Muscular contractions

Isotonic contractions are contractions that involve the shortening or lengthening

of the muscles length under a constant tension. There are 2 types of isotonic
contraction:
Concentric contraction- this is where the length of the muscle is shortened to
produce movement through flexion of the joint while contracting. This tends to
occur during e.g. the lifting phases of a movement for example the upward
phase when preforming a dumbbell curl exercise flexing the biceps.
Eccentric contraction- produces an inverted movement/opposite movement. This
is when the muscle lengthens while contracting. This flexion acts to stabilise
movement or perhaps to even produce movement during the lowering phase of a
movement. They are various examples of where this contraction may be used,
for example when preforming a close grip / diamond push up. The triceps flex
still (during the downwards phase) to control the movement and speed of the
ascent before flexing again with the assistance of the chest to extend the arms
to complete the exercise.
There are also occasions where the muscle contracts and create tension while
still remaining the same length and produces no movement. This is called a
isometric or static contraction.
An example of this contraction is when preforming the plank exercise, as your
abdominal muscles contract to keep the body in a straight line and up off the
ground.
Isokinetic contractions are similar to isotonic in that the length of the muscle is
changed through the contraction. But the only difference is that isokinetic
contractions produce movements of a constant speed. This contraction may
occur when for example pushing a heavy object or device at a controlling speed.
Also during swimming when the arm is submerged in the water. The arm receives
resistance from the water making it travel at a constant speed.