GII PHP TI U HO MNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM

Optimize network solution of mobile GSM

Sv: ng Minh Tm, GVHD: Bi Th Cao, Phm Ngc Dng.
Khoa Cng ngh in t, Trng H Cng Nghip TP.HCM.
TM TT: Bi bo ny s gii thiu s lc v mng thng
tin di ng GSM. Phn chnh ca bi bo s phn tch s cn
thit ca vic ti s dng tn s v cc vn pht sinh sau
, ng thi s xut phng php ti u mng v tuyn, l
vn chnh trong ti u mng thng tin di ng GSM.
ABSTRACT:This article introduces a glance over mobile
information network GSM. The main part of the article will
analyze the need for re-use frequency of the problems arising
thereafter, at the same time, will propose methods optimized
radio network, being the main problem in the optimal mobile
network GSM.

1.1 Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM

1. GII THIU
H thng thng tin di ng ton cu (ting Anh:
Global System for Mobile Communications; ting Php:
Groupe Spcial Mobile; vit tt: GSM) l mt cng ngh
dng cho mng thng tin di ng. Cc mng thng tin di
ng GSM cho php c th roaming vi nhau. Do
nhng my in thoi di ng GSM ca cc mng GSM
khc nhau c th s dng c nhiu ni trn th gii.
GSM l chun ph bin nht cho in thoi di ng
(TD) trn th gii. Kh nng ph sng rng khp ni
ca chun GSM lm cho n tr nn ph bin trn th gii
v cho php ngi s dng c th s dng TD ca h
nhiu vng trn th gii. GSM khc vi cc chun tin
thn ca n v c tn hiu v tc , cht lng cuc gi.
N c xem nh l mt h thng TD th h th hai
(second generation - 2G). GSM l mt chun m, hin ti
n c pht trin bi 3rd Generation Partnership Project
(3GPP).
Vo u thp nin 1980 ti chu u ngi ta pht
trin mt mng in thoi di ng ch s dng trong mt
vi khu vc. Sau vo nm 1982 n c chun ho
bi CEPT (Conference of European Posts and
Telecommunications) v to ra Groupe Spcial Mobile
(GSM) vi mc ch s dng chung cho ton Chu u.
Cho n nm 2006 s thu bao di ng GSM ln
ti con s 2 t vi trn 700 nh iu hnh, chim gn 80%
th phn thng tin di ng trn th gii.

Hnh 1. S khi h thng thng tin di ng GSM

MS (mobile station): Trm di ng
BTS (Base transceiver station): Trm thu pht
BSC (Base station controller): B iu khin trm nn
BSS (Base station system): H thng trm nn
MSC (Mobile services switching center): Trung tm
chuyn mch mobile
GMSC (Gateway Mobile services switching center):
Cng kt ni gia MSC v cc tng i ngoi
OMC (Operation and maintenance center): Trung tm
khai thc v bo dng
OS: H thng khai thc
1.2 Giao din v tuyn (Radio interface) trong GSM
Trong GSM, giao din radio s dng tng hp c hai
phng thc phn knh theo tn s v thi gian: FDMA
(Frequency Division Multiple Access) v TDMA (Time
Division Multiple Access).
Trong GSM s dng bng tn ti 900 MHz (gi l
GSM 900) v 1800 MHz (gi l GSM 1800). y ta
ch cp n GSM 900. Mi knh c c trng bi
mt tn s (sng mang) cho mi hng thu pht, cc tn
s ny cch nhau 200 Khz.
Trong GSM 900, tn hiu t MS n trm thu pht l
890-915 Mhz l dy tn uplink, cn dy tn downlink t

trm thu pht n MS l 935-960 Mhz . C hai u c

rng bng l 25 Mhz, vi 125 knh truyn dn.

S dng cc Cell ln khi:

tng thm hiu sut s dng ph tn s, trong

GSM dng k thut TDMA chia mi knh tn s 200
kHz thnh 8 khe thi gian, nh s 0 7. Mi khe s
c cp pht cho ngi dng.

Sng v tuyn t b che khut (vng nng

thn, ven bin )

Mt thu bao thp

Yu cu cng sut pht ln

S dng cc Cell nh khi:

1.3

Khi nim Cell

H thng thoi di ng trc y c cu trc ging

nh h thng truyn hnh pht thanh qung b: Mt trm
pht sng cng sut mnh t ti mt cao im c th
pht tn hiu trong vng bn knh n 50km.

Sng v tuyn b che khut (vng th ln)

Mt thu bao cao

Yu cu cng sut pht nh

Trong cu trc ny, s knh thoi trong giao din

radio rt hn ch. Gi s dng ht c bng tn GSM 900,
theo tnh ton trn ch t ti a l 125* 8 = 1000 knh
thoi m thi.
Hin nay cn s lng knh thoi gp nhiu ln kt
qu tnh ton trn, ngi ta cn ti s dng li tn s ti
cc vng khng gian khc nhau, cc vng khng gian ny
gi l Cell. Tn s cell ny c th c ti s dng
cell khc, cc cuc in thoi vn c duy tr lin tc
khi thu bao di chuyn t cell ny sang cell khc.

Hnh 3. Thit k cc Cell

1.4 Cp dch v - GoS (Grade of Service)
V ngi s dng truy cp knh v tuyn theo kiu
ngu nhin. Khi s ngi dng tng ln, s cuc gi i
qua knh cng tng, nn thng lng tng ln. C th xy
ra tnh hung nhiu ngi dng ng thi truy cp mt
knh v tuyn, khi ch c mt ngi c dng knh,
nhng ngi khc b tc nghn.
Offered Traffic = Carried Traffic + Blocked Traffic
mt knh ng trc c cht lng phc v cao th
xc sut nghn phi thp. Vy nn s ngi dng c th
phi b gii hn. Nu chp nhn mt cp phc v thp
hn, tc l xc sut nghn ln hn, th tng ng tng
c dung lng mun truyn (tng s ngi dng). GoS
cng mt ngha vi xc sut nghn:

Hnh 2. Khi nim Cell

Cell (t bo hay ): l n v c s ca mng, ti
trm di ng MS tin hnh trao i thng tin vi mng
qua trm thu pht gc BTS. BTS trao i thng tin qua
sng v tuyn vi tt c cc trm di ng MS c mt
trong Cell.

Lu lng mun truyn: A (lu lng mun truyn)

Gi s bng cch phn chia mt vng trung tm thnh

100 vng nh hn (cc t bo), nu mi cell vi kh nng
cung cp 12 knh thoi. Khi nng lc ca h thng v
l thuyt c th tng t 12 ln n 12x100 = 1200 knh
thoi. Nh vy l dung lng h thng tng ln rt
nhiu ln.

Lu lng b nghn : A*GoS (lu lng mt i)

Lu lng c truyn : A*(1 - GoS) (lu lng pht
ra)
Theo thng k cho thy th cc thu bao c nhn s
khng nhn ra c s tc nghn h thng mc di
10%. Tuy nhin mng hot ng vi hiu sut cao th

Vic thit k cc Cell ln hay nh l do thc t.

 cht lng thoi lun c m bo th mc thu

ca sng mang mong mun C (Carrier) phi ln hn tng
mc nhiu ng knh I (Interference) v mc nhiu knh
ln cn A (Adjacent).

mng cellular thng c GoS = 2 % ngha l ti a 2%

lu lng b nghn, ti thiu 98% lu lng c truyn.

2.1.1. Nhiu ng knh

Nhiu ng knh xy ra khi c hai my pht, pht trn
cng mt tn s hoc trn cng mt knh. My thu iu
chnh knh ny s thu c c hai tn hiu vi cng
ph thuc vo v tr ca my thu so vi hai my pht.

Hnh 4. Xc sut nghn GoS

T s sng mang trn nhiu c nh ngha l cng

tn hiu mong mun trn cng tn hiu nhiu.

2. PHNG PHP
Vi lng bng tn gii hn c phn b trc,
tng cht lng phc v, gim nghn mch, ngi ta tm
cch tng s knh thoi traffic ln bng cch ti s dng
li tn s. Nu tm ra cch phn b cc tn s ln cc Cell
hp l s t yu cu ti u cc knh thoi vi cht lng
chp nhn c. y l vic phc tp v i hi phi
kho st nhiu vn . T vic t chc cu trc li mng
t ong (Cells), tm kim cc nguyn nhn gy nhiu cho
h thng cng nh o c thc t chng, cn phi d
kin tnh hung lu lng tng t bin trong tng lai,
ng thi cng cn thit b o v cng c phn mm
chuyn dng h tr.

C/I = 10log(Pc/Pi) .
Trong :
Pc = cng sut tn hiu thu mong mun
Pi = cng sut nhiu thu c.
Hnh 5. ch ra trng hp m my di ng (cellphone)
t trong xe ang thu mt sng mang mong mun t mt
trm gc phc v (Serving BS) v ng thi cng ang
chu mt nhiu ng knh do nhiu pht sinh ca mt
trm gc khc (Interference BS).

Trong thng tin di ng nhiu ng knh nh hng

nhiu nht n cht lng thoi, k n l nhiu knh ln
cn, cn nhiu trng nh hng khng nhiu so vi 2 loi
trn.
Nhiu ph thuc nhiu vo cch t chc cc Cell. Ni
dung sau s trnh by kh k v hai vn ny v mi
lin h gia chng.
2.1.

Vn nhiu

Mt c im ca cell l cc knh tn s ang s dng

Cell ny c th c s dng cc cell khc. Nhng
gia cc cell ny phi c mt khong cch nht nh.
iu ny c ngha l cell s b nhiu ng knh do vic
cc cell khc s dng cng tn s.

Hnh 5. T s nhiu ng knh C/I

Theo khuyn ngh ca GSM gi tr C/I b nht m
my di ng vn c th lm vic tt l 9 dB. Trong thc
t, ngi ta nhn thy rng gi tr ny cn thit phi ln
n 12 dB ngoi tr nu s dng nhy tn th mi c th
lm vic mc C/I l 9dB. mc C/I thp hn th t l
li bit BER (Bit Error Rate) s cao khng chp nhn
c v m ho knh cng khng th sa li mt cch
chnh xc c.

Vng ph sng ca trm gc s b gii hn bi l do

ny hn l do tp m thng thng. Mt vn trong
thit k h t ong l iu khin cc loi nhiu ny mc
chp nhn c. iu ny c thc hin mt phn bi
vic iu khin khong cch s dng li tn s. Khong
cch ny cng ln th nhiu cng b.

T s C/I c dng cho cc my di ng ph thuc

rt ln vo vic quy hoch tn s v mu ti s dng tn
3

Tuy nhin, vic h thp anten s lm nh hng ca cc

vt cn (nh cao tng) ti cht lng ca h thng tr
nn nghim trng hn.

s. Ni chung vic s dng li tn s lm dung lng

tng ng k tuy nhin ng thi cng lm cho t s C/I
gim i. Do vic quy hoch tn s cn quan tm n
nhiu ng knh C/I.

Phng php s dng Anten nh hng BTS c hai

ch li: Mt l bin php lm gim can nhiu knh chung
trong khi c ly s dng li tn s khng i, hai l tng
dung lng h thng.

2.1.2. Nhiu knh ln cn

Nhiu knh ln cn xy ra khi sng v tuyn c
iu chnh v thu ring knh C song li chu nhiu t
knh ln cn C-1 hoc C+1. Mc d thc t sng v
tuyn khng c chnh thu knh ln cn , nhng
n vn ngh mt s p ng nh l cho php knh ln
cn gy nhiu ti knh m my thu ang iu chnh. T
s sng mang trn knh ln cn c nh ngha l cng
ca sng mang mong mun trn cng ca sng
mang knh ln cn.

Khi dng Omni Antenna

Hnh 6. Nhiu khi dng Anten v hng (Omni )

Ta gi thit hai cell E1 v E2 s dng chung mt tn
s v E1 c a th cao hn so vi E2. Mt thu bao MS
ang di chuyn t E1 ti E2. Khi thu bao di chuyn
cng gn E2, kh nng gy nhiu ca n ti E2 cng ln.

C/A = 10.log(Pc/Pa)
Trong :
Pc = cng sut thu tn hiu mong mun

Khi dng Sector Antenna

Pa = cng sut thu tn hiu ca knh ln cn

Gi tr C/A thp lm cho mc BER cao. Mc d m
ho knh GSM bao gm vic pht hin li v sa li,
nhng vic thnh cng th cng c gii hn i vi
nhiu. Theo khuyn ngh ca GSM, cho vic quy
hoch tn s c tt th gi tr C/A nh nht nn ln hn
- 9 dB.
Hnh 7. Nhiu khi dng Anten sector ha

C hai t s C/I v C/A u c th c tng ln bng

vic s dng quy hoch cu trc tn s.

By gi ta cng vn dng E1 v E2. Nhng c

sector ho thnh: EA1, EB1, EC v EA2, EB2, EC2.

2.1.3. Mt s bin php khc phc

MS di chuyn v pha E2, xut pht t EA1 (c

khong cch ln nht ti E2). Khi MS vt qua v tr
trm EA1, n c chuyn giao ti EB1 v khong cch
t MS ti E2 gn hn. EB1 cng tn s vi EB2 nhng
nh a hnh ta thy, cc nhiu n to ra u nm pha
sau anten ca EB2 (v l anten nh hng nn c t s
nng lng hng trc trn hng sau = 6 15 dB).
iu ny c ngha l kh nng chng nhiu ca h thng
tng t 6 15 dB. Tng t nh vy khi MS i ti
EA2 n ch to nhiu cho EA1 t pha sau ca anten
EA1.

C cc phng php gim can nhiu knh chung

(Nhiu ng knh C/I) nh
1. Tng c ly s dng li tn s (D)
2. H thp cao anten trm gc
3. S dng Anten nh hng BTS (Sector
ha)
Vi phng php tng c ly s dng li tn s D s
lm gim can nhiu knh chung, tuy nhin khi s cell
trong mi mng mu s tng, tng ng vi s knh tn
s dnh cho mi cell s gim v nh vy th dung lng
phc v s gim xung.

Tm li dng sector anten l mt bin php lm tng

t s C/ I ca h thng.

Phng php h thp anten trm gc lm cho nh

hng gia cc cell dng chung tn s s c gim bt
v nh vy can nhiu knh chung cng c gim bt.

2.2.

Khi nim Cell, Site, Cluster

D = R* 3 * N

Cell l vng khng gian ph bi 1 bp sng ca mt

anten

(trong : R l bn knh cell)

Site l vng khng gian ph bi nhiu bp sng ca

nhiu anten trong cng trm thu pht sng BTS
Vi Cc anten nh hng lch 1200: 1 Site = 3 Cell
lch nhau 1200.

Hnh 10. Khong cch D ti s dng tn s

Tnh ton C/I
Hnh 8. Khi nim Cell, Site

ng thi ta c cng thc tnh t s C/I nh sau:

Cluster l mt nhm cc cell. Cc knh khng c

ti s dng tn s trong mt cluster.

P l v tr ca MS thuc cell A, chu nh hng nhiu

knh chung t cell B l ln nht.

Nh khai thc mng c giy php s dng mt s

c hn cc tn s v tuyn. Vic quy hoch tn s, ta phi
sp xp thch hp cc tn s v tuyn vo mt Cluster
sao cho cc Cluster s dng li tn s m khng b nhiu
qu mc.

Hnh 11. S tnh C/I

Ti v tr P (v tr my di ng MS) c:
x

x
D
C = ( D R) = 1 = ( 3. N -1)x
x
I
R
R

Trong x l h s truyn sng, ph bin nm trong

khong t 3 n 4 i vi hu ht cc mi trng.
C (dB ) = 10x*lg( 3. N -1)
I

Hnh 9. Cluster gm N = 7 cells

S cell (N)

C ly dng li tn s
Ta bit rng s dng li tn s cc cell khc nhau th
b gii hn bi nhiu ng knh C/I gia cc cell nn
C/I s l mt vn chnh cn c quan tm.
D dng thy rng, vi mt kch thc cell nht nh,
khong cch s dng li tn s ph thuc vo s Cell N
trong 1 Cluster. Nu N cng ln, khong cch s dng li
tn s cng ln v ngc li.
Ta c cng thc tnh khong cch s dng li tn s:

T s C/I (dB)
x=3,0

x=3,5

x=0

9,0

10,5

12,0

11,7

13,7

15,6

16,6

19,4

22,2

18,7

21,8

24,9

12

21,0

24,5

28,0

21

25,2

29,4

33,6

Hnh 12. Bng quan h N & C/I

Theo l thuyt, cu trc mng 9 cells c t s C/I > 9

dB m bo GSM lm vic bnh thng.

2.3. Cch t chc Cluster trong mng t ong

K hiu ca mu s dng li tn s l M / N

T s C/A cng l mt t s quan trng v ngi ta

cng da vo t s ny m bo rng vic n nh tn
s sao cho cc sng mang lin nhau khng nn c s
dng cc cell cnh nhau v mt a l.

M = tng s sites trong Cluster

N = tng s cells trong Cluster
Ba kiu mu s dng li tn s thng dng l: 3/9,
4/12 v 7/21.

Tuy nhin, trong h thng 3/9 cc cell cnh nhau v

mt a l nh A1 & C3; C1 & A2; C2 & A3 li s dng
cc sng mang lin nhau. iu ny chng t rng t s
C/A i vi cc my di ng hot ng bin gii gia
hai cell A1 v C3 l 0dB, y l mc nhiu cao mc d t
s ny l ln hn t s chun ca GSM l (- 9 dB).

a. Mu ti s dng tn s 3/9
Mu ti s dng li tn s 3/9 c ngha cc tn s s
dng c chia thnh 9 nhm tn s n nh trong 3 v tr
trm gc (Site). Mu ny c khong cch gia cc trm
ng knh l D = 5,2R.
Cc tn s mu 3/9 (gi thit c 41 bng tn t cc
knh 84 n 124, chim bng tn chung 41*0.2 MHz =
8,2 MHz s dng trong mng GSM900 ca VMS)

b. Mu ti s dng tn s 4/12
Mu s dng li tn s 4/12 c ngha l cc tn s s
dng c chia thnh 12 nhm tn s n nh trong 4 v
tr trm gc. Khong cch gia cc trm ng knh khi
l D = 6R.

n nh tn s
A1

B1

C1

A2

B2

C2

A3

B3

C3

BCCH

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

TCH1

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

TCH2

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

TCH3

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

TCH4

120

121

122

123

124

Hnh 13. Phn b tn s cho cc Cell trong Cluster 3/9

Cc tn s mu 4/12:
n nh tn s
A1

B1

C1

D1

A2

B2

C2

D2

A3

B3

C3

D3

BCCH

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

TCH1

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

TCH2

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

TCH3

120

121

122

123

124

Ta thy mi cell c th phn b cc i l 4 sng

mang. Nhng phi dnh ra mt khe thi gian cho BCH,
mt khe thi gian cho SDCCH/8. Vy s khe thi gian
dnh cho knh lu lng ca mi cell cn (4 x 8 2) =
30 TCH.

Ta thy mi cell c th phn b cc i n 5 sng

mang. Nhng phi dnh ra mt khe thi gian cho BCH,
mt khe thi gian cho SDCCH/8. Vy s khe thi gian
dnh cho knh lu lng ca mi cell cn (5 x 8 2) =
38 TCH.

Trong 12 Cell ca Cluster phi mt 2*12 = 24 knh,

cn li 41*8 24 = 304 knh logic dnh cho traffic.

Trong 9 Cell ca Cluster phi mt 2*9 = 18 knh, cn

li 41*8 18 = 310 knh logic dnh cho traffic.

Hnh 15. Mu ti s dng li tn s 4/12

Hnh 14. Mu ti s dng li tn s 3/9
6

V l thuyt, cm 12 cells c t s C/I > 12 dB. y l

t s thch hp cho php h thng GSM hot ng tt.
Tuy nhin, mu 4/12 c dung lng thp hn so vi mu
3/9 nhng m bo vic n nh tn s sao cho cc sng
mang lin nhau khng s dng cc cell cnh nhau v
mt a l.

Ta thy mi cell c th phn b cc i l 2 sng

mang. Nhng phi dnh ra mt khe thi gian cho BCH,
mt khe thi gian cho SDCCH/8. Vy s khe thi gian
dnh cho knh lu lng ca mi cell cn (2 x 8 2) =
14 TCH.
Trong 21 Cell ca Cluster phi mt 2*21 = 42 knh,
cn li 41*8 42 = 286 knh logic dnh cho traffic.

c. Mu ti s dng tn s 7/21
Mu 7/21 c ngha l cc tn s s dng c chia
thnh 21 nhm n nh trong 7 trm gc. Khong cch
gia cc trm ng knh l D = 7,9R.

d. Nhn xt
Khi s nhm tn s N gim (21, 12, 9, th khong
cch gia cc trm ng knh D s gim 7,9R; 6R; 5,2R.
Nh vy, vic la chn mu s dng li tn s phi da
trn cc c im a l vng ph sng, mt thu bao
ca vng ph v tng s knh ca mng.

Cc tn s mu 7/21
n nh tn s
A1
B1
C1
D1
E1
F1
G1
A2
B2
C2
D2
E2
F2
G2
A3
B3
C3
D3
E3
F3
G3

BCCH
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104

TCH
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124

Mu 3/9: s knh trong mt cell l ln, tuy nhin kh

nng nhiu cao. M hnh ny thng c p dng cho
nhng vng c mt my di ng cao.
Mu 4/12: s dng cho nhng vng c mt lu
lng trung bnh.
Mu 7/21: s dng cho nhng khu vc mt thp.
2.4. Thay i quy hoch tn s theo phn b lu lng
S thay i lu lng v hiu ng im nng
(hotspot) hnh thnh nhu cu tng thm knh tn s mt
cell no . Khi ngi ta ngh ngay n kh nng ly
knh tn s cell no c lu lng rt nh thm vo
cho cell no c lu lng qu ln. Tuy nhin, vic lm
ny ph hng quy hoch tn s v mang li can nhiu qu
mc cho php, gim C/I v C/A nu nh vic thc thi
khng ng khoa hc.

Hnh 16. Cc tn s mu 7/21

Mun phn tch chnh xc C/ I, phi k n yu t a

hnh thc t. iu ny cn n cng c phn mm c
bit x l vn bng my tnh.
Mt trong nhng gii php cho vn ny l cu trc
ng tm ca cell c tng cng thm ti tn ly t
cell khc. Khi , cc ti tn sn c ban u ca cell vn
c dng nh vn c, cn ti tn tng cng c pht
cng sut b hn mc microcell.
Cc nhn t khc: Cng c phn mm quy hoch v
tuyn s tnh n nhiu yu t sau y khi chuyn knh
tn s:
- S khc nhau v cng sut pht v tuyn c cc BTS.
- S khc nhau v anten c dng cc c s mt
bng.

Hnh 16. Mu ti s dng tn s 7/21

- a hnh thay i

b. OSS (Operating SubSystem)

V GSM l h thng b gii hn bi can nhiu, nn

phi xt mu s dng li tn s no c mc can nhiu
chp nhn c.

L phn mm h tr cho nh khai thc dch v

(Operator) tnh nng gim st tnh trng hot ng, vn
hnh khai thc ca h thng mng. N cung cp cc giao
din quan st, gim st cu hnh, cnh bo ca h
thng. N h tr cho cng tc ti u, thit k h
thng..v.v..

Quy hoch ph sng khng lin tc

Bi ton quy hoch ny phi x l c bit. Tuy
nhin, c s gii bi ton ny vn l quy hoch tn s sao
cho cc t s C/ I v C/ A t mc quy nh cht lng.
Nhng mu thun pht sinh c th c dung ha ty
hon cnh. V d: trong lng x ven quc l c th chu
C/ I nh.

Hnh 18. Phn mm h tr khai thc OSS.

Ta ni qua cc giao din quan trng sau:
Hnh 17. Ph sng khng lin tc

Configuration Management (Qun l cu hnh)

a ra giao din ho quan st cu hnh cc thnh
phn trong mng, v d nh cu hnh ca cc Cell trong
mng.

2.5. Mt s cng c h tr cng tc ti u

a. MapInfo
L phn mm bn tr gip quan st v phn tch h
thng cc Cell, cc trm ca mng thng tin di ng.
Cung cp mt c s d liu v a hnh, a vt ca khu
vc a l phn tch.

Hnh 19. Giao din Qun l cu hnh mng.

Hnh 18. Giao din ca MapInfo.

X l cc cu lnh (Command Handling)

phn tch mt cch kh chnh xc cht lng mng v

tuyn ti mt khu vc nht nh.

L giao din thc hin cc lnh gim st h thng

mng.

Hnh 22. Cc ca s giao din ca TEMS Investigation.

Hnh 20. Giao din thc hin cc dng lnh

Phn tch kt qu o sng pht hin nhiu tn s

S dng my TEMS T68i ca Sony Ericsson o
sng pht hin nhiu tn s ti khu th mi Php
Vn - H Ni. Di y l ph tn hiu thu c ti khu
th mi Php Vn.

Alarm (Cnh bo)

Gim st cc cnh bo v tnh trng hot ng ca cc
thnh phn mng. Nhn vo y ta c th thy c cc
li c th ca h thng, t a ra cc phn ng thch
hp mng hot ng tt hn.

Hnh 23. Kt qu o sng pht hin nhiu tn

Hnh 21. Giao din hin th cc cnh bo (Alarm).

Trn biu ph tn hiu thu c ta thy: mt s v

tr c ch s C/ I rt thp, c nhng lc b gim xung
di 9dB (gi tr C/ I b nht m cht lng c th chp
nhn c theo khuyn ngh GSM ). Mc nhiu ng
knh qu cao l nguyn nhn dn n s lng yu cu
Handover tng t bin trong khi mc thu tn hiu vn tt
(RxLevel khong -52 dBm). Nhiu tn s xut hin lm
cho tn hiu m thoi d b ngt qung, nghe khng r,
nh hng n cht lng thoi. Nu ko di s lm cuc
gi b rt mch.

c. TEMS Investigation
Cng vi cc cng c khc, my TEMS c s dng
thng xuyn trong vic o v kim tra cht lng h
thng. y l phn mm h tr o c, phn tch cht
lng mng v tuyn. Da vo TEMS ta c th bit c
cng tn hiu, cht lng tn hiu, Cell phc v v
cc Cell ln cn ti mt khu vc kho st. TEMS cung
cp cc s kin v cc bn tin o c ca h thng gip

Kt lun: Mc nhiu ng knh nh vy l vt qu

mc cho php, iu ny c th l do khi thc hin quy
hoch tn s c s khai bo nhm tn s (sau khi kim
tra d liu mng cho thy 2 trm BTS ti khu th mi
Php Vn khai bo cng tn s BCCH). Nh vy cn
kim tra v tin hnh khai bo li tn s m bo yu
cu.
3. KT LUN
Bi bo trnh by khi qut v cc hot ng ti u
trong mng thng tin di ng GSM. Tuy bi bo ny
cha thc s i su, phn tch cc d liu ca mng v
tuyn, nhng cng nu vn , t nn tng cho ti u
mng v tuyn mt cch trc tip hoc gin tip t
c trng thi hot ng ca mng v tuyn mt cch
tt nht c th. Bi bo cng cp n cc cng vic
kho st, thit k, lp t, vn hnh h thng ... Do c
th ca mi trng truyn dn l v tuyn v do yu cu
pht trin mng li lun lun bin ng tng ngy nn
ti u mng v tuyn l hot ng thng xuyn, lin
tc, ko di cng vi s tn ti v pht trin ca h
thng.

4. TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Thng tin di ng GSM. PTS.Nguyn Phm Anh Dng
[2] Tnh ton mng thng tin di ng s CELLULAR.
V c Th
[3] Th vin Alex. Ericsson.
[4] BSS System Description. Alcatel.
[5] http://www.vntelecom.net
[6] http://www.gsmworld.com

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