Seismic Force-Resisting System ASCE 7 Sec. 12.2.1 details the following lateral force-resisting systems: Bearing walls: Shear walls support gravity loads and also resist all lateral loads, These systems reduce deformations and limit damage under seismic loads. They have poor ductility and lack redundancy since they support both gravity and lateral loads. Building frames: Building frames support all gravity loads while independent shear walls or braced frames resist all lateral loads. This system provides better ductility than a bearing wall system. Moment-resisting frames: Moment-resisting frames support gravity loads and also resist all lateral loads. These systems provide good ductility and redundancy and provide better free access than the two previous systems. However, large deformations under seismic loads may damage finishes, and the elements require special detailing to ensure integrity. Dual systems with special moment-resisting frames: Shear walls or braced frames provide the primary lateral support system and special moment frames support gravity loads and also provide a minimum 25 percent of the lateral force- resisting system. These systems provide excellent redundancy and seismic safety. Dual systems with intermediate moment frames; Shear walls or braced frames provide the primary lateral support system and intermediate moment frames support gravity loads and also provide a minimum 25 pervent of the lateral force-resisting system. These systems may be satisfactorily used in regions of moderate seismic risk. Cantilevered column structures: A cantilevered column or inverted pendulum structure has a large portion of its mass concentrated near the top and has limited redundancy. STEEL STRUCTURES DESIGN by Alan Williams