Sess09N (a, STS TSE Pakistan’s Precious Parties Vilifed and marginalised, yet resilient, Pakistan's political parties go into elections on February 18, holding the keys © the country’s future, They have survived through decades of military rule and are much bigger chan the individuals that appear to dominate thes. They have relatively well-defined ideological markers, support bases and ways of conducting ‘business. These partis will now be called upon to resolve the crises in the state and the economy left behind by direct ralltary rule, Whether chey are upto itornot, itis time for supporters of democracy at home and abroad to close ranks around them, ars Gada (gashe@yahoncom is with be Kaehcates Cale fer Sor Seen. esarch 4 the Pakistan Muslim League cof Nawaz Sharif pen outed he Pakisan Peoples Pary (er) of Benanic Shuto in the gener] lesions of 97 the rightwing Uru press ‘was eerie, Columaiss celebrated the fing of curse chat had thrown its shad cw over sciry for 30 years the spell of popular palies that had been cast by Benasirs charlie father 2ulkar Ali huro in the le 1960s, There ae mean srreaks inthe Pakistani intligentsi end bourgecsie shat mitor the ilar estab lishment visceral hard of mass popula: pole ofany ype Alas, forthe rightwing Coli, Bhura's pe was only the pro senior ~ varias of its ste, terorie and technology for mass mobilsaion bad reproduced themselves manifold among polcias and paras aco the spect ‘The Pakistan’ sol had proven tobe hosp tablet the rou of mass elecoral pls, cen the som friar ule requetly asad the buds before they Rowere ‘Masharas views abou pla pris end mas electoral politics, which he Fre quently expreseed through speech and ction, were not arpical of the conve: tions ofthe lzary and civil stable ‘mex he ineligenia andthe bourgeisi Like Zula and Ayub Khan before hi, Musharraf campaigned singlemingedly ageinn polisians and polical partis that had retained any autonomous agency. ‘These milzary rulers were morivated aqulte largely by sei own political forvval bur ale ied by a broader cone victon that mas plies was a nuisance thar came inthe way of good governance and effecive economic management. The cotherwige liberal professionals and the non-governmencal orgatisaton leaders who Bocked co suppor Musharraf wen he deposes Nawaz Sharif in 1999 shared this ennviton. So, who ae here pola pate, why do sepmence of the Pakstari eit despise and fear them, and how do they menage to remain alive, relevant and even inls- enable through decades omar uk? Dynasties and Personalities thar been easy co dismiss he pats as Deing nothing more chan platforms for personals. The wpe was Zulfiar Ali ‘Bhas'spary, which was “inher by his daughter Benarr, and then passed ‘on toher son and husband following her ‘asssnaion in December, Some observers Ihave gone so fara to claim hatch Pit rat & poliial party but 2 cult of the Bhutio martyr. The tole of personals and dyranies ino les important incther pis that have survived. ma is Nawaz Shane vam, and al the indeaions are hat Ris sons and nephews are being groomed asthe next generarion of des. ‘The Pashtun nations Awami National ary (a) i ed by Asfanyar Wal, son of ‘Abdul Wall Khan, and grandson of he Frontier Gandhi - Khan abdul, Ghaffar Khar, The Jamie Ula (ut the political organisation of onbadex Sunni ‘Muslin cleris anise by Maulana Flor Rehman, who isthe fon of urs founder Maulana Mufti Mehmood. Te Mutahide (Qauni Movement (woud, formery the Mohali: Qaumi Movement is led by the London-based Altaf Hussan, who simply known by the messianic cle of (QuaideTehzeck (leader ofthe mover ut it would bea mistake to mopsisiy 1m pertonaliis. All of the partes de- scribed above are much bgge: and mare durable than ehe individuals chat eppest to dominate them. They have relatively well defined idelogieal markers, support bases and ways of conducting business Most imporeanly, these parties have in erected with scier in complex ways and ceeated and occupied poltcal spaces acon the national landscape. Support Base of PPP ‘The rev is pechaps the mos inrereng “While has abandoned mech ofits socialist hetore of the 39608 and 1670s it i til ‘denied asa cence-leftpary It has 8 support base in the rural areas of Sindh and Punjab, and among warking class segments inthe urban areas of Punjab. It alka hat a presence in che North WestJong pang ¥ semeeny tusks Der "ms 98 ‘ey u96t “ne MOND “os wena pw wes “aes 6 ina yn song + ssestinun ou Loussiieg fim yo repent Biter, vd poe ss SUT aNY Atom soUNON WHOIS NVISPIMd NI NOLIYZLM@DOHEA +sSa SSS rene Prove Baca, el inh erly Amini Naar ‘Areas (pawa) ~ Gilg and Bakistan - and sad Kani Among wetng Ht commie in spear ae pes fren ero pon dent Oh ‘ya progmeFe arate oi we cca pin oaner a9 fen are thou ps hehe fet ing Pr whe te wo tree lave becker” Fee thee communes peak abou sl, oem symbole veer a gree ae fener sadn taeseppen my hove changed inp acing ge trem to ther adne tn ae oil the unde treed be © ous psc nr tefl Pan vag She ee nner ah elie = selene op berg emer Taner whe we} awaied sr trad recep in sy Te org iy ee are habe eee acon ater fede, whe edn eget pe, fo wcue propery te Es From poerenet Fer sed nt oe eer b- sieSenbs tars yh teense ary gener Fordson hepato le Te Ene pup, cdg he les, ve {felcexcluded from political power because ether ison Heese the nary and ff ery. Tes tei ce eo of popain fe may Bip Mone of or fxn! Pup Shien a Menon the oe sian pre ara protect fe es ne feel he en eit Son iin rte. Tare hen nent that che party has 2 foft corner for Shia Mass do fo te fed vai ne geoff bl hve oman gt hope a Shit cad of aca ey the whng canes spd ee a fou noni mie ber, tis tata scones se Se many flere ites ve Segoe fina Pk sce hm ven ere raat he Jary has mony sid te tpn Spe uae rw ‘Under conditions of severe repression the iapetod when parry opparters were ‘mpczoned in thei thousands and fogged in their hundred was but natural for some (9 look 1 revolutionary votence, thers to espoue Sindhi nationalism, and ye thers 0 speak openiywbou gecing Indian support overthrow the Pakistan rilary. Ye: the pary leaderoip dis ppoined che rebrands nd suck 0 ite cenivst creed: policeal proces rather than violent coofrontarion, ederlime rather chan provincial separa, and kata nationalism 2 all coms. Those wine espoused revoliionary vilence, Sindh nationals “ational beeya” were sidelined and expelled, and by ick (or Daw he 7p hep tel eleva © mos fe averse conticvencies, The isin to preserve politi capital was very much in evidence in the aftermath of Senazt ‘hurt asestination. The party lade ship moved quikly to sllence enraged Siadhimoumere who sed an-Pakiran slogansat the funeral ‘Ethnic Nationalist Groups Wile ce sory of ews resiece is re rmacable tis ot unique Various ete atonal such asthe an, the Baloch atonal. groups, and even the pro Musharraf wo, andthe sami Ju and Jaca lslami ae suo socially rlerae even if they are resisted to narrower ‘ethnic and recarian pockes = becuse hei histories are linked we socal and po- lia! development in their art fin nce. Unlike the pr seme ofthese pacties te fewer quale about armed smuggle and few of hem sill mainain emia wing. Progresively, these paris got engaged with mass elecroral poles and saw ways of framing their demands in Conetionalt erm Like the 9 these pares have com to be defned and de- fered in mulidimensional ways and thi ecru for thei rootednes, ‘conta, the Musharalmanvacured Pakistan Muslin League (Quaié-e-Azam) ‘or rQ remtine & maely erew of oc nerabes and srongmen. ts creting “Muli League" out of pliable local patons, Musharraf followed the serie woicen by Ayub Khan and Zielag before him. Nawar Sharif Muslim ‘League Depa fe in sila fashion under aul Hag but eae ine its own when anaoyed che ralltary and evi sabish- ren with it populist meaeurs when i cumeta offen the ig90s. The pio is sey player Punjab, and in some ways iis pacural constituencies, also. mult dimensional, are iametcialy opposite ‘thos of the opr: eradere versus agricul: rural, own verso county, middle and ppe lasses veers working cases, and orthodox Suna vers ath. ‘The policy hating Pakistan ace fs to underrand tha i is svength not & venkat that divergent roi and ez omic iaterees Bnd expestion in const ‘ational plier inten of remaining on the outside, In the manne: af colonial maser hs ele seas che emi ggg of pelican and paces as being a threa to te own privileges and prerogatives While Ic fets national pride” in being he only ‘Mati counry with an atom bom, this le fale nose, let alone cake ride i, the fa that despite ll ecg, poe! rociety in Pakistanis among the oti Clutve anywhere inthe Muslin world Inthe fas mving ward of the "war apie verre, *rogue™ vations and threas of slaty mervenin, its this pelea] society rather than avclear weapons that would be the surest deterrent agulst sume clase, Economic an Economic&Politicalweexty Unbound Back Volumes of Karam and alc Wey fm 51 82007 ae 2aate ve eon Deprment, ical Weekly ita Howse, 28 Sha Braat Soh Rx, Muna C00 redaionsepwarsinJ9p ILM Atporoc puw uyor ‘syuased Kur 0} pareorpect sarehey myo mere Ragen pow ed ney progr Fea rrejsy PU Leb! 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