DESIGN OF BEAMS FOR TENSION ONLY

BEAM DESIGNATION:

BC3

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS:
fc' =
fy =
tension bar cover =
comp. bar cover =

25
285
50
50

MPa
MPa
mm
mm

Clear Span = 19.55 m

main bar f = 25 mm
stirrup f = 10 mm

Step 1. Compute Design Constants

b = 0.85
rb = 0.0430
rmax = 0.0250
rmin = 0.00491
Assume r = 0.013
w = 0.1425
R1 = 3.26 MPa
Step 2. Determine Beam Dimension at Midspan
Assume b = d/2
d= 678.29 mm
Use d = 700 mm
b = 350 mm
Use b = 400 mm

Therefore Use 400mm x 750mm BEAM

Solve for rreal:
R2 = 2.598 MPa
rreal = 0.00995
As = 2786.25 sq. mm.

N=

pcs. of 25mm bars

Check for Spacing:

s = 30.00 mm O.K. (1-LAYER)
s = 112.50 mm O.K. (2-LAYER)

Therefore Use 2pcs. of 25mm bars for Top Bars

and Use 6pcs. of 25mm bars for Bottom Bars

LOAD DATA:
(-) Mmax = 125.56 kN-m
(+) Mmax =
0
kN-m
(+) Mmid = 458.211 kN-m
Vmax = 146.79 kN
wu = 12.007 kN/m
Check for Crack Control:
Cc = 37.5 mm
fs =
171 MPa
s=
430 mm
Therefore Safe from CRACKS!!!

Vmid =

100

Check for Spacing:

s = O.K. (1-LAYER)
s = O.K. (2-LAYER)

Step 3. Compute Flexural Steel at Supports

Mu = 125.56 kN-m
w = 0.029
r = 0.00491
As = 1375.44 sq. mm.

N=
3
pcs. of 25mm bars
Therefore Use 3pcs. of 25mm bars for Top Bars
and Use 3pcs. of 25mm bars for Bottom Bars
Step 4. Locate the Point of Inflection
Let x = distance of Point of Inflection from the Face of Supports
x = 1.11 m
Step 5. Compute for Shear Reinforcements
"d" distance from the face of supports
Vu = 138.3851 kN
fVc/2 = 99.16667 kN
STIRRUPS ARE NEEDED

kN

Continuation for Shear Reinforcements

Vc = 233.33 kN
Vs = -70.53 kN
Av = 157.08 sq. mm.
s = -440 mm
s mid = -270
Spacing of Hoops at Confined Zone:
s = 170 mm O.C.
1 @ 50 mm, 9 @ 170 mm O.C.
Spacing of Hoops Beyond Confined Zone:
s = 350 mm O.C.
REST @ 350 mm O.C.
Step 6. Check if all steel yields
(-) As = 2945.2
(+) As = 1472.6
(-) a = 98.75
(+) a = 49.38
(-) c = 116.18
(+) c = 58.09
yield strain = 0.00143 mm/mm
(-) steel strain = 0.01508 mm/mm STEEL YIELDS
(+) steel strain = 0.03315 mm/mm STEEL YIELDS

Step 8. Calculate Development Lengths

For Top Bars:
a=
1.3
(Top Bars)
b=
1
(Uncoated Bar)
ab =
1.3
l=
1
(Normal Weight Concrete)
Ld = 1200 mm
min. Ld =
300
mm
req'd Ld = 1200 mm
For Bottom Bars:
a=
1
(Bottom Bars)
b=
1
(Uncoated Bar)
ab =
1
l=
1
(Normal Weight Concrete)
Ld =
900
mm
min. Ld =
300
mm
req'd Ld =
900
mm
Step 9. Length of Hooks (for Tension Bars Only)
Lhb =
400
mm

Step 7. Verify if Skin Reinforcement is Required

Step 10. Extension Beyond the Point of Inflection
NO Skin Reinforcement
Let Le = Length of Extension Beyond the Point of Inflection.
Nsk =
0.0
pcs.
Le = 1221.875 mm
Nsk =
0.0
increase no.
Therefore Use 0 - 25mm bars @ -350mm O.C. on each side!!!

DESIGN OF BEAMS FOR DOUBLY-REINFORCED

BEAM DESIGNATION:

B-1

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS:
fc' =
fy =
tension bar cover =
comp. bar cover =

21
278
50
50

MPa
MPa
mm
mm

Clear Span =
9 m
main bar f = 20 mm
stirrup f = 10 mm

LOAD DATA:
(-) Mmax =
(+) Mmax =
(+) Mmid =
Vmax =
wu =

BEAM DIMENSIONS:

206
245
245
100
10

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m
kN
kN/m

b=
d=
H=

Step 1. Compute Design Constants

b = 0.85
rb = 0.0373
rmax = 0.0250
rmin = 0.00504

Check for Crack Control:

Cc =
40.0
mm
fs =
166.8
MPa
s=
440
mm
Therefore Safe from CRACKS!!!

Step 2. Verification for Doubly-Reinforced Design

Mu =
245 kN-m
w = 0.1953
r = 0.01476
USE SINGLY-REINFORCED

Step 4. Determine Beam Dimension at Supports

Mu =
206
kN-m
w=
0.1605
r = 0.01213
USE r = 0.01213
As = 1818.85 sq. mm.

Step 3. Determine Beam Dimension at Midspan

N=

300 mm
500 mm
mm

pcs. of 20mm bars

In order that all steel will yield.

Let (r - r') =
(r - r') =
As1 =
a=
M1 =
M2 =
As2 =
As =

N=
N' =

rb / 2
0.0186
2797.24
145.22
299.12
-54.12
-480.67
2316.57

8
2

O.K.
sq. mm.
mm
kN-m
kN-m
sq. mm.
sq. mm.

pcs. of 20mm bars

pcs. of 20mm bars

Check for Spacing (Tension Steel):

s = 5.71 mm N.G. (1-LAYER)
s = 40.00 mm O.K. (2-LAYER)
Check for Spacing (Comp.Steel):
s = 160.00 mm O.K. (1-LAYER)
s = #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Therefore Use 2pcs. of 20mm bars for Top Bars

and Use 8pcs. of 20mm bars for Bottom Bars

Therefore Use 6pcs. of 20mm bars for Top Bars

and Use 7pcs. of 20mm bars for Bottom Bars
Step 4. Locate the Point of Inflection
Let x = distance of Point of Inflection from the Face of Supports
x=
1.18
m
Step 5. Compute for Shear Reinforcements
"d" distance from the face of supports
Vu =
95
kN
fVc/2 =
48.69
kN
STIRRUPS ARE NEEDED
Vc =
114.56 kN
Vs =
-2.80
kN
Av =
157.08 sq. mm.
s=
-7790
mm

Continuation for Shear Reinforcements

Spacing of Hoops at Confined Zone:
s=
120
mm O.C.
1 @ 50 mm,
9 @ 120 mm O.C.
Spacing of Hoops Beyond Confined Zone:
s=
250
mm O.C.
REST @ 250 mm O.C.
Step 6. Check if all steel yields
(-) As = 2513.27
(+) As = 1884.96
(-) a =
130.47
(+) a = 97.86
(-) c =
153.50
(+) c = 115.12

yield strain =
(-) steel strain =
(+) steel strain =
(-) comp. steel strain =

0.00139
0.0068
0.0100
-0.0009

1.3
1
1.3
1
1000
300
1000

(-) As' =
(-) a' =
(-) c' =

mm/mm
mm/mm STEEL YIELDS
mm/mm STEEL YIELDS
mm/mm STEEL YIELDS

Step 7. Calculate Development Lengths

For Top Bars:
a=
b=
ab =
l=
Ld =
min. Ld =
req'd Ld =

For Bottom Bars:

a=
1
b=
1
ab =
1
l=
1
Ld =
800
min. Ld =
300
req'd Ld =
800

(Top Bars)
(Uncoated Bar)
(Normal Weight Concrete)
mm
mm
mm

628.32
32.62
38.37

(Bottom Bars)
(Uncoated Bar)
(Normal Weight Concrete)
mm
mm
mm

Step 8. Length of Hooks (for Tension Bars Only)

Lhb =
300
mm
Step 9. Extension Beyond the Point of Inflection
Let Le = Length of Extension Beyond the Point of Inflection.
Le = 562.5 mm
Step 10. Verify if Skin Reinforcement is Required
NO Skin Reinforcement !!!
Nsk =
0.0
pcs.
Nsk =
3.0
increase no.
Therefore Use 3 - 20mm bars @ 90mm O.C. on each side!!!

DESIGN OF BEAMS FOR DOUBLY-REINFORCED (IF COMPRESSION STEEL DOES NOT YIELD)
BEAM DESIGNATION:

B-1

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS:
fc' =
fy =
tension bar cover =
comp. bar cover =

21
415
75
50

MPa
MPa
mm
mm

Clear Span =
main bar f =
stirrup f =

LOAD DATA:
6
25
10

m
mm
mm

(-) Mmax =
(+) Mmax =
(+) Mmid =
Vmax =
wu =

BEAM DIMENSIONS:

2000
500
1000
150
60

kN-m
kN-m
kN-m
kN
kN/m

b=
d=
H=

Step 1. Compute Design Constants

b=
0.85
rb = 0.0216
rmax = 0.0162
rmin = 0.00337

Check for Crack Control:

Cc =
62.5
mm
fs =
249
MPa
s=
220
mm
Therefore Safe from CRACKS!!!

Step 2. Verification for Doubly-Reinforced Design

Mu = 2000 kN-m
w = 0.4608
r = 0.02332
USE DOUBLY REINFORCED

Step 4. Determine Beam Dimension at Midspan

Mu =
1000
kN-m
w = 0.1748
r = 0.00884
USE r = 0.00884
As = 3847.41 sq. mm.

Step 3. Determine Beam Dimension at Supports

N=

600
725
800

mm
mm
mm

pcs. of 25mm bars

In order that all steel will yield.

Let (r - r') =
(r - r') =
As1 =
a=
M1 =
M2 =
As2 =
As =

N=
N' =

rb / 2
0.0108
4700.60
182.14
1112.97
887.03
3518.38
8218.98

17
9

O.K.
sq. mm.
mm
kN-m
kN-m
sq. mm.
sq. mm.

pcs. of 25mm bars

pcs. of 25mm bars

Check for Spacing (Tension Steel):

s=
4.69 mm N.G. (1-LAYER)
s = 34.38 mm O.K. (2-LAYER)
Check for Spacing (Comp.Steel):
s = 34.38 mm O.K. (1-LAYER)
s = 93.75 mm O.K. (2-LAYER)

Therefore Use 17pcs. of 25mm bars for Top Bars

and Use 9pcs. of 25mm bars for Bottom Bars

Therefore Use 2 pcs. of 25mm bars for Top Bars

and Use 8pcs. of 25mm bars for Bottom Bars
Step 4. Locate the Point of Inflection
Let x = distance of Point of Inflection from the Face of Supports
x=
1.27
m
Step 5. Compute for Shear Reinforcements
"d" distance from the face of supports
Vu =
106.5
kN
fVc/2 = 141.20 kN
PROVIDE MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENTS
Vc = 332.24 kN
Vs = -206.94 kN
Av = 157.08 sq. mm.
s=
-220
mm

Continuation for Shear Reinforcements

Spacing of Hoops at Confined Zone:
s=
180
mm O.C.
1 @ 50 mm,
9 @ 180 mm O.C.
Spacing of Hoops Beyond Confined Zone:
s=
360
mm O.C.
REST @ 360 mm O.C.
Step 6. Check if all steel yields
(-) As = 8344.86
(+) As = 3926.99
(-) a = 323.35
(+) a = 152.17
(-) c = 380.42
(+) c = 179.02

yield strain = 0.00208

(-) steel strain = 0.0027
(+) steel strain = 0.0091
(-) comp. steel strain = 0.0023

For Bottom Bars:

a=
1
b=
1
ab =
1
l=
1
Ld = 1400
min. Ld =
300
req'd Ld = 1400
(-) As' =
(-) a' =
(-) c' =

4417.86
171.19
201.40

1.3
1
1.3
1
1800
300
1800

(Top Bars)
(Uncoated Bar)
(Normal Weight Concrete)
mm
mm
mm

(Normal Weight Concrete)

mm
mm
mm

Step 8. Length of Hooks (for Tension Bars Only)

Lhb =
600
mm
Step 9. Extension Beyond the Point of Inflection
Let Le = Length of Extension Beyond the Point of Inflection.
Le =
725
mm

mm/mm
mm/mm STEEL YIELDS
mm/mm STEEL YIELDS
mm/mm STEEL YIELDS

Step 10. Verify if Skin Reinforcement is Required

NO Skin Reinforcement !!!
Nsk =
0.0
pcs.
Nsk =
0.0
increase no.
Therefore Use 0 - 25mm bars @ -360mm O.C. on each side!!!

Step 7. Calculate Development Lengths

For Top Bars:
a=
b=
ab =
l=
Ld =
min. Ld =
req'd Ld =

(Bottom Bars)
(Uncoated Bar)

IF COMPRESSION STEEL DOES NOT YIELD

fs' = 600(c - 50)/c
As2 = 6387.27(c - 50)/c
As1 = 8344.86c - 6387.27(c - 50)/c
cAs1 = 1957.59c + 319363.71
cAs1 = 21.94c^2
Equate cAs1:
21.94c^2 -1957.59c -319363.71 = 0
By Q.F.:
c=

173.25 mm

a=
As1 =
As2 =
M1 =
M2 =
Mu =

147.26
3800.96
4543.902
924.723
1145.575

mm
sq. mm.
sq. mm.
kN-m
kN-m
2070.3 kN-m SAFE!!!