Zadatak A.

Odredi parcijalne izvode prvog reda slediih funkcija:

1. z = x3 + 3y 2
2. z = xy
3. z = x2 y 2 3x + 5y 7
4. z =

y
x

5. z =

xy
x+y

6. z = ln (x y)
2

7. z = ex

8. z = ex+2y x2
9. z = ex2y (x2 y)

Rexee Zadatka A:
1. zx = (x3 + 3y 2 )0x = (x3 )0x + (3y 2 )0x = 3x2 + 0 = 3x2
zy = (x3 + 3y 2 )0y = (x3 )0y + (3y 2 )0y = 0 + 6y = 6y
2. Prvi naqin (izvod proizvoda):
zx0 = (xy)0x = (x)0x y + x(y)0x = 1y + x0 = y
zy0 = (xy)0y = (x)0y y + x(y)0y = 0y + x1 = x
Drugi naqin (prepisati konstantu...):
zx0 = (xy)0x = (x)0x y = y
zy0 = (xy)0y = x(y)0y = x
3. zx0 = (x2 )0x y 2 3(x)0x + (5y)0x (7)0x = 2xy 2 3 + 0 0 = 2xy 2 3
zy0 = x2 (y 2 )0y (3x)0y + 5(y)0y (7)0y = 2x2 y 0 + 5 0 = 2xy 2 + 5
4. Prvi naqin (izvod koliqnika):
zx0 =

(y)0x xy(x)0x
x2

0xy1
x2

y
x2

zy0 =

(y)0y xy(x)0y
x2

1xy0
x2

x
x2

1
x

Drugi naqin (prepisivae konstante)

zx0 = y( x1 )0x = y(x1 )0x = yx2 = xy2
zy0 = x1 (y)0y =

1
x

5. zx0 =

(xy)0x (x+y)(xy)(x+y)0x
(x+y)2

(x+y)(xy)
(x+y)2

zy0 =

(xy)0y (x+y)(xy)(x+y)0y
(x+y)2

(x+y)(xy)
(x+y)2

6. zx0 =

1
xy (x

y)0x =

1
xy

zy0 =

1
xy (x

y)0y =

1
xy

2y
(x+y)2

2x
(x+y)2

7. zx0 = ex

zy0 = ex

(x2 y)0x = 2xex

(x2 y)0y = ex

8. zx0 = (ex+2y )0x x2 + ex+2y (x2 )0x = ex+2y (x + 2y)0x x2 + 2xex+2y = ex+2y +
2xex+2y = ex+2y (1 + 2x)
zy0 = (ex+2y )0y x2 = ex+2y (x + 2y)0y x2 = 2x2 ex+2y
9. zx0 = ex2y (x 2y)0x (x2 y) + ex2y (x2 y)0x = ex2y (x2 y) + 2xex2y =
ex2y (x2 y + 2x)
zy0 = ex2y (x 2y)0y (x2 y) + ex2y (x2 y)0y = ex2y (x2 y) ex2y =
ex2y (x y + 1)

Zadatak B. Odredi parcijalne izvode drugog reda

1. z = x3 + xy + y 2
2. z = xy 2 + x2 y + x2 + y 2
3. y = ln(x + 2y)
Rexee Zadatka B:
00
00
00
00
1. zx0 = 3x2 + y, zy0 = x + 2y, zxx
= 6x, zxy
= 1, zyx
= 1, zyy
=2
00
00
= 2y + 2x,
= 2y + 2, zxy
2. zx0 = y 2 + 2xy + 2x, zy0 = 2xy + x2 + 2y, zxx
00
00
zyx = 2y + 2x, zyy = 2x + 2
1
3. zx0 = x+2y
, zy0 =
4
00
zyy
= (x+2y)3

2
x+2y ,

1
2
2
00
00
00
= (x+2y)
zxx
2 , zxy = (x+2y)2 , zyx = (x+2y)2 ,

Zadatak V:Odredi lokalne ekstreme funkcija

1. z = x3 + xy 2 6xy
2. z = x4 + y 4 (x y)2
3. z =

8
x

x
y

+y

4. z = x3 + xy + y 3
Rexee Zadatka V:
V1.

zx0 = 3x2 + y 2 6y = 0
zy0 = 2xy 6x = 0
3x2 + y 2 6y = 0
2x(y 3) = 0
3x2 + y 2 6y = 0
x=0y =3
3x2 + y 2 6y = 0
3x2 + y 2 6y = 0
x=0
y=3
y 2 6y = 0
3x2 + 9 18 = 0
x=0
y=3
y(y 6) = 0
x2 = 3
x=0
y = 3

y =0y =6
x= 3x= 3
x=0
y=3

Stacionarne taqke: A1 (0, 0), A2 (0, 6), A3 ( 3, 3), A4 ( 3, 3)

00
00
00
zxx
= 6x, zxy
= 2y 6, zyy
= 2x
A1 (0, 0): r = 0, s = 6, t = 0, = 36. Nema ekstrema
A2 (0,
6): r = 0, s= 6, t = 0, =36. Nema ekstrema
3, 3): r = 6 3,
s = 0, t = 2 3, = 36. Minimum
A3 (
A4 ( 3, 3): r = 6 3, s = 0, t = 2 3, = 36. Maksimum

V2.
zx0 = 4x3 2(x y) = 0/ : 2
zy0 = 4y 3 2(x y)(1) = 0/ : 2
2x3 x + y = 0/ $
2y 3 + x y = 0
2x3 x + y = 0
2x3 + 2y 3 = 0
2x3 x + y = 0 = 0
x3 = y 3
2x3 x + y = 0
x = y
2x3 x x = 0
2x3 2x = 0
2x(x2 1) = 0
x1 = 0, x2 = 1, x3 = 1
y1 = 0, y2 = 1, y3 = 1
Stacionarne taqke: A1 (0, 0), A1 (1, 1), A3 (1, 1)
00
00
zxx
= 12x2 2, zxy = 2, zyy
= 12y 2 2
A1 (0, 0): r = 2, s = 2, t = 2, = 0.Kriterijum ne daje odgovor
A1 (1, 1)): r = 10, s = 2, t = 10, = 96. Minimum
A3 (1, 1): r = 10, s = 2, t = 10, = 96. Minimum

V3.
Uslov:x 6= 0 i y 6= 0

zx0 = x82 + y1 = 0/ x2 y
zy0 = yx2 + 1 = 0/ y 2
8y + x2 = 0
x + y 2 = 0
8y + x2 = 0
x = y2
8y + y 4 = 0
y(8 + y 3 ) = 0
y1 = 0(odbacujemo) y2 = 2
Stacionarne taqke: A1 (4, 2)
00
00
00
zxx
= x163 , zxy
= y12 , zyy
= 2x
y3

1
A1 (8, 8): r = 2, s = 4 , t = 1, =

31
16

Minimum

V4.
zx0 = 3x2 + y = 0/ x
zy0 = x + 3y 2 = 0/ y
3x3 + xy = 0/ 1 $
xy + 3y 3 = 0
3x3 + xy = 0
3y 3 3x3 = 0
3x3 + xy = 0
x=y
3x3 + x2 = 0
x2 (3x + 1) = 0
x1 = 0, x2 = 13
y1 = 0, y2 = 13
Stacionarne taqke:A1 (0, 0), A2 ( 13 , 13 )
00
00
00
zxx
= 6x, zxy
= 1, zyy
= 6y
A1 (0, 0):r = 0, s = 1, t = 0, = 1. NEma ekstrema
A2 ( 13 , 13 ): r = 2, s = 1, t = 2, = 3. Maksimum.

Zadatak G.: Odrediti uslovne eksttreme

1. z = x2 + y 2
2. z = xy

x+

y
2

=1

x2 + y 2 4x + 4y = 0

3. z = x + 8y
4. z = x3 + y 3 + 8

x4 + y 4 = 17
x2 + y 2 = 8

Rexee zadatka G:
G1.
F = x2 + y 2 + (x + y2 1)

Fx0 = 2x + = 0
Fy0 = 2y + 2 = 0
F0 = x + y2 1 = 0
= 2x
= 4y
x + y2 1 = 0
x = 2y
x + y2 1 = 0
2y + y2 = 1
y = 25
Stacionarna taqka: A1 ( 45 , 25 ) i 1 = 85
00
00
00
Fxx
= 2, Fxy
= 0, Fyy
=2
8
4 2
A1 ( 5 , 5 ), 1 = 5 : d2 F (A1 ) = 2dx2 + 2dy 2 > 0. Minimum

G2.
F = xy + (x2 + y 2 4x + 4y)
Fx0 = y + (2x 4) = 0
Fy0 = x + (2y + 4) = 0
F0 = x2 + y 2 4x + 4y = 0
y
= 2x4
x
= 2y+4
x2 + y 2 4x + 4y = 0
y
x
2x4 = 2y+4
2
2
x + y 4x + 4y = 0
2y 2 + 4y = 2x2 4x/ : 2
x2 + y 2 4x + 4y = 0
y 2 + 2y x2 + 2x = 0
x2 + y 2 4x + 4y = 0
(y x)(x + y) + 2(x + y) = 0
x2 + y 2 4x + 4y = 0
(x + y)(y x + 2) = 0
x2 + y 2 4x + 4y = 0
x+y =0yx+2=0
x2 + y 2 4x + 4y = 0
x+y =0
yx+2=0
x2 + y 2 4x + 4y = 0 x2 + y 2 4x + 4y = 0
y = x
y =x2
2x2 8x = 0
x2 + (x 2)2 4x + 4(x
2) = 0
x1 = 0, x2 = 4
...x3 = 1 +
3, x4 = 1 3
y1 = 0, y2 = 4
...y3 = 1 + 3, y4 = 1 3
1 = 0, 2 = 1
...3 = 21 , 4 = 12
0
0
Fxx = 2, Fxy = 1, Fyy = 2
A1 (0, 0): d2 F (A1 ) = 2dxdy, iz uslova: (2x 4)dx + (2y + 4)dy = 0
(**), a u taqki A1 , ta veza je 4dx + 4dy = 0, tj. dx = dy.Tako da:
d2 F (A1 ) = 2dx2 > 0, minimum zmin = 0
A2 (4, 4): d2 F (A2 ) = 2dx2 + 2dxdy + 2dy 2 , iz(**) u A2 (4, 4) vai
4dx 4dy = 0, tj.dx = dy. Tako da: d2 F (A2 ) = 6dx2 > 0, minimum

zmin = 16

A3 (1 + 3, 1 + 3): d2 F (A3 ) = dx2 + 2dxdy dy 2 = (dx xy)2 < 0,

maksimum
zmax = 2
A4 (1 3, 1 3): d2 F (A4 ) = dx2 + 2dxdy dy 2 = (dx xy)2 < 0,
maksimum zmax = 2

G3.
F = x + 8y + (x4 + y 4 17)
Fx0 = 1 + 4x3 = 0
Fy0 = 8 + 4y 3 = 0
F0 = x4 + y 4 17 = 0
= 4x1 3
= 4y83
x4 + y 4 17 = 0
8
1
4x3 = 4y 3
4
4
x + y 17 = 0
...y = 2x
x4 + y 4 17 = 0
x4 + 16x4 17 = 0
x = 1, y = 2, = 14
Fxx = 12x2 , Fxy = 0, Fyy = 12y 2
A1 (1, 2), = 41 : dF (A1 ) = 3dx2 +48dy 2 , iz uslova: 4x3 dx+4y 3 dy = 0,
a u A1 (1, 2) vai ...dx = 8dy, tako da... d2 F (A1 ) = 144dx2 , maksimum
zmax = 17.

Zadatak D.: Odrediti apsolutme ekstreme

1. z = xy

A(0, 6), B(12, 12), C(8, 2)

2. z = x2 + xy + y 2

A(8, 10), B(10, 2), C(8, 16)

Rexee zadatka D:
D 1.
I zx0 = y = 0 i zy0 = x = 0, stacionarna taqka je (0, 0)i pripada
trouglu. z1 = z(0, 0) = 0
II z2 = z(0, 6) = 0, z3 = z(12, 12) = 144, z4 = z(8, 2) = 16
III p(AB): y = 32 x + 6, x (12, 0), z = x( 32 x + 6) = 32 x2 + 6x. z 0 =
3x + 6 = 0, x = 3 (12, 0). U x = 2 prvi izvod mea znak tako da
z5 (2, 3) = 6
p(AC): y = x+6, x (0, 8), z = x(x+6) = x2 +6x. z 0 = 2x+6 = 0,
x = 3 (0, 8). U x = 3 prvi izvod mea znak tako da z6 (3, 3) = 9
p(BC): y = 12 x 6, x (12, 8), z = x( 12 x 6) = 12 x2 6x. z 0 = x 6 = 0,
x = 6 (12, 8). U x = 6 prvi izvod mea znak tako da z7 (6, 3) = 18
IV zmin = z(6, 3) = 18, zmax = z(12, 12) = 144
6

D 2.
I zx0 = 2x + y = 0 i zy0 = x + 2y = 0, stacionarna taqka je (0, 0) i ne
pripada trouglu.
II z1 = z(8, 10) = 84, z2 = z(10, 2) = 84, z3 = z(8, 16) = 192
7 2
14
196
0
III p(AB): y = 23 x + 14
3 , x (8, 10),... z = 9 x 9 x + 9 . z =
14
14
9 x 9 = 0, x = 1 (8, 10). U x = 1 prvi izvod mea znak tako da
z4 (1, 4) = 21
p(AC): x = 8, y (10, 16),...z = 64 8y + y 2 . z 0 = 8 + 2y = 0, y = 4
ne pripada (10, 16).
p(BC): y = x + 8, x (8, 10),...z = x2 8x + 64. z 0 = 2x 8 = 0,
x = 4 (810). U x = 4 prvi izvod mea znak tako da z5 (4, 4) = 48
IV zmin = z(1, 4) = 21, zmax = z(8, 16) = 192