TNG QUAN V THU NHN S LIU

Trc khi ci t mt h thng thu nhn s liu no , chng ta cn hiu cc i lng vt

l bn mun o lng, nhng c tnh ca i lng vt l , loi cm bit thch hp s
dng o lng v phn cng ca h thng thu nhn s liu thch hp s dng.
Mc ch ca chng ny gii thiu vi chng ta mt s ch dn v vic thc hin o
lng vi mt h thng thu nhn s liu. Nhng thng tin cung cp c th tr gip bn trong
vic tm hiu cc vn quan tm pha di, v hiu v cc c tnh k thut ca cc phn
lin quan n phn cng bn s dng. Cc phn gm nhng th sau y:
Gii phu v thu nhn s liu: Thc hin cc nhim v vi mi mt th nghim trong mt
th nghim mi.
H thng thu nhn s liu: Thnh phn c trng bin son ra mt h thng thu nhn s
liu.
H thng con u vo tng t: H thng phn cng con th chuyn i (s ha) tn hiu
o lng thc t sang dng s m my tnh c th x l.
Kim nh cht lng o lng: Ti a ha chnh xc v tnh ng n, ti thiu ha
nhiu v to s ph hp gia phm vi (range) ca cm bin vi phm vi ca phn cng
Cc ti liu tham kho: Ngun ti nguyn khi mun m rng thm cc thng tin.

Anatomy of a Data Acquisition Experiment (Gii phu v h thng thu nhn s liu th
nghim)
Vi mt h thng thu nhn s liu th nghim bn cn thc hin cc cng vic:
Ci t h thng.
- Tin hnh ci t phn cng v phn mm. Sau khi ci t xong c th lp cm bin.
Hiu chnh h thng.
- Sau khi ci t v lp cm bin ta tin hnh hiu chnh. iu ny cho php ta bit c v
u vo h thng v nhng bn ghi v u ra (mt s thit b s t ng lm phn ny)
Chy th.
- Sau khi hiu chnh ton b h thng ta tin hnh thu thp th s liu, do khi hot ng thc
t cm bin c th ghi li nhng mc nhiu khng tt v php o ny cho php ta a nhng
tn hiu v cc b lc loi b i cc thnh phn tn s khng mong mun.
The Data Acquisition System (H thng thu nhn s liu)

Phn cng thu nhn s liu (Data acquisition hardware): Ht nhn ca mt h thng thu
nhn s liu. Chc nng chnh ca thnh phn ny l chuyn i t tn hiu tng t sang s
v ngc li.
Cm bin v kch thch (b chuyn i: cho php bin thin i lng ny sang s bin
thin i lng khc): Thnh phn gip chuyn i mt i lng ny thnh i lng khc.
Phn cng iu ha tnh hiu: Thnh phn gip tng thch gia tn hiu ca cm bin vi
thnh phn thu nhn tn hiu.

My tnh: S dng x l, ng h h thng, rng trong truyn d liu, b nh v a

cng lu tr s liu.
Phn mm: Cho php chuyn i thng tin gia my tnh v phn cng (phn thc hin o
c).
Phn cng thu nhn s liu (Data acquisition hardware):
Thnh phn ny c th kt ni c vi my tnh thng qua cc cng m rng. Cc thnh
phn c bn ca mt phn cng bao gm cc h thng con (subsystems):
u vo tng t: Chuyn i tn hiu thc t cm bin sang dng bit c th c c bi
my tnh thng c bit ti di tn ADCs.
u ra tng t: Chuyn i tn hiu s c lu tr trong my tnh sang dng tn hiu
tng t o thc bng cm bin thng qua DACs .
u vo s/u ra s: c thit k dnh cho cc gi tr u vo v u ra dng s, tiu biu
ca chng l dng cc bit n hoc dng ng, dng cng.
B m/thit b tnh gi: s dng trong m s kin, tn s v chu k o lng v nhp ca
my pht.
Chng c th c tch hp trong cng mt bng (multifunction boards)

Cm bin (Sensor)
Chuyn i cc d thng vt l m ta quan tm thnh tnh hiu u vo ca phn thu
nhn s liu. Cc dng cm bin s dng da trn nhng d thng m ta o lng:

Trong ta cn ch hai c tnh quan trng nht ta cn quan tm l:

u ra ca sensor: C th l dng tn hiu tng t hoc dng s, v thng thng tn hiu

u ra l di dng tn hiu in th hoc l tn hiu dng.
Bin :
Tn s: Cn ch n tn s cao nht chng ta mun o lng, n cho php ta bit c s
lng mu ta s ly.
Chu k: Cho bit di ca mu ta mun ly.
Bng thng ca cm bin
Bng thng cho bit khong (range) ca tn s i din cho tn hiu c o lng. Ta c
th ngh rng bng thng c lin quan n t l ca s thay i tn hiu.
iu ha tn hiu (Signal conditioning):
Tn hiu t cm bin thng khng tng thch vi h thng tip nhn s liu. khc phc
tnh trng trn th tn hiu t cm bin cn phi c iu ha ty theo dng ca cm bin
c s dng. Nhng ch yu nm trong cc phn sau:
1. Khuch i: S khuch i thng c s dng vi cc tn hiu mc nh, kh quan
st. Tuy nhin i khi tn hiu mc cao cng cn c khuch i cho ph hp vi yu
cu ca u vo h thng thu nhn tn hiu tng t.
2. Lc: Lc cho php loi b cc nhiu hoc tn hiu khng quan tm n. i khi chng ta
phi s dng kt hp nhiu b lc khc nhau thu c tn hiu quan tm.
3. Cch ly in (electrical isolation): Khi tn hiu quan tm c cha c cc tn hiu thong
qua mc in p cao n c th gy h hi cho h thng x l do i hi phi cch
ly in gia tn hiu cm bin v my tnh vi mc ch an ton.
4. Hp knh: K thut thng thng o lng nhiu tn hiu cng mt lc bng nhng
thit b o lng n tn hiu (mi thit b ch nhn c 1 tn hiu).
5. Kch thch ngun: Mt vi cm bin yu cu phi c cc ngun kch thch c th hot
ng. H thng iu ha i vi cc sensor ny thng to ra cc dng kch thch cn thit
.
My tnh:
My tnh cung cp cho ta cng c x l, ng h h thng, bus truyn ti d liu v b
nh cng a lu tr s liu.
Vi x l iu khin mc ( nhanh) ca s liu c chp nhn bi thnh phn chuyn
i. ng h h thng to ra cc thng tin v thi gian v s liu c c thu v. Nhng
hiu bit v nhng dng tn hiu c cm bin ghi li l cha , chng ta cn bit thm c
v thi im n c ghi li.

S liu c truyn t phn cng n b nh h thng thng qua b nh tnh (DMA) hoc
b nh gin on.
Phn mm:
Phn mm cho php giao tip, iu khin phn cng, thu nhn cc thng tin, s liu, trng
thi ca phn cng. N cho php tch hp cc phn cng khc nhau vi mt h thng my
tnh nht nh. Cc dng phn mm chnh:
Phn mm iu khin.
Phn mm ng dng.

H thng con u vo tng t (The analog input subsystem)

H thng cho php chuyn i (s ha) tn hiu o lng thc sang tn hiu dng s - sau
c th c x l bng my tnh. Hm m h thng con tn hiu tng t u vo s dng
ly mu hoc lng t ha (s ha) tn hiu tng t s dng cho mt hay nhiu knh. Knh
l mt phn m tn hiu ca cm bin di chuyn qua.
Tn hiu tng t l lin tc theo thi gian v c bin lin tc. Qu trnh ly mu a ra
cc snapshot (nh chp tc thi) ca tn hiu ti nhng khong thi gian ri rc, trong khi
s lng t ha s phn chia cc gi tr in p (hoc dng) thnh nhng bin ri rc.
Ly mu:
Ly mu thc hin cc nh chp tc thi ca tn hiu cm bin ti cc khong thi gian ri
rc. Trong a s cc p dng th khong thi gian ly mu cch bit nhau l mt hng s. a
s cc chuyn i s, ly mu c thc hin bi cc mch SH (ly mu v gi mu). Mt
mch SH thng bao gm c mt b m tn hiu km theo bi mt cng tc in ni vi
mt t in. Hot ng ca n theo cc bc:
a ra mt tn hiu tc thi, kha in chuyn sang ni vi b m v t in ti u
vo.

T tch in cho in p u vo .
Qu trnh tch in cho n khi b chuyn i AD s ha tn hiu.
Nu c nhiu knh (hp knh) cc bc trn c thc hin vi mi mt knh.
Ton b nhng x l trn c lp li cho ln ly mu tc thi ln sau.
Phn cng ca khi ly mu c thit k da trn cch ly mu bao gm: qut phn cng
(scanning hardware) khi cc mu c ly mt cch tun t, v ly v gi mu ng thi
(simultaneous sample and hold)
Qut phn cng: Ly cc mu n l, chuyn i cc tn hiu sang gi tr dng s, sau
lp li i vi tt c cc knh s dng. Mt khc knh u vo c ly mu tun t. Vic
QUT c thc hin khi u vo l mt khi cc mu n.

Tuy nhin, nu chng ta s dng nhiu knh, chng ta khng th ly mu cng mt lc v

khong thi gian tn ti gia cc mu c ly t cc knh lin tip (gi l lch gia cc
knh khong thi gian m khi ly mu dng cho mi knh n trong mi ln ly mu).
Thm vo , t l ly mu cc i ca phn cng c ly thng l ly t t l in hnh
ca mt knh. Do t l ly mu cc i vi mi knh c ly theo :

Nu chng ta khng th chp nhn c s lch gia cc knh trong x l, ta nn s dng

phng php ly mu ng thi.

Phng php ny cho php ly mu vi tt c cc tn hiu u vo trong cng mt khong

thi gian v gi cc mu ny cho n khi b chuyn i A/D c th s ha ton b cc tn
hiu. tn s cao, n c th chuyn i A/D ri rc i vi tng knh. Dng chuyn i ny
khng gy ra s lch gia cc knh.

Lng t ha:
Sau khi c ly mu, tn hiu tng t c chuyn i t cc gi tr in th sang m nh
phn c th s dng i vi my tnh qu trnh chuyn i chnh xc nhng gi tr bin
ny c gi l lng t ha. Trong qu trnh lng t ha, b chuyn i A/D s s
dng nhng s hu hn ca vi nhng khong trng u nhau i din cho tn hiu
tng t. Nhng s ca nhng gi tr khc nhau i din cho s bit c s dng chuyn
i.

Sng sin tn s 1 Hz c lng t ha bi b chuyn i 3 bit

Li khi lng t ha: Thng th cc i ca li lng t ha bng 0.5 gi tr bit nh nht
c th hin v khi n vt qu gi tr ca gii hn u vo, trung bnh ca li lng t
ha l bng 0.

Phm vi u vo v phn cc:

Phm vi ca u vo (input range) ca khi u vo tng t l khong gi tr u vo (span
nhp khong thi gian t m u n kt thc) m qu trnh chuyn i c th thc
hin. Phm vi u vo c th thay i nu la chn gi tr khuch i (gain) khc nhau. Khi
m tn hiu u vo vt qu gi tr chp nhn ca phm vi u vo trong qu trnh chuyn
i th qu trnh vt qu gii hn xy ra. Trong trng hp ny th a s cc thit b s a
v trng thi bo ha l s i din cho gi tr ln nht ng ngha vi vic s liu chuyn
i s khng chnh xc.
Mt khi tn hiu tng t u vo c th chuyn i c tn hiu n cc v lng cc. Cc
tn hiu n cc ch bao gm cc gi tr tin cy v gi tr 0, trong khi tn hiu lng cc bao
gm c tn hiu khng tin cy, tn hiu m v tn hiu 0.

Trong nhiu trng hp tn hiu phn cc c th gip cha cc c im ca cm bin v

chng ta c th nh dng c phm vi u vo ph hp vi s phn cc ny.
Thu nhp ng h ly mu?

nh dng cc knh:
Chng ta c th nh dng cc knh u vo theo 2 hng:
Cc hng ny c chn da trn tiu tr khi no tn hiu u vo thay i hoc ni t
(bng 0 m)Khc bit gia hai thng ny l mt thng tn hiu khng ni t mt thng
c ni t
- Dng vi phn (dng vi sai sai khc nhau): Dng ny i hi hai tn hiu c a ra ng
thi vi mi mt tn hiu u vo mt tn hiu s lm nhim v u vo cn mt tn hiu
lm nhim v hi p. Qu trnh o lng s ghi li s sai khc v in th gia hai tn
hiu ng thi ny, iu ny s gip gim nhiu.

Cc dng thng dng loi ny:

+ Cc tn hiu c mc thp (di 1V)
+ Cc dy dn ni cc tn hiu di hn 10 feet
+ Tn hiu u vo yu cu cc tn hiu ring bit v im ni t hoc tn hiu hi p.
+ Dy dn tn hiu qua cc mi trng nhiu nhiu.
- Mt u ra: Vi dng ny th mi u vo s c s dng, u cn li c ni t. Qu
trnh o lng s b nh hng bi nhiu nhiu hn dng vi phn do c nhiu phn tn hiu
khc nhau:

Truyn s liu t phn cng vo b nh h thng:

Theo cc bc sau:

1. Thu nhn cc s liu c lu tr trong b nh m first-in first-out

2. S liu c truyn t b nh m FIFO n b nh h thng thng qua DMA hoc
interrupt.
B nh m FIFO:
B nh ny c s dng lu tr tm thi nhng s liu thu c, nhng s liu ny s
c gi tm thi cho ti khi chng c th c truyn n b nh h thng.Nhng bc
thc hin trong vic truyn d liu vo trong v ra khi b nh m FIFO theo nhng bc:
1. B nh m FIFO lu gi cc mu mi c thu nhn theo nhng khong thi gian ly
mu l hng s.
2. Trc khi b nh m y, phn mm s bt u loi b dn cc mu.
3. Qu trnh ph d (interrupt) hoc chng trnh DMA c th iu khin cng vic chuyn
d liu trong vi giy, cc s liu thm vo c th c lu tr li nhm mc ch phc hi.
4. Cc mu c truyn ti b nh h thng thng qua BUS h thng. Sau khi thc hin qu
trnh ny th phn mm lc ny s c th thc hin cc cng vic ca ln truyn tip theo.
Qu trnh ph d (interrupt)
L phng php chm nht nhng l c bn nht trong vic chuyn cc s liu c thu
nhn ti b nh h thng l to ra qu trnh ph d cc s liu yu cu (IRQ). Qu trnh
ny c thc hin khi tin hnh ly mu, n c thc hin theo cc bc:
1. Khi nhng s liu sn sng truyn, CPU s dng tt c cc cng vic ang thc hin
v chuyn sang ch chy cc chng trnh c bit thng s dng lu tr li nhng
ng k ca thit b hin ti li, sau b tr chng truy cp vo bng.
2. S liu c gii nn t bng (board) v xc nh v tr trong b nh h thng.
3. Nhng ng k ca thit b c lu tr, v CPU chuyn sang ch ph d nguyn thy.
Nhng s liu thc c chuyn rt nhanh, nhng chng cn rt nhiu thi gian s dng v
vic ghi nh, ci t v hi phc cc thng tin c ng k. Tuy nhin ty thuc vo cc h
thng m ta s dng th truyn s liu qua qu trnh ph d khng phi l la chn tt nu
qu trnh ly mu c tn s ln hn khong 5 kHz.
DMA (Truy cp trc tip vo b nh)
Truy cp trc tip vo b nh l h thng m qu trnh ly mu t ng lu tr vo b nh
h thng trong khi thnh phn x l lm cng vic khc theo cc bc:
1. Khi s liu sn sng cho qu trnh chuyn i, th bng s trc tip thc hin DMA iu
khin qu trnh truyn vo b nh h thng ngay khi c th.

2. Ngay khi CPU c th thc hin cng vic (thng rt nhanh), n s dng qu trnh tng
tc vi phn thu nhn s liu, v DMA iu khin ton b qu trnh chuyn s liu trc
tip vo b nh.
3. DMA s iu khin vic sn sng cho ln ly mu tip theo bng vic xc nh v tr b
nh tip theo s c dng lu s liu.
4. Cc bc trn s c thc hin lp i lp li m khng cn s tng tc gia CPU v
bng.
My tnh s h tr rt nhiu cc knh DMA khc nhau, ph thuc vo phn mm ta s dng,
ta c th s dng mt hoc nhiu knh.
To cht lng ca qu trnh o lng
Chng ta cn o lng nhng tn hiu c to ra bi cm bin ti cc t l ring. c
c nhng o lng c cht lng cao, ta cn lm theo cc quy tc sau:
Ti a chnh xc v tnh ng n.
Ti thiu nhiu.
Lm cho phm vi ca cm bin ph hp vi phm vi ca A/D
Ti a chnh xc v tnh tp trung
chnh xc (accuracy) ca php o lng i din cho mc t n ngng gi tr thc
ca i lng cn o ca tn hiu thu c. Do n biu th s ng n ca kt qu.
Trong khi s tp trung ca php o mang li cho ta c chnh xc kt qu c mang li
khng lin quan ti ngha ca kt qu. S tp trung tng i biu th s khng chc chn
trong php o lng trong mt phn ca kt qu.

Vi mi mt h thng tng t, chnh xc thng b gii hn bi cc li hiu chnh.

Trong khi tp trung thng b gii hn bi chuyn i A/D.

 chnh xc: i din cho s chp nhn c gia cht lng o lng v gi tr thc ca
php o .
tp trung: S c trng cho bit i in cho phn gii ca thit b i vi mt khi
tn hiu tng t. Nu s bit cng cao tnh chnh xc ca php o lng cng ln.
Mi quan h gia phm vi, khuch i v tnh chnh xc trong o lng:
Phm vi tn hiu thc = phm vi u vo/ khuch i.

Nhiu
Nhiu xut hin trong bt c mt php o lng no v khng phi l mt phn ca s kin
ta quan tm. Nhiu c th c to ra do thnh phn mang in ca u vo khuch i (ni
nhiu) hoc c th c thm vo tn hiu trong qu trnh di chuyn t u vo dy dn ti
b khuch i (ngoi nhiu).
Loi b ni nhiu: Ni nhiu sinh ra do hiu ng nhit trong b khuch i. B khuch i
to ra nhiu c vi microvolt nhiu ni, iu ny to ra gii hn phn gii ca tn hiu
mc . S lng ca nhiu thm vo tn hiu ph thuc vo bng thng ca u vo
khuch i. Do gim thiu nhiu ni ta cn chn bng thng ca khuch i tng ng
vi bng thng ca tn hiu u vo.
Loi b nhiu ngoi: Ngoi nhiu n nhiu ngun khc nhau. Nhiu thm vo trong
mch thu nhn s liu t cc ngun ngoi bi s liu ch yu hot ng di dng tn hiu
in. a s cc nhiu thng ti t tn hiu ca dy dn.
B lc: Chng c th gip loi b nhiu. Vi a s cc ng dng v thu nhn s liu th b
lc thng thp thng c p dng. Cc b lc lm mn theo l thuyt th ty theo cc t l
ly mu khc nhau ca h thng v c mi b lc s dng cho mt u vo tn hiu.
Ph hp phm vi ca cm bin vi phm vi ca A/D
Khi s liu ca cm bin c s ha bi b bin i A/D, ta cn quan tm n vn :

+ Phm vi mong i ca s liu c sinh ra bi cm bin. Phm vi ny ph tuc vo c

tnh vt l ca hin tng chng ta o lng v phm vi u ra ca cm bin.
+ Phm vi ca b bin i A/D. Trn l thuyt vi a s cc thit b th phm vi ca phn
cng c c trng bi khuch i v tnh phn cc.
Ta nn chn cm bin v phm vi phn cng thu c chnh xc cc i, v di ng
hc ca u vo tn hiu c bao hon ton.
Tc ly mu?
Khi m nhng tn hiu lin tc c ly mu, mt s thng tin ca tn hiu b mt. Mc ch
chnh ca vic ly mu l t l ly mu m tn hiu ta quan tm c c tn ha tt v
s lng cc thng tin b mt l t nht.
Rng ca xy ra khi tn hiu ly mu bao gm c thnh phn tn s ln hn mt na t l
ly mu. Thnh phn tn s s bt u xut hin t tn hiu ta quan tm trong trng hp
xy ra hin tng undersamping (ly mu khng y ) v ta cn tng t l ly mu. Thnh
phn tn s cng bt u t nhiu trong trng hp ta cn iu ha tn hiu thng qua s
dng b lc. Quy tc chng ta s dng ngn cn s rang ca c a ra bi l thuyt
Nyquist :
+ Mt tn hiu tng t c th c to lp li n l, khng c li, t php ly mu c
ly t khong thi gian bng nhau.
+ T l ly mu c th bng hoc ln hn hai ln thnh phn tn s ca tn hiu tng t.
Tn s ca mt na t l ly mu c gi l tn s Nyquist.
Tuy nhin nu nh tn hiu b ph hng bi nhiu th tn hiu s chuyn sang dng rng ca.

Loi tr xung rng ca?

L do chnh lm pht sinh ra xung rng ca l t l ly mu ca b chuyn i A/D v tn s
c bc l trong s liu ly mu. loi b xung rng ca ta nn thc hin:
+ Xc nh bng thng c ch ca php o lng.
+ Chn cm bin c bng thng va .
+ Chn b lc thng thp loi b xung rng ca c th loi b tt c cc tn s vt qu
ca bng thng .
+ Ly mu s liu vi t l ly mu t nht hai ln s vi tn s trn ca tn s cutoff.
-------------------------------------- Ht phn introduction --------------------------------------------

U RA TNG T
Mc ch ca khi ny l chuyn i s liu s c lu tr trong my tnh sang dng tn
hiu tng t thc. Board thu nhn s liu s dng u cm in hnh vi hai knh u ra
dng 12 bit phn gii. Tool thu nhn s liu c kt ni vi khi u ra tng t thng qua
mt i tng u ra tng t.
Mi mc ch ca phn ny l th hin cho chng ta vic lm th no thc hin vic thu
nhn s liu thng qua vic s dng phn cng u ra tng t. Cc phn gm:
- Bt u vi u ra tng t: a ra nhng tc v c bn vi phn cng u ra cho tng
t.
- Qun l s liu u ra: Xp xp thnh hng s liu trong b nh nhm mc ch cui cng
l u ra ca phn cng.
- Thit lp u ra tng t: Bt u a nhng s liu c xp xp vo phn cng.
- S kin v truy hi: Tng s lng u ra tng t thng qua s kin ha v truy hi.
- Chia t l tuyn tnh s liu: Thit lp cc n v c tnh k thut s liu u ra c
tuyn tnh.
- Bt u thc hin vi s lng ln thit b: M hnh ha vic s dng phn cng u ra
tng t v khi u vo tng t.
Bt u vi u ra tng t:
To mt bin i tng u ra tng t: Thng qua vic s dng hm u ra tng t
(analogoutput function). Analogoutput chp nhn tn adaptor (trang 2-7) hoc ID ca thit b
nh l i s u vo (xut hin vo lc ci t board). Mt s nh cung cp ID ca thit b
l nhng s ca thit b hoc s ca cc board. S dng hm daqhwinfo tm kim nhng
ID ca b chuyn i v ID ca thit b.
Mi mt bin i tng u ra tng t yu cu mt board v mt khi u ra tng t. V
d, ta to mt bin i tng u vo tng t vi board National Instruments vi ID thit
b 1:

Khi bin i tng s tn ti trong khi lm vic ca matlab, ta c th display ln mn

mnh bng hm whos:

Mt khi bin i tng u ra tng t c khi to, nhng c tnh c lit k di y

s t ng c gn.

Thm cc knh vo bin i tng u ra tng t

Sauk hi khi to bin i tng ta cn thm cc knh phn cng vo n. Khi tin hnh thm
cc knh ta cn lm theo cc bc:
Cc knh cn c ci t vi phn cng thit b ging nhau. Ta khng th thm cc knh t
cc thit b khc hoc t h thng con khc ca cng mt thit b.
Cc knh phi c ly mu cng mt t l ly mu.
Ta tin hnh thm knh thng qua hm addchannel:

i s u ra chnh l bin i tng knh i din cho knh c ng k ao:

Khi bn thm knh vo bin i tng, cc c tnh c lit k pha di s t ng

c thc hin.

Ta c th hin th cc gi tr v c tn ca knh ny thng qua hm get:

Cu hnh cc c tnh ca u ra tng t

Sau khi thm phn cng ca cc knh vo bin i tng u ra tng t, ta tin hnh cu
hnh cc gia tr c tnh.
Cc thuc tnh ta cu hnh ph thuc vo c tnh ring ca ng dng u ra tng t. Vi
rt nhiu cc ng dng thng thng, n l mt tp hp cc c tnh lin quan n nhng ci
t c bn m ta c th s dng. Nhng thit lp c bn cc c tnh ny s iu khin t l
ly mu v nh ngha dng trigger.

Thit t t l ly mu: Ta c th iu chnh t l h thng con chuyn i s liu dng

s sang dng tng t thng qua c tnh SampleRate. SampleRate c th c hiu l s
lng mu c ly trong 1s:

a s cc h thng con u ra tng t chp nhn vic ly mu ng thi ca cc knh. Do

t l ly mu cc i ca mi knh do t l cc i ca board quyt nh.
Sau khi ci t gi tr ca SampleRate ta c th tm gi tr thc t ca t l ly mu:

Nh mt s la chn, ta c th s dng hm setverify t c gi tr c tnh v hi p li

gi tr thc cn t.

Ta c th tm phm vi ca t l ly mu ng thng qua hm propinfo:

nh ngha trigger: Vi bin i tng u ra tng t th trigger nh ngha nh mt s

kin khi u t ngun (my) n phn cng u ra tng t. nh ngha trigger cho bin
i tng i hi chng ta phi la chn dng trigger iu ny c thc hin qua c tnh
TriggerType:

S liu u ra
Sau khi nh dng bin i tng, ta c th c c s liu u ra. N c thc hin qua
cc bc:
Xp xp cc s liu.

Trong putdata l hm hn ch - n ch cho php tip tc hot ng khi cc s liu nh

ngha ny c xp xp.
Bt u bin i tng u ra tng t.

Sau khi thc hin iu ny th c tnh Running s c chuyn sang ch On c bin

i tng thit b v phn cng thit b ty theo cc gi tr c thit c hoc c tnh
mc nh. Trong khi bin i tng thit b hot ng ta c th tip tc xp xp s liu.
Kt thc bin i tng u ra tng t: iu ny s c thc hin khi xut hin mt trong
cc iu kin:
+ Bn thc hin hm Stop
+ Cc s liu c xp xp sn sng cho u ra.
+ Hot ng ca phn cng xy ra li.
+ Tm ngh thc hin.
Khi bin i tng thit b dng li, cc c tnh Running v Sending s t ng chuyn
sang ch off. Lc ny ta c th nh dng li bin i tng thit b hoc ngay lp tc xp
xp thm cc s liu hoc yu cu mt lnh start khc s dng cc nh dng hin ti.
V d v u ra tng t
Vi a s cc ng dng thu nh s liu s dng h thng con u ra tng t, ta thc hin
theo cc bc:

Ci t cc thnh phn ca phn cng. mc thp nht s kt ni c thc hin di dng

cc plug-in hoc nhng thit b ngoi vi.
Thit t cc phn thu nhn s liu. N dn ti vic to ra cc bin i tng, thm cc
knh, ci t cc gi tr c trng v s dng cc hm tng ng vi u ra s liu.
u ra s liu vi Card m thanh:

Ta c th chy v d bng lnh daqdoc6_1 trong Matlab:

1. To bin i tng thit b - To bin A0 ny dng cho card m thanh. Cc gi tr tip
hp v ID phn cng s c tm thng qua daqhwinfo

2. Thm knh:

3. Thit t cc gi tr c tnh:

4. S liu u ra Khi ng A0, t trigger di dng th cng v i cho n khi bin

i tng thit b dng chy.

5. Lm sch Khi ta khng cn s dng n A0 ta loi b n khi vng lm vic ca

Matlab.

u ra s liu vi NIB:

Chy bng lnh daqdoc6_2:

1. To bin i tng thit b - To bin A0 ny dng cho card m thanh. Cc gi tr tip
hp v ID phn cng s c tm thng qua daqhwinfo

2. Thm knh:

3. Thit t cc gi tr c tnh:

4. S liu u ra Khi ng A0, t trigger di dng th cng v i cho n khi bin

i tng thit b dng chy.

5. Lm sch Khi ta khng cn s dng n A0 ta loi b n khi vng lm vic ca

Matlab.

nh gia cc trng thi ca bin i tng u ra tng t

Ta nh gi thng qua:
- Cc gi tr c iu hng li ca c tnh thc.
- nh gi s lc thng qua cc biu hin.

c tnh trng thi: Cc c tnh km theo trng thi ca bin i tng cho php ta c
nhng nh gi:
* Nu nh bin i tng hot ng.
* Nu nh s liu tr thnh u ra t ngun.
* S lng s liu c xp xp t ngun.
* S lng s liu chuyn v u ra t ngun.
Cc c tnh c lit k:

Khi s liu c sp xp ngun, SampleAvaibable c cp nht s lng cc mu c

sp xp vo mi knh. Khi start c khi ng, Running s chuyn sang trng thi On.
Khi trigger c khi ng, Sending t ng cp nht sang trng thi On v SamplesOutput
vn tip tc hot ng m s lng cc mu mi mt knh u ra t ngun n phn
cng. Thm vo SampleAvailable trng thi 0 v SampleOutput th hin tng s mu
ca mi knh c a ra u ra.
Cc biu hin s lc: Cc hin th bao gm:
* To bin i tng AO.
* Thm knh.
* Thit t cc gi tr c tnh s dng k hiu dng chm.
Ta c th hin th cc thng tin bng right-click vo toolbox v chn Explore-> Display
summary.
Cc thng tin s lc:
* Tham s u ra T l ly mu.
* Tham s trigger Dng trigger
* Cc trng thi ngun:
- Khi ngun gi s liu, i bt u hoc trigger.

- Tng thi gian sp xp a ra cc u ra c sp xp.

- S lng mu c sp xp bi putdata
- S lng cc mu c gi ti phn cng thit b.
Cc thng tin s lc v knh:
* S cc knh phn cng
* Tn cc knh
* Cc n v k thut

Ta c th s dng c tn Channel hin th nhng thng tin v knh:

Qun l s liu u ra:

Sp xp s liu vi putdata: Trc khi s liu c gi n phn cng, ta cn sp xp chng
ngun. Qu trnh sp xp c qun l bi hm putdata. Mi ct ca s liu yu cu mt
knh ca bin i tng analog output.

S liu ngun bao gm c m mu ca n knh c biu th di:

Cc quy tc s dng putdata:

* Cn phi sp xp s liu trong ngun trc khi bt u bin i tng output analog.

V d: Sp xp s liu vi putdata:
Bt u chy vi lnh daqdoc6_3 ca s lnh ca Matlab
1. To ra bin i tng thit b: To bin i tng A0 cho card m thanh.

2. Thm knh:

3. Thit lp cc gi tr c tnh:

4. S liu u ra:

5. Lm sch:

Thit t trigger u ra tn hiu:

Khi iu kin kch hot trigger th c tnh Sending s t ng chuyn sang trng thi On
v s xy ra qu trnh sp xp s liu u ra t ngun ti h thng con. Cc c tnh c
lit k pha di

nh ngha Trigger: Dng Trigger: N s s dng c tnh TriggerType c th hin

pha di:

Thi hnh Trigger:

c thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Sp xp s liu ti ngun.

Thit t cc c tnh trigger tng ng.

Thc hin hm start
Thc hin hm trigger nu TriggerType dng th cng.
Bao nhiu trigger c thc hin?
i vi cc bin i tng analog output th ch c mt trigger c thc hin.
Chng ta c th thc hin li vic trigger thng qua t li gi tr cho
TriggerExecuted, l 0 s khng thc hin, 1 nu thc hin.
V d ta ly mu vi card m thanh:

TriggerExecuted cho ta s sau khi thc hin trigger:

Ta c th dng lnh showdaqevents thu c thm cc thng tin v tt c cc s kin

xy ra:

Khi no trigger c thc hin?

Ta c th tm c thi gian trigger chnh xc thng qua c tnh InitialTriggerTime . Thi
gian chnh xc c clock a ra di dng vector c nh dng:

V d vi thi gian trigger chnh xc:

 chuyn i ng h di dng vector n cc dng khc nhau, ta c th s

dng hm sprint:

S kin v hi p:
Khi bin i tng analog output ang hot ng, ta c th s dng cc s kin hin th
cc thng ip, hin th s liu, phn tch s liu. Callbacks iu khin callback properties

v callback functions.
Cc dng event:

Ghi v truy sut thng tin s kin: Khi bin i tng ang hot ng, cc thng tin s t
ng c ghi vo thuc tnh eventlog. Eventlog c cu to gm hai phn l Type v data
(bao gm cc thng tin v tng s kin ring l).

V d v truy sut thng tin s kin:

Tip tc truy sut vo type:

Hin th cc thng tin trong trigger:

C th hin th thng tin s kin s b thng qua hm showdaqevents:

V d v s dng Callback Properties v Callback Function:

Hin th s mu u ra:
Thc hin bng lnh daqdoc6_4 trong matlab n s hot ng theo cc bc:

To bin i tng thit b:

Thm knh:

Thit t cc gi tr c trng:

S liu u ra:

Xa:

Hin th cc thng tin trong eventlog:

Ta chy v d ny bng lnh daqdoc6_5

To bin i tng thit b:

Thm knh:

Thit t cc gi tr c trng:

S liu u ra:

Xa:

Chia t l tuyn tnh s liu: n v k thut

T l tuyn tnh c tnh bng:

Gi tr t l = (gi tr nguyn thy)(phm vi u ra)/(phm vi n v
Phm vi n v c quy nh bi UnitRange trong khi phm vi u ra c
quy nh bi OutputRange. UnitRange iu khin qu trnh t l ha s liu
trong khi n sp xp di tc dng ca hm putdata.
1. V d: Thc hin chuyn i tuyn tnh
Ta thc hin v d bng lnh daqdoc6_6:
To bin i tng thit b:

Thm knh:

Thit t cc gi tr c trng:

Chn t l ly mu l 5 kHz, trigger nhc li 2 ln, v thc o s liu bao ton b u ra

ca chuyn i AD. Bi v bin nh ti nh ca s liu sp xp l 4 (UnitRange [-2
2]) v t l ca s liu t nh n nh l 20 V:

Sp xp s liu mt ln vo putdata:

S liu u ra:

Xa:

Bt u bin i tng vi nhiu thit b:

V d c thc hin vi bin i tng analog input (ai) v analog output (a0) ca card m
thanh:

Ta c th thc hin vic t trigger ch manual khi thc hin vi bin i tng ny v
dng trigger ny hot ng nhanh hn cc dng khc. Thm vo khi ng b ha u vo
v u ra ca s liu ta c th thit lp c tnh ManualTriggerHw0n cho Trigger dnh cho
ai:

Thit t ai dng thu nhn s liu lin tc, gi hm callback

qmoredata vi 1000 mu u ra v gi hm daqcallback khi ai v a0
dng hot ng:

Hm callback qmoredata s gii nn s liu t ngun v sp xp n cho u ra:

Sp xp s liu t ngun, bt u hot ng bin i tng v thc

hin manual trigger:

Xc nh thi gian bt u ca mi mt bin i tng vi thuc tnh InitialTrigeerTime,

thi gian sai khc tnh bng giy gia ai v a0:

Dng c hai bin i tng:

u ra ca daqcallback c th hin di:

------------------ XONG ANALOG OUT

PUT________________________________________________

U VO V U RA DNG S
I/O dng s c thit k truyn cc gi tr dng s n hoc t phn cng. Cc gi tr
ny thng tn ti di dng cc bit n, dng ng hoc dng cng. Trong phn ny ta c
nhng ni dung sau:
To bin i tng DI/O: To bin i tng matlab c trng cho bin i tng h thng
con DI/O.
Thm cc ng vo bin i tng DI/O:
Ghi hoc c dng s:
To ra cc s kin m thi gian:
c lng cc trng thi ca bin i tng DI/O: a ra cc gi tr thc v thuc tnh
trong cc nh dng d hin th.
Khi to bin i tng D-I/O:
Thc hin vic to bin i tng ny bng hm digitalio. Hm ny chp nhn tn
ca adaptor hoc ID ca thit b l mt i s u vo.
y ta thc hin v d vi NIB:

Thc hin hin th cc class:

Ta c th hin th cc gi tr c tnh ca dio thng qua hm get:

Cc cng song song:

a s cc my tnh c trang b cc cng song song, v to bin i tng vi DIO dnh
cho cng ny:

Thm cc ng vo bin i tng D-I/O

Khi tin hnh thm cc ng vo DIO, ta cn tun th cc quy tc:
Cc ng phi c kt ni cng dng phn cng thit b.
Ta c th thm duy nht mt ln i vi bin i tng DIO. Tuy nhin ng
c th thm nhiu ln i vi cc bin i tng DIO.
Ta c th thm ng vo nhng cng khc nhau ca bin i tng DIO
Ta thm ng vo DIO thng qua hm addline, n yu cu bin i tng thit
b v t nht mt ID ng v trc tip mt trong s chng lm i s u vo.

i s ra l hwlines:

Khi tin hnh thm ng vo bin i tng DIO, nhng c tnh pha di s c
thm t ng:

Ta c th hin th nhng gi tr ny bng hm get:

c tnh ca ng v cng:
Ta c th truy sut c tnh ca ng v cng thng qua hm daqhwinfo

Hin th cc c tnh ng ca mi port:

 kt ni dng vt l vi cng song song, a s cc my tnh i hi cable kt ni vi mt

cng 25-pin ci nh di y:

Cc thng tin c lit k bng di y:

Cc c tnh ca cng song song ny c th hin pha di:

Xem xt n nhng ng ring l:

Thm cc thng tin t matlab V d, mt bit i tng DIO c tn dio c to, v cc
s 1 n 8 c t ng ng k cho cc ng t 0 n 7. i ch hai ng u tin ta
s dng c tnh HwLine

Mt la chn khc ta c th s dng n c tnh Line

Miu t tn cc ng V d y ta t tn TrigLine cho ng u tin ca dio 8

ng:

Cch khc l ta s dng c tnh LineName

Sau ta c th dng tn ca ng:

V d: Thm ng cho NIB:

Thm 8 ng u vo ca dio t cng 0:

Thm 4 u vo v 4 u ra ca dio t cng 0:

Hoc ta thm hai ng u tin l u vo, hai ng cui cng l u ra:

Cch th hai l ta s dng addline, v ch r ra ID ca ng cng nh ID ca a cng i

vi mi ln gi:

Cch th ba l ta s dng addline, v ch r ra ID ca ng cng nh ID ca mt cng i

vi mi ln gi:

3. Ghi vo c gi tr ng DIO:
Ghi cc gi tr s: Ta thc hin vic ghi cc gi tr s thng qua hm putvalue, hm ny i
hi mt bin i tng DIO v cc gi tr c ghi l bin u vo. Cc gi tr c ghi
di dng thp phn hoc di dng vector nh phn:
V d vi cng 8 u ra:

Ta ghi gi tr 23=[1 1 1 0 1]= 2 +2 +2 +2 +2 :

Mt cch khc ta c th ghi vo tng ng thng qua c tnh Line:

ghi dng vector nh phn ca cc gi tr s dng bin i tng thit b v c tnh line

Mt cch khc ta khng cn s dng dec2binvec

Ghi cc gi tr s: Ta to ra bin i tng dio:

c cc gi tr ca tt c cc ng:

Hoc c gi tr hin ti ca 5 ng u tin:

chuyn i t dng binvec sang gi tr thp phn ta dng hm binvec2dec:

V d: Ghi v c gi tr s:
Ta chy v d ny bng lnh daqdoc7_1:

1. To bin i tng thit b:

2. Thm ng:

3. c v ghi cc gi tr:
Ta ghi gi tr 13 vo 4 dng u tin di dng thp phn v di dng vector
nh phn, sau c li cc gi tr:

Ta ghi gi tr 3 vo 4 dng cui di dng thp phn v di dng vector nh

phn, sau c li cc gi tr:

c s liu ca 4 dng cui nhng chuyn gia 2 dng MSB v LSB

4. Xa:

4. To ra cc s kin m thi gian:

S kin m thi gian: c thc hin khi mt chu k n ca thi gian hon thnh. Cc
c tnh ca n c lit k:

Chy v dng bin i tng DIO:

S dng hm start chy bin i tng DIO:

Sau khi yu cu start th c tnh Running s t ng chuyn sang dng on. V DIO s dng
khi xy ra cc iu kin:
Ta a ra lnh s dng hm stop
C li h thng xy ra.
Khi stop c thc hin, running s t ng chuyn sang trng thi off.
V d: To s kin m thi gian:
Ta chy v d ny bng lnh daqdoc7_2:

1. To bin i tng thit b:

2. Thm ng:

3. Thm cc c tnh:

Cho chy gi tr:

Lnh pause c thc hin khi c hai s kin m thi gian c to:

4. Xa:

c lng cc trng thi ca bin i tng DI/O:

Ta c th thc hin vic hin th s lc bng s dng lnh cho bin i tng DIO hoc
bin i tng ng khi:
To bin i tng DIO
Thm ng
Thit lp cc gi tr c tnh s dng cc k t dng im.
To cc thng tin s lc
- Cc thng tin s lc v ng Cc thng tin s lc bao gm cc gi tr c tnh l:
* S cc ng.
* Tn cc ng
* ID ca cc cng
* Phng v ca cc ng.
V d ta hin th thng tin ca To s kin m thi gian trn

Ta cng c th s dng c tnh line ch hin th cc thng tin s lc v ng: