in dn dng

BI 1

MNG IN DN DNG

Dy rut ng c v bc t ngoi tri

Mc ch yu cu
- Trong bi ny, sinh vin nm c phng php thit k v lp t mng in
dn dng.
- Sinh vin hiu c cc yu t k thut v thit b in v dy dn.
I.
Phn l thuyt
1.1.Dy dn in.
1.1.1.Dy dn in c nhiu loi, nhng cn ch :
-Khi chn dy dn in ngi ta cn ch vo: Cng dng in nh mc ca
ph ti, cng dng ca dy, v tr chn dy, cch in ca v bc dy.
-Cng dng in nh mc cho ph ti: Cc dng nh qut bn, n, my
thu thanh, thu hnh . Thng tiu tn t in ta dng dy mm hai rut, mi rut
gm nhiu si ng nh xon vo nhau, tit din mi rut l 1,5mm2 v bc bng
nha PVC hoc cao su ngoi bc vi. i vi dng tiu tn nhiu in nh t lnh,
my git, bn l.. ta dng dy nh trn, nhng c tit din l 2,5mm2 tr ln.
-Cng dng ca dy: Dng cho cc dng thng di ng phi l loi dy mm
c v cch in tt. Dy dng cho cc dng c nh v dy chng trn mng in
thng dng loi dy mt rut c v cch in. i vi cc ng dy chnh trong
nh cn phi dng dy c tit din ln m bo cung cp cho ph ti.
-V tr t dy: v tr kh th dng dy c v bc thng. nhng ni c m
th cn dng dy c v bc bng cao su hoc bc ch.
cch in ca v bc cn c vo thng s nghi trn v.
Bng A:
Dng in cho php ca dy dn.
Tit din ca rut (mm2)

I.

0.5
0.75
1

11
15
17

Thc tp k thut

Dy rut ng mt si c v bc
S lng dy trong mt ng
2 dy
3 dy
4 dy

11
15
16

11
15
15

11
15
14
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1.5
23
19
17
16
2.5
30
27
25
25
4
41
38
35
30
6
50
46
42
40
10
80
70
60
50
16
100
85
80
75
25
140
115
100
90
35
170
135
125
115
50
215
185
170
150
70
270
225
210
185
95
330
275
255
225
120
385
315
290
260
150
440
360
330
330
1.1.2.Cch ni dy dn in.
Khi ni dy dn in cn ch ch tip xc tht tt. Nu tip xc khng tt th in
tr s ln, in p tn hao tng ln, lm cho ch ni nng ln c th lm chy v
cch in. Gy chm chp rt nguy him. Bi vy ch ni dy phi xon cht, cn
thn hn l hng thit vo ch ni, xong bc cch in. Nn khi ni cn p ng nhu
cu sau.
1.1.2.1.Yu cu ca mi ni.
-Dn in tt: mi ni phi c tip xc b mt v p cht vi nhau.
-Phi c bnh c hc.
-Phi m bo an ton in ngha l phi bc cch in.
-Mi ni phi c m thut.
1.1.2.2.Phng php thc hnh.
-Ni tip dy c 20.

-Ni r dy c 20.

-Ni dy nhiu si ging nh ni dy n nhng trc khi ni phi xon dy li

vi nhau.
-Ni tip dy c 30.

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1.2.Cu chy v cu dao in.

1.2.1.Cu chy.
-Cu chy c tc dng t ng ngt in cho ph ti khi c dng in tng ln n
mc gi hn nh trc. Cu chy mt dy pha trc ph ti.
-B phn c bn ca cu chy l dy ch. Dy ch thng lm bng cc cht c
nhit nng chy thp. Vi mch c cng dng in ln, dy ch c th lm
bng cht c nhit cao nhng thit din nh.
- bo v cho i tng cn bo v, dy chy phi t trc khi i tng b ph
hy. Tr s dng in dy chy t phi ln hn dng in nh mc. Thng
thng Igh/Im =1,25 1,45.
-C hai loi cu ch: Cu ch hp v cu ch ng
1.2.2.Cu dao in.

-Cu dao l kh c ng ct mch in bng tay li in h p

-Cu dao dng ph bin trong mch in dn dng v cng nghip di cng sut
b nh tn s ng ct b. Cu dao thng kt hp vi cu chy bo v khi
ngn mch.
-Cu dao c th l mt cc hay nhiu cc v c th ng v mt pha hay hai pha.
-Cu dao c th phn theo in p v dng in. Cu dao thng kt hp vi dy
chy bo v khi ngn mch.
-Thng cu dao t trc cc dng c tiu th nhiu in nng hoc trc cng
t in ca h gia nh.
1.3.Cng t in.
tnh in nng tiu th ca cc ni dng in. Cng t in cho bit s in nng
tiu th c tnh bng(KWh).
Cch lp t cng t in.

Vi
.

Hnh 1.1.

Vo
.

Hnh 1.1 l s u dy ca cng t. Khi lp t cng t in ta xem trn np y

c s u ni dy vo ra.
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Pht hin s c v kim tra chnh xc ca cng t in. Trong ngy thi tit
m nht, ta ngt ht ph ti. Nu thy a nhm cn quay th ng dy in trong
nh b chm. Khi cn kim tra mng in chng tn tht. Kim tra chnh xc
ca cng t in bng cch ch bc mt bng 100W ph ti, sau 1h cng t ch
100W l ng.
1.4.n in.
-n c dy tc: Dng in nng t nng dy tc bng n, nhit ny lm cho
dy tc bng n pht sng.
-n hunh quan: n dng thp sng, hot ng trn nguyn l phng in trong
hi thu ngn v kh tr p sut thp pht ra chm tia t ngoi, ri nh cht hunh
quan i chm tia t ngoi thnh nh sng.
S mch in.
stact

Tran
lu

220V

1.5.Thit k in cho mt cn h.
1.5.1.Cc bc tin hnh thit k in cho mt cn h.
-Xc nh ph ti cho tng phng, hnh lan v tng tng.
-Phng n b tr mng in.
-V s cp in trn mt bng tng tng v v s nguyn l cp in.
-La chn cc phn t ca s cp in.
-Lp bng d ton vt t.
1.5.2.Thit k cp in cho mt khch sn.
Khch sn cn cp in nm trung tm thnh ph trn din tch hp (65x25)
2
m bao gm khu nh khch hai tng v khu vc v (bp, bm nc, git gi) mt
tng nm pha sau nh. Nh khch b tr theo hai dy c hnh lan i gia, cu than
cng c b tr ga nh, li v pha sau , to ra mt tin snh n khch. Nh vy
mi tng chia lm 4 khu (ngn cch hnh lang, tin snh v cu thang) mi phn khu
b tr 6 phng khch. Tng cng tng 2 l 24 phng khch, tn 1 ch c 16 phng
khch, phn khu tip gip vi khu phc v dng lm vn phng (24m3), nh n
(100m2 ), nh kho (24m2). Nh vy, khch sn c 42 phng khch tt c. Ngun in
cung cp cho khch sn l ng cp 24KV ca thnh ph i ngm ngoi va h
trc ca khch sn.
a. Xc nh cng sut in cn cp cho khch sn.
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-Cng sut tnh cho mt phng khch.
Mt my iu ho nhit
2,5kW
Mt bnh un nc nng lnh
2,8kW
Cc ph ti khc: Ti vi, t lnh, qut, n
1,0kW
Tng
6,3kW
Ly K = 0,8, xc nh c cng sut tnh ton mt phng khch l.
Pp = 0,8.6,3 5kW
-Cng sut tnh ton tng 2
PT2 = 0,8.5.24 = 96kW
-Cng sut tnh ton tng 1.
Cng sut 16 phng khch.
P1 = 0,8.5.16 = 68kW
Phn khu nh n, vn phng, kho
Ly sut ph ti 20W/m2, tng din tch 150m2
P2 = 20.150 = 3kW
Khu phc v: din tch 50m2, t cc my mc (bm, git, qut gi) tng cng
sut 10kW.
P3 = 0,8.10 + 15.50 = 8,75kW
Ngoi ra cn chiu sng hnh lang, tin snh tng 1,2 sn xe khong 2kW.
Cng sut tnh tng 1.
PT1 = 0,85(68 + 3 + 8,75 + 2) = 69,49kW
Cng sut cn cp in cho khch sn.
PT = PT1 + PT2 = 96 + 69,49 = 164,49kW
ST =

164,49
= 182,27 kVA
0,9

-Phng n cp in.
t mt my bin p 200kVA 24/0,4kV ti khu vc sau nh khch.
Thit b ng ct cao p dng cu dao ph ti.
V khch sn ch c hai tng, khng cn t t phn phi tng, ch cn mi
tng mt t in ring. Trong mi t t ptomt tng v 4 ptomt nhnh cp in
cho 4 khu vc bng 4 ng trc. T ng trc ny, in c a vo tng phng
qua hp ni. Trong mi phng t 3 ptomt ring cho iu ho, bnh nc nng v
ph ti cn li. Tt c cp cao h u chn ngm di t. ng dy t t in n
tng phng v dy in i trong phng u i trong ng tup t ngm trong tng,
bng in trong phng t ngm trong tng.
-La chn cc phn t ca s cp in.
Chn my bin p.

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Chn my do ABB sn xut 200kVA 22/0,4kV c trung tnh cao, h p ni
t trc tip.
Chn cu dao ph ti.
Chn loi NPS 24A2 do ABB ch to. My bin p v cu dao ph ti do ABB
ch to.
Thng s k thut ca my bin p.
Cng sut, kVA Uc,kV UH,kV P0,W PN,W UN, % Trng lng kg
200
22
0,4
530 3450
4
885

Sn xe

Khu phc v

Vn

kho phng

Phng n

13

ng trc cc phn khu

12

11

10

14

15

16

17

18

ng trc cc phn khu

Tin
snh

H ph

Hp ni cp

S cp in trn mt bng tng 1 khch sn ( Tng 2 tng t)

3
1

Bn in tng tng

5
6

4
5

Bn in tng phng

1: ptmt tng
2: ptmt tng khu
3: Cu ch
Thc tp k thut

4: ptmt cho tng thiet b

5: Hp iu khin qut
6: Cng tt.
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-Chn cp cao p.
IT =

200
3.22

= 5,25 A

Chn cp cch in XLPE, v PVC c ai thp do hng ALCATEL (Php) sn

xut, tit din ti thiu 25mm2 PVC(3.25), c Icp = 124A
-Chn t in tng 1.
ptmt tng khch sn

IT =

182,27
3.0,38

= 277,25 A

ptmt tng chn loi NS 400E c Idm =400A

ptmt nhnh: mi nhnh cp in cho 6 phng trong mt khu, cng sut tnh
ton.
PK =5.6.0,85 = 25,5kW
Dng tnh ton: Ik =

25,5
3.0,38.0,9

= 43 A

Chn 4 ptmt nhnh loi C60N c Idm = 63A

-Chn t tng 2
IT2 =

96
3.0,38.0,9

= 162,25 A

ptmt tng chn loi NS 225E c Idm = 225A

Chn 4 ptmt nhnh loi C60N c Idm = 63A
Cp t t in tng 1 ln t in tng 2.
Chn PVC(3.95 + 1.50) c Icp = 238A
1.5.3.B tr mng in chiu sng.
-B tr sao cho ph hp vi iu kin s dng ca tng cn phng. Cc bng n
phi b tr sao cho sng( tu theo khu vc chiu sng), nh snh phi u khp
phng. Bng in b tr v tr thun li( thng b tr ca ra vo). Qut phi b tr
sao cho bng ca qut khng nh hng n ngi s dng.
-Xc nh ph ti. La chn s lng v cng sut bng n.
bc thit k s b, hoc i vi i tng chiu sng khng yu cu chnh
xc cao. C th dng phng php gn ng.
Ly cng sut chiu sng P0, W/m2 sao cho ph hp vi yu cu ca khch
hng hoc i tng chiu sng.
i tng chiu sng
P0, W/m2
Phn xng c kh v hng
13 16
Gara t
10 15
Ca hng v cc kho vt liu
10
Phng th nghim
20
Trung tm iu khin nh my
25 30
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Trng hc
10 15
Ca hng
15 20
Nh cng cng
14 16
Hi trng
15 20
-Xc nh cng sut tng cn cp cho khu vc chiu sng.
PCSd = P0 .S ( KW ) .
-Xc nh s lng bng n.
N=

Pcsd
Pd

Pd cng sut ca mt bng n.

-B tr n theo dy hoc cm.
-Chn thit b gia dng cho tng cn phng( tu theo yu cu s dng trong tng
phng).
-Chn tit din dy dn.
Chn tit din dy dn da theo dng in cho mi dy dn.
Id =

Pcs
U dm

Pcs: Cng sut ph ti m dy dn cung cp.

Udm: in p nh mc cung cp cho ph ti.
T dng in da theo bng trn ta xc nh ra tit in dy dn.
Cc thit b nh iu ho, bnh nc nng, my gt, my bm nc mi thit b c
mt ptmt ring. Cn cc ph ti khc( cng sut nh) th mi phng c mt
ptmt. mi tn c mt ptmt tng.
1.5.4.S mng in.
1.5.4.1.Cc k hiu v in.
Tn gi
K hiu
Tn gi
K hiu
Ngun in mt
Cu ch
chiu
ng hai dy
ng 3 dy
ng 4 dy
Cng tt thng
cm in
Cu dao hai pha

Thc tp k thut

n dy tc
n qunh quang
n cao p thu
ngn
Qut trn
Tip im thng
ng
Tip im thng
m
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Cu dao ba pha

Rle c tip im
thng m
Rle c tip im
thng ng

1.5.4.2.S mt s mng in thng dng.

-s bn in.
Cau

N
P

Cong
O

-S n cu thang.
N
P

II.
-

Phn thc hnh

Thit k in cho mt cn h gm: phng khch (5x5)m, hai phng ng (4x5)m,
nh n (5x5)m, nh tm +v sinh (4x5)m.
- Lp t in cho mt phng c th
VI. nh gi
- Thit ng yu cu k thut v thm m
- Lp t nhanh, p

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