WLAN Design and Deployment Of: Rich Media Networks

WLAN Design and
Deployment of
Rich Media Networks
BRKEWN-2000
Larry Ross
Technical Marketing Engineer
BRKEWN-2000
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
Agenda
Wi-Fi Channel Bandwidth Management for
Multiple Application Types
AP3500
Configure for Capacity Voice & Video

Bandwidth for Call Admission Control
Configure for best Channel Utilization Data
Rates, Legacy Beam Forming & Band Select
802.11 Channel Design for VDI

Bringing 802.11n Enhancements together
for a better Data, Voice, and Video WLAN
WLAN QoS for Voice & Video
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Wi-Fi Channel Bandwidth

Management for
Multiple Application Types
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Cisco Media Ready Wireless LAN

802.11n
BandSelect &
LoadBalancing
Bandwidth
Cisco
Media
Ready
WLAN
VideoStream
End-to-End QoS
ClientLink
Call Admission
Control
Scale
Quality
Spectrum
Analysis
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Three 5 Pound Bags
1997
11
Data Rates
1 & 2 Mbps
Throughput
about
0.8 Mbps
If your 5 pound bag is full of 2Mbps traffic how are you going to fit in 300 Mbps
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The Radio Frequency Protocols in Those Three

2.4GHz Bags From Just Your Smart Phone
Train Wreck Waiting to Happen
4 different Wi-Fi protocols

802.11, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n
3 different technologies
802.11 Wi-Fi , Wi-Fi Direct, and Bluetooth(BT)
3 different BT protocols and soon to be 4
1.2, 2.0 plus EDR, 3.0 plus HS, and 4.0
BT specification information is in the addendum
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Continued
Train Wreck Waiting to Happen
Doing 3 different basic applications:

Voice, Video, and Data from the same
device
How many different communication protocols
are used in each of those applications?
How many of those applications are a direct
port from Ethernet which does not have
roaming?
When layer 2 changes, is the application still
going to work?
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The Wreck Is Here
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Bluetooth Client Device Radios

Do you consider what your Bluetooth radios will
do to the performance of the Wi-Fi radio of the
colleague two cubes away from you?
The manufacturers and the specifications claim
co-existence:
That is between that clients Wi-Fi radio and its BT radio and the
paired BT radio. Examples are BT headset, mouse and keyboard.
What happens during pairing?

What happens to the bandwidth of your neighbors?
What happens with BT 3.0?
You build a secure WLAN and then put all near data over
an insecure BT PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
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BLUETOOTH PAIRING MODE
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Bluetooth Continued
When using a headset, the Wi-Fi voice packets will be replicated by
the BT radio at much slower BT data rates on the 2.4GHz channels
used by Wi-Fi.
In multichannel 2.4GHz Wlan, that means those slow BT packets will
affect all Wi-Fi channels.
A BT chipset may be built for the 3.0 specification, but the BT driver
may be using a earlier device code.
The previous slide shows early BT specification behavior.
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Bandwidth Management
With Video Calling: Now More Important Than Ever
Recommendations:
11n Packet Aggregation Configuration for Dense Video/Voice

Manage out all possible interferers
Manage out all possible low data rates
Use MIMO antenna technology to its fullest extent
Use Legacy Client Link and Future 802.11n Client Link
Use Band Select
Use Call Admission Control
Use Multicast Direct
Enable Windows XP and Windows 7 QoS
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One Cius with Three Different Application

Packet Types
This was Captured from the AP CLI -> Show Cont D1
3 Wi-Fi Media Access Categories used Simultaneously on One
WLAN SSID by the Cius
The WLAN is Configured for Voice
The Voice AC Sent 30413 G722 Codec Packets
The Video AC Sent 18647 Dynamic RTP Packets
The Best Effort AC Sent 1220 ICMP Ping Reply Packets
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Recommended Enterprise
A-MPDU and A-MSDU Settings
The Current Default Settings are not
Optimal for Densely Deployed WLANs
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Recommended MPDU & MSDU Settings

The 7.0.116.0 Default A-MPDU and A-MSDU
Default
Recommended
A-MPDU
A-MPDU
User Priority 0, 3, 4, 5 =
Enabled
User Priority 0, 4, 5 = Enabled

User Priority 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 =
Disabled
A-MSDU
User Priority 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 =
Enabled
User Priority 1, 2, 6, 7 =
Disabled
A-MSDU
User Priority 1, 2 = Enabled
User Priority 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 =
Disabled
User Priority 6, 7 = Disabled
Check for Recommended Changes in each Code Release

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A-MPDU & A-MSDU WLC Configuration

11n Packet Aggregation Configuration for Dense Video/Voice
Recommended for WLAN Network with a dense Deployment
of Video Call Capable Wi-Fi Phones
Including: Skype, Face Time, Cisco Cius & Social Media
These configurations are on the CLI only:

Enable A-MPDU on UP 4,5
Disable A-MSDU on 4,5,6 priorities.
Syntax -> config 802.11a 11nsupport a-mpdu tx priority <0-7> enable/disable
Examples ->
config 802.11a 11nsupport a-mpdu tx priority 5 enable
config 802.11a 11nsupport a-msdu tx priority 4 disable
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2.4GHz Cius 720p Video Call to Cius Video

Call without CLI Changes
30%
Packet
Loss
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2.4GHz 720p Video Call RTP Analysis

Top half of Wireshark Screen Shoot
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2.4GHz 720p Video Call RTP Analysis (Continued)

Wireshark computes a 108% Packet Loss in this stream.
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Video Call After A-MSDU and A-MPDU Changes
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Configure for Capacity Voice

& Video Bandwidth for Call
Admission Control
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Xoom, iPad, Galaxy Tab, Droid Charge, Cius

& iPhone
Different Devices with Different Levels of Wi-Fi and QoS support
So, they Dont ALL Behave the Same on Your Enterprise Network!
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Thomas Edisons Telephonescope
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However They Can Share the Same WLAN

Find the Common Ground
Create the WLAN for both 2.4GHz and 5GHz Wi-Fi Bands
Let the Device find the Best Band and Enable Cisco Band Select to
Encourage the other devices to use 5GHz
Use a Security Type that is Common to All
Dont Expect
Them to Roam the Same on Channel Changes
Roaming Ultimately is Done at the Client Wi-Fi Driver Level
QoS Markings for Similar Applications Maybe Different at the Wi-Fi

Battery Saving Sleep Modes Will Differ
Best Practice for Smart Phones is Routinely Check for

Firmware Updates
Apple Added Voice and Video 802.11e QoS in 4.3
Wi-Fi Radio Power and Antenna Differ

Note: The Above is also True of Laptops
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802.11e CAC for Video Calls

TSPEC CAC and SIP CAC Share the Same Bandwidth Reservation.
Video has a BW Reservation
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Configure for best Channel

Utilization Data Rates, Legacy
Beam Forming & Band Select
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Data Rates vs. Channel Utilization

Do you need 1997?
Do you need CAT3? 10GigCat6 Ethernet Cable?
Do you plug 10Mbps Ethernet NICs into 1 GIG switch ports?
Do you need 1997?
That is the first year of Wi-Fi. 1 & 2Mbps
1999 is 802.11b Wi-Fi and 5.5 & 11Mbps
Is it time to re-cycle your

WLAN Bandwidth?
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The Data Rate Influence on CAC Bandwidth

The denser the deployment of APs,
the higher the first required data rate
(recommendation from Cisco)
Tuned 802.11b/g Data Rates:
If the AP deployment is not dense,

the lower data rates may be
necessary to provide coverage
With the G.711 codec and the
overhead of the 802.11 protocol, the
cell throughput does not increase at
data rates above 24Mbps
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Site Planning Based on Application

Data
Rate & Range
ABG
Voice
Rate & User Density
ABG
Video
Rate & User Density
VDI
ABG
ABG
Rate & Range
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802.11 Channel Design for VDI
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What Is a Well Designed Coverage Plan?

Does 792x Work Well?
What is Current Channel Overlap?
What is the Current Range?

What are the Current Data Rates?
Are the Cells Built on -67dBm Edge?
What is the Wi-Fi Channel Utilization CU%? Throughput Does Not Increase once the CU
Reaches 33%.
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Ideal Environment for 802.11b/g/a/n Phone Clients

the Cell Edge Recommendation Is -67dBm.
A typical deployment showing a 1015% overlap from each of the adjoining
cells. Provides almost complete redundancy throughout the cell.
With 5GHz there are enough channels available there should be no need to
have a co-channel design, but this would the recommendation for dense 5GHz
deployments and for all 2.4GHz deployments
The same design principle applies for deployments using 802.11n APs.
The RADIUS
of the cell
should be:
67 dBm
Channel 1
Channel 6
The separation of
same channel cells
should be: 19 dB
Channel 36
or
Channel 44
-67dBm
Channel 11
Channel 149
-86dBm
This example shows just 3 of the 5GHz 11a or bounded 11n channels.
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How to Measure and What to Measure
1 of 3
The process is the same for 11b/g, 11a, 11n 20Mhz or

40Mhz wide.
More and more, the Design is about High Density

Capacity.
How users and how calls are going to be needed in a
certain coverage area.
Call Capacity Max is 26 Audio Calls per Wi-Fi Channel.
Co-Channel Interference, non-Wi-Fi Interference,
Data, Video and CAC Configurations are going to
reduce the MAX number of Calls
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2 of 3
Capacity by Coverage Area becomes a DATA RATE

and TRANSMIT POWER Configuration Issue.
Faster Data Rates = Smaller Cells
Lower Transmit Powers = Smaller Cells
Loss the Slow Data Rates and High TX Powers then the
Cells will be Smaller.
Smaller Cells = More Cells = More Calls in a Coverage

Area
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3 of 3
TEST
Set to Disabled all data rates except the estimated best fit data
rate
Use the Actual Clients that the User is going to use

Do Live Calls with those Clients
Check the RSSI Reading Off the AP
Find the -67 dBm range by slowly moving away from the AP
Now select a client radio to be the survey benchmark radio
Disable the Slow Data Rates and abandon High TX Powers -> the
Cells will be Smaller
Smaller Cells = More Cells = More Calls in a Coverage Area

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Measure the -67dBm Cell Size to the

Clients
Pick Your Most Used Client
or The Client That Your
WLAN Network was
Designed Around.
Find an Area in Your Facility
Where That Devices Uplink
is at -67dBm.
Move Your New Clients to
that Area.
Then Measure the Uplink

dBm Value of Those Clients.
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Measure the Uplink at -67dBm on the AP
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SSID Planning Client/Application Types
Divide by application
Hardwired client capabilities
QoS capabilities
Coverage requirements
Capacity requirements
How many SSIDs?
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VXI Cisco Virtualization

Experience
Infrastructure
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Desktop Virtualization:
Nomenclature
Desktop Virtualization
Suite of Technologies
Desktop Streaming
Application Virtualization
Terminal Services
VDI
Virtual Desktop
Infrastructure
Industry Terms for VDI:

Gartner: Hosted Virtual
Desktop
IDC: Centralized Virtual
Desktop
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End-to-End
Architecture
Supporting
Rich Media
/UC
Enhanced
Security
Cisco
VXI
Application
Acceleration
POE /
Energy Wise
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Ciscos Vision for VXI

Deliver a superior collaboration and rich media user experience
with best in class ROI in a fully integrated, open and validated
desktop virtualization solution
Media Rich
Experience
Data Center /
Virtualization
VXI
Security
Virtual
Workspace
Borderless
Networks
Collaboration
TCO / ROI
Integrated System
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Cius A VXI Client Device

Cius unit requires call control support from
CUCM 8.5.
802.11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi for On/Off Campus
Mobility
Single Stream
Seamless transition wired to wireless

Battery 8 hours (normal usage)
Docking stations at desk
Future: 3G/4G data services
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Bringing 802.11n Enhancements

Together for a Better Data, Voice,
and Video WLAN
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MIMO MIMO
MIMO
Access Points
AP3500 802.11n with separate Spectrum Intelligence radios
AP3500i Internal MIMO Antennas
AP3500e External MIMO Antenna support
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5678/ps10981/data_sheet_c78-594630.html
CleanAir Technology
Simplify wireless operations with:
Automatic interference mitigation for better reliability and performance
Remote troubleshooting for fast problem resolution and less downtime
Robust security with non-Wi-Fi detection for off-channel rogues
Policy enforcement with customizable alerts to prohibit devices that interfere with the network
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns340/ns394/ns348/ns1070/aag_c22-594304.pdf
AP1260 802.11n External MIMO Antenna support
Same as the AP3500e but without Spectrum Intelligence radio
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5678/ps10980/data_sheet_c78-593663.html
The AP3500s and AP1260 have the same housing and PoE
requirements as the AP1140
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WLAN Advanced Settings
For VoIP Snooping and VoIP Reporting enable this option.

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Access Points -> Radio -> 802.11a/n -> Detail

The Statistics Provide WLAN Performance Info 1 of 3
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Profile Information on Noise and Channel Load 2 of 3
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Profile Information on Noise and Channel Load 3 of 3
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Access Points -> Radio -> 802.11b/g/n -> Detail

CleanAir Info From the Access Point 1 of 2
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Access Points -> Radio -> 802.11b/g/n -> Detail

CleanAir Info From the Access Point 2 of 2
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WLAN QoS for Voice & Video
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Wi-Fi 802.11e CAC & SIP CAC

SIP Based QoS (WLC code stream 6.0)
Intercept and snoop SIP traffic (AP: Upstream, WLC: downstream) to determine
voice session and set QoS
RFC 3261 compliant client
SIP Based CAC (WLC code stream 7.0)

Adding to the SIP Based QoS of Release 6
Enable the network to roam voice session between APs based on available
bandwidth
Feature is applicable to SIP phone w/o TSPEC.
Bandwidth parameters are configured manually on per session bases
The WLC has 1 Media Time Parameter

The Wi-Fi has 1 Channel Utilization Value for the APs Radio
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A Trace of the Beacon for the AP Shows MT

Channel Utilization & Available Admission Capacity
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Cius WLAN Voice & Video Packet Count

5.3%
256-511
29.0%
128-255
10.0%
2048-2346
4.3%
1024-2048
50.9%
512-1023
Percentage wise, by packet count, the Voice and Video are fairly similar.
But the Video packets are nearly 4 times bigger. Therefore taking up
substantially more bandwidth, if assigned the same QoS as Voice packets.
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Cius WLAN Voice & Video Byte Count
Percentage wise, by packet size, the Voice used 20% of the bytes and
Video used 77.7% of the bytes, taking up substantially more bandwidth.
The Video packets of the 9971s ranged from 110 to 939 bytes.
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Eleven Cius Videos on One 5GHz Channel
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Cius Decode
Client Voice packet
has a 802.11 UP = 6
Client Video packet

has a 802.11 UP = 5
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IP Communicator
in SIP Mode &
Without Windows
QoS Enabled
Client Voice packet
has a 802.11 UP = 0
with a DSCP = EF
Client Video packet

has a 802.11 UP = 0
with a DSCP = AF
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AP
Forwarded
Voice
Decode
Forwarded Client
Voice packet has
a 802.11 UP = 6
and maintains
DSCP = EF
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AP
Forwarded
Video
Decode
Forwarded
Client Video
packet has a
802.11 UP = 0
and maintains
DSCP = AF
The Video is
not given the
802.11
upgrade
because the
WLAN is
Voice.
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Key Takeaways
Smart Phones capabilities are changing rapidly. Regularly review
what devices in your environment and their Wi-Fi and BT behaviors
are.
802.11n Packet Aggregation configuration recommendations are likely
to change in the next couple code releases. Check the release notes
for possible updates on configurations.
BT and Wi-Fi Direct do share the same frequencies as Wi-Fi and will
consume channel bandwidth. Claims that they are not is untrue.
MIMO Antennas and Beam Forming are your friends.
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Related Titles
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On Hook
Thank you.
Skinny Client Control Protocol
Data Length:
4
Reserved:
0x00000000
Message ID:
0x00000007
On Hook Message
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Addendum
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Proof That We Had a SIP Marked UP a

SIP Media Packet Between the AP and
the WLAN Infrastructure.
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Show 802.11a AP Radio Information

Via AP Console ( Serial or Telnet)
User Access Verification
Username: cisco
Password:
AP0022.90e3.373c>en
Password:
AP0022.90e3.373c# show controller d1
interface Dot11Radio1
Radio AIR-AP1140A, Base Address 0021.1bfc.4280, BBlock version 0.00, Software version 2.10.3
Serial number: FHH123000CW
Number of supported simultaneous BSSID on Dot11Radio1: 16

Carrier Set: Americas (OFDM) (US) (-A)
Uniform Spreading Required: Yes
Configured Frequency: 5745 MHz Channel 149
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Continuing show cont d1 From the AP

QBSS Load: 0x6, Policing Stats: Rx downgrades 112, Tx downgrades 0
Classifier Stats tx_on_up6
0, tx_on_up4 2211
Configured Local Access Class Parameters
Back
: cw-min 4 cw-max 10 fixed-slot 7 admission-cont
Best
: cw-min 4 cw-max 10 fixed-slot 3 admission-control Off txop 0
Video
: cw-min 3 cw-max 4 fixed-slot 2 admission-control Off txop 0
Voice
: cw-min 2 cw-max 3 fixed-slot 2 admission-control On txop 0
SIP stats sip_udp_rx_pkt 1162, sip_tcp_rx_pkt 1049,
downlink classified_pkt 38803,
uplink classified_pkt 39408,
num_processed_SIP_Calls 16
Transmit queues: In Progress 0
---- Active --- In-Progress --------------- Counts --------------
Cnt Quo Bas Max Cnt Quo Bas
Sent
Discard
Fail
Retry
Multi
Uplink
Voice
73345
4470
1777
Video
370
26
10
Best
3 646
3 150
4941
67
34
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SIP Information on the WLC Monitor Page
SIP VoIP Call Failure in This Case

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WLC Trap Logs

These logs can be forwarded to syslog servers.
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Tracing Voice QoS Marking with Snooping

This is the original packet
from the PC client radio to
the AP.
This is a voice packet
from a softphone
application.
The 802.11 header and IP
header have QoS values
of 0
RTP Sequence number is
x10B6.
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The Client Packet Sequence Number

This is the second have of the
packet from the PC client radio to
the AP.
The original voice packet from the
softphone application has a RTP
sequence number of 4278 (hex
10B6).
The 802.11 header and IP header

have QoS values of 0
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The Client Packet Between the AP and WLC
This is the same packet with a

CAPWAP wrapper.
The packet is being forwarded by
the AP to the WLC.
The original voice packet from the

softphone application has a RTP
sequence number of 4278 (hex
10B6).
The CAPWAP header has voice
QoS.
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IP Communicator 8.6 on Windows 7

with QoS Profile Enabled.
This was a HD 720p Video Call.
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IP Communicator 8.6 on W7 with QoS
HD Video Call
Voice G722 Packet
DSCP = AF (41)
802.11e User Priority

(UP) = 4
The Typical VoWLAN UP
Would Be 6
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Same Call This Is Next IP Comm

Packet
Dynamic RTP Packet
DSCP = AF (41)
802.11e UP = 4
The Typical VoWLAN UP
Would Be 5
This Keeps Both Packets
in the Same 802.11e
Access Category (AC),
and Therefore Serialized
Media Access
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Bluetooth
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Basic BT Spec Basics

Maximum Permitted Power
mW
dBm
100
20
2.5
4
1
0
Class
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Range
(approximate)
~100 meters
~10 meters
~1 meter
Version
Data Rate
Maximum Application Throughput
Version 1.2
Version 2.0 + EDR
1 Mbps
2-3 Mbps
0.7 Mbit/s
2.1 Mbit/s
Version 3.0 + HS
Perhaps 24 Mbit/s
(note: only with AMP, and depends on the

AMP. BT itself remains 2.1 Mbit/s max)
Version 4.0
Perhaps 24 Mbit/s
(note: only with AMP, and depends on the

AMP. BT itself remains 2.1 Mbit/s max)
Alternative MAC and PHY (AMP) Implementation

Bluetooth - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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End of Addendum
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WLAN Design and

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Configure for Capacity Voice & Video

802.11 Channel Design for VDI

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Wi-Fi Channel Bandwidth

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Cisco Media Ready Wireless LAN

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Three 5 Pound Bags

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

The Radio Frequency Protocols in Those Three

4 different Wi-Fi protocols

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Doing 3 different basic applications:

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

The Wreck Is Here

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Bluetooth Client Device Radios

What happens during pairing?

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

BLUETOOTH PAIRING MODE

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

11n Packet Aggregation Configuration for Dense Video/Voice

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

One Cius with Three Different Application

The Best Effort AC Sent 1220 ICMP Ping Reply Packets

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Recommended MPDU & MSDU Settings

User Priority 0, 4, 5 = Enabled

User Priority 6, 7 = Disabled

Check for Recommended Changes in each Code Release

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

A-MPDU & A-MSDU WLC Configuration

These configurations are on the CLI only:

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2.4GHz Cius 720p Video Call to Cius Video

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2.4GHz 720p Video Call RTP Analysis

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2.4GHz 720p Video Call RTP Analysis (Continued)

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Video Call After A-MSDU and A-MPDU Changes

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Configure for Capacity Voice

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Xoom, iPad, Galaxy Tab, Droid Charge, Cius

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Thomas Edisons Telephonescope

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

However They Can Share the Same WLAN

Use a Security Type that is Common to All

Roaming Ultimately is Done at the Client Wi-Fi Driver Level

QoS Markings for Similar Applications Maybe Different at the Wi-Fi

Best Practice for Smart Phones is Routinely Check for

Wi-Fi Radio Power and Antenna Differ

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

802.11e CAC for Video Calls

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Configure for best Channel

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.