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1. Semiconductor Devices
Semiconductor diodes, SCR, Diacs, tunnel diodes, optoelectronics devices,
Zener diodes - characteristics and circuit analysis; Junction Field Effect
Transistor - characteristics, load line, biasing and amplifier; Bipolar transistors load line, biasing and amplifier small signal analysis in CE, CC and CB
configurations; MOSFET - characteristics, load line, biasing and amplifier; TTL
utilizing bipolar transistor, MOSFET, NMOS and CMOS; Operational Amplifiers
ideal opamps, feedback, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, summing,
integrator, differentiator, RC and active filters. Integrated circuit concepts, SSI,
MSI VLSI integrated circuits, commercial ICs,
2. Logic circuits
Decimal and binary systems, base conversion methods, complements of
numbers, basic arithmetic of binary numbers, octal and hexadecimal numbers,
Digital fundamentals logic gates, symbols, truth table, Boolean algebra; Design
system building blocks half adder, full adder, encoder, decoder, multiplexer,
de-multiplexer; Sequential digital system concept of memory, flip flop, shift
register, clock, triggering,
3. Digital Electronics
Bipolar transistor switching characteristics, MOS transistor switching
characteristics, Logic circuits utilizing Bipolar transistor, NMOS, CMOS, Memory
RAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM, programmable logic arrays, VLSI, CCDs.
4. Microprocessor fundamentals
Basic computer architecture, Microcomputer devices, bus structure,
synchronous and asynchronous data bus, address bus, read and write
operations and timing, RAM, ROM, UVEPROM, EEPROM, Input/output devices,
parallel and serial interfaces, address decoding, synchronization, ASCII codes,
baud rate, start and stop bit, parity bit, RS232, RS432.
5. Modulation Techniques
Analog and digital communication techniques, Amplitude Modulation
(DSB,SSB,ISB) Compatible AM, Frequency Modulation, Phase Modulation,
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), FDMA, Time Division Multiplexing
(TDMA), CDMA, PCM, PAM, Phase Shift Keying (PSK), BPSK QPSK, DPSK,
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

6. Antenna and Propagation

Antenna fundamentals, Basic antenna parameters, Dipoles, Yagi and Log
Periodic Arrays, HF, VHF, UHF and Microwave antennas and their radiation
patterns, Propagation between antennas, propagation in various radio frequency
spectrum, Fiber optical cables, Losses in fiber optical cables, fiber connections
and splices, transmission line theory, types of coaxial cables and RF connectors.
7. Transmission Lines
Balanced and unbalanced transmission lines, open wire and coaxial
transmission lines, matching techniques, wave guides, travelling and standing
waves, matched and mismatched lines, tuned circuits, filters, phase shift,
adequate knowledge of various coaxial cables and connectors.
8. Communication techniques
Analog and digital electronics circuits, Digital to analog and analog to digital
conversion, PLL, Basic knowledge of wire and radio communication,
Transmitters, Receivers, electromagnetic waves, RF energy, audio and video
signaling, digital and analog signals,
9. Power Supply Systems
Basic knowledge of Diesel/Petrol/Gas/Thermal Generators, Solar Power
System, Storage Batteries, Electric Motors. Single Phase/Three Phase AC
supplies, DC Supply, Voltage and Current Regulators, Inverters, UPS, SMPS,
Isolation and power transformers, surge protectors, Earthing System, Lightning
Protection.
10. Satellite communication
Basic knowledge of satellite communication, Keplers laws, satellite orbits,
Geostationary orbit, Uplink and down link, VSAT and its applications.
11. Test Equipment
Measurement of AC/DC Voltage, Current and Resistance, Analog and Digital
Signal waveforms, Frequency, Audio/Video Signaling, RF Field Strength,
Modulation, RF Power output, VSWR, Earth Resistance, Spectrum analysis
12. Navigational Aids
Role of radio navigational aids in route guidance and landing, Basic concepts of
Non Directional Beacon (NDB), Very High Frequency Omni-Range (VOR),
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) and Instrument Landing System (ILS),
Basic knowledge of satellite based communication, navigation and surveillance,
Operation of GPS and GLONASS.
13. RADAR
Basic concepts of primary and secondary radar.

14. Information Technology

Basic knowledge of computer hardware and software, networking techniques,
internet, intranet, modems, computer protocols.
15. ICAO/ITU
ICAO and ITU as the specialized agencies of the United Nations involved in
specific fields, Members and contracting states, ICAO Standards and
recommended practices, ICAO Annexes to the conventions as the guidelines to
the states, role of ICAO in aviation standardization.
16. Miscellaneous
Applicable laws of Nepal and CAAN for civil aviation

CAAN Business/Administration Regulations 2057

Model Questions
A)

Objective Question
1. In a fiber optical cable light is transmitted due to
a) Refraction
c) Total internal reflection

B)

b) Reflection
d) Total outer refraction

Short Answer Question

1. What is Doppler Effect ?

C)

Long Answer Question

1. Suppose you need to establish a voice and a data link between Kathmandu
and a place which is 10 Km away from the nearest Nepal Telecom
Telephone Exchange. How would you propose the link? Give your analytical
reasoning.

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