Ton th hc sinh lp 11A2 cho mng

cc thy c!
1

TRC NGHIM KIN THC C

1. Hp cht sau c tn gi l g?

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH2 CH2

CH2

CH2

CH3

A. 5-etyl-2,5-imetylhex-1-en

B. 2,5,5-trimetylhept-1-en
C. 3,3,6-trimetylhept-6-en
D. 2-etyl-2,5-imetylhex-5-en.

TRC NGHIM KIN THC C

2. Cu trc khng gian ca phn t etilen l:
A. C cu trc t din u.
B. C 1 lin kt i trong phn t. Cc nguyn t C v
H khng nm trn cng 1 mt phng, gc ha tr l
120o
C. Cc nguyn t C, H (cc lin kt ca lk C-H v 1
lk ca 2C) nm trn cng 1 mt phng gc lin
kt ~120o. Lin kt c hnh thnh do s xen
ph bn ca 2 obitan 2p ca 2C.
D. Cc kin trn sai.

ANKEN (tt)
4

NI DUNG BI HC

TNH CHT VT L

TNH CHT HA HC

Phn ng

Phn ng

Phn ng

cng

trng hp

oxi ha

IU CH V NG DNG
5

Anken
Etilen
Propen
But-1-en

Cu to
CH2=CH2
CH2=CHCH3
CH2=CHCH2CH3

Tnc, Ts,
D, g/cm3
oC
oC
-169 -104 0,57(-110oC)
-186 -47 0,61(-50oC)
-185 -6
0,63 (-6oC)

2-metylpropen CH2=C(CH3)2

-141 -7

0,63 (-7oC)

Pent-1-en
cis-pent-2-en
trans-pent-2-en
Hex-1-en
Hept-1-en
Oct-1-en
Non-1-ent
ec-1-en

-165
-151
-140
-140
-119
-102

0,64 (20oC)
0,66 (20oC)
0,65 (20oC)
0,68 (20oC)
0,70 (20oC)
0,72 (20oC)
0,73 (20oC)
0,74 (20oC)

CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3
cis-CH3CH=CHC2H5
trans-CH3CH=CHC2H5
CH2=CH[CH2]3CH3
CH2=CH[CH2]4CH3
CH2=CH[CH2]5CH3
CH2=CH[CH2]6CH3
CH2=CH[CH2]7CH3

-87

30
37
36
64
93
122
146
171

H
H

1200

H
1200

H
H

CC

C cu phng
Lk : lin kt bn vng.

Lk : lin kt km bn.

Phn ng c trng ca anken l phn ng

cng, phn ng trng hp, phn ng oxi ha.
9

PHN NG CNG
- Phn ng cng vi hiro (phn ng hiro ha).
- Phn ng cng vi halogen (clo hoc brom).
- Phn ng cng vi axit
- Phn ng cng vi nc.

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1. Phn ng cng vi hiro

CH2 = CH2 + H2
CH2 = CH CH3 + H2

CH2

Ni, t0C

?CH3 CH3

Ni, t0C

CH3 CH2 CH3

CH2

Tng qut

CnH2n

H2

Ni, t0C

H
CnH2n+2
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2. Phn ng cng vi halogen

a. Cng clo
Th nghim: CH2=CH2 + Cl2
Hin tng: Nhng git cht lng bm trn thnh
ng nghim.
CH2 = CH2 + Cl 2
Cl
Etilen

Cl

CH2

CH2

1,2 diclo etan

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2. Phn ng cng vi halogen

b. Cng brom
Th nghim: Dn mt lung kh etilen i qua dd
brom mu nu . Hin tng g xy ra?
Hin tng: Dung dch Br2 nht mu dn
CH2 = CH2 + Br2
Br
Nu
Br
Etilen

CH2

CH2

Khng mu
1,2 dibrom etan

C th dng dd Br2 nhn bit anken vi ankan

Tng qut:

CnH2n

X2

CnH2nX2

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3. Phn ng cng vi axit v nc

a. Cng axit: HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4 c,..

CH2 = CH2 + HCl

(k)
CH2 = CH2 + H-OSO3H

CH3 CH2 Cl
Etyl clorua

CH3CH2OSO3H
Etyl hirosunfat

C ch ca phn ng cng axit HA vo anken:

14

3. Phn ng cng vi axit v nc

b. Cng nc (phn ng hirat ha)

CH2 = CH2 + H2O

H+, to

HCH2 CH2 OH
Etanol

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3. Phn ng cng vi axit v nc

c. Hng ca phn ng cng axit v nc vo
anken

CH2 = CH CH3 + HCl

CH2 CH CH3

CH2 CH CH3

Cl

Cl

2 clopropan

spc

H
1 clopropan

spp

16

Quy tc Markovnikov
Phn ng cng HA (tc nhn bt i xng) vo mt
anken bt i xng:
- Phn mang in tch dng (H) ca tc nhn u
tin cng vo C nhiu H hn (C bc thp hn) ca
anken.
- Phn mang in tch m (A) ca tc nhn u tin
cng vo C t H hn (C bc cao hn) ca anken.

17

CH2

CH CH3

H Cl

CH2 CH CH3
+

CH2 = CH CH3 + H OH

OH

spc

Propan - 2 - ol

CH2 CH CH3
OH

spp

Propan - 1 - ol

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4. Phn ng trng hp
Trng hp l qu trnh kt hp lin tip nhiu phn
t nh ging nhau hoc tng t nhau (monome) to
thnh phn t rt ln (polime).

nCH2 = CH2

xt, t0C

( CH2 CH2 )n
Polietilen
(PE)

nCH2 = CH CH3

xt, t0C

( CH2 CH )n
CH3
Polipropilen
(PP)

19

20

5. Phn ng oxi ha
Phn ng oxi ha hon ton:

CnH2n +

3n
2

O2

t 0C

CO2 +

H 2O

Phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton

3CH2 = CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O

3 CH2 CH2 + 2MnO2 + 2KOH

OH

OH

Etilen glicol
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III. IU CH V NG DNG

22

1. iu ch
a. Phng th nghim
CH3CH2OH

H 2 SO4 ,170o

C2H4

H2O

b. Cng nghip

CnH2n
CnH2n+2
xt ,t o

H2

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2. ng dng
- Tng hp cc hp cht cao phn t: PE, PP
- Tng hp cc anehit, axit hu c.
- Nguyn liu cho cng nghip ha hc.
- Keo dn tng hp (keo epoxy).

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Cht rn, mu trng trong, khng thm nc,

khng dn in, mm do khi un nng.

25

POLIPROPILEN (PP)
Cht rn, mu trng sa, c tnh do nhit.

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CNG C
Cu 1:

But 1 en tham gia phn ng cng vi HCl

cho sn phm chnh l:
A. 1 clobutan

C. 1 clobut 1 en

B. 2 clobutan

D. 2 clobut 1 en

CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 + HCl

CH3 CH(Cl) CH2 CH3
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Cu 2:

Dng nc brom lm thuc th c th phn

bit cp cht no di y:
A. Metan v etan

C. Etilen v etan

B. Etilen v propen

D. Propen v Stiren

CH2 = CH2 + Br2 CH2Br CH2Br

Nht mu nc brom

CH3 CH3 + dd Br2 khng phn ng

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