‘Tigu lugn: Phuong phdp dign thé nat | Trang 1 PHUONG PHAP DIEN THE NUT > Phan 1: LOI MO DAU - GIOI THI Ly thuyét mach 1a m6t finh vue khoa hoc ¢6 ¥ nghia quan trong trong vige dao tgo ky su cde nginh K¥ thugt Dign, ign tir - Vin thong, Ty dong diéu khién v.v... N6 c6 pham vi nghién citu rat réng, nhim cung cp cho sinh vién cdc phuong php phan tich, ting hgp mach, la co sé dé thiét ké cac hé théng Dign — Ly thuyét mach 1a mén hoe ly thuyét, dong thdi 1a mn khoa hoe tng dung. NO duge nghién ciru theo hai hung chfnh la: Phin tich mach, tire [a tinh todn cée dai long dign khi da biét cdu tric mach véi cdc théng sé ctia né va ngudn kich thich, va Téng hop mach 1a xfy dymg céc hé théng theo cdc yéu cau da cho vé téc dOng va dap img. Ca hai huéng nghién ciu déu c6 chung co sé todn hge va vat ly. Co s6 vat ly 1a cée dinh ludt vé dign tir trudng, cdn eo 86 tosn hoc Id todn gid tich, 1 thuyét ham hitu ti va phuong trinh vi phan. MACH DIEN I gém nam chuong dé cap dén céc van dé co ban cita phan tfch mach: M6 hinh mach, mé hinh toan, cde dinh lwat co ban cita ly thuyét mach, cae phuong phap phan tich mach tuyén tinh, tap trung, dimg, & xdc lap diéu hoa (sin) va mot chiéu. ‘Chuong 3 gidi thigu cho sinh vién mét sé phuong phdp téng quat dé giai cde mach dign tong déi phite tap, d6 1A phuong trinh dign thé nat va phuong trinh vong. G day, ching ta sé tip trung vao phan PHUONG PHAP THE NUT - 1a mot trong céie phuong phip phan tich mach dign c6 mét céch hé théng va higu qua d6i véi nhimg mach phitc tap. VAA [HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM —LOP BVI-KS - NHOM7‘Tigu lugn: Phuong phdp dién thé nat | Trang 2 2: CO SO LY THUYET 1. Phat biéu: = Chon mét nut lam géc (coi dign thé tai d6 bing 0). ‘Thuong chon nit c6 nhiéu nhanh t6i nhat. ~ Viét phuong trinh cho (d ~ 1) nit cdn Iai theo dinh lugt Kirchhoff 1. = Giai (d— 1) phuong trinh = Tim duge (d~ 1) gid tri dign thé = Tim durge gid tri dign dp cia n nhanh va cdc thong sé khdc. Dinh lugt Kirchhoff 1 (nhac Iai): ~ Phat biéu: Téng dai sé cae dong dién tai mot nuit bat ki bing 0 Scan Ti, (s)=0 Trong a6: > ig(v): gid tri dong dign tite thoi di qua nhénh k tai thoi diém t. > Néu quy ude chiéu dong dign di vao mang dau “+” thi chigu dong dign di ra phai mang déu “—” va nguge lei. Luuy: C6 (d — 1) phuong trinh déc lap tuyén tinh theo dinh Iuat K1 cho mach dign gém d nit "AVAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM ~LOP DVI-KS— NHOM 7Yr Ya» Yan ]]% | Ie Ya Yn = Yuen Jaz Yoo Yan Yaayan |} : Pan Jat Trong dé: > Y\: Téng dn nap cc nhénh néi téi nat i. > Y= crn téng dan nap nhénh néi tiv i téi j. >, ‘Tong dai s6 céc ngudn dong néi véi nét i: * Mang dau “+” néu ngudn di vao nut i. * Mang dau “—” néu ngudn di ra khoi mit i. Vidu 1; Cho mach dign nhw hinh: i i. —_ M2 Ss i120 S40 10/0" DV 90 ‘Tim cde dong dign iy, i> trong mach dign bing phuong phap thé nit. VAA [HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM —LOP BVI-KS - NHOM7‘Tigu lugn: Phuong phdp dién thé nat | Trang & ~ Bién déi nguén 4p 1020°V néi tiép dign tré 5Q thanh nguén dong as 220° A mic song song dign tro 50, ta duge hinh sau: --@--.. 20 e WW Jl = 20 San | orien aon (p)3c30 - Chon ntit @ lim géc. Ta 6 hé phuong trinh K1 déi véi cae bién thé nuit Gus Oy hu sau: 1a stot 5° 2° 94j12 2 a 2 0,74- 0.0533 -05 J] |_ 0,5 0,7 + 0,1 - 2 0,5 gy= le2=i_0.7+ ul 2.266-H0.3 gn 7 (yy )74= 70,0533 -0.5 | 0,273+ 50,0367 = 0,5 0,740, 0.74-j0,0533 2 5 __L732 7.6- 4,07 (V) 0,273+j0,0367 —0,273+ j0,0367 "AVAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM ~LOP DVI-KS— NHOM 7‘Tiéu lugn: Phuong phdp dign thé nit | Trang 5 + Tirdé, ta suy ra duge: aoe =0,2+ j0,95=0,97278°11 (A) 7 =0,4+ j0,434 =0,59.247°33 (A) 3. MGt s6 Iwu ¥ khi ding phuong phap dign thé nit: 1) Néu c6 ngudn dign dp (d6c lap va phy thuée) mac néi tiép voi tro khang thi chuyén sang nguén dong dién mac song song véi tra khéng. 2) Néu c6 nguén 4p nm riéng ré trong m6t nhdnh thi: ~ Ding dinh ly chuyén vi nguén dign 4p, = Chon m6t mit vi ngudn Ap dé lim nit géc, - Khéng viét phurong trinh theo dinh luat Kirchhoff 1 cho mit con lai cia nguén Ap dé nia. Vidy 2: Cho mach dign nhw hinh: 6U AM 20 30 o}-—W—2 M0 Pera 4u ) 2costtV] @ =O Tim thé ciia cée mit & mach dign bang phyong php thé nuit. VAA [HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM —LOP BVI-KS - NHOM7‘Tiéu lugn: Phuong phdp dién thé nat | Trang 6 Gidi - Mach cé mét nhanh chi chita ngudn 4p 2cos[V] (nguén ap ly tuéng) nén khéng thé bién adi thanh ngudn dong duoc. = Chon mét trong hai dau cia ngudn ap ly twéng 1am nut géc. G day, ta chon nit ©, - Vay 93 = 2cost [V] (a) ~ Hai bién cdn Igi can tim la @, va @2. Viet phuong trinh K1 cho hai nat © ‘va © (trénh nuit @ 1a nuit c6 ndi voi nhdnh chira ngudn ap ly twéng): ~ Tacé hé phuong trinh: (2+6)¢, -20, -69, @) 29, +(2+3+4)9,-39,-0 voi + Phuong trinh (2) 14 phuong trinh K1 viét cho nat © + Phuong trinh (3) li phuong trinh KI viét cho nit @ = Tir3 phuong trinh (1), (2), (3) suy ra: Jets Meosttv] 68 17 iii », == ¢' + cos t[V| a= et + Beostt¥1 0, =2c0s{V] 4. Chuyén vi nguon dp: Dinh bis Dong dign chay trong c‘ic nhiinh cia mach dign sé khong thay ddi néu trong tat ca cde nhdnh cing t6i mOt nuit ta ndi vao cde ngudn dign dp ging hét nhau va c6 cue tinh durong déu & cing vé mét phia so véi mut 46. "AVAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM ~LOP DVI-KS— NHOM 7- Dinh ly nay cho phap chuyén nguén Ap ly tuéng tir m6t nhanh dén céc nhnh khdc cing ndi vao mét nat nhu hinh sau: - Ohinh a), nhénh / chi cé nguén ap ly twéng E). Theo din ly trén dong dign trong mach sé khéng thay déi néu tén cdc nhénh J, m,n (ndi vi nit j) ta mac thém vao ngudn dp c6 tri sé bang E, va cuc tinh. - Khi dé trén nhanh / tng dai sé nguén dp 1a E, — E, = 0 twong duong voi ngan mach, do 46 c6 thé xem nhu nguén dp E, 6 nhanh | di duge chuyén én cae nhénh m,n, p nhy hinh b). Vi du 3: Cho mach dign nhw hinh: ‘MW—® Pea S40 G)zcostv1 ~ Tim thé cia cde ntit 6 mach dién bing phuong phap thé nut (ding phép chuyén yj ngudn Ap). "AVAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM ~LOP DVI-KS— NHOM 7‘Tiéu lugn: Phuong phdp dién thé nat | Trang 8 Gidi = Chon @,=0 = Ding phép chuyén vj ngudn 4p, ddi ngudn ap ly tuéng 2cost sang hai nhénh 69 va nhdnh 30 ta duge mach nhw hinh sau. Khi dé nat @ sé tring vei mit ©: e3=94=0 6U AW + >} 2cost V 20 @ O--W AM —€ >) 30 2costv Sw @=O0 = Bién déi cdc ngudn 4p thanh nguén dong tuong duong, ta duge mach dign hur hinh sau, 12cost A TD 6u AM eoost A 2% ir O}-—-W AN 30 Pern Sav @=0 = Viét phuong trinh thé nuit cho hai nat D va @ (2+6)0, +29, 69, =e" +12cost 20, +(24+3+4)o, VAA [HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM —LOP BVI-KS - NHOM7‘Tigu lugn: Phuong phdp dign thé nat | Trang 9 J++ Beosttv] en % te + Reostt¥1 - Cha ¥ ring tréc khi ding phép doi nguén 4p thi mit @ cé6 thé la (p, =2cost{V] cdn sau khi bién ddi thi 93 = 0 5. Bién déi nguén 4p thanh ngudn dong: i 2, ta? fe Gas at} (ris > bw 2, he . 2 . jenty "AVAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM ~LOP DVI-KS— NHOM 7‘Tigu lugn: Phuong phdp dién thé nat | Trang 10 > Phin 3: BAI TAP UNG DUNG Baitip 1; Tim dong trén cdc nhdnh bang phuong phap thé nat 6 mach dign nhu hinh sau: 128 Is a oo ee net M—9—O+o ay wv A. we eA ES tn Gi: = Chon 9, =0. - Tacé hé phwong trinh thé mit: B44 -8 4] [o,] [12-1 8 8 0 |) 9, |=] 8-1, 4 0 4+1}(@} [h-12 o Q ° - Mat khéc ta cé: fr a :-9)=2V o ~ Gidi hg 5 phuong trinh (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) ta duge: 9 =6V; , =6V; 9, =4V 1A; 1, =8A = 1, =8(9,-92)=0A "AVAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM ~LOP DVI-KS— NHOM 7‘Tigu lugn: Phuong phdp dién thé nit | Trang 11 Bai tip 2: Xét manh dign nhu trong hinh sau: be oA Zia zeae Qn a Ay E, Zz lot Z, of ot ees | oh é, Zs 2. lee Cf _Sr c & tes 2s) | Zs] | Zl ied] Ife [ts O2 Hay ding phuong phap thé nut tim @,,, 6,,. Chon 6, =0 (O 1a ntt géc) va nhfin xét, Biét ring E,+Es+Ec=0 iét phuong trinh KI cho 5 nit Ay, By, Ci, Or, Oo ta duge: Yo On.-Y24-Ys Oo, =¥i Ba o Yo G4-YoO,-YoO, = YE ® ¥oG6,-¥o0,-¥s0, =YiBe @ BY, 94 “Ye, -Y2 Ou, —¥a Oe, =0 ® BY, 0, -¥s0a,-Ys nse, =0 o (6) Sees eet - TH) 30, -7(. +8444} ” "AVAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM ~LOP DVI-KS— NHOM 7‘Tigu lugn: Phuong phdp dién thé nit | Trang 12 = COng (1), (2) va (3) Iai ta duge: V1 (O44, )-aH AIG, i(Exvfaebe) ® = Thay 6, » 9, b6i (6), (7) vio (8), ta suy duge: Oa,+5,+ 0c, =Ea+ Ent Ee o - Thay (9) vao (6), (7) , ta duge: _Basbeabe 5 (io Po. ~ Vicée nit O, O}, O; cé6 cing thé nén cé thé néi ching Iai véi nhau thinh m6t ma khong lam thay déi tinh trang eiia mach. ~ Tir dé ta cé thé tach so dé tir dé bai thanh ba so dé a), b), c) nhu sau. a) A AL & +}-—# ere Z Bin o rae hao as 0=0,=0, >) B By be pes] Ze ler Zz, isch "AVAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM ~LOP DVI-KS— NHOM 7ieaf = Detinh O,,, Ly, La, La, 06 thé ding so dd a). = Dé tinh Of. is,. fs, 06 thé diing so dd b). ~ Dé tinh G,, ic, fe, He, c6 thé ding so d5 c). ~ Cae so dé hinh a, b, ¢ thudng duge goi la cde so dé mét sgi, va phyong phép nhu trén goi li phuong phap mét soi. "AVAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM ~LOP DVI-KS— NHOM 7‘Tigu lugn: Phuong phdp dién thé nit | Trang 14 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1, MACH DIENI Téc gid: + Pham Thi Cu (chi bién) +Lé Minh Cuong + Truong Trong Tun MY 2. Bai tip MACH DIEN I Téc gid: + Pham Thi Cu (chi bién) +Lé Minh Cuong + Truong Trong Tuan My “¥VAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM — LOP DV1-K5 — NHOM 7‘Tigu lugn: Phuong php dién thé nat | Trang 15 MUC LUC -> Phin 1: LOI MO DAU - GIO! THIEU DE TAL 1 > Phin 2: CO SO LY THUYET 2 1. Phat biéu 2 2. Cong thite 3 3. Mot sé lun ¥ khi ding phuong phap dign thé nuit 5 4. Chuyén vi nguén dp. 6 9 > Phan 3: BAI TAP AP DUNG. 10 "AVAA | HOC VIEN HANG KHONG VIET NAM ~LOP DVI-KS— NHOM 7