Bi tiu lun mn hc ng c chuyn dng

1. Lch s pht trin ca ng c Rotary.

Nh sng ch ngi c Felix Wankel bt u phc tho cc bn v t u
nhng nm 20. ng c cp bng sng ch u tin cho vic ch to ng c
Rotary vo nm 1936.
Nm 1957, sau gn 30 nm nghin cu, k s c Wankel pht minh ra
ng c Rotary. ng c v nhm, dung tch cng tc khong 125cm3, nng 11kg,
cng sut t c 45HP, trc quay t ti vn tc 17.000 vng/pht. ng c ny
u tin c s dng cho my bm v my nn. Sau Wankel cng tc vi nh
sn xut t v xe my c l NSU, ng c Rotary Wankel mi thc s c a
vo s dng trn t. Nhng chic xe u tin trang b ng c Wankel l xe sedan
NSU th nghim, ch to vo cui thp k 50 v u thp k 60. Chic xe u tin
gn ng c Wankel l NSU Spider, ch to t nm 1964 n nm 1967. l mt
chic xe nh hai ch vi mt ng c 500cc, mt con xoay (single rotor), cng sut
50 m lc. Phin bn k tip l NSU R080 nm 1968, mt chic sedan 4 ca vi
ng c hai rotor (twin rotor).
Vo cui nhng nm 50 v u 60, nhiu nh sn xut t mua li bn
quyn ch to t NSU. General Motors cho ch to mt vi ng c t gia vi 2
v 4 rotor vo u thp k 70. Nhng nhng quy nh v nng kh thi, chnh
sch ca hng xe cng cuc khng hong du la u tin bin chic xe Corvette
mang ng c Wankel t gia tr thnh mt huyn thoi cht yu. Mercedes-Benz
cng tng sn xut mt s xe concept nhng nm 60 v 70. Mt s lng nh xe
C111 vo thi , trang b c ng c 3 v 4 rotor, c kh nng tng tc 0-100 km/h
ch sau chng 5 giy. Nhng cng nh xe Corvette mang ng c xoay, Mercedes
C111 l nn nhn ca cuc khng hong du la thp k 70 v chnh sch pht trin
ca cng ty.
Nm 1961, Mazda mua li bn quyn v ngy 30/5/1967, chic mazda
Cosmo Sport 110S trang b ng c Rotary u tin trn th gii chnh thc
c tiu th ti Nht Bn. Cng c nhng phin bn sedan, Mazda cho ra i
hn 100.000 ng c rotary cho ti nm 1970. S ra i lin tip ca xe RX-2, 3, 4,
5 nhng chic wagon ca Mazda khin ng c Wankel tr nn c ch
trong nhng nm 70. Thm ch ngi ta cn ch to c xe pickup trang b ng c
xoay. Sau , nm 1978, chic RX-8 xut hin v li du n kh phai trong lch
s pht trin t.
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Bi tiu lun mn hc ng c chuyn dng

Hin nay, vic gim lng kh thi nhim t ng c s dng nhin liu
xng tip tc l vn quan tm hng u ca cc hng xe. Trong khi , Mazda
bt u th nghim nhng chic xe trang b ng c xoay chy bng kh hydro
2. c im ca ng c Rotary.
- ng c Rotary l kch thc nh hn hn ng c pt tng c cng dung
tch xy lanh, c cu n gin v vn hnh m i hn.
- Trong nhng ng c mt con xoay (single rotor), ch c hai phn chuyn
ng (moving part), l rotor v trc quay. Nu gn thm rotor nh phn ln cc
ng c xoay Mazda hin nay, vn ch c 3 phn chuyn ng. V do qu trnh ht,
x thc hin thng qua cc cng trong lng v bc nn khng cn c trc cam cng
nh cc van. Khng phi chu nhng tc ng ln xung (ca pt tng v tay n
trong mt ng c pt tng thng thng), nn ng c Rotary c rt t s rung lc.
- Thi gian bm ho kh ngn, t s nn thp lm qu trnh chy c hiu sut
thp, thng b r r gia cc khoan lin k, gy gim p bung t nn thng t
khng ht lm tiu hao nhin liu.
3. Kt cu ca ng c Rotary.

Hnh 3.1. ng c Rotary 2 xy lanh

Trong mt ng c Rotary, Xy lanh c dng trochoid hay epitrochoid, trong
c mt pt tng tam gic quay trn. Nh c cu cam trn lch tm (offset lobe)
trn ct my (crankshaft), bnh rng nh v (fixed gear) trn np xy lanh (end
piece) v vng rng ca pt tng (rotor gear) nn khi quay ba nh ca pi lun tip
xc vi lng xy lanh. gia tng bn cho ng c, lng xy lanh c m mt
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Bi tiu lun mn hc ng c chuyn dng

lp mng hp kim chng ma st. Trn xy lanh c nhng mch cha nc lm mt
ng c (coolant passageway), ca np, ca x v ct my c nhng mch nht
ngm lm trn cc ct my v cc v tr tip xc gia ct my v pt tng, gia
pt tng v xy lanh.

Hnh 3.2. Kt cu Xy lanh ng c Rotary

Cc nh ca piston (apex) c cc ming m (seal) ngn v hai mt bn ca
piston c nhng vng m c nhim v ging nh xt mng (piston ring) ca ng
c thng, dng lm kn cc v tr tip xc ca piston v xy lanh. Cnh ca piston
(face hay flank) c nhng khong lm (combustion chamber recess) nhm to ra
mt hnh lang thng thng gia hai phn bung t trong th nn nhin liu c
th c t chy trn vn.

Hnh 3.3. Pt tng ng c Rotary

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Bi tiu lun mn hc ng c chuyn dng

S cam trn lch tm n khp vi pt tng c trn ct my tng ng vi s
xy lanh ca ng c. lch tm (eccentricity) hay khong cch gia tm ca ct
my v tm ca cam trn lch tm chnh l cnh tay n to nn moment cho ct
my trong th n dn. Tr s ca lch tm v chuyn ng tng i gia pt
tng v cam lch tm khin cho ct my quay 3 vng trong khi pt tng ch quay 1
vng.

Hnh 3.4. Ct my ca ng c 2 xy lanh

Hnh 3.5. Cc chi tit tho ri ca ng c Rotary

4. Nguyn l hot ng.

Hnh 6. Qu trnh lm vic ca ng c Rotary

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Bi tiu lun mn hc ng c chuyn dng

* K np (Intake): Piston m l np np xy lanh, th tch y ln dn to
nn sc ht hn hp xng v gi (ha kh) vo xy lanh.

* K nn (Compression): Ha kh b nn nh dn khin cho nhit v p

sut ca bung t tng cao.

* K chy gin n (Power):

Bugi trc (leading) bt tia la la t chy phn ln ha kh to lc quay
ch yu cho piston, sau khi piston quay thm mt gc khong t 10 n 15 bugi
sau (trailing) bt tia la t phn ha kh cn li. Do bung t c dng dp v
di, h thng 2 bugi (dual ignition) c thi im nh la khc nhau s gip cho ha
kh c t chy trn vn hn. Bugi trc bt tia la t phn ln ha kh v

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Bi tiu lun mn hc ng c chuyn dng

bugi sau t phn ha kh cn st li, v th khe h chu (plug gap) v c im ca
hai bugi ny khc nhau nn khi lp rp khng th ln ln v tr.

* K x (Exhaust): Piston m l thot vch xy lanh kh chy thot ra

bn ngoi.

Do 3 cnh ca piston lm vic cng lc ln s c 3 ky chy gin n trong

mt vng quay ca pt tng, tng ng vi 3 vng quay ca ct my.

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