Energy and Living Things

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate
Energy storing molecule
Nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups
Energy released when 1 phosphate group is
removed (bond is broken)

Chemical Structure of ATP

Adenine Base

3 Phosphates

Ribose Sugar

What Does ATP Do for You?

It supplies YOU with ENERGY!

How Do We Get Energy From

ATP?
Energy is stored in
a bond between the
last two
phosphates.
Energy is released
by breaking the
high-energy bonds
between the last
two phosphates in
ATP

******
ENERGY
STORED
HERE!!!!!

ATP ADP Cycle: A Battery Analogy

 Autotroph
Makes own food.

Heterotroph
Needs to eat.

How organisms obtain energy

Photosynthesis
Light energy converted
to chemical energy

Cellular Respiration
Cells break down
glucose to get energy

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis
Photo light
Synthesis to make
Photosynthesis plants make food using
light.

The Vacuole
Sacs that help in
particle digestion or
help the cell
maintain its water
balance.
Found mostly in
plants and protists.
Plants have large
central vacuole for
water storage.

Cell Wall
Extra structure surrounding the plasma
membrane in plants, algae, fungi, and
bacteria.

Plants - Made of Cellulose

Fungi - Made of Chitin
Bacteria - Made of Peptidoglycan
Algae Varied components

Chloroplast
Organelle in plant cells that carries out photosynthesis
Contains pigment chlorophyll (green)

The process is broken down into

two parts:
Light reactions
Dark reactions (Calvin Cycle).

Photosynthesis
Occurs in chloroplast
Chlorophyll = pigment
Absorbs mostly blue and red light and reflects
green
Makes leaves look green

Photosynthesis Equation
Carbon dioxide + water oxygen
+ glucose
CO2 + H2O O2 + C6H12O6

Cellular Respiration and

Fermentation
How do heterotrophs get energy?

Where does our energy come

from?

Food
Broken down into nutrients
Energy from glucose converted to ATP
ATP fuels cells

Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Process
Requires Oxygen

Cellular Respiration cont.

Process used by cells to get energy from
glucose
Occurs in mitochondria
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

What happens when theres not

enough oxygen?
Fermentation
breakdown of glucose to produce ATP
Anaerobic Process (happens without oxygen)

Types of Fermentation
Lactic acid Fermentation
Occurs during exercise when muscle cells run out of
oxygen
Causes cramping/soreness

Alcoholic Fermentation
Sugar broken down into alcohol
Done by yeast and some fungus