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OBJECT ENHANCEMENT AND EXTRACTION
Judith M.S, Prewitt
University of Pennsylvani
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
INTRODUCTION
Object enhancement, extraction, characterization and recognition are
closely linked aspects of visual perception, and cognizance of their inter-
play as well as their individual roles is important for the construction of
successful image processing automata. The last two decades have pro-
duced a proliferation of models and computer realizations of sensory and
cognitive processes in which both the degree f separation of these fune-
tions, and the manner of their integration, vary greatly. Past designs have
been influenced heavily by practical considerations, and have tended
to be simplistic. Only recently has technology edvanced enough to permit
unified consideration of all of these operations.
In early work in automated character recognition and aerial recon-
naissance, object detection and recognition were often performed simul-
taneously. Images were either binary or high contrast, and consisted of
standardized shapes or well defined curvilinear. contours. Techniques
for eliminating spurious noise in digitized images and for mending broken
contours were either embedded in the recognition scheme (usually a
variant of template matching), or else handled with a modicum of
auxiliary processing. Objects of interest were identified with little or no
explicit articulation. Surveys of this early work may be found in [127,
181, 202]. In approaches using representations such as Fourier trans-
forms and Haar-Walsh expansions, the distinction between detection and
characterization is also obsewred, but these approaches have the ad-
vantage that no information is lost in the transformation from the origi-
nal image domain to the domain of the representation, and objects can
be resynthesized by inversion of the process [e., 2, 31, 49, 60, 227].
As attention turned toward less stylized scenes with greater tonal and
topological information content, the distinction between sensory and
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