Collective Bargaining is a continuous,

dynamic process of solving problems on the

principles of give and take and balance of
power.
Here, power stands against power- Otto
Kahn Freund
CB takes place when a number work-people
enter into a negotiation as bargaining unit
with an employer or group of employers with
the object of reaching an agreement on the
conditions of employment of the workpeople- Richardson

Representative
Collective
Industrial Democracy
Flexible and mobile
Voluntary
Continuous
Dynamic
Power relationship
Bipartite Process
Complementary Process
It is an art, an advanced form of human relations
Complex

Increase their economic strength for mutual

benefit.
Establish uniform conditions of employment
with a view to avoid industrial disputes and
maintaining stable peace in the industry.
Secure a prompt and fair redressal of
greivances.
Avoid interruptions in work which follow
strikes, go-slow tactics and similar coercive
activities.

Lay down fair rates of wages and norms of

working conditions
Achieve an efficient operation of the plant
Promote the stability and prosperity of the
industry.

Identification of the problem

Collection of data
Selection of negotiators
Climate of negotiation
Bargaining strategy and tactics
Formalizing the agreement
Enforcing the agreement

The failure of some employers to accept trade

unions as a permanent feature of the national
economy.
The failure of both parties to devote enough
time and energy to preparation for CB
The non-availability of factual information.
Unfair practices
The absence of willingness on the part of
either party to assume responsibilities which
are inherent in the CB.

The unequal strength of the parties. Both

sides should be strong enough not to be
shaken or intimidated or over-awed by each
other.
The high expectation of a peaceful inter
relations between the two parties.
The
high
expectation
of
complete
acquiescence of trade union members or
employees once their leaders have been made
to sign.
The excessive dependence on monetary
benefits