ACTECH.EDU.

VN

CM BIN QUANG
Gii thiu chung v nguyn l ca cm bin quang

Cm bin Quang in (Photoelectric Sensor, PES)c th pht hin nhiu dng

vt th khc nhau: t vic pht hin 1 chai nha trn bng chuyn hoc kim tra
xem tay robot gp linh kin t lp t hay cha
Nu khng c cm bin quang th kh m c c t ng ha cng nghip,
ging nh lm vic m khng nhn c vy.
C bn v Cm bin quang
Cm bin quang c u vit g so vi cc loi cm bin khc nh cm bin tim
cn hay cm bin tip xc ?
khng tip xc vi vt th cn pht hin
th pht hin vt t khong cch xa
khng b hao mn / c tui th cao
c thi gian p ng nhanh (v d 1 ms)
c th pht hin mi loi vt th / vt cht

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Cu trc thit k
Cu trc ca cm bin quang kh n gin, bao gm 3 thnh phn chnh:

B Pht sng
B Thu sng
Mch x l tn hiu ra
B pht sng
Ngy nay cm bin quang thng s dng n bn dn LED
(Light Emitting Diode).
nh sng c pht ra theo xung. Nhp iu xung c bit gip cm bin phn
bit c nh sng ca cm bin v nh sng t cc ngun khc (nh nh nng
mt tri hoc nh sng trong phng).
Cc loi LED thng dng nht l LED , LED hng ngoi hoc LED laze. Mt
s dng cm bin c bit dng LED trng hoc xanh l. Ngoi ra cng c LED
vng.
B thu sng
hng thng b thu sng l mt phototransistor (tranzito quang).B phn ny
cm nhn nh sng v chuyn i thnh tn hiu in t l. Hin nay nhiu loi
cm bin quang s dng mch ng dng tch hp chuyn
dng ASIC ( Application Specific Integrated Circuit). Mch ny tch hp tt c
b phn quang, khuch i, mch x l v chc nng vo mt vi mch (IC). Tt

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c cc dng cm bin quang Omron ra mt gn y (nh E3Z, E3T, E3F2) u
s dng ASIC.
B phn thu c th nhn nh sng trc tip t b pht (nh trng hp ca loi
thu-pht), hoc nh sng phn x li t vt b pht hin (trng hp phn x
khuch tn). Bn s tm hiu r hn v cc ch hot ng ny trong chng
sau.
Mch tn hiu ra
Mch u ra chuyn tn hiu t l (analogue) t tranzito quang / ASIC thnh tn
hiu On / Off c khuch i. Khi lng nh sng thu c vt qu mc
ngng c xc nh, tn hiu ra ca cm bin c kch hot.
Mc d mt s loi cm bin th h trc tch hp mch ngun v dng tn hiu
ra l tip im r le vn kh ph bin, ngy nay cc loi cm bin ch yu
dng tn hiu ra bn dn (PNP/NPN).
Mt s cm bin quang cn c c tn hiu t l ra phc v cho cc ng dng o
m.
iu chnh nhy

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Cc loi cm bin quang tiu chun thng c 2 kh nng chnh nhy:
1. Chnh ngng
Ngi s dng c th iu chnh mc ngng, l mc nh sng kch hot
u ra. Khi nh sng thu c bng hoc ln hn ngng, s c tn hiu xut
ra. Trong thc t, thay i ngng s dn n tng hoc gim khong cch pht
hin.
Vic chnh ngng cng c th gip cm bin nhy hn, pht hin c vt nh
hn hoc cc vt trong m. Cm bin quang Omron thng c mt bin tr vn
vt iu chnh ngng. Mt s cm bin cn c nt t ngng (teach) c
ngng thch hp nht cho tng ng dng c th
2. Cng tc chuyn Light-On/Dark-On
Cng tc L-On/D-On thay i tnh trng u ra cm bin. Bn s hiu r hn v
hot ng L-On v D-On phn sau.
Cc loi n bo
Phn ln cm bin quang Omron c 2 n bo:
1. n xanh bo mc n nh
n LED xanh cho bit cm bin ang tnh trng pht hin n nh, ngha l
tn hiu ON (c) hay OFF (khng c) r rng. n ny cng gip cho vic ci
t, chnh cm bin d dng.
2. n bo tn hiu ra vng cam / .
n LED vng cam hay bt khi c vt th c pht hin v c tn hiu u
ra.

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Cu trc khi ca dng E3Z

Bn phi l hnh nh E3Z, dng cm bin quang ph bin nht ca Omron.

Cng tc chuyn Light-On/Dark-On
Nt chnh nhy
B pht sng
B thu sng
u (tn hiu) ra
n ch th

CC LOI CM BIN QUANG

Gii thiu chung
Phn loi theo ch hot ng th cm bin quang c 4 loi sau:

Ch thu pht

Ch phn x (gng)

Ch phn x khuch tn

Ch chng nh hng ca nn

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Ta s tm hiu k hn v 4 ch ny: cc u vit, nhc im cng nh mt s

v d ng dng.
Thu pht
Cm bin dng thu pht c b pht v thu sng tch ring. B pht truyn nh
sng i v b thu nhn nh sng. Nu c vt th chn ngun sng gia hai phn
ny th s c tn hiu ra ca cm bin.
u im:

Khong cch pht hin xa (v d E3Z-T82 c ti 30m), pht hin tt

trong mi trng nhiu bi.

Kh nng xc nh v tr chnh xc ca vt th.

tin cy cao, pht hin c mi loi vt th (tr loi trong sut)

Nhc im:
Mt nhiu thi gian chnh v tr lp t.
Mt nhiu thi gian ni dy v c 2 dy ring bit
Gi thnh sn phm cao
V d ng dng:
Kim sot cng ra vo: Thng thng cng ra vo c knh m / ti che
ngoi. Bi vy cn loi thu pht c cng sng cao xuyn qua lp
knh..

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Mi trng khc nghit: v d trm ra xe, hoc mi trng nhiu bi,
cn c cm bin cng sng cao.
Cc ng dng rng ri khc trong t ng ha cng nghip, c bit trong
trng hp cn xc nh v tr ca vt th.

Phn x gng
B pht truyn nh sng ti mt gng phn chiu lng knh c bit, v phn
x li ti b thu sng ca cm bin. Nu vt th xen vo lung sng, cm bin s
pht tn hiu ra.
u im:

Gi thnh thp hn loi thu pht

Lp t d hn loi thu pht

Chnh nh d dng

Vi vt th c b mt sng bng c th lm cm bin khng pht hin

c, c th dng knh lc phn cc.

Nhc im:

Khong cch pht hin ngn hn loi thu pht (E3Z-R: ch c 4-5m).

Vn cn 2 im lp t cho cm bin v gng

Cm bin phn x gng loi 2 thu knh thng khng pht hin c
vt mt s khong cch ngn nht nh.

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Phn x gng l dng cm bin quang ph bin nht trong cng nghip. Loi
ny c s kt hp tt cc yu t nh pht hin tin cy, khong cch va v
gi thnh hp l.
V d ng dng:

Pht hin vt trn bng chuyn

Cc ng dng ph cp trong nh my

Pht hin chai nha trong (khi dng loi thch hp)

Kim sot ca / cng ra vo trong cc ta nh

Phn x khuch tn
Cm bin dng ny truyn nh sng t b pht ti vt th. Vt ny s phn x li
mt phn nh sng (phn x khuch tn) ngc tr li b thu ca cm bin, kch
hot tn hiu ra.
u im:

Lp t n gin, d dng

Ch cn 1 im lp t duy nht.

Nhc im:
Khong cch pht hin ngn (do ch pht hin c mt phn nh sng
phn x). V d loi E3Z-D: c khong cch pht hin ti a 1m.
T l li en / trngcao; khong cch pht hin ph thuc nhiu vo mu
sc, kch thc, tnh cht b mt ca vt th
nhy v tin cy km hn loi Thu pht v Phn x gng.

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Thng thng, nu khng cn chnh xc cao, hoc kh khn trong vic
lp t gng, ngi ta s dng loi phn x khuch tn.
V d ng dng:

Cc ng dng ph cp trong nh my: nh pht hin vt trn bng chuyn

Cng nghip ch to gch men (dng loi ngun sng rng)

Hn ch nhiu ca nn(BGS)
y l cm bin phn x khuch tn c bit. Trong khi loi thng pht
hintng lng nh sng nhn c, loi BGS pht hin gc ca nh sng phn
x.Cng ngh ny c tn l triangulation (php c tam gic). Bi vy,
nhy ca cm bin s khng ph thuc vo mu sc vt hay nn sau vt.
lm iu ny, cm bin dng 2 it cho b thu (nh hnh bn) hoc 1 mch
it/PSD.
u im:

1 im lp t duy nht

Chnh xc v tin cy hn loi phn x thng (b li trng/en)

C th chnh khong cch pht hin 1 mc nht nh

Nhc im:

Khong cch pht hin ngn; v d E3Z-LS: ch c ti a 200mm

Cm bin BGS ngy cng ph bin hn trong cc ng dng cng nghip v
khng cn gng v pht hin tin cy. Thng thng cm bin BGS lp t bn
cnh hoc bn trn bng chuyn (xem hnh m phng).
Lu : vt bin tr ca cm bin BGS dng E3Z khng iu chnh ngng/
nhy (nh cc model khc), m thay i v tr ca thu knh iu chnh
khong cch pht hin.

Dark-On v Light-On

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Mt tnh nng lin quan n cm bin quang l phn hi ca cm bin khi pht
hin hoc khng pht hin thy nh sng. Tnh nng ny c tn l ch DarkOn hay Light-On. Cc trang tip theo s gii thch k hn!
Tn hiu ra ca cm bin s c khi b thu khng nhn c nh sng.
Cm bin thu pht v phn x gng thng hot ng ch D-On ny. Vt
th ngn tia sng v kch hot tn hiu ra.
Tn hiu ra c khi b thu nhn c nh sng t vt th.
Cm bin phn x v BGS thng hot ng ch L-ON ny. B thu nhn
c nh sng phn x t vt th, v kch hot tn hiu ra.

Ti sao nn chn Cm bin Tim cn?

Mt Cm bin tim cn (cn c gi l Cng tc tim cn hoc n gin l
PROX) phn ng khi c vt gn cm bin. Trong hu ht cc trng hp,
khong cch ny ch l vi mm. Cm bin tim cn thng pht hin v tr cui
ca chi tit my v tn hiu u ra ca cm bin khi ng mt chc nng khc
ca my.
Cc li ch chnh ca cm bin tim cn cng nghip l:
Vn hnh ng tin cy ngay c trong mi trng khc nghit (v d: mi
trng ngoi tri hoc mi trng du m)
Vn hnh/ci t n gin v d dng

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Mc gi hp dn (v d: r hn Cm bin quang in)
Ngy nay, cm bin tim cn c mt trong nhiu loi hnh cng nghip v
ng dng.
Mt s ng dng:
Cng nghip ch to t
Cng nghip my cng c
Cng nghip ch bin thc phm
Xe a dng (v d: xe ti, my nng nghip)
My ra xe

Cc loi Cm bin Tim cn

C 2 loi cm bin tim cn cng nghip chnh l:

Cm bin tim cn cm ng pht hin cc vt bng cch to ra trng in t.
D nhin, thit b ch pht hin c vt kim loi.
Cm bin tim cn in dung pht hin cc vt bng cch to ra trng in
dung tnh in. Do , thit b ny c th pht hin mi loi vt.

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Mc d cm bin cm ng ch pht hin c cc vt kim loi, chng ph bin
hn nhiu trong cng nghip. Nhng cm bin ny t chu nh hng ca cc
nhiu bn ngoi hn nh EMC v cui cng nhng khng km phn quan
trng nhng cm bin ny r hn cm bin in dung.
Trang tip theo s gii thiu cho bn mt s l thuyt k thut v cch vn hnh
ca cm bin cm ng.
Cch vn hnh ca Cm bin Cm ng

Cm bin tim cn cm ng bao gm mt cun dy c cun quanh mt li t

u cm ng. Sng cao tn i qua li dy ny s to ra mt trng in t dao
ng quanh n. Trng in t ny c mt mch bn trong kim sot.
Khi vt kim loi di chuyn v pha trng ny, s to ra dng in (dng in
xoy) trong vt.
Nhng dng in ny gy ra tc ng nh my bin th, do nng lng trong
cun pht hin gim i v dao ng gim xung; mnh ca t trng gim
i.
Mch gim st pht hin ra mc dao ng gim i v sau thay i u ra. vt
c pht hin.
V nguyn tc vn hnh ny s dng trng in t nn cm bin cm ng vt
tri hn cm bin quang in v kh nng chng chu vi mi trng. V d:
du hoc bi thng khng lm nh hng n s vn hnh ca cm bin.

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u ra ca Cm bin Cm ng
Ngy nay, hu ht cm bin cm ng u c c im u ra tranzito c logic
NPN hoc PNP (xem hnh bn phi). Nhng loi ny cn c gi l kiu DC-3
dy.

Trong mt s trng hp ci t, ngi ta s dng cm bin tim cn c 2 kt

ni (m v dng). Chng c gi l kiu DC-2 dy (xem s bn di).

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Thng M/Thng ng

Cm bin tim cn c chia theo ch hot ng thng m (NO) v

thng ng (NC) m t tnh trng c tn hiu u ra ca cm bin sau khi c
hoc khng pht hin c vt.

Thng m: Tn hiu in p cao, khi pht hin ra vt; tn hiu in p thp khi
khng c vt

Thng ng: Tn hiu cao khi khng c vt; tn hiu thp khi pht hin ra vt.
V d minh ha bn tri trnh by cm bin tim cn DC-2 dy c u ra
thng m (NO). u ra hot ng khi vt di chuyn gn cm bin.
Di chuyn chut (=vt) ca bn qua cm bin lm bng n sng
.. by gi, hy xem v d minh ha tng t vi u ra thng ng (NC).
Bng n tt ngay khi vt (chut) di chuyn n gn cm bin.

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Cm bin tim cn c c hai u ra NO v NC c gi l kiu i lp.

Lu : Kiu NO/NC dng cho c cm bin cm ng v cm bin in dung.
Hnh ny trnh by cm bin in dung.
Khong cch Pht hin T l Tiu chun

Khong cch pht hin l mt thng s k thut quan trng khi thit k
PROX trong my.
C ba loi l cm bin tim cn cm ng khong cch pht hin ngn, trung v
di.
Khong cch pht hin c nu trong thng s k thut ca cm bin tim cn
cm ng da trn mc tiu chun di chuyn hng trc ca cm bin. Mc tiu
chun ny l mt bn thp mm hnh vung dy 1 mm, vt c thnh phn chnh
l st (c xc nh theo EN 60947-5-2).

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Lu : i vi cc vt di chuyn hng tm v pha b mt cm ng, khong
cch pht hin s khc!
H s Gim Khong cch Pht hin

Ty thuc vo loi kim loi c s dng, phm vi pht hin c th nh hn

khong cch pht hin nh mc. Bng sau cung cp mc gim khong cch
pht hin gn ng ca mt PROX tiu chun i vi cc vt liu kim loi khc
nhau. Thng tin chi tit v s l thuc vo cc loi kim loi c trong thng tin k
thut ca ti liu mi cm bin cm ng.
Lu : Cc cm bin cm ng c bit c khong cch khng ph thuc vo
khong cch ca loi kim loi s dng. Chng cn c gi l cm bin tim
cn H s 1.
nh hng ca Kch thc Vt

Khong cch pht hin cng chu nh hng ca kch thc ca vt (vt nh
hn s lm gim khong cch pht hin.

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ng thi loi v dy ca lp m cng nh hng n khong cch pht hin
thc.
Khong cch Pht hin tr

tr ca cm bin m t s chnh lch gia khong cch m cm bin hot

ng v khong cch m cm bin tr li trng thi ban u.
tr nh cho php nh v chnh xc vt.
Gi tr ca tr thng nm trong khong 5-10%.
Cm bin Cm ng c bo v

PROX c bo v c cu to gm mt tm chn quanh li t. Tm ny c tc

dng dn trng in t n trc phn u.

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Cm bin tim cn c bo v c th c lp chm bng mt trn b mt kim

loi, nu khng gian cht hp. iu ny cng c li l c th bo v cm bin v
mt c hc.
Tuy nhin, phm vi pht hin b hn ch, nhng c th lp cm bin d dng vi
cc kim loi xung quanh m khng gy ra nh hng no.
Cm bin Cm ng Khng c bo v

Cm bin khng c bo v khng c lp bo v quanh li t. S khc bit

gia cm bin c bo v v khng c bo v c th quan st c mt cch
d dng.
Thit k ny cho khong cch pht hin ln hn cm bin tim cn c bo v.
Cm bin cm ng khng c bo v c khong cch pht hin gn gp i so
vi loi c bo v c cng kch thc ng knh.

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Khng th lp PROX khng c bo v chm bng mt vi b mt kim loi Do

, kh nng bo v v mt c hc thp hn. V t trng m rng ra ti cnh
ca cm bin, nn c th b nh hng ca nhng kim loi trong khu vc
ny. Cm bin tim cn khng c bo v cng nhy cm hn vi giao thoa h
tng..
trnh trc trc khi lp loi cm bin ny, vui lng lm theo cc hng dn c
trong bn d liu.
Chn Cm bin Cm ng
Kt lun: Nu mun chn ng cm bin tim cn cho mt ng dng, cn phi
lu n mt s iu sau:

iu kin c th ca vt (loi kim loi, kch thc, lp m)

Hng chuyn ng ca mc tiu

Vn tc ca mc tiu

nh hng ca kinh loi xung quanh

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nh hng ca nhit , in p, EMC, rung, va chm, m, du,

bt, ha cht hoc cht ty ra

Khong cch pht hin bt buc

E2A - Di sn phm phong ph

Cm bin tim cn cm ng E2A phi l la chn u tin, khi tho lun vi
khch hng ca mnh v PROX. Thit k cht lng cao v tui th lu di ca
E2A mang li gi tr tt nht cho cc ng dng tiu chun.

Khong cch pht hin (trung) c m rng

IP67 v IP69k c kh nng chu nc cao nht
C sn cc loi DC 2 dy, DC 3 dy (NO, NC), DC 4 dy (i lp)
T l gi c-tnh nng tt
Phm vi kt ni rng v c kh nng sa i kt ni khi
Nhm ph c bit:
E2AU (Nhm c Emark chng nhn dnh cho cc xe a dng)
E2A3 (nhm khong cch di)

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E2FM - Thp Khng g Chc chn
Cm bin tim cn cm ng E2FM c c im l b mt cm ng bng thp
khng g c sc bn cao mang li s bo v hon ho trc h hi c hc.

Kh nng chu du khong v cht lm mt v min cm vi cc phoi kim

loi nh trn b mt khin loi cm bin ny l tng trong cc ng dng ct
hoc khoan kim loi.
im ni bt:

V bng thp khng g trn thon thn cung cp s bo v c hc cao nht

iu bin tn s thp min cm vi phoi kim loi

Cp lm chm chy mang li s bo v cao trc h hi ca tia la hn

B mt cm ng siu mnh

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E2EH - Chu Nhit

Nhm cm bin tim cn cm ng E2EH l la chn tt nht cho cc mi

trng i hi kht khe, v d nh lm sch ca ng ra trong cng nghip ch
bin thc phm.
im ni bt:

Chu nhit ln ti 120C

Thn v bng thp khng g SUS316L vi b mt cm ng bng nha

chu nhit

Tiu chun IP69k c kh nng chu nc cao nht

ECOLAB kim tra v chng nhn kh nng chu cht ty ra

E2E C thu nh ng knh nh

Cm bin tim cn cm ng E2E vi ng knh nh t 3 mm n 5,4 mm l
gii php l tng nhng ni c khong khng cht hp. V bng kim loi
mang li s bo v c hc cao.

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im ni bt:

V thu nh c kch thc t 3 mm n 5,4 mm ng knh

V bng thp khng g hoc ng thau

Tn sut chuyn mch 3 kHz

TL-W - Hnh dng phng

cm bin tim cn cm ng TL-W cung cp nhiu cm bin cm ng dng khi

lp n gin trn cc b mt phng. Vi khong cch pht hin t 1,5 mm
n 20 mm, TL-W l gii php l tng cho tt c cc ng dng tiu chun.
im ni bt:

B mt mt trc v mt bn

IP67

Kiu DC 2 dy v DC 3 dy

Khong cch pht hin t 1,5 mm n 20 mm

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E2Q5 - Khong cch di

Do khong cch pht hin di ti 40mm, cm bin tim cn cm ng E2Q5 l
tng cho vic pht hin cc vt kim loi ln, v d: trong dy chuyn lp rp
t

.
im ni bt:

Kt ni cm gic M12

Mch ngn tch hp v bo v chng nhm cc tnh

V tr mt hot ng: Tng trc Y 15, trc X 90

E2S C thu nh Hnh dng Vung

Nhm cm bin tim cn cm ng E2S c c im v nha loi khi thu nh
lp n gin trn cc b mt phng.

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im ni bt:

Kch thc nh

B mt cm ng mt trc v mt bn

Lp n gin bng mt inh vt

IP67

E2K-C Cm bin Tim cn in dung

m bin tim cn in dung E2K cho php pht hin khng tip xc vt bng
kim loi v vt phi kim nh knh, g, nc, du v nha.
Cm bin in dung cn cho php pht hin gin tip cc vt liu bn trong
nhng vt cha phi kim.

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im ni bt:
Khong cch pht hin c th iu chnh t 3 mm n 25 mm
Tng t vi PROX cm ng, khong cch pht hin ti a ca cm bin
in dung ph thuc nhiu vo vt liu c pht hin.