Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nigraphics: Student Manual September 2002 MT10050 - Unigraphics NX
Nigraphics: Student Manual September 2002 MT10050 - Unigraphics NX
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
OF UNIGRAPHICS
STUDENT MANUAL
September 2002
MT10050 - Unigraphics NX
EDS Inc.
Copyright
Proprietary right of Unigraphics Solutions Inc., its subcontractors, or its suppliers are included in this
software, in the data, documentation, or firmware related thereto, and in information disclosed
therein. Neither this software, regardless of the form in which it exists, nor such data, information, or
firmware may be used or disclosed to others for any purpose except as specifically authorized in writing
by Unigraphics Solutions Inc. Recipient by accepting this document or utilizing this software agrees
that neither this document nor the information disclosed herein nor any part thereof shall be
reproduced or transferred to other documents or used or disclosed to others for manufacturing or any
other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by Unigraphics Solutions Inc.
2002 Electronic Data Systems Corporation. All rights reserved.
Restricted Rights Legend
The commercial computer software and related documentation are provided with restricted rights.
Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to the protections and restrictions as
set forth in the Unigraphics Solutions Inc. commercial license for the software and/or documentation
as prescribed in DOD FAR 227-7202-3(a), or for Civilian Agencies, in FAR 27.404(b)(2)(i), and any
successor or similar regulation, as applicable. Unigraphics Solutions Inc., 10824 Hope Street, Cypress,
CA 90630.
Warranties and Liabilities
All warranties and limitations thereof given by Unigraphics Solutions Inc. are set forth in the license
agreement under which the software and/or documentation were provided. Nothing contained within
or implied by the language of this document shall be considered to be a modification of such warranties.
The information and the software that are the subject of this document are subject to change without
notice and should not be considered commitments by Unigraphics Solutions Inc.. Unigraphics
Solutions Inc. assumes no responsibility for any errors that may be contained within this document.
The software discussed within this document is furnished under separate license agreement and is
subject to use only in accordance with the licensing terms and conditions contained therein.
Trademarks
EDS, the EDS logo, UNIGRAPHICS SOLUTIONS, UNIGRAPHICS, GRIP, PARASOLID,
UG, UG/..., UG SOLUTIONS, iMAN are trademarks or registered trademarks of Electronic
Data Systems Corporation or its subsidiaries. All other logos or trademarks used herein are the
property of their respective owners.
February 1999
January 2000
December 2000
September 2001
September 2002
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Course Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Course Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Classroom System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
About Part File Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Part File Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seed Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-3
-3
-4
-4
-5
-5
-6
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Starting Unigraphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unigraphics Site Specific Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unigraphics Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Gateway Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cue/Status line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Menu bar pull down menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Platform Specific Dialog Box Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shared Features of Windows File Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . .
Activity 1 - Creating a New Part file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opening Multiple Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
To Change The Displayed Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 2 - Open an Existing Part File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mouse Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mouse Popup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preselection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple Selection Candidates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Layer Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Layers and Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Model Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-1
1-2
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-9
1-11
1-15
1-15
1-16
1-24
1-25
1-27
1-30
1-30
1-32
1-34
1-34
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ii
Drafting Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engineering Disciplines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moving Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Class Selection Filter Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3 - Save Part As (Copying a Part File) . . . . . . . .
Activity 4 - Closing Part Files and Exiting Unigraphics .
Activity 5 - Establish Toolbar Environment in Modeling
1-34
1-34
1-35
1-36
1-37
1-39
1-41
1-43
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-8
2-10
2-17
2-18
2-19
2-20
2-23
2-26
2-27
2-27
2-28
Form Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Form Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Placement Face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Horizontal and Vertical Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Feature Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Positioning Form Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Positioning Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Positioning Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Examples of Horizontal, Vertical and Angular Positioning
Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hole Creation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 1 - Creating Hole Form Features . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-1
3-2
3-2
3-3
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
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3-14
3-14
3-16
3-21
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Rectangular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 2 - Creating Slot Form Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rectangular Pocket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3 - Creating Pocket Form Features . . . . . . . . . . .
Boss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4 - Creating Boss Form Features . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rectangular Pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 5 - Creating and Positioning a Pad . . . . . . . . . . .
3-22
3-24
3-30
3-30
3-31
3-33
3-34
3-38
3-38
3-39
Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Understanding Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating and Editing Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using Information"Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Used by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 1 - Getting Familiar with Expressions . . . . . . . . .
4-1
4-2
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-4
4-4
4-4
4-5
Face Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Face Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hollow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wall Thickness Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 1 - Performing a Hollow Operation . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 2 - Hollow and Selection Practice . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3 - Creating a Hollow Feature with an Offset . . .
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-3
5-5
5-7
5-9
Edge Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edge Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edge Blend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edge Blends Using Dynamic Input Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 1 - Creating Edge Blends with Dynamic
Input Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chamfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Single Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Double Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offset Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 2 - Performing a Chamfer Operation . . . . . . . . .
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-6
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-12
6-13
7-1
7-2
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iv
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-4
7-4
7-4
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-7
7-8
Introduction to Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Definitions and Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SubAssembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Component Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Component Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Assembly Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TopDown Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BottomUp Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combining Both Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Designing in Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bottom Up Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction to Load Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Load Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Load States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fully Loaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partially Loaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unloaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Load Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Component Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Displayed Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Work Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Make Work Part icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repositioning Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dragging Components Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LeftRight UpDown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-1
8-2
8-2
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-5
8-5
8-5
8-5
8-6
8-7
8-8
8-8
8-8
8-8
8-9
8-9
8-10
8-13
8-13
8-15
8-16
8-16
8-17
8-18
8-20
8-20
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8-20
8-21
8-21
8-22
8-22
8-23
8-24
8-25
10-1
10-2
10-2
10-3
10-5
10-7
10-10
10-10
10-11
10-14
10-15
10-15
10-18
10-19
10-20
10-20
10-20
10-21
10-22
10-29
10-30
10-31
10-32
10-33
10-34
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Precision Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tolerance Type and Tolerance Value Options . . . . . . . . . .
Tolerance Value Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Placement Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arrow Line and Extension Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leader Direction Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Text Justification Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 5 - Creating Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annotation Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Tool Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Placing the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating text Without a Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Text with a Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editing Existing Dimension Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 6 - Using the Annotation Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-35
10-36
10-37
10-39
10-40
10-41
10-42
10-44
10-48
10-49
10-50
10-50
10-51
10-52
10-52
10-53
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User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Datum Axis Through Two Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Datum Axis Through an Edge or Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Datum Axis Through a Cylindrical face . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Datum Axis Through the Intersection of two Faces . . . . .
Editing Datum Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting Datum Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 1 - Constraining Locations using Datums . . . . .
Activity 2 - Relative Datum Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12-3
12-4
12-5
12-6
12-7
12-8
12-9
12-9
12-10
12-19
Sketching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
What is a sketch? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
Why sketch? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3
When should a sketch be used? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
Sketches and the Model Navigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-7
Sketches and Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8
Creating a New Sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-9
The Sketch Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-9
Sketch to Define the Base Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-9
Sketch Associative to Existing Base Feature . . . . . . . . . . . 13-10
Defining the Reference Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-11
Naming a Sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12
The Active Sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-13
Sketch Creation Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-14
Sketch for a Base Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-14
Sketch on an Existing Face or Datum Plane . . . . . . . . . . . 13-14
Activity 1 - Sketch Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-15
Sketch Curve Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-22
Sketch Curve Tool Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-22
Infer Constraints Setting Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-22
Locking a Constraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-23
Snap Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-23
The Infer Point Tool Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-23
Alignment Lines While Creating Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-24
Profile Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-24
Creating Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-26
Creating Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-27
Creating Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-28
Activity 2- Using the Sketch Profile Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-30
Creating Fillets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-39
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Table of Contents
15-1
15-2
15-2
15-3
15-3
15-5
15-5
15-5
15-6
15-6
15-7
15-8
15-8
15-8
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Table of Contents
Deleting Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Update Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 1 - Playback, Move & Delete Features . . . . . . . . .
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Add Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edit Dimension Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delete Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 2 - Edit Features and Positioning Dimensions . .
Activity 3 - Using the Update Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Model Navigator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Display Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Show/Hide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Make Current Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edit Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edit Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Suppress and Unsuppress Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reorder Before/After . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Replace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Object Dependency Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4 - Reordering with the Model Navigator . . . . . .
Reattaching a Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Using the Reattach Menu dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reattach Menu dialog box Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 5 - Reattaching a Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15-9
15-10
15-11
15-15
15-17
15-27
15-28
15-29
15-30
15-30
15-30
15-31
15-35
15-38
15-39
15-40
15-40
15-40
15-41
15-41
15-41
15-41
15-41
15-42
15-42
15-42
15-42
15-42
15-43
15-44
15-46
15-46
15-48
15-50
Instance Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rectangular Instance Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Circular Instance Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 1 - Rectangular Instance Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16-1
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A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-6
A-9
A-10
A-12
A-14
A-16
A-18
A-20
A-22
A-24
A-26
A-28
A-30
A-32
A-34
B-1
B-1
B-2
B-2
B-3
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6
B-7
B-8
B-9
B-10
B-10
B-11
B-12
B-13
B-14
B-14
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C-3
C-6
C-7
C-10
C-11
C-12
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D-28
D-28
D-29
D-32
D-33
D-34
D-35
D-36
D-37
D-40
D-41
D-45
D-46
D-46
D-47
D-47
D-47
D-48
D-49
D-49
D-50
WCS Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defining Points for Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E-1
E-1
Hot Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F-1
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GL-1
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IN-1
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Course Overview
Course Overview
Intended Audience
This course is suited for designers, engineers, manufacturing engineers,
application programmers, NC programmers, CAD/CAM managers, and system
managers who have a need for understanding and using Unigraphics software.
Course Objectives
After successfully completing this course, the student should be able to:
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this class.
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Choose Open.
Username:
Password:
Home Directory:
Parts Directory:
Instructor:
Date:
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Course Overview
Class Standards
The following standards will be used in this class. Standardization allows users
to work with and predict the organization of parts created by others . All work
should be performed in accordance with these standards.
part name
(25 characters)
xxx_xxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxx_xxxxprt
identifier
(3 characters)
TIP
configuration
(4 characters)
extension
(4 characters)
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part name
pau_ x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x _ x p r t
course identifier
(3 characters)
underscore delimiter
extension
(4 characters)
Where the student is requested to save a part file for later use, the initials of
the student's given name, middle name, and surname replace the course
identifier pau" in the new filename with the remainder of the filename
matching the original.
Expressions
The student will notice that there is a standard set of expressions resident in
each of the part files as follows:
Expression Name
Intended Use
bend_r=.5
dia=.5
identifies diameter
h=1
identifies height
l=1
identifies length
out_r=.625
rad=.25
identifies Radius
thk=.06
identifies thickness
w=1
identifies width
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Course Overview
Colors
The following colors are preset to indicate different object types:
Object
Valid colors
Bodies
Solid
Sheet
Green
Yellow
Orange
Blue
Sketches
Sketch Curves
Reference Curves
Cyan
Gray
Datum Features
Aquamarine
White
Red
Seed Part
Seed parts are an effective tool for establishing customer defaults or any
settings that are partdependent (saved with the part file). This may include
nongeometric data such as:
Preferences
Layer categories
Part attributes
TIP
Two seed part files are available for use in this course, pau_seedpart_in for inch
parts and pau_seedpart_mm for metric parts. These files incorporate the
standards described above, and include the TFRTRI view as the default view.
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Definition of Terms
Explicit Modeling
A parametric model is one in which the values (parameters) used for the
definition of the model are stored with the model for future editing. Parameters
may reference each other to establish relationships between the various
features of the model. Examples include the diameter and depth of a hole, or
the length, width, and height of a rectangular pad. The designer's intent may be
that the hole is always as deep as the pad is high. Linking these parameters
together may achieve the desired results. This is not easily accomplished with
an explicit model.
Constraintbased Modeling
Hybrid modeling refers to the selectively combined use of the three types of
modeling described above. Hybrid modelers allow designers to use parametric
modeling where needed, without requiring that the entire model be constrained
before proceeding. Because of this, designers have more flexibility in modeling
techniques. The Unigraphics hybrid modeler supports traditional explicit
geometric modeling along with constraintbased sketching and parametric
feature modeling. All tools are integrated so they can be used in combination.
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Getting Started
Getting Started
Lesson 1
Start Unigraphics.
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Starting Unigraphics
and platform to platform, consult the system administrator for a site specific
procedure to follow. The Unigraphics NX Activity Menu shown below will not
be displayed on Windows workstations, and may or may not be displayed at
Unix workstations. It is shown here to describe the options available in case this
is the normal start dialog box at your site.
Select Starbase" to
enable rotatable
shaded images
Select once to start
Unigraphics
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Unigraphics Windows
No Part
The graphic below shows the No Part" Unigraphics interface. This interface
only allows the user to adjust default options, open an existing part or create a
new part in which to work.
Menu bar:
Use the first mouse button to
select an option from the
pulldown menu
Minimize
Help
Status line
Cue line
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Graphics Window
Restore Down
Resource Bars
Graphics area
Status line:
Displays informational
messages
Cue line:
displays user
prompts
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1
The Cue/Status line appears at the bottom of the main application window. The
purpose of the Cue line is to prompt for user interaction. The purpose of the
Cascade Menu
Menu Bar
PullDown
Menu
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Windows 2000
Graphics shown in this text are from a Windows workstation, some of the dialog
boxes at your classroom workstation may differ slightly from those shown.
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Getting Started
Choosing anywhere away from the list of the available folders and drives will
dismiss the listing without selecting another folder or drive.
The list in the window below the Look In: box shows the available folders and
files in the currently selected directory. The folder symbol represents a
subdirectory, Unigraphics part files have the .prt extension.
button works with the Look in: option menu to
The Up One Level
traverse back up through the directory hierarchy.
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Properties can be
accessed by
selected mouse
button three while
in the Details"
view mode
The ?
button at the top right of the dialog box changes the cursor to
and allows selection of any of the controls in the dialog box for a short
description of its function.
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Shaded radio"
button indicates
selected option
Current
directory path
and file
extension
Step 2 Specify the units of measure for the new part file.
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The creator of a file has read and write access, which means they may modify
the file and save the changes.
Step 4 Save the part.
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Getting Started
Toolbars
The Unigraphics user interface supports the use of Toolbars to allow quick
access to most of the available functionality via logical groupings of common
functionality displayed as Icons. Each application has a set of toolbars which
support functions within that application. In turn, each application can also
have toolbars and icons displayed which allow access to functions which are
most commonly accessed for the specific application (e.g. Modeling vs.
Drafting)
NOTE: When the Unigraphics session is exited, the state of the
Toolbars is saved, this will be the state displayed when the same user
restarts Unigraphics. This is controlled by the Save layout at exit option
under the General tab in the PreferencesUser Interface dialog box.
Toolbars may be in one of two states. The first is undocked where they are free
floating on the screen. The graphic below shows three toolbars in an undocked
state, located randomly by the user on the screen. These toolbars are shown
within the Unigraphics window, but may be located outside the window
depending on screen setup.
Undocked
Toolbars
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The second state that Toolbars may be in is docked, where they anchor to the
main Unigraphics window, either horizontally or vertically. The graphic below
shows several toolbars. The Standard, View and Layer toolbars are docked
horizontally just below the Menu Bar, while some Modeling application
toolbars are docked vertically on the right and left side of the Unigraphics
window. Docked toolbars are always within the Unigraphics window.
Docked Toolbar (Vertical)
Docked
Toolbars
(Horizontal)
1-12
Use the Third Mouse Button within the Unigraphics window, outside the
Graphics window.
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The display of each toolbar, as well as each element of each toolbar, is user
customizable. To turn ON or OFF the display of a toolbar choose
Tools"Customize or click MB3 in the toolbar area and select Customize.
Placing a check in the box next to the toolbar name will instantly display the
toolbar in the graphics area.
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To turn ON or OFF the display of a toolbar element choose the Commands tab.
Placing a check in the box next to the toolbar command will instantly display
the command in the appropriate toolbar. Removing the check turns off the
display.
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1
More than one part file may be loaded at any time. This means that several
parts may be worked on interchangeably. There are two designations for loaded
part files:
Opening Multiple Parts
Work - The part file is accessible for creation and editing operations.
In most cases the displayed part and the work part are the same. There are
times when working in an assembly when it is advantageous that the work part
be other than the displayed part.
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The Customize Dialog box appears and shows the current toolbars which are
displayed.
The Standard toolbar should be displayed on the screen docked in the upper
left corner under the Menu bar.
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Getting Started
Notice that there are no radio buttons for Inches and Millimeters in the Open
Part File dialog box. The units of the file were determined prior to creation and
may not be changed within an active Unigraphics session. A part file's units can
be converted using a program called ug_convert outside of the active
Unigraphics session.
Select pau_intro_1 in the file list box and choose OK, which
opens the file (or doubleclick on the file name).
Notice the Status Line. It displays useful information as to what the system is
doing while the part file is retrieved, as well as other information pertaining to
the operation being performed.
Options for viewing the contents of the file are available on the menu bar.
The graphics area is now active, showing the model in the condition in
which it was last saved.
The title bar of the Unigraphics window displays the current work part in
brackets [pau_intro_1.prt] and that its status is Read Only, meaning that
changes may not be saved in this file.
It is important to keep in mind that a loaded part file is only a copy of what is
stored on disk. Any new work that you do is not permanent until the part file is
saved on disk.
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Click MB3 in the toolbar area and verify the View, Selection
and Utility toolbars are checked ON.
The toolbars are displayed on the screen in an Docked state. Remember that
toolbars may be docked horizontally on the top or bottom and vertically on the
left or right. Locate the toolbars.
View
Selection
Utility
Select on the
Handle
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Drag the toolbar onto the graphics window, note that the
ghosted display of the outside of the window changes in size.
Release MB1.
Notice the toolbar in an undocked condition displays a header with the name
of the toolbar.
Drag the toolbar such that the header portion falls within the
main menu bar as shown below, note that the ghosted display
of the outside of the window changes in size as the cursor
leaves the graphics window.
Locate Here
Release MB1.
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Select Here
Release MB1.
The Utility toolbar remains docked to the Unigraphics window in the proper
position.
Select the View toolbar on the handle and drag the toolbar
such that it is aligned to the right of the Standard toolbar.
Locate Here
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Mouse Navigation
The mouse may be used as well as the keyboard to make selections. Examples
of two different mouse devices are shown. The mouse buttons are referred to as
the first, second, or third mouse buttons, starting from left to right. (This order
can be reversed, for users who prefer that orientation, in most terminal control
panels.)
3-BUTTON MOUSE
2-BUTTON MOUSE
Both buttons
together execute
the second
mouse button
action
The mouse may be used to perform various actions as shown in this chart.
Mouse Button
First Mouse Button (left
only) MB1
Action
Selects or drags objects
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Getting Started
NOTE: The View toolbar may also be used to perform many of the
view manipulation functions found in the View Pop-Up Menu.
Refresh
Fit
Zoom
Zoom Rotate
In/Out
Pan
Wireframe
Settings
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Settings
Wireframe
View
Orientation
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Getting Started
The following table gives a brief summary of some of the options in the popup
menu.
1-26
Option
Description
Apply
Back
Cancel
Refresh
Fit
Fits the entire part to the view. Utilizes the fit percentage
found on the PreferencesVisualizationScreen dialog
box. Generally used in a modeling view.
Zoom
Zoom In/Out
Rotate
Pan
Update Display
Restore
Display Mode
Hidden Edges
Expand
Orient View
Replace View
Undo
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Getting Started
Selection Toolbar
The selection toolbar may be used anytime the selection of an object for
modification or the extraction of data is required. There are three major
categories of objects that a user may focus on: General Objects, Features, and
Components.
Components
General
Objects
Features
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Depending on which category the user has selected, the Type Filter may be used
to narrow the band of selectable objects.
General
Objects
Features
Components
The remaining options of the toolbar may be used to further discriminate in the
selection of objects.
Color
Layer
Reset
Deselect All
Class
Selection Select All
Name Selection
Once an object has been selected, mouse button 3 (MB3) may be used to select
an available operator for that object.
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General Objects
Operations
Features Operations
NOTE:
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Preselection
Preselection allows highlighting of objects that are selectable for various
operations as the selection ball is moved over them. Preselection by default is
ON in Unigraphics. Preselection may be controlled by choosing
Preferences"Selection from the menu bar. The color of the highlighting is
specified in the Color option menu. Preselection also applies to highlighting
objects that are being deselected, usually through use of <Shift> first mouse
button. The state of the Preselection setting is not saved with the part, and lasts
only through the current session.
NOTE: The amount of time the cursor must be stationary for the
ellipsis (+...) to appear can be adjusted by choosing
Preferences"Selection and adjusting the Confirmation slider.
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Layer Control
Unigraphics offers users the control of visibility and selectability of objects by
the use of layers.
A layer is a systemdefined attribute that all objects in Unigraphics must have.
Some other required attributes are color, font, and width.
A layer may be thought of as a partition in the part file that objects reside in, or
on for the purpose of organization. There are 256 usable layers in Unigraphics,
one of which is always the Work Layer. Any of the 256 layers can be assigned to
one of four classifications of status:
Work
Selectable
Visible Only
Invisible
The Work Layer is the layer that objects are created on and is always visible
and selectable while it remains the Work Layer. Layer 1 is the default Work
Layer when starting a new part file. When the Work Layer is changed to
another, the previous Work Layer automatically becomes Selectable and could
then be assigned a status of Visible Only or Invisible.
The number of objects on one layer is not limited. Each user has the freedom to
choose which layers they will create objects on and what the status will be.
However, it should be mentioned that the use of company standards in regards
to layers would be beneficial.
To assign a status to a layer or layers, choose FormatLayer Settings or select
the Layer Settings icon, which may be turned ON in the Utility toolbar as
shown below.
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Layer Settings
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Work Layer
Text Box
Select a layer from the Layer/Status listing and choose one of the four buttons
below the listing.
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Model Geometry
Object Type
Solid Geometry
Interpart Modeling
Sketch Geometry
Curve Geometry
Reference Geometry
Sheet Bodies
Layer Assignment
1-20
15-20
21-40
41-60
61-80
81-100
Category Name
SOLIDS
LINKED_OBJECTS
SKETCHES
CURVES
DATUMS
SHEETS
Layer Assignment
101-110
Category Name
FORMATS
Drafting Objects
Object Type
Drawing Borders
Engineering Disciplines
Object Type
Mechanism Tools
Finite Element Meshes
and Engr. Tools
Manufacturing
Quality Tools
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Layer Assignment
121-130
131-150
Category Name
MECH
CAE
151-180
181-190
MFG
QA
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Getting Started
Moving Layers
In the process of creating a model, there are times when it is necessary to move
an object to a different layer. This option is available using FormatMove to
Layer. The objects which need to be moved are then selected using the Class
Selection menu. Once all of the objects to be moved are selected, the Layer
Move dialog box appears.
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Getting Started
Class Selection
The Class Selection dialog box is used to filter for certain types of objects
during graphics area selection. Normally direct selection using the selection ball
in the graphics area is enough to get the desired object. There are times when
filtering using the Class Selection options is necessary or very helpful to ensure
that only desired object/types are selected. This often occurs in complex parts.
Name filter
Filter methods
Area filters
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Getting Started
Type allows the object types (e.g. curve, edge, body, datums) to be
included or excluded from the selection process.
Other is used to filter for font (line type), width, and userdefined
attributes.
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Getting Started
1-38
Select All selects all objects in the work view by current filter methods
settings.
All but Selected selects all objects in the work view except for those
currently highlighted by selection.
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Getting Started
Up One Level
Enter new
filename
here
In the Save Part File As dialog, use the Save in: option menu
to navigate to the proper directory to save the part file.
(HINT: should be one level up from the parts folder)
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Getting Started
Choose OK.
Type filename
here
The Status Line states that the part file is being saved. When the save is
complete, the message Part file saved" displays. Work in Unigraphics may be
resumed.
Step 4 Save the work.
Once again, Unigraphics informs you in the Status Line that it is saving the
part file. When the save is complete, the message Part file saved" is displayed.
TIP
1-40
You can save your work and exit Unigraphics all at once by choosing
File"Close"Save All and Exit.
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Getting Started
The Close Part dialog box appears showing a list of all open part files, which
currently are ***_intro_1 and ***_new_1 part files.
List of open
part files
***_intro_1
***_new_1
Since the part was not changed since it was last saved, it is immediately closed.
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Getting Started
If the part had been changed, the system displays a warning message letting you
know that the part has been modified since it was last saved.
***_intro_1
Closing the part file does not save the part, it only clears the part file from the
local memory in the workstation. Changes that have been made to the part file
will be lost if the close operation is continued.
Step 2 Learn how to end the Unigraphics work session.
If part file(s) are still open and have been modified, a message displays:
To end Unigraphics, from either Exit message window, you would choose OK.
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Getting Started
Select these
options
A listing with the commands for the Application toolbar is displayed. The
commands displayed on the toolbar are checked in the Commands column.
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Getting Started
Scroll
down
here
Note that the display of the toolbar changes immediately upon selection of
commands.
These toolbar settings will be retained for the Gateway application for the rest
of the course.
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Getting Started
1-46
Click MB3 in the toolbar area and verify that the Standard,
View, Selection, Utility and Application toolbars are checked
ON. Turn OFF all other toolbars. Other toolbars will be
turned ON throughout the course as they are needed.
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Getting Started
Toolbars
Standard
New
View
Refresh
Open
Fit
Save
Zoom
Separator
Selection
Utility Application
Select
Work
Drafting
General
Layer
Objects
Select
Layer
Assemblies
Features
Settings
Select
Separator Gateway
Components
Separator
WCS
Dynamics
Type Filter
Orient
WCS
Reset
Separator
Select All
Zoom
In/Out
Delete
Rotate
Commands
Undo
Pan
Separator
Separator
Information Wireframe
Settings
Shaded
Deselect All
Settings
Wireframe
Separator
View
Up One
Orientation
Level
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Getting Started
SUMMARY
In this lesson you:
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Exited Unigraphics.
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+Z
-X
+Y
-Y
+X
-Z
Origin
This manual will primarily discuss the following different coordinate system
types used in Unigraphics modeling.
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After choosing WCS Dynamics, the WCS displays with handles. The Point
Constructor icon also appears in the upper left hand corner of the graphics
window.
Handles
Point
Constructor
WCS Dynamics
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Vertex
Handle
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End Point
Control Point
Existing Point
Cursor Location
Intersection Point
Inferred Point
Arc/Ellipse/Sphere
Center
Point on Surface
Angle on
Arc/Ellipse
Point on Curve/Edge
Quadrant Point
None
Rectangular
Cylindrical
Spherical
Restores Base
Point values
to zero and
Offset to none
NOTE:
Vector
Along Curve
Axis Handle: If one of the three axis handles is selected a Dynamic Input Field
appears on the graphics window next to the WCS, which allows input of specific
distances or snap increments. This handle will also allow the coordinate system
to be dragged along its axis.
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Rotation
Handle
Axis
Handle
Dynamic
Input Field
Distance/Angle: When the Dynamic Input Field appears next to the WCS the
Distance/Angle fields display the offset distance or rotation that results from a
dragging operation. You can also use these fields to directly enter a distance or
rotation angle.
Snap (Angle/Distance): Using a Rotation handle, you can snap the WCS 45
degrees when you rotate within the Snap (angle) tolerance. The default value
for a tolerance is 45, but you can change the Snap field to adjust the tolerance.
For example, if the Snap (angle) tolerance is set to 5 and you rotate the WCS
anywhere between 40 and 50 from its original position, it will snap to 45. The
Angle field will update to the angle moved as the handle is dragged.
Using an Axis handle, you can snap the WCS incremental distances when you
drag the handle. The default value for a Snap (distance) is 0 (zero), but you can
change the Snap field to adjust the tolerance. The Distance field will update to
the distance moved as the handle is dragged.
Finished Moving: Use the middle mouse button (MB2) to confirm the location
or orientation of the WCS and exit WCS Dynamics.
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Utility Toolbar
The WCS options may also be accessed through the Utility toolbar.
WCS
Dynamics
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Orient
WCS
Display
WCS
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Save
WCS
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Orient WCS: Allows the location and the rotation of the WCS to be altered in
one step. The menu shown below contains the various options to accomplish
WCS orientation.
Before
Using the Xaxis, Yaxis
option to change origin
and rotation in the same
step.
Xaxis
After
Yaxis
NOTE: The Orient option is commonly used to move the WCS back
to the Absolute origin and orientation.
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Select here
(End Pt.)
Select here
(End Pt.)
The vertex is selected by default when entering WCS Dynamics, therefore you
can simply pick points in the graphics window to move the WCS. The relocated
WCS has the same XC, YC, ZC directions as the prior WCS location.
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Select this
handle
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Before
Enter -905 in the Angle text entry field and press Enter.
After
The origin of the WCS is
unchanged, the coordinate
system is rotated about the
XC axis, from the ZC axis
toward the YC axis 90
Select this
corner
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Select this
Handle
Arrow should
point in this
direction
Select
here
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Select this
Handle
Arrow should
point in this
direction
Select
here
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2-15
The following menu appears, listing the various ways to specify a new location
and orientation for the WCS.
Choose OK.
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Primitives
A Primitive is a solid object that is analytic in nature. A Primitive may be
thought of as raw stock", to which material will be added or removed to
achieve the finished part. There are multiple ways of defining each of the four
Primitive types. Primitives may be used as the basic shape at the start of the
solid modeling process. Using one of the Primitive types as the base feature
eliminates the need to create and sweep curve geometry.
When a Primitive is created, its type and its size must be specified as well as its
location and orientation in model space.
The four types of Primitives are:
Block
Cylinder
Cone
Sphere
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Block
A Primitive block may be created by specifying the size and location of the
block in model space. The orientation will be implied from the orientation of
the WCS.
There are three different methods that may be used to create a block. The
middle portion of the dialog and the Selection Steps change depending on the
type of block creation method you choose. This manual will discuss the first
method, Origin, Edge Lengths.
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(InsertForm FeatureBlock)
Choose OK or Apply.
Once the block has been created, its size may be changed by editing the values
that were used for edge lengths during creation.
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Form Feature
Feature Operation
Edit Feature
Modeling Toggles
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Feature
Operation
Modeling
Toggles
Form
Feature
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Toolbars
Form
Feature
Feature
Operation
Edit
Feature
Sketch
Taper
Edit Feature
Parameters
Extruded Body
Edge Blend
Edit
Positioning
Revolved Body
Edge Chamfer
Move Feature
Sweep along
Guide
Hollow
Separator
Separator
Instance
Feature
Suppress
Feature
Unsuppress
Feature
Separator
Delay Update
on Edit
Update
Separator
Feature
Playback
Hole
Commands
Offset Face
Boss
Separator
Unite
Pad
Slot
Subtract
Intersect
Groove
Modeling
Toggles
Form
Feature
Toolbar
Feature
Operation
Toolbar
Edit
Feature
Toolbar
Separator
Datum Plane
Datum Axis
Datum CSYS
Separator
Block
Cylinder
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Select this
handle
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8 (Tab)
Length (YC) =
6 (Tab)
Length (ZC) =
Choose MB2.
Choose MB2.
Notice the WCS rotated back to the absolute orientation but the block stays in
the same orientation. The WCS is only referenced when creating primitives and
is not created associative to it.
Step 4 Change the size of the block.
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is ON in the
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Select this
parameter
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Defining Vectors
Some of the primitives require a direction vector to define in what direction the
primitive will be created. The direction, reference, and destination vectors may
be defined using the Vector Constructor dialog box shown below.
At Angle
Between Two
Points
Edge/Curve
Vector
On Curve
Vector
Inferred
Vector
Face
Normal
Datum Plane
Normal
ZC Axis
Datum Axis
YC Axis
XC Axis
NOTE: The XC, YC, and ZC Axis options are sufficient for the
purpose of this course.
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Cylinder
A Primitive cylinder may be created by specifying the orientation, size and
location of the cylinder. The methods to create cylinders are shown in the next
figure.
In the example below, the direction vector is the ZC Axis. The origin is shown
with the cylinder being created at the specified height in the direction of the
vector.
Direction vector
Origin
ZC
YC
XC
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Choose OK.
Choose OK.
Choose Cancel.
ZC
YC
XC
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15
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SUMMARY
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Form Features
Form Features
Lesson 3
PURPOSE
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3-1
Form Features
Form Features
Form features are used to add detail to the model during creation. These
features include holes, slots, bosses, pads, pockets and grooves. Form features
are fully associative to the geometry and parameter values used to create them.
All form features require a placement face. For a groove, the placement face
must be cylindrical or conical. For all other form features, the placement face
must be planar. This planar placement face defines the XY plane of the
coordinate system for the feature being created. Features are created normal to
the placement face.
A datum plane may be used as the planar placement face. The creation and
use of datum planes is covered in a later lesson.
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Form Features
X+ Vector
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3-3
Form Features
Parallel
Perpendicular
Parallel at a
Distance
Horizontal
Angular
Line
onto
Line
Point
onto
Point
Point
onto
Line
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Form Features
Positioning Terminology
Target Solid - The solid body that a Boolean operation acts upon. In the
context of a Form Feature it is the solid body that the Hole, Slot, Pocket
or Groove will subtract from, or a Boss or Pad will unite with.
Tool Solid -The solid representation of the feature being defined by the
current operation. In the context of a Form Feature it is the
representation of the Hole, Slot, Pocket, Pad, Boss, or Groove that will be
subtracted from or united with the Target Solid.
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Form Features
Positioning Methods
Feature
Coordinate
System
Target edge
Tool edge
Horizontal reference
(datum plane)
1.50
Horizontal
positioning
dimension
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Form Features
Vertical - Specifies the vertical distance between two points, one point
on the target solid and the other point on the tool solid. Vertical is measured
along the Yaxis of the feature coordinate system (i.e. perpendicular to the
Horizontal Reference). As edges are selected, the nearest valid point is selected
(midpoints are not selectable).
Feature Coordinate System
Vertical
positioning
dimension
Target edge
(arc center)
1.50
Tool edge
(arc center)
Horizontal reference
Angular - Specifies that a linear edge on the target solid (also datum
planes or axis) and a linear edge on the tool solid must be at a given angle to
each other. The angle is measured in a counterclockwise direction (with
respect to the feature coordinate system), from the ends of the edges nearest to
where they are selected.
Feature
Coordinate
System
Tool edge
(center line)
30
Angular
positioning
dimension
Target edge
Horizontal reference
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3-7
Form Features
Fully Specified by
Horizontal, Vertical and
Angular Positioning
Dimensions
15
.500
.500
Horizontal
reference
Fully Specified by
Horizontal and Vertical
Positioning Dimensions
1.00
Tool edge
(arc center)
1.00
Horizontal reference
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Form Features
Parallel - Specifies the shortest distance between two points, one point
on the target solid and the other point on the tool solid. As edges are selected,
the nearest valid point is selected (midpoints are not selectable).
Feature
Coordinate
System
Tool edge
(arc center)
1.375
Parallel
positioning
dimension
Target edge
(arc center)
Perpendicular
positioning
dimension
Tool edge
(arc center)
2.00
In the above example the feature (hole) can be fully specified with two
Perpendicular dimensions. Features with length, such as slot, pocket and pad,
will require an additional positioning dimension to control rotation.
TIP
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Form Features
Feature
Coordinate
System
Parallel
positioning
dimension
2.00
Tool edge
(center line)
Target edge
Horizontal reference
Using Parallel at a Distance will solve two of the three degrees of freedom
necessary to fully specify a feature with length, rotational and distance in one
direction. Adding another Parallel at a Distance or Line onto Line dimension
would overspecify the location of the feature. To fully specify the feature in the
above example an additional positioning dimension is required to solve the final
degree of freedom (i.e. Horizontal, Perpendicular, or Point onto Line).
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Form Features
Point onto Point - Specifies that the distance between a point on the target
solid and a point on the tool solid is zero. This is most commonly used to align arc
centers of cylindrical or conical features and fully constrain their location since rotation
is not a degree of freedom for cylindrical or conical features.
Point on tool solid
Point onto Point is the same as the Parallel positioning dimension only the
value is automatically set to zero. This zero value can be edited to a non-zero
value through the EditFeaturePositioning dialog.
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Form Features
Point onto Line - Specifies that the distance between an edge on the target
solid (also datum planes or axis) and a point on the tool solid is zero.
Feature
Coordinate
System
Target edges
(Datum Planes)
Tool edge
(arc center)
Point onto Line is the same as the Perpendicular positioning dimension only the
value is automatically set to zero. This zero value can be edited to a non-zero
value through the EditFeaturePositioning dialog.
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Form Features
Line onto Line - Specifies that the distance between a linear edge on the
target solid (also datum planes or axis) and a linear edge on the tool solid is zero and
they are constrained parallel to each other. This is typically used for features with
Horizontal reference
Feature
Coordinate
System
Target edge
(Datum Plane)
Tool edge
(center line
of slot)
Using Line onto Line will solve two of the three degrees of freedom necessary
to fully specify a feature of length, rotational and translation in one direction.
Adding another Line onto Line or Parallel at a Distance dimension would
overspecify the location of the feature. To fully specify the feature in the above
example an additional positioning dimension is required to solve the final
degree of freedom (i.e. Horizontal, Perpendicular, or Point onto Line).
Line onto Line is the same as the Parallel at a Distance positioning dimension
only the value is automatically set to zero. This zero value can be edited to a
non-zero value through the EditFeaturePositioning dialog.
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Form Features
Hole
This option is used to create simple, counterbore, and countersink holes in an
existing solid. The middle portion of the dialog window changes depending on
the hole type that is selected.
Simple
Placement face
Counterbore
Thru face
Countersink
3-14
Choose OK or Apply.
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Form Features
Simple
Hole Depth
Hole Diameter
Counterbored
CBore Diameter
Hole Depth
CBore Depth
Tip Angle
Countersunk
CSink
Angle
CSink Diameter
Hole Depth
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Form Features
3-16
Length (XC) =
10 (Tab)
Length (YC) =
4 (Tab)
Length (ZC) =
Choose MB2.
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Form Features
Select the top face of the block as shown below. Confirm the
selection if necessary.
is selected.
again
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Form Features
The hole is temporarily represented as a long tool solid that extends beyond the
thru face, as shown in the figure below.
and
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Form Features
Key in the name of the expression (dim_1) and the value (2)
as shown below.
Select the left edge of the top face as shown in the figure
below.
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Form Features
Choose OK.
Since the location of the hole is completely specified, it is moved to the new
position and the Boolean operation is performed. The part now looks like the
following figure.
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Form Features
Slot
This option allows you to create a slot in a solid body as if cut by a milling
machine tool. In each case, the shape of the imaginary cutting tool corresponds
to the slot type and dimensions.
The slot feature will be created so that the axis of the imaginary cutter tool is
normal to the face or datum plane selected. The path of the slot will be parallel
to the horizontal reference selected.
The system prompts for all necessary slot parameters, depending upon the
specific type of slot feature chosen. The slot types are shown in the dialog box
illustrated below.
For all slot types, the Thru slot option extends the slot length along the
placement face in the direction of the horizontal reference through the faces,
specified by the user.
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Form Features
Rectangular
This option allows creation of a slot in an existing solid body using a tool that
has cylindrical end faces and will leave sharp edges along the bottom of the slot.
Rectangular slot parameters are Slot Width, Slot Depth, Slot Length, as shown
below.
ZC
XC
YC
Width
Length
Depth
The width of the rectangular slot represents the diameter of the cylindrical
cutting tool.
The depth of the slot is measured in a parallel orientation to the tool axis, from
the origin point of the slot to the bottom of the slot. Depth values must be
positive.
The length is measured parallel to the horizontal reference (X in the feature
coordinate system). Length values must be positive.
NOTE: The system will not prompt for slot length if the Thru
option has been toggled on. Instead, it prompts for selection of the
two thru faces.
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Form Features
Centerline
First Thru face
Ball Diameter
BallEnd Slot
Top Width
Corner
Radius
Top Depth
Bottom Depth
Depth
Width
USlot
Width
Angle
Bottom Width
TSlot
Dovetail Slot
NOTE: The value of the corner radius of the U-Slot must be less
than 1/2 the width of the slot.
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Form Features
The Cue line prompts you to select the planar placement face.
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Form Features
If the Cue line asks for a selection confirmation, and the top
edges are highlighted, choose the correct number from the
QuickPick dialog box.
If the wrong face is highlighted, select the Back button in the active dialog box.
The Cue line asks for a horizontal reference. The object selected can be a linear
edge, solid face, datum axis, datum plane. Or, a vertical reference could be
specified instead using any of the fore mentioned objects. The horizontal
direction selected will determine the direction in which the slot length will be
placed in the part.
Depth= .5
Length= 3
Choose OK.
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Form Features
The rectangular slot will appear and be placed at the location of the screen pick
on the top of the block.
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Form Features
The Boolean operation is performed. The finished rectangular slot should now
look like this.
Select Back.
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Form Features
.5
Top depth =
.5
Choose OK.
Since thru faces have been defined the slot does not need to be positioned
along its length.
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Form Features
Choose OK.
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Form Features
Pocket
The pocket feature is used to create a cavity in a solid body.
There are three types of pockets:
Cylindrical
Rectangular
General
Rectangular Pocket
This option allows a rectangular pocket to be defined to a specified depth, with
or without a floor and/or corner radius, having either straight or tapered sides.
Positioning
Centerlines
Origin point
Y Length
Corner Radius
Horizontal
Reference
Taper Angle
Z Length
Floor
Radius
Pocket features may be positioned from a tool edge, or from the centerlines
provided for this purpose.
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Form Features
Choose Rectangular.
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Form Features
Y Length =
1.5
Z Length =
Corner Radius =
.5
Floor Radius =
.25
Taper Angle =
Choose OK.
The rectangular pocket appears at the location where the planar placement
face was selected.
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Form Features
Boss
The Boss feature allows the addition of a cylindrical shape to a specified height,
having either straight or tapered sides. The parameters of the boss are
diameter, height and taper angle.
Diameter
Height
Z
Y
Tapered boss
Z
Y
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Form Features
Before
Boss diameter=0.20
Boss height=0.075
After
Choose FileOpen.
Select pau_coverplate_1.
NOTE: The dimensions shown are from the outside of the part, be
sure to select the proper edges to dimension from.
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Form Features
.2
Height =
.075
Taper Angle = 0
Choose Apply.
The boss is temporarily placed on the face where you selected it. The
Positioning dialog box is displayed.
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Form Features
Select a right side edge on the outside of the part for a target
edge for the perpendicular dimension, as shown below.
Front
A temporary display appears that shows the distance from the center of the
boss to the target edge.
Select a front edge on the outside of the part for the target
edge for the second perpendicular dimension, as shown
below.
Target edge
The boss is moved into the correct location and the Boolean operation is
performed.
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Form Features
Repeat Step 2 and Step 3 for the second boss. Use the same
positioning values, this time use the back, outside edge to
locate the boss.
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Form Features
Pad
This option allows a raised pad on a solid body to be created, with or without
taper and corner radii. The parameter values of the pad feature are X, Y, and
Z lengths, corner radius, and taper.
The two types of pads are:
Rectangular
Rectangular Pad
The Length, Width, and Height values of the Pad feature relate directly to the
displayed vector indicating the Horizontal direction. Length is measured along
the displayed vector, Width is measured perpendicular to the displayed vector,
and Height is measured normal to the Placement face.
The Corner Radius specifies the blend radius for the vertical edges of the pad
feature (along the Height). This number may be positive or zero. A zero radius
results in sharp corners on the pad feature.
The Taper Angle is the angle at which the four walls of the pad feature incline
inward, and must be positive or equal to zero. A zero value results in vertical
walls.
Tapered Pad
Length
Positioning
Centerlines
Width
Horizontal reference
Height
Corner Radius
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Form Features
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Form Features
Length =
2.9
Width =
.1
Height =
.0375
Corner Radius =
Taper Angle =
Choose OK.
The pad is temporarily positioned at the location selected for the placement
face.
Step 3 Position the pad.
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Form Features
Tool edge
Target edge
Select a tool edge (the small edge at the top end of the pad)
Target edge
Choose OK.
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Form Features
The pad moves into position and the Boolean operation is performed. The part
should look as shown below:
Step 4 Create the second pad and position it in the same way to
the other boss.
When completed the part should look like the figure shown below.
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Form Features
SUMMARY
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Form Features
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Expressions
Expressions
Lesson 4
PURPOSE
Create Expressions.
Edit Expressions.
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Expressions
Expressions
Expressions are algebraic or arithmetic statements used to control the
characteristics of a part. Expressions define the dimensions and relationships of
a model.
Unigraphics automatically creates expressions when:
a feature is created.
a sketch is dimensioned.
Understanding Expressions
All expressions have a name, a statement, and a value.
NOTE: The total number of characters allowed for the name, equal
sign, statement, and comments in an expression is 132.
The name is the portion of the expression on the left side of the equal sign.
Expression names are alphanumeric strings of text that begin with a letter.
Expressions are case sensitive.
The statement is the portion displayed on the right side of the equal sign. The
statement may be a numeral or an algebraic function and may contain
preexisting expression names.
The value is the result of the evaluation of the statement portion of the
equation within the expression.
Example of an Expression
Length=.5+2*cos(60)
Name
Statement
1.5
Value
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Expressions
Name
Creation order
Reverse creation
Expression List
Expressions editor
and calculator
Used By
Saving changes to
the expressions
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Expressions
Creating Expressions
There are three methods to create expressions:
Procedure:
Click in the expression editor field and key in the entire expression (for
example: rad=1.5).
Press the <Enter> key. The expression is then added to the Expression
List.
Editing Expressions
Procedure:
In the expression editor field, modify the statement (right side of the
equal sign). If the name (left side of the equal sign) is modified, a new
expression will be created.
Using InformationFeature
Many times there is a need to determine what expressions control what features
in the model. By choosing InformationFeature, and selecting the feature(s) in
question, a listing window will show information about the selected feature(s).
Used by
The Used by option provides a means of finding out if an expression is
referenced in another expression and what feature(s) use the expression. To use
this option, choose ToolsExpression, select the expression and then choose
the Used by icon.
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Expressions
The Edit Expression dialog box shown above lists all of the expressions in the
part file. Notice the p0, p1, and p2 expressions. These are default expression
names given to the block.
Step 3 Delete the Block.
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Expressions
Length (XC) =
Length=8 (Tab)
Length (YC) =
Width=6 (Tab)
Length (ZC) =
Height=6/2
Choose OK.
The display on the Edit Expression dialog box should be similar to the one
shown below. Notice the expressions Height, Length, and Width. These
expressions were created during the creation of the block.
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Expressions
The graphic shows the listing window with the information about the feature
selected.
Notice that the Height is tied to the numeric value 6/2. This is not the true
intent of the design. The true intent is that the Height grows proportionally
with the Width. This relationship could not be established upon creation as the
Width expression was not in existence.
Step 7 Change the expression.
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4-7
Expressions
Place the cursor in the text editor field just to the right of the
numeral 6 in the 6/2 expression field.
The value for the expression Height is now changed to Width/2. Any time that
the Width changes the value will change accordingly.
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Expressions
Choose OK.
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Expressions
SUMMARY
Created Expressions.
Edited Expressions.
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Face Operations
Face Operations
Lesson 5
PURPOSE
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Face Operations
Face Operations
Face Operations are available to provide additional definition to the faces of a
model. The Face Operations are Taper, Hollow, and Offset Face .
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Face Operations
Hollow
The Hollow operation creates a cavity inside, or a shell around an existing solid,
based upon a specified thickness. The entire solid body is hollowed during this
operation.
In the figure below, the top face has been selected as the face to be pierced.
Thickness
Face to be
pierced
Before
After
Positive values will hollow the existing solid so that the wall thickness is
measured inward from the original faces of the solid.
Negative values for the wall thickness will result in a hollow that forms a
shell of the specified value around the original solid.
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Face Operations
Body
Face
Offset
face
Pierced
face
Type
Filter
Default
Thickness
Alternate
Thickness
A unique thickness may be assigned for each face with the Offset Face option.
When Offset Face is selected the Alternate Thickness text box becomes active.
Using variable thickness hollows reduces the number of features in the part, as
the offset features are not required, and results in more compact models that
are easier to comprehend.
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Face Operations
Right
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and Restore
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5-5
Face Operations
Right face
5-6
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Face Operations
Front
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Face Operations
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Face Operations
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5-9
Face Operations
Choose OK.
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Face Operations
SUMMARY
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Face Operations
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Edge Operations
Edge Operations
Lesson 6
PURPOSE
Create Blends.
Create Chamfers.
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Edge Operations
Edge Operations
6-2
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Edge Operations
Edge Blend
This option creates cylindrical or conical faces in place of an edge on a solid
body. The system adds or subtracts material depending on the topology of the
solid body and shortens the faces intersecting at the edge selected.
Selected
edge
Blend
radius
Blend
radius
Shortened faces
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Edge Operations
When you achieve the desired radius value, choose the checkmark in the upper
left corner of the graphics screen.
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Edge Operations
You can also access the full Blend Dialog by choosing the Blend Dialog icon at
the upper left corner of the graphics screen. By choosing the Blend Dialog, you
may make changes to the Blend default settings.
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Edge Operations
In this activity you will create Edge Blends using the MB3 pop-up menu and
6
6-6
Choose the edge shown above, click MB3 and choose the
Blend option.
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is ON in the
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Edge Operations
Highlight the Dynamic Input Field and enter .75. Watch the
previewed radius to make sure it looks as desired.
.75
Choose the edge shown below , click MB3 and choose the
Blend option.
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Edge Operations
Notice that the tangent edges were automatically selected. That is because the
Add Tangent Edges toggle is on in the Blend dialog.
.5
If you chose OK at this point, only part of the edge would be blended. Instead
you would like to blend the entire left side of the part. To do this, you must
manually select the additional edges.
Note: At this point, if you wanted to make changes to the Edge
Blend default settings, you could choose the Blend Dialog icon from
the upper left corner of the graphics screen and make the desired
changes.
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Edge Operations
Select the two additional edges at the left side of the part. If
Enable Blend Preview is toggled ON in the dialog, you will
see a preview of each blend as the edge is selected. If Blend
Preview does not display, you can choose the Blend Dialog
icon in the upper left corner of the graphics screen and
toggle Enable Blend Preview ON.
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Edge Operations
Chamfer
This option bevels the edges of a solid body by defining the desired chamfer
dimensions.
There are five methods of creating a chamfer:
Single Offset
Double Offset
Offset Angle
The system adds or subtracts material depending on the topology of the solid
body and shortens the faces intersecting at the edge selected.
Outside
Chamfer
Shortened faces
Inside
Chamfer
Selected
edge
Selected edge
Chamfer
Chamfer
Shortened faces
Removes Material
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Adds material
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Edge Operations
Single Offset
This option allows a chamfer to be placed with an offset that is the same along
both faces, as shown in the figure below (offset 1 and offset 2 have the same
value). This value must be a positive value.
Offset 1
Selected
edge
Face 2
Offset 2
Face 1
The single offset shown below is measured along the path of the curved face
and is not necessarily a linear distance.
Offset
Selected
edge
Face 2
Chamfer
Face 1
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Edge Operations
Double Offset
This option allows different offsets to be placed along the faces. Both of the
offset values must be positive and applied as shown below.
Second
offset
Selected edge
Face 1
First offset
Chamfer
Face 2
Offset Angle
This option allows an offset value and the chamfer angle to be entered. Note
that the chamfer angle is measured from the second face selected.
NOTE: The option of flipping the chamfer is available if the
display is not what is desired.
Angle
Selected
edge
Face 1
Offset
Chamfer
Face 2
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Edge Operations
Edge 1
Choose OK.
Choose OK.
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Edge Operations
Edge 2
Choose OK.
.25
Second Offset = .5
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Edge Operations
SUMMARY
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Edge Operations
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7-1
Refresh
Fit
Zoom
Zoom Rotate
In/Out
Pan
Wireframe
Settings
Shaded
Settings
Wireframe
View
Orientation
7-2
Object Count: Enabling Show Object Count using the checkbox will
change the display in the Layer/Status listing window to a
Layer/Status/Count listing window that shows the number of objects
contained on each layer.
Layer Listing: There is a filtering option menu at the bottom of the dialog
box that allows the Layer/Status listing window to display All Objects,
Layers with Objects, or All Selectable Layers.
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Model Navigator
The Model Navigator may be used to identify the different features of the
model. Selecting a feature from the Model Navigator window will highlight the
selected feature in the graphics area and will also highlight the parent and/or
child features of the selected feature in different colors. Conversely, selecting a
feature from the graphics area will highlight the selected feature and its
parents/children in the Model Navigator window.
The Model Navigator allows the display of features to be temporarily removed
(suppressed) from the graphics screen by selecting the check box associated
with the feature name. When a check is displayed in the box, the feature is
displayed in the graphics area.
The Model Navigator also allows various editing functions to be performed
from a central location. Holding down the third mouse button causes a feature
specific popup menu to be displayed offering pertinent editing options.
To access the Model Navigator in UNIX use the Navigator toolbar and to access
the Model Navigator in Windows use the Resource bar. Both, by default, are
located vertically on the right side of the Unigraphics window.
UNIX:
Icon from
Navigator toolbar
Windows:
Icon from
Resource Bar
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Information
The Information pull down from the main menu offers a number of options for
obtaining information about the model. Some of the most useful menu options
when trying to interrogate a model are listed below with a brief description of
what they do.
InformationFeature
InformationFeature may be used to identify Parent/Child relationships
between the selected feature and the other features in the model. In addition,
expressions that control the feature may be displayed in the graphic screen by
toggling Display Dimensions on.
TIP
InformationExpressionList All
Examining the expressions may reveal associativity that is built between
features or the expressions associated to them.
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Choose ToolsExpressions
An Information window pops up identifying the features that are using the
selected expression.
Identified feature
Used by
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7-5
Analysis Distance
The AnalysisDistance function obtains the minimum distance between any
two Unigraphics objects such as points, curves, planes, bodies, edges, and/or
faces.
The system calculates the three-dimensional distance and the
two-dimensional distance relative to the XC, YC plane. In addition, it returns
the closest point on each object and the delta distances in absolute and work
coordinate systems. The graphics window will indicate the distance measured by
a temporary line.
All data in the Information window is converted to the current units. You can
change the units of measure in the Information window using AnalysisUnits,
and then choosing OK. Once the Information window has displayed the results,
you can verify the distance between one of the selected objects and a new
object. Just select a new first object, and then select one of the previously
selected objects. The new distance is then displayed in the Information window.
You can continue verifying distances between one of the selected objects and
any other object as long as you specify the new unselected object first.
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Start Points
In cases where multiple closest points exist, you may wish to specify a point to
indicate the region of the selected object in which you'd like the system to
calculate the distance. Use Start Point lets you indicate a start point for a
selected curve or face object.
Use Start Point toggles from No to Yes. When you set the toggle to Yes and
select a curve or face, the system displays the Point Subfunction menu, which
allows you to select the desired start point for the curve or face.
Use this option to distinguish between multiple points on an object when the
selection of more than one is possible. For example, if there exists more than
one pair of points that are normal to both objects, the system may not produce
the desired results unless you indicate a start point to use, as shown below.
Point A
Spline B
Specified
start point
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(View toolbar)
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(Utility toolbar)
Notice that there is 1 object on a Solids layer, 8 objects on a Sketches layer and
3 objects on a Datums layer.
Step 4 Identify the Different Features using the Model Navigator.
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Feature Playback
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All of the solid features are suppressed except the reference features and the
sketch. The Edit during Update dialog box informs you that the
FIXED_DATUM_PLANE(0) feature has been updated, this is the base feature
of the model.
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Note that all of the features in the list, except for two fixed datum axes, become
suppressed. This is due to all of the other features in the model sharing some
sort of associativity with these reference features. To get a better idea about
direct associativity to features we will change the listing method of the Model
Navigator.
Place the cursor over the Feature Name header in the Model
Navigator, select MB3 and choose the Quick Look option
from the drop-down list.
Notice that all of the features in the list, except for the two fixed datum axis,
branch out under the first feature in the list. The Quick Look option shows the
parent/child relationships in a tree structure format.
Before unsuppressing the features we will change the listing method back to
Timestamp Order. This will give us a true creation order listing and will show
what features where created from first to last.
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TIP
Place the cursor over the Feature Name header in the Model
Navigator, select MB3 and choose the Timestamp Order
option from the drop-down list.
You can also use the Shift and CTRL keys to select multiple features
from the Model Navigator and then use MB3 one any of the selected
features to Suppress/Unsuppress them together.
Step 7 Find the values that control the Thickness of the Web
Extrusion.
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Orient the view back to the Trimetric using the View toolbar.
again (UNIX) to
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Choose InformationFeature.
Choose MB2.
The information window pops up. It can be seen that p17 is a parallel
positioning dimension with a value of 0 (zero). The logical assumption can be
made that the hole is located Point to Point relative to the Large Knuckle
extrusion.
This finding can be further confirmed by the following actions.
The p17 expression appears at the arc center of the extrusion and hole. If you
don't see the expression, rotate the part.
Choose ToolsExpression.
The information window appears and the expression is identified as one used
on an object A2 in the S21:SKETCH(3) feature.
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Choose InformationFeature.
Select S21:SKETCH(3).
The child objects of the sketch are listed; notice that A2 is present.
Select ArcA2.
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Choose Analysis"Distance.
Select the
arc here.
Select the
arc here.
The Information window appears and the 3D and 2D distances should report
a value of 10.625.
Step 13 Choose File"Close"All Parts.
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SUMMARY
7-18
Identified Expressions.
Measured a distance.
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Introduction to Assemblies
Introduction to Assemblies
Lesson 8
PURPOSE
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8-1
Introduction to Assemblies
SubAssembly
A subassembly is an assembly used as a component within a higher level
assembly. The figure below shows the subassembly of the Integrated Circuit
board for the toy laser gun. A subassembly has components of its own.
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Introduction to Assemblies
Component Objects
A component object is the entity that contains the pointer that links the
assembly back to the master component part.
A component object can also be a subassembly made up of other component
parts and/or component objects.
Shown below are component objects of the sub-assembly. Every piece of the
Integrated Circuit board is a separate component object.
Component
Object
Component
Objects
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Introduction to Assemblies
Component Parts
A component part is a part file pointed to by a component object within an
assembly. The actual geometry is stored in the component part and is
referenced, not copied, by the assembly.
The term piece part is used to refer to master geometry as it exists outside of an
assembly.
component
component
piece part
piece part
Subassembly
This is a
component part of
the top level
assembly.
8-4
component
component
component
piece part
piece part
piece part
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Component
parts of the
subassembly
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Introduction to Assemblies
TopDown Modeling
TopDown Modeling
As the name suggests, an assembly is created at the top level hierarchy and
parts are filed down the hierarchy, creating subassemblies and components.
BottomUp Modeling
A BottomUp assembly modeling approach starts by identifying the lowest level
piece parts that will make up the assembly. Component parts and
subassemblies are created as the process moves up the assembly level
hierarchy.
Designing in Context
The ability to make a component of an assembly the work part while leaving the
assembly itself as the displayed part allows the assembly to be designed in
context. All new geometry that is created is added to the work part. Edits can
be made to the features and expressions residing within the work part.
If a component exists several times in the assembly (i.e. a fastener), any change
to the component while it is the work part will affect all the other occurrences
as well.
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Bottom Up Design
In the BottomUp approach, component parts are designed separate from the
assembly and later added to the assembly. This approach applies to purchased
parts or existing parts.
First, the pin is created in a
separate part file outside
the assembly.
locator_pin.prt
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Controls whether
components are fully
or partially loaded
Controls what to do if
a component is not
found
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Load Method
The Load Method determines where the system will search for the component
parts when an assembly is opened. There are three possible settings.
The As Saved method looks for each component part in the same
directory it was in when the assembly was last saved.
The From Directory method looks for each component in the same
directory as the assembly part.
Load States
The Load Options also controls whether component parts will be fully loaded,
partially loaded, or unloaded when an assembly is opened. These are referred
to as load states.
Fully Loaded
A part is fully loaded if all of its data is loaded into system memory.
All components can be fully loaded by changing the Load Components option
to All Components and toggling Use Partial Loading to off before opening the
assembly.
Partially Loaded
When a part is partially loaded, the system pulls only the data required to
display the part into memory. Components will be partially loaded if Partial
Loading is toggled on when the assembly is opened.
Partially loading components reduces the memory requirements and improves
performance. This is beneficial when working with large assemblies.
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Unloaded
A component part is unloaded if it is not loaded when the assembly is opened.
Component parts may be refrained from loading by changing the Load
Components option to No Components before opening the assembly.
This will drastically reduce the amount of memory required and improve system
performance but no component geometry will be seen. Individual components
or subassemblies may be opened as desired to work on them using FileOpen.
Load Failure
The Abort Load on Failure option controls how the system behaves if a
component part is not found based on the current load method.
When toggled On, the system will not load any parts unless all of the
components are found. The first component it is unable to find will be
listed in an Open Error window.
When toggled Off, the system will open the assembly and load any of the
components that it can find. Those components that are not found will be
listed in an Open Warning window and left unloaded.
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Component Editing
A component part may be added to an assembly by choosing the Add Existing
Component icon from the Assemblies toolbar or the Add Existing button in the
Components PullDown menu under Assemblies. Turn ON the Assemblies
application to access the Assemblies toolbar or the Components PullDown
menu. This toolbar/menu contains most of the functions that affect the
hierarchical structure of the assembly and the relationships between
components. The Assemblies toolbar and the Components PullDown menu
will be available as long as the Assemblies application is turned ON.
1
3
4
or
2
1
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The component part to add is specified in the Select Part dialog box.
There are several ways to identify the part in this dialog box:
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After the part is identified, the Add Existing Part dialog box appears so that it
may be established how the existing part will be added as a component object to
the assembly and what information is stored with it. At this time, the only
change from defaults will be the placement of the part on the Original layers.
Reference Set Allows you to control the amount of data that is loaded from
each component and viewed in the context of an assembly.
8-12
Work - Places all objects from the component part on the current work
layer.
Original - Places each object from the component part on the same layer
in which it resides in the component part file.
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Choosing the Window Loaded Part List, which contains up to the last ten
loaded parts for selection to be the displayed part.
Using the Assembly Navigator pop-up menu. (this will not be covered in
this manual)
Selection Toolbar
The selection toolbar may be used anytime the selection of a component for
modification or the extraction of data is required. This method of editing uses
an Object/Action approach, where the object needing editing is selected first
from the graphic window and then the necessary action is defined. This lesson
will focus on the use of the Select Components option.
Select
Components
Depending on which category the user has selected, the Type Filter may be used
to narrow the band of selectable objects.
Components
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The remaining options of the toolbar may be used to further discriminate in the
selection of objects.
Reset
All icons not shown
Select All
Deselect
All
Up One
Level
Once an object has been selected from the graphic window, mouse button 3
(MB3) may be used to select an available operator for that object.
NOTE: When depressing MB3 the cursor must be on top of the
selected object for the pop-up dialog to appear.
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Window
Choosing WindowMore Parts will activate the Change Displayed Part dialog
box, listing all loaded parts except the one currently displayed.
Selecting geometry from the graphics area (if the current displayed part is
an assembly).
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Selection Toolbar
Select
Components
Once an object has been selected from the graphic window, mouse button 3
(MB3) may be used to select an available operator for that object.
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Choosing the Displayed Part button changes the work part back to the whole
assembly. This makes the displayed part and the work part the same.
Repositioning Components
To access the Reposition Components dialog, the Assemblies application must
first be turned ON. The Reposition Components dialog can be accessed by:
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Translate
Point to
Point
Rotate
About A
Point
Rotate
Between
Two Axes
Reposition
Rotation
Handle
Vertex
Handle
Axis
Handle
Dynamic Repositioning
Coordinate System
Component objects may be repositioned by using the six options at the top of
the dialog window or interactively dragged using the dynamic coordinate
system.
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LeftRight UpDown
LeftRight UpDown
After the component object has been selected, it may be dragged left or right
and up or down, simply by placing the cursor any where in the graphic window
and holding MB1 down. If one of the coordinate system's axis or rotation
handles is currently selected, you must first select the vertex handle to deselect
the other handles. To move the component in the third dimension, while the
object is selected, rotate the part using your spaceball or MB3 Rotate (F7), exit
the rotation mode and continue to drag the object.
Distance field
Snap
Increment
field
Snap Increment
toggle
Keying in a positive or negative value in the distance text field and pressing
return will cause the object to be moved that distance value along the selected
axis. The Snap Increment value acts as a detent, which causes the object to snap
to the incremental value as the object is dragged along the axis. The Snap
Increment option may be toggled off and on as desired.
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Angle field
Snap
Increment
field
Snap Increment
toggle
Keying in a positive or negative value in the angle text field and pressing return
will cause the object to be rotated that value about the respective axis. The
Snap Increment value acts as a detent, which causes the object to snap to the
incremental value as the object is dragged about the axis. The Snap Increment
option may be toggled off and on as desired.
Point to Point
Point to Point allows a component to be translated by indicating a first point
and a second point. The orientation of the translated component with respect
to the second point will be identical to that of the original component with
respect to the first point.
Second Point
(arc center)
First Point
(arc center)
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Translate
Translate provides a means to move a component a delta value with respect to
the reposition coordinate system. Translated components maintain the original
orientation relative to other parts.
This option may be used to rotate components about a vector parallel to the ZC
axis and passing through a specified reference point, as shown below.
A positive rotation direction is counterclockwise.
Component
being
repositioned
Axis of
Rotation
Reference
Point
ZC
YC
Angle = 90 degrees
XC
ZC
YC
XC
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Choose Apply.
Defined
vector
Axis of
Rotation
Angle=90 degrees
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8-24
If the work part is a piece part (lowest level component), only that part
will be saved.
TIP
File"Save All saves all loaded parts in the session that have been
modified regardless of the work part designation.
TIP
Open files for which the user does not have write privilege may not be
saved.
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Choose OK.
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from the
The illustration below shows how the mounting block is to be oriented to the
circuit board. The next step will direct you through the repositioning of the
mounting block.
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Drag the selected rotation handle with MB1 until the angle
text field indicates -90.
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Second point
First point
8-28
Choose OK.
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Select here
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Newly added
component.
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Choose OK.
Choose Cancel.
The system now prompts you to perform a saveas on the top level assembly.
You already own this part file, so this step is not necessary.
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Choose Cancel.
A warning message appears. Currently the load options are set to look for the
component parts in the same directory as the assembly part file. Your assembly
file is saved in your home directory while the component parts are stored in the
course parts directory.
8-32
Choose OK.
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Choose OK.
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SUMMARY
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PURPOSE
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Drafting
Assembly
Master Model
Analysis
N/C
Each application uses a separate assembly file. When the Master Model is
revised, the other applications will automatically update with minimal or no
associativity loss.
The design intent of the various design applications can be maintained through
protection of the Master Model.
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abcd1234.prt
(owned by designer)
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6. Add the drawing formats; title block, border, revision block, standard
notes (Site dependent)
12. Clean up individual views with view dependent edits; erase object, edit
entire object, edit object segment
(EDITVIEW DEPENDENT EDIT)
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9-5
Zoom in on section view A-A and note the slot width of .88
and the corner radius of .12. Both dimensions have been
rounded from the model dimensions to two decimal places.
Slot Width
Corner
Radius
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Restore the view and note the drawing name, SH1, at the
lower left corner.
Choose Modeling.
An information window appears showing the assembly file structure for the file
pau_tapedisp_dwg and indicates that there is one component named
pau_tapedisp. This part contains the Master Model definition.
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Choose OK.
Choose Open.
9-8
Choose ToolsExpression.
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The opening for the tape roll changes in width to accommodate the modified
dimension.
Step 9 Edit the blend on the inside of the spool cavity.
Choose EditFeatureParameters.
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Choose OK.
Choose OK.
Choose Drafting.
Notice the drawing name now shows (OUT-OF-DATE) to remind you the
views are not updated.
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Choose All in the Update Views dialog box and choose OK.
Corner
Radius
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SUMMARY
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Lesson 10
Edit drawings.
Modify Preferences.
Create Dimensions.
Create Annotations.
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Views may be added to the drawing just by indicating their location with
the cursor.
Every view is fully associated with the solid. If the solid is updated, the
views will also update.
Drawing Display
Drawings may be displayed two different ways, full color or monochrome.
Full color is the default setting. In this mode objects are displayed in the color
that they appear in the modeling application and the background is the color
set by the Preferences"Visualization"Color Pallet"Edit Background dialog.
Monochrome Display provides a means for a drawing to appear more like an
actual drawing (black-on-white). Monochrome is toggle on or off by choosing
Preferences"Visualization"Color Pallet"Color Settings and then toggling
Monochrome Display. The foreground and background colors may be set in this
dialog. Show Widths may also be set here but only applies to drawings. When
Monochrome Display is toggled off, drawings will be displayed in full color.
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Editing a Drawing
The Drawing"Edit option may be chosen to change the creation parameters of
a current drawing such as name, size, scale, units of measure, or projection
angle.
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The current state of the displayed drawing affects the edit options available.
The following are things to be aware of:
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Choose Drawing"Edit.
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Enter a new drawing scale in the text fields (1/1) and choose
OK.
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Any modeling view may be used as the first view placed on a drawing.
View direction
ZC
YC
XC
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Viewpoint
Selection
List
View
Specific
Options
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Create Centerline
When toggled ON, this option automatically creates linear, cylindrical, and bolt
circle centerlines (with a circular instance set) for views where the hole or pin
axis is perpendicular or parallel to the plane of the drawing view.
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Choose Drafting.
Choose OK.
The Top viewpoint is the default view orientation. Any one of the listed
viewpoints could be imported as the first view on the face of the drawing.
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View
View Center
View bounds are
ghosted to assist in
view placement
If there is a need to reposition the view after placement, choose the Move
button from the dialog box, then specify a new view center.
Note that the Top viewpoint of the part as it relates to model space is being
placed on the drawing such that it depicts an orthographic front view of the
part. This flexibility assures that the drawing views necessary to depict the part
may be placed on the drawing independent of the orientation of the part in
model space.
Notice the creation of the centerline.
Step 2 Place an orthographic View on the Drawing.
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Orthographic
View
Parent View
The location of the cursor relative to the base view determines the
Orthographic view projection from the parent view.
Step 3 Choose File"Save, do not close the part.
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View
Selection
Box
View
Option
Buttons
Button
Specific
Options
Global
View
Options
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The View Display dialog box may be used to preset preferences for subsequent
views added to the drawing, or this dialog box may be used to edit the settings
of existing drawing views. To edit the View Display preferences of an existing
view, select the view(s) from the drawing, or choose the view(s) from the
selection box.
Hidden Lines=Dashed
Hidden Lines=Invisible
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Smooth Edges
Smooth edges are those edges that their adjacent faces have the same surface
tangent at the edge where they meet.
If the Smooth Edges option is toggled to the On position, the Color, Font and
Width option menus may be used to determine the appearance of the smooth
edges. The End Gaps option may be used to vary the edge intersection
appearance.
Smooth
Edges=On
Smooth
Edges=Off
Smooth Edges=Dashed
Visible Lines
The appearance of visible objects may be determined by using the Color, Font,
and Width option menus.
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Virtual Intersections
Virtual Intersections are the theoretical sharp intersections that occur where
blended faces would intersect, where the display of smooth edges may cause
confusion.
If the Virtual Intersections option is toggled to the On position, the Color, Font
and Width option menus may be used to determine the appearance of the
virtual intersection display. The End Gaps option may be used to vary the edge
intersection appearance.
Virtual Intersections
Extracted Edges
The Extracted Edges option allows the edges of an assembly to be shown
without loading all of the component parts. Edges are extracted at the
component level and remain associative to the component.
Automatic Update
The Automatic Update option may be used to control whether a drawing view
is updated after the model has been changed.
If Automatic Update is turned on, hidden lines, smooth edges, and silhouettes
are updated after changes are made to the model. If Automatic Update is
toggled off, these edges are not updated.
This option does not affect section views, or detail views made from section
views. These views always automatically update after the model is changed.
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Choose OK.
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Symbol
Icons
Point Position
Options
Symbol
Display
Parameters
Preference
Options
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Automatic Centerline
This option automatically creates centerlines in any existing view(s) where the
hole or pin axis is perpendicular or parallel to the plane of the drawing view. If
a series of holes in a circle (bolt hole circle) are not a circular instance set, then
a linear centerline is created for each hole.
The following views are not supported:
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Choose Drafting.
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Place the cursor over the cylindrical face as shown and select
the face using the first mouse button.
*2
1*
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Select this
face
*2
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Select this
face
Notice how you did not have to select the endpoints for this centerline, this is
because Multiple Centerlines was turned on. The completed centerlines are
shown below.
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Choose ***_symbols_1.
Choose OK twice.
Hold the Ctrl key down and select the following views from
the list:
FRONT@16
ORTHO@26
RIGHT@10
SX@25
Choose Apply.
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Creating Dimensions
The various dimensions types may be accessed two different ways. One way is
by choosing InsertDimension and then selecting the desired dimension. The
other way is by choosing the dimension from the customizable Dimension
toolbar.
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Dimension Dialog
Whenever a dimension type is selected a dimension dialog specific to that type
of dimension is displayed.
Name of
dimension type
First
selection
Second
selection
Fold
Location
Origin
Line and point
type definitions
for Cylindrical
dimensions
Point type
Vector definitions
for Angular
dimensions
Annotation editor
for appended text
Local
Preferences
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Existing Line
Two Points
Extension Line
Arc Center
Enter Angle
Horizontal Right
Vertical Up
Horizontal Left
Vertical Down
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Existing Line
Inferred Point
Control Point
Intersection Point
Arc Center
Tangent Point
Baseline
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Local
Preferences
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Annotation Editor
10
In the annotation editor select the required position button. One or all
four positions may be used on the same dimension.
Before
10-34
After
Above
Below
Enter the desired text for the different positions as required and choose
OK.
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Any text entered in the appended text fields will continue to be added to any
new dimensions created unless the Use Appended Text option is toggled off.
Precision Options
The Precision button activates the Dimension Precision dialog box which is used
to independently control the precision of both dimension values and tolerance
values. Both single (Primary) and dual (Secondary) dimensional precision is
supported.
If the dimension display format is set to fractional values (instead of decimal
values) then the Dimension Precision dialog box will show fractional values for
the nominal precision option.
This pull down is active when
using dual dimensions.
OR
For decimal
precision
Example: X.XXX
R 2.195
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Example: X.X
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Click here
Bilateral
Unilateral+
UnilateralBilateral
No tolerance
+Limit, 2 Lines
Tolerance Types
-Limit, 2 Lines
+Limit, 1 Line
-Limit, 1 Line
Basic
Reference
Diameter Reference
Not to Scale
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Tolerance Values
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Some examples of different tolerance values and displays are shown below.
nominal size= 5.50 inches
upper tolerance = .030
lower tolerance = -.010
Equal Bilateral
Only the upper tolerance value
is used; the lower value is ignored.
5.50 ".03
5.50 ) .00
* .01
5.53 5.49
Basic
5.50
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Placement Options
Dimensions placement on the drawing may be controlled using the options
shown below.
Auto Placement
Initial Position
Final Position
Cursor
Movement
cursor
position
cross hairs
Cursor
Movement
Initial Position
Final Position
cursor
position
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Display Arrow
on Side 2
Display Extension
Line on Side 2
Display Extension
Line on Side 1
NOTE: Side 1 refers to the first object selected and Side 2 refers
to the second object selected.
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Example: Left
R 2.000
Infer
From Left
Example: Right
R 2.000
From Right
10
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6.000
12 Places
6.000
12 Places
6.000
12 Places
10
Left/Top Justification
Center/Middle Justification
Right/Bottom Justification
The origin of the dimension may be changed simply by selecting it and dragging
to the new position. The dimension will drag within the constraints that it was
created, i.e. if Automatic Placement was used during creation, the dimension
will remain centered between the arrows.
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Global
Drafting
Preferences
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Choose Insert"Dimension"Horizontal.
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Notice the extension lines are spaced from the linear centerlines, not the arc
centers.
10
Choose Insert"Dimension"Vertical.
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Choose Insert"Dimension"Cylindrical.
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Choose Insert"Dimension"Radius.
Choose Insert"Dimension"Hole.
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Introduction to Drafting
Annotation Editor
The Annotation Editor is used to place other information on the drawing such
as notes, labels, GD&T symbols, and User Defined Symbols. Any of these
symbols can be placed on the drawing with a leader or as a standalone note
without a leader.
Tool Bar
Text Entry
Window
Preview
Window
Symbol
Display and
Text
Preference
Options
Placement
Options
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As text and symbols are entered, the text and control characters appear within
the Text Entry Window. In this window the formatting options available within
the Tool Bar may be used to customize the appearance of the text. The preview
window displays the text as it will appear when it is placed on the drawing.
Save As
Delete Text
Attribute
Paste
Cut
Bold
Font
Character
Scale Factor
TIP
Copy
Clear
Preview
Select Next
Symbol
Underline
Italic
Superscript
Overline
Reset Text
and Dialog
Preferences
Fit to
Preview
Window
Text
Justification
Subscript
To reveal the function of any button, hold the cursor over the icon
until the name of the button appears.
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Create without
Leader
Create with
Leader
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Plain
Plain with All Around
Symbol
Plain with Aligned Arrow
Plain with Aligned Arrow
and All Around Symbol
Extension Line
ASME 1994 / ISO 1983
Datum Feature
Datum on
Annotation
Text
Alignment
Options
Top
Datum on
Stub
Options
Available For
ASME
Y14.5M-1994
ASME 1994 / ISO 1983 Standards
Datum Feature On
Dimension
Middle
Bottom
Below Bottom, Extend to maximum
Below Bottom, Extend to maximum, Underline
Below Bottom
Below Bottom, Underline
Below Top, Extend to maximum
Below Top, Extend to maximum, Underline
10
Below Top
Below Top, Underline
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To create a leader, simply select the reference geometry for the leader end
point, indicate up to seven intermediate leader points (if necessary), select the
preferred leader type, leader side placement, and leader/text alignment. Once
all selections are made for the Create Leader dialog box, choosing OK will
proceed to the Place Annotation dialog box discussed earlier.
Drafting objects may be created with more than one leader by selecting the New
Leader button anytime during the leader creation process.
The default placement method is Drag, but the Point Constructor option may
be used to tie the text location to a control point, arc center, or intersection
point. Text may also be aligned either horizontally or vertically with an existing
drafting object using the Align Text option. The Offset Distance option may be
used to indicate an origin position offset from an existing drafting object. A
horizontal and vertical distance is given as multiples of the current character
size when using the Offset Character option.
Editing Text
Text may be edited in a previously created note or label by selecting it from the
drawing. When a note or label is selected, it is captured in the Text Entry
Window so that changes may be made. When editing is completed, simply
choose the Apply button to accept and display the changes on the drawing.
10
10-52
Dimension
Line/Arrow
Lettering
Units
Radial
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In the Utility tool bar, key in 101 for the work layer.
Choose InsertAnnotation.
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Left Justify
Center Justify
Right Justify
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SUMMARY
Modified a drawing.
Created Dimensions.
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11
PURPOSE
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11-1
Reference Features
11
Reference features are construction tools that assist in the creation of features
In the case where a hole must pierce a cylinder to a certain depth from the
outside of the cylinder, construction tools are necessary. These tools are needed
because the hole feature requires a planar placement face for creation rather
than the cylindrical face of the base solid. The amount of control desired over
placement of a feature sometimes dictates the number of reference features
required. Two examples below show a hole in the side of a cylinder, normal to
the axis of the cylinder. The example on the right requires an additional datum
plane to position the hole perpendicular to the slot.
Plane 3B
Plane 1A
Plane 2A
parameter
Plane 2B
Example A
Plane 1B
Example B
11-2
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Datum Plane
The datum plane option allows a planar reference feature to be created that
may be used:
To act as the planar placement face for the creation of form features (ie:
hole, slot, pad, boss, pocket, etc.).
To trim a body.
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11
A Single Constraint associates the datum plane to the target solid using either
one of the following creation methods:
Using Dual Constraints means that the constraints must be specified in pairs to
create the datum plane. The possible combinations of selections are shown on
the next page.
The Triple Constraint method is inferred by selecting three points on a single
solid body. The Datum Plane is associative to the body and constrained to the
selected points. Only Endpoints and Midpoints on linear edges are selectable.
The Datum Plane Dialog may be used to create datum planes that are more
specific than those you can create with the Inferred method.
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Dual Constraints
First Constraint (selection)
Through Point
Through Edge
Through Edge
Through Datum Axis
Through Cyl/Con/Rev Face Axis
Parallel to Face/Datum Plane
Tangent to Face
Tangent/Normal/Binormal to a Curve/Edge
Through Point
Through Edge
Through Datum Axis
Through Cyl/Con/Rev Face Axis
Angle to Face/Datum Plane
Through Point
Through Edge
Through Datum Axis
Through Cyl/Con/Rev Face Axis
Angle to Face/Datum Plane
Through Point
Through Edge
Normal to Edge
Normal to Datum Axis
Through Datum Axis
Through Cyl/Con/Rev Face Axis
Angle to Face/Datum Plane
Through Edge
Through Datum Axis
Through Point
Through Cyl/Con/Rev Face Axis
Tangent to Face
Tangent to Face
Through Point
Angle to Face/Datum Plane (Angle is 0,
0 90)
Tangent to Face
Through Curve
Through Point
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Offset
Center
Angle
Tangent
Select the base of the normal, drag the datum plane to the desired
location and choose OK.
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Choose OK.
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11
11-8
Choose OK.
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Choose OK.
Select the rotation drag handle and drag the datum plane to the
desired location and choose OK.
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11
11
11-10
Select the planar face or datum plane that the angle will reference.
Select the rotation drag handle and drag the datum plane to the
desired angle and choose OK.
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11
To create a datum plane tangent to a cylindrical face, an additional datum plane
must be created.
Choose OK.
Choose Alternate Solution from the Datum Plane toolbar until the
correct tangent datum plane is previewed.
Choose OK.
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Choose OK.
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Define the normal of the datum plane using Inferred Vector or Vector
Constructor.
Choose OK twice.
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11
In this activity, three relative datum planes will be created. The datum planes
11
created are shown below.
Datum plane 1
Datum plane 2
Datum plane 3
Select the top face of the block and confirm the selection if
necessary.
Pick this top face.
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The top face highlights and a direction vector points normal to the face, in this
case, the positive ZC direction. The vector displays the positive offset direction.
Choose OK.
Datum plane
Datum planes have infinite bounds even though they are displayed with visible
boundaries.
Step 4 Create a second datum plane through three points.
The second datum plane will be created diagonally through the block.
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11
Select the first point and confirm any of the edges. Any of
the edges are acceptable because they share the end point.
First Point
Third Point
Second Point
Choose OK.
The datum plane is created and positioned through the three selected points.
The relationship of this datum plane through the points will remain if the block
parameters are changed.
Step 5 Create the third datum plane midway between the left
and right faces.
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Right Face
Left Face
Choose OK.
The datum plane is created and located at the center of the part and is parallel
to the faces selected.
Choose EditFeatureParameters.
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X Length =
Y Length =
Z Length =
Choose OK.
The revised values are displayed in the graphics area. Again a dialog box
displays options to edit the feature. The feature may still be modified without
updating the model.
If there were more features that needed to be edited, those features could be
selected at this time. In this case, there are no more edits desired.
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11
Notice that the constraints applied to the datum planes at the time of creation
continue to control the positioning of the datum planes after the block is edited.
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11
Select the datum plane, and with the cursor over the selection, click MB3
and choose Edit Parameters.
11-20
Select the datum plane. With the cursor over the selection click MB3 and
choose Delete from the popup menu.
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A hole is required through the cylindrical face at the bottom of the part,
centered in the feature. Relative reference features are required to accomplish
this task.
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11
11
Choose OK
11-22
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Choose OK.
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11
11
Choose OK.
11-24
Choose Hole.
Choose Simple.
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11
Choose OK.
Location
Datum
Placement
Datum
Thru Face
Location Datum
Choose OK.
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11
The newly created hole will remain centered in the part due to its relationship
with the datum planes that are constrained to the solid body.
11-26
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Choose Modeling.
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11
11
Select the right edge (not the mid point) and confirm the
selection if necessary.
Edge
Choose OK.
A datum plane is created at a 20 degree angle from the top of the block and
passes through the selected edge.
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Choose Hole.
Bottom Face
Choose OK.
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11
11
Features are initially positioned in the center of the datum plane. If no other
positioning dimensions are specified, the hole will stay in this position. In this
case the hole will be positioned to the front and right edge of the model.
Select Edge
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Select edge
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11
Choose OK.
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In this activity, you will create a relative datum plane using the Point and
11
Direction option. The intent is to create a hole feature that goes through one
corner of a block and comes out the opposite corner and maintains associativity.
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11
Select this
end point.
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11
Select this
end point.
Select this
end point.
Choose OK twice.
Choose Hole.
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11
Thru Face
Placement Face
If the hole is not going into the block, choose Reverse Side.
Select the far side of the block as the thru face and choose
OK.
Point to Point
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11
Select this
end point
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11
Click on p2=100.000.
Key in 400.
Choose OK twice.
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SUMMARY
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PURPOSE
datum axis.
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12-1
12
Datum Axis
This option allows a linear reference feature to be created that may be used as
a(n):
12
12-2
Directional reference.
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User Interface
When you first open the Datum Axis option, the Datum Axis static toolbar
displays in the upper left corner of the graphics window. The static toolbar uses
the Inferred method to let you quickly create a datum axis based on your object
and constraint selections.
The main Datum Axis dialog is used to create datum axes that are more
complex than those you can create with the Inferred method. To open the main
Datum Axis dialog, click its icon
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12
12
Through Edge
The important function of these Reference Features is that they are associative
to existing geometry.
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Choose OK.
12
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12
12-6
Choose OK.
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Choose OK.
12
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12
Choose OK.
TIP
12-8
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Select a datum axis, and with the cursor over the selection, click MB3 and
choose Edit Parameters.
Use EditFeatureParameters.
Select a datum axis. With the cursor over the selection, click MB3 and
choose Delete.
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12-9
12
12
ZC
YC
XC
A/2
A
Choose Modeling.
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ZC
YC
XC
12
Right Face
Choose OK.
ZC
YC
XC
Front Face
Choose OK.
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Top Face
ZC
YC
XC
Datum Plane
Choose OK.
A datum axis is created at the intersection of the top of the block and the
associative datum plane.
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ZC
YC
XC
12
Right Face
Choose OK.
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12
Choose OK.
12-14
Choose Hole.
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Datum Plane
12
ZC
YC
XC
Bottom Face
Select the bottom face of the block as the Thru Face, confirm
and choose OK.
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12
ZC
YC
XC
Select this
Datum Plane
The hole is located. The hole will always remain on the datum axis and stay
centered in the block.
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12
ZC
YC
XC
Choose OK.
The angle of the hole changes, but the point of entry remains the same.
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ZC
YC
XC
12
ZC
YC
XC
12-18
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The model contains two identical hole patterns. The central hole in each
pattern is located associatively to the relative datum planes in the part. The
hole pattern on the left in the graphic was created by specifying a point in space
and a vector to revolve the pattern about. The pattern on the right was created
by specifying the relative datum axis to revolve the pattern about.
12
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The model updates to reflect the change. Notice that the hole pattern on the
left does not update as expected. This is due to this hole pattern being created
with a nonassociative reference point and direction vector.
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The left hole pattern maintained its relationship to the objects used to define it,
but the nonassociative specified point in space does not change. The hole
pattern on the right that depends on the relative datum axis to define the
rotation point and vector updates as expected.
12
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12
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12-24
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Sketching
Sketching
Lesson 13
PURPOSE
OBJECTIVES
13
Create a sketch.
Identify constraints.
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13-1
Sketching
What is a sketch?
A sketch is a feature that is intended to contain a collection of two dimensional
curves. Using a set of rules applied by the user, a sketch parametrically controls
the two dimensional profile. These rules, called constraints, constitute the
essence of constraint based modeling, a very powerful portion of Unigraphics
solid modeling.
Profiles may be used to produce extruded or revolved features, or to define
sections for free form features such as a swept feature or a through curves
lofted surface.
A profile may contain some, all, or none of the constraints required to fully
capture the design intent. Dimensional and geometric constraints may be used to
establish a design intent as well as provide the ability to perform parameter
driven changes.
Geometric relations may be established between the curves within a profile as
well as with curves in other profiles and model geometry such as edges or
datums.
13
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Sketching
Why sketch?
Sketched profiles possess a higher level of control over features, thus
automating the propagation of changes. The most obvious reason for sketching
is when a design intent is well known and constraints can be quickly applied to
capture that intent. Another reason is when there is a need to iterate through a
number of various solutions to validate a certain design intent.
Once a sketch is placed on a face or datum plane, it will automatically move
when the position of the placement face/datum is changed. Since sketches do
not require constraining, this approach is the quickest way to build features and
still have a sufficient level of associativity.
The inherent ability to solve a sketch in real time means that, as rules are
applied, the sketch objects change and move to reflect the effect that the
assigned rule has on the geometry. This gives the user the ability to quickly
change profiles of features created using sketch curves.
13
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Sketching
13
13-4
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Sketching
When there is a commonly used shape that varies in size from part to part, a
sketch as part of a user defined feature should be considered.
Sketches may be used as base features of a model if the shape lends itself to
extruded or revolved geometry.
13
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13-5
Sketching
Sketches may be used in a number of different ways. Consider them for guide
paths for swept features, or as section curves for free form features.
The added advantage of being able to quickly and easily change the geometry
based on rules that the designer applies should be a large part of the
determination of when to sketch.
13
An important aspect of modeling that helps the user decide when to use a
sketch is defining the design intent of the model. The design intent consists of
two items:
As a general rule, the more design considerations and potential areas for
change, the more likely there are benefits from sketching.
13-6
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Sketching
13
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13-7
Sketching
13
13-8
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Sketching
1 Sketch Plane
5 Datum Plane
2 XC-YC Plane
6 Datum CSYS
3 YC-ZC Plane
7 OK
4 XC-ZC Plane
8 Cancel
13
XC-YC Plane
ZC-YC Plane
ZC-XC Plane
Datum CSYS
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Sketching
After the plane is chosen the plane is highlighted in the graphic window. You
to accept and enter the sketcher function. The sketch
then chose OK
plane is then oriented normal to the graphics screen.
13
Choose OK.
13-10
Choose OK.
Choose OK.
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Sketching
Desired
Horizontal
Direction
YC
ZC
Vertical Reference
XC
13
Resultant
Sketch Orientation
To specify a new direction, select the axis to redirect then select a straight
edge. The straight edge is projected to the sketch plane to define the new
direction.
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13-11
Sketching
Naming a Sketch
The system requires a unique name for each sketch, and therefore will select
the next available sketch name in the queue as the default. The system default
from Unigraphics is SKETCH_###" where the pound signs are replaced by
the next available number counting up from 000 (SKETCH_000, SKETCH_001,
etc.). A sketch name may be defined during or after the sketch has been
created by clicking on the default sketch name and then typing in the new
name.
13
TIP
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Sketching
Select the Sketch icon and from the Sketch Name pulldown, select the
desired sketch.
Choose TaskFinish.
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13
XC-YC Plane
ZC-YC Plane
ZC-XC Plane
Datum CSYS
13-14
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Choose Sketch.
Choose OK.
13
Choose Finish.
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Choose Sketch.
13
Horizontal
Reference
The 2D sketch plane indicator appears and the XAxis is active (highlighted).
Choose OK.
13-16
Choose Line.
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Click here . . .
then
Click here.
Choose Finish.
Step 7 Change the orientation of the face that defines the sketch
plane.
Choose Tools"Expression.
Choose OK.
Rotate the part and notice how the line remained associative
to the face.
Choose Sketch.
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Sketching
13
Choose OK.
The 2D sketch plane indicator appears and the XAxis is active (highlighted).
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Horizontal
Reference
Choose OK.
Choose Finish.
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13-20
Choose Finish.
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Choose Sketch.
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Choose Finish.
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Sketching
13
Line
Arc
Circle
Perpendicular
Midpoint
Tangent
Horizontal
Parallel
Coincident
Collinear
Point on
Curve
Equal
Radius
Point on
String
Concentric
Equal
Length
As you create the curves a symbol will appear near the curve being created to
represent the constraint that will be applied, if any.
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Sketching
Locking a Constraint
When a constraint symbol appears during curve creation you may lock in that
constraint by pressing MB2. For example, you are creating a line and the
parallel symbol appears, you press MB2. Now as you move the cursor, the new
line that is rubber banding, is doing so parallel to the reference curve.
Snap Angle
The snap angle is a global preference set in the Sketch Preferences dialog box
that is applied any time curves are being created. It is used to snap" a line to
horizontal or vertical. When creating lines outside of the sketcher, snap angle is
only applied when using inferred cursor location. The default snap angle is set
to 3 and is user definable between 0 and 20. This angular tolerance is
defined on either side of horizontal or vertical from the first specified location,
effectively creating a 6 tolerance zone by default.
13
Snap Angle
When the Infer Point toolbar is active, regardless of the point types turned on,
Cursor Location is always available.
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Sketching
Existing
Curve
Alignment
Lines
13
Profile Tool
The Profile tool allows creation of a string of lines and arcs, without having to
specify a start for each curve after the first curve is created. Profile is accessed
on the Sketch Curve tool bar.
The icons at the upper left corner of the graphics screen allow you to switch
between lines and arcs, and allow you to switch between entering X-Y
locations and entering parameters.
Arc
Line
XY
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Parameters
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Line creation
X-Y location
Once you have created the first curve (line or arc), the system will revert to
creating a line. You can change this any time you wish.
You can also switch to arc creation by using press-drag-release with MB1.
The circle-X" symbol controls the direction in which the arc will be created.
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If the desired arc is in the wrong direction, re-cross the end of the line (with
the cursor), and exit in a different quadrant of the symbol.
Circle-X
Symbol
Arc originating
from top quadrant
13
As you are creating curves with the profile tool, the string mode can be broken
by clicking MB2.
Creating Lines
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Once in line creation, the icons in the upper left corner of the graphics screen
give you two options: Location (by cursor location or entering an X-Y
location), and entering parameters.
Locate the start, and then enter the length and angle parameters.
Locate the start, enter one parameter, and then locate the end.
Once you indicate a start location, the system will switch to the Parameters
mode. But you can still give an end location without changing back to XY.
Creating Arcs
Arc creation is accessed by choosing the Arc icon
tool bar.
Once in arc creation, the icons in the upper left corner of the graphics screen
give you two sets of options. The first is creation method, and the second is for
the XY-Location/Parameters choice.
Locate the start, locate the end, and then locate a point on the arc.
Locate the start, enter a radius value and press Enter, locate the end
point and then determine which of the 4 options you wish to create.
The same as the previous, but enter the radius value after locating the
end point, but before the point on arc.
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Locate the center, locate the start point, and locate the end point. (The
start point location determines the radius.)
Locate the center, locate the start point, enter a radius value and press
Enter, locate the end point.
Locate the center, enter radius and sweep angle values and press Enter,
locate the start of the sweep, and locate the direction for the sweep.
Once you indicate a first location, the system will switch to the Enter
Parameters mode. But you can still give a location without changing back to
XY.
Creating Circles
13
on the Sketch
Once in circle creation, the icons in the upper left corner of the graphics screen
give you two sets of options. The first is creation method, and the second is for
the location/parameters choice.
13-28
Locate the center, and then locate a point on the circumference of the
circle.
Locate the center, enter a radius, and press Enter. The circle is created.
You are then in multiple circle creation mode - just indicate another
location for a circle center.
Locate the center, drag the radius until you get the size you want. Press
Enter. The circle is created, and you are in multiple circle creation mode.
Indicate another center.
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Locate two points on the circumference of the circle, enter a radius value
and press Enter, then choose which of the two options you want by cursor
location.
Once you indicate a first location, the system will switch to the enter
Parameters mode. But you can still give a location without changing back to
XY.
13
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Choose OK
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Choose OK.
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Sketching
Now notice that as you move the cursor around the rubberbanding line
remains horizontal.
13
Hold MB1 down and drag the cursor straight up from the
end point of the last line and then release.
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Next you will create another arc just like the first one, but you will use a
different method.
Hold MB1 down and drag the cursor up and to the right
from the end point of the last line and then release.
13
Key in 180 for the Sweep Angle and press Enter. Click in the
graphic window to apply.
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Key in 145 for the Sweep Angle and press Enter. Click in the
graphic window to apply.
13
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Key in 90 for the Sweep Angle and press Enter. Click in the
graphic window to apply.
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Close the profile by selecting the end point of the first line.
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Choose Finish.
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Creating Fillets
Fillet creation is accessed by choosing the Fillet icon
tool bar.
Once in fillet creation, there is a single icon in the upper left corner of the
graphics screen. It is for controlling whether or not the original curves are
trimmed.
You can create fillets between lines, arcs or conics. You can also create a fillet
between two parallel lines.
There are several methods for creating Fillets:
Select two curves with a single selection (at their intersection), and then
drag the size and quadrant.
Select two curves individually, and drag the size and quadrant.
Select one curve, enter a radius value, and select the second curve.
Select two curves individually, enter a radius value, and the indicate the
desired quadrant.
Drag (with MB1) across the two curves you want to fillet. The size of the
fillet is governed by where the curves are selected.
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Sketching
Quick Trim
will trim any curve to the closest curve in the sketch. The
system will preview the results in pre-selection color.
You can also trim multiple curves at one time, by using the crayon" select
method. Hold down MB1 and drag across the portion of curves you want to
trim away.
13
You can also select a specific curve to trim to, by using ctrl-select to select the
desired boundary curve.
You can also select more than one bounding curve using the ctrl-select
method.
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In the example below, both the arc on the left and the spline on the right were
control-selected as boundary curves. With the cursor on the top line, (between
the two boundary curves), the center section is previewed as the portion to be
removed.
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Sketching
Quick Extend
Quick Extend
will extend lines, arcs and conics to the closest curve in the
sketch. The system will preview the results in pre-selection color.
The curve being extended must extend to an actual intersection with the
boundary curve.
13
You can extend multiple curves at one time, by using the crayon" select
method. Hold down MB1 and drag across the ends of curves you want to
extend.
Before
After
You can also select specific boundary curves by using the control-select
method.
As with Quick Trim, when you use Quick Extend, appropriate constraints are
automatically created.
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Drag the cursor around the screen and notice that you can
select which quadrant you want.
13
Step 6 Create a four millimeter fillet using lines L16 and L17,
with a single select, and this time do not trim the lines
being filleted.
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With MB1 held down, drag across the two lines as below:
(This is another method of selecting the curves to be filleted.
The curves crossed with the crayon" are the curves
selected.)
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Sketching
Step 8 Create another fillet between lines L18 and L20 by using
the crayon", but his time do NOT use a radius value.
13
Step 9 Create a fillet between lines L18 and L19, and drag the
size and quadrant.
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Choose Finish.
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Choose Sketch.
Choose OK
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Choose OK.
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Choose Profile.
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Choose Fillet.
2
3
13
A fillet is created and the lines are trimmed to the tangent points. The system
also displays tangent symbols at the 2 tangent points.
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3
1
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The 1 inch radius fillet was created and the lines trimmed to the tangent points.
13
13-52
Toggle Coincident
Choose OK.
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Choose Circle.
13
Move the cursor over and along the arc on the left side of the
profile, until the arc center symbol (1) appears, then click
and drag to create a circle with a diameter of approximately
0.75.
The system now will infer a constraint of coincident between the arc and the
circle.
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13
Create the circle for the opposite side using the same
method.
The sketch of the profile is now complete. The shape and design intent will be
further refined in a later activity with the application of dimensional and
geometric constraints.
Choose Finish.
Choose OK.
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Hold MB1 down and drag the cursor across the 2 curves as
shown below.
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3
4
2
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Sketching
The status line informs you that the system cannot extend the curve. This is
because there is no other curve that would intersect with the arc.
13
This time notice how the system provides a preview of the extension.
Choose Finish.
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Sketch Points
Sketch objects are defined by theoretical points. A line, for instance, is defined
by two points. The sketcher attempts to mathematically solve for the location of
the points by analyzing the constraints (rules) that are placed on objects.
The points that the sketch solver analyzes are referred to as sketch points. By
controlling the locations of these sketch points the line itself may be controlled.
There are various ways to control these points. The sketch points associated
with different types of curves are illustrated in the graphic below.
Fillet
Line
Arc
Circle
Spline
13
Point
Ellipse
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These arrows provide visual feedback to the user while in the process of
constraining the sketch.
(no display)
Undefined in X and Y
Directions
Undefined in Y
Direction only
Undefined in X
Direction only
Defined in X
and Y Directions
The system removes DOF arrows as rules are written that define the location of
the sketch points.
13
13-60
Arc - Arcs have sketch points at the center and at either end. These
sketch points as well as the radius of the arc may be defined if the user so
desires.
Circle - Circles may have the center point as well as a radius or diameter
defined.
Ellipse -An ellipse may have the location of its center defined; also, the
parameters for the size and orientation of the ellipse are stored for future
editing.
Line - Lines may have the sketch points at either end defined.
Spline - Degree three splines may have their defining points located.
Slopes of the spline at the defining points may also be defined. Splines
that are of a degree other than three may be added to sketches; however,
since their defining points are not located at their knot points, there is no
way to locate their defining points using constraints.
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Constraining Sketches
Design Intent
The power in sketching is derived from the ability to capture design intent. This
is accomplished by setting up rules that dictate how sketch objects will react to
changing input. These rules are called constraints. As many or as few constraints
as necessary may be applied to cause the sketch profile to update in the manner
desired. Unigraphics sketches are not required to be fully constrained. A group
of these rules may be thought of as a constraint set. The constraint set is
comprised of two types of constraints, dimensional and geometric and are
accessed from the Sketch Constraints tool bar.
13
Create Constraints
Dimensions
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You can use the dialog to create and edit dimensions, as well as change some of
the preferences.
There are nine icons located near the top of the dialog box. The top lefthand
icon is the most useful as it infers the dimension type based on the objects that
are selected and where their dimension text is located. It is also the default
icon. The other eight icons are supplied for times when the system is unable to
infer the desired dimension type. These different options are filters" that when
selected will only allow a specific dimension type to be created. Because of this,
certain types of geometry may not be selectable if they do not coincide with the
dimension type selected.
13
As dimensional constraints are being created, the dimension, its extension lines,
and arrows are displayed as soon as the geometry has been selected. Drag the
dimension to the desired location and place it by clicking the left mouse button.
During some dimensioning the system infers a dimension type before all of the
geometry has been selected. In these instances continue to select geometry until
the correct dimension type is displayed, or select the icon for the dimension
type desired and reselect the geometry.
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Enter new
name
Below the value slider are two option menus for manipulating the appearance
of the dimensional constraint.
The lefthand option menu is for defining how the text and arrows of the
dimensional constraint will be displayed. Options are for automatic text
placement where the system decides the appearance, manual text placement
with the arrows inside the extension lines, or manual text placement with the
arrows outside the extension lines.
Auto Placement
Manual Placement,
Arrows In
Manual Placement,
Arrows Out
The righthand option menu is for defining whether the dimension's leader is
attached to the right or left of the dimension text.
Leader From Left
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Sketching
Both of these option menus may be used before, during or after dimension
creation.
Text Height
The display height of the dimension text is controlled by the text entry field at
the bottom of the dialog box. This value may be changed any time the
Dimensions dialog box is active.
The default value is .150 inches. There are no limits to values for this field.
Modifying this value changes all the dimensional constraints in the active
sketch.
13
YC
ZC
.500
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4.000
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YC
2.000
ZC
XC
.500
.500
1.23
Line endpoints
selected for
.500 dimension
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.8502
.6302
13
p0=45.507
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Radius - Used to filter the system to specify a radial size constraint for an
arc or circle. Only arcs and circles may be selected with this method.
R p4=0.250
13
p1=2.568
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To edit the value, simply double click on the dimension and edit the value
in the text box and press Enter.
Additional editing that may be done with the Dimensions dialog as listed below:
Value - Enter a new value in the text entry field or use the slider.
Position - Click and hold the left mouse button to drag the dimension to
its new position.
Text placement method - Select a different option from the option menu.
Text height - Enter a new text size in the text entry field.
13
Delay Evaluation
At times it is advantageous not to have the geometry change until all of the
dimensional constraints have been modified. The Delay Evaluation is a toggle
on the Sketch tool bar that controls this condition.
Evaluate Sketch
The Evaluate Sketch button is provided so that the user may control sketch
evaluation when the Delay Evaluation toggle is on. Sketches are evaluated
automatically when the Constraints dialog box is exited.
Update Model
The Update Model icon located on the Sketch tool bar may be used to force the
model to update without leaving the sketch function.
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activates the process of creating constraints.
Constraints are created by selecting the geometry, and then choosing the
desired constraint icon from the upper left corner of the graphics screen. Only
icons for constraints that are possible for the selected curves will be displayed.
If you wish to assign multiple constraints at one time, you can control-select
the objects. Then the icons for constraints will remain on the screen after you
choose the first constraint. You can use MB2 to cancel creation of constraints .
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Listed below are all the possible constraints and their respective icon.
13
Fixed
Constant Angle
Collinear
Concentric
Horizontal
Tangent
Vertical
Equal Radius
Parallel
Coincident
Perpendicular
Point on Curve
Equal Length
Midpoint
Constant Length
Point on String
Sometimes, when the curves are very small on the screen (the view is zoomed
out), the symbols may not be displayed. You may need to zoom in to see them.
The following is a definition of each of the available geometric constraints:
Coincident - Defines two or more points as having the same location.
Collinear - Defines two or more linear objects as lying on or passing through
the same theoretical straight line.
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Arc or circle - defines the radius and the location of the centerpoint.
Arc center, elliptical arc center, circle center, or ellipse center - locates
the centerpoint.
Spline - removes all of its rigid DOFs (it cannot be rigidly rotated or
rigidly dragged).
13
Mirror - Defines two objects as being mirror images of each other. This
constraint is automatically created when the mirror function is used. It cannot
be created manually.
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Parallel - Defines two or more linear objects as being parallel to each other.
Perpendicular - Defines two linear objects as being perpendicular to each
other.
Point on Curve - Defines the location of a sketch point as lying on a curve.
Point on String - Defines the location of a sketch point as lying on an extracted
string.
Slope of Curve - Defines a spline, selected at a defining point, and another
object as being tangent to each other at the selected point.
Scale, NonUniform - Thus constrained, a spline will scale in the horizontal
direction while keeping the original dimensions in the vertical direction during
modification.
13
Scale, Uniform - A spline will scale proportionally in both the horizontal and
vertical when the horizontal length changes.
A Scale constraint may not be mixed with fixing of an internal spline point
as the uses of the two different constraint types are mutually exclusive.
Tangent - Defines two objects as being tangent to each other.
Vertical - Defines a line as vertical.
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Show/Remove Constraints
The Show/Remove Constraints is a tool that aids you in the management of
constraints. The constraints may be listed by object/s or all of the constraints of
the active sketch may be listed at once.
Determines which
objects will have
their constraints
listed.
Determines what
type of
constraints will be
listed.
Determines if the
filtered constraint
will be included
or excluded in
the list.
13
Determines what
category of
constraints will be
listed.
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Constraint Interrogation
One way to determine what geometric constraints are present is to pass the
selection ball over a sketch object. If the object has a constraint associated with
it, the sketch object will be prehighlighted as well as other sketch objects that
share the constraint and the constraint marker will appear next to the sketch
objects. If the selection ball passes over an object which has no constraints
associated with it, prehighlighting does not occur. The constraint types and
their markers are shown in the figure below.
13
Fix
Perpendicular
Concentric
Tangent
Coincident
Equal Length
Colinear
Equal Radius
Point on Curve
Constant Length
Point on String
Constant Angle
Midpoint on Curve
Mirror
Horizontal
Slope of Curve
Vertical
Scale, Uniform
Parallel
Scale, NonUniform
Constraint Categories
There are two major categories of geometric constraints, Explicit and Inferred.
Explicit constraints are constraints that the user has created by assignment
using the constraints dialog or by virtue of the creation method. Inferred
constraints are the Coincident constraints that the system has inferred and
assigned. The user has the option to list only the Explicit, or Inferred
constraints, or both may be listed at the same time.
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Constraint Listing
The constraints may also be listed in the Show/Remove Constraints dialog by
selecting one of the three options at the top of the dialog window. They are:
Selected Object Once an object is selected, the associated constraints,
depending on the selected constraint category, are listed in the dialog box. To
view constraints associated with a different sketch object, simply select the new
object.
Selected Objects Allows the selection of multiple objects; the associated
constraints, depending on the selected constraint category, are listed in the
dialog box. Objects may be deselected by holding the shift key down and
selecting the object.
All in Active Sketch List all the constraints of the active sketch, depending on
the selected constraint category.
Listing Box
Any time there are constraints listed in the list box they may be browsed by
selecting the constraint to highlight it. When the constraint is highlighted in the
list box, the sketch object(s) that is associated with it is also highlighted in the
graphics area. The Step Up the List and Step Down the List buttons allow easy
navigation through the various constraints. The Up and Down arrows on most
keyboards will mimic this behavior.
Removing Constraints
Constraints may be deleted 3 ways:
Turn on Select Constraints (on the Selection tool bar), select the
constraint symbol on the graphics screen, and then choose the Delete
icon.
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Sketching
Undo
The user may access undo from the edit pulldown on the main menu, the third
mouse button popup menu, or the accelerator keys. Undo takes the creation
procedure back one step at a time.
Dragging Geometry
Underconstrained geometry can be dragged by simply holding down and
dragging MB1 while on the selected curve(s) or point(s).
Selection
When in the Sketcher Task Environment, the selection toolbar changes. It has
two icons that are only available in the Sketcher.
13
Select Constraints
screen.
Deselect All
Constraint Conditions
When the Constraints dialog box is active, the status line lists the constraint
condition for the active sketch. A sketch may be fully constrained, under
constrained, or over constrained. When the sketch is under constrained the status
line will indicate the number of constraints needed.
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Sketching
A sketch is evaluated each time a constraint is placed upon the sketch. Each
time a sketch is evaluated, the system attempts to solve the set of constraints
that describe how the geometric objects are positioned and their relationships
with each other.
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13
Sketching
Constraining Example
Lines constrained
to be horizontal
LINE A
Lines constrained
to be vertical
In the profile above, some elements are partially constrained due to system
applied constraints, such as the 3 degree snap angle default for horizontal and
vertical lines.
Line A has a system applied vertical geometric constraint. The bottom point of
line A has a fixed geometric constraint applied by the user. The
degreeoffreedom arrow at the top of line A now points in the Y axis direction.
This indicates the point is constrained in the X axis direction but not in the Y
axis direction.
13
Degree of freedom arrows may assist in the constraining process; however, until
the location of at least one object is defined, no degree of freedom arrows will
be removed. Defining the location of an object may be accomplished in a
number of ways.
Sketch objects may be located relative to edges of a solid model, datum planes,
or to datum axes using geometric constraints, dimensional constraints, or
positioning dimensions.
Fixing the location of a point fully defines the location of that point to the
solver. It is important to remember that there is no numeric input in fixing an
object. An object must be created in the proper location or be otherwise located
prior to fixing in order for the fix constraint to be properly applied.
A sketch is over constrained when too much constraint information is supplied
to the solver. For instance, specifying a geometric constraint on two lines that
identifies them as being equal in length, then placing a dimensional constraint
on each to identify their length would cause the sketch to be over constrained.
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Sketching
The system highlights in yellow the geometry and dimensional constraints that
are causing the over constrained condition in order to prompt for the over
constrained situation to be corrected.
An unwanted constraint must be removed before the system will change the
geometric configuration.
The sketch is displayed in the last solved condition.
Dimensional constraints that are not related to the over constrained condition
are displayed in green. Geometry that is not related to the over constrained
condition is displayed in cyan.
Dimensional constraints that are in conflict in the current configuration with
the current constraint set are displayed in pink. Geometry that is not solvable in
the current configuration with the current constraint set is displayed in gray.
At times the system displays all geometry in gray and all dimensional constraints
in pink. This indicates that the constraint set that has been supplied is not
solvable with the geometry in its current configuration. Constraints may need to
be added or removed in order for the sketcher to be able to solve the constraint
set.
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Sketching
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Sketching
Choose the radio button in the List Constraints For: area for
All In Active Sketch.
The system created constraints are now displayed in the list box. The dialog box
should look similar to the graphic shown at right.
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Sketching
The object referred to in the list is highlighted in the graphics area. There
should be one horizontal line highlighted in the graphics window. Let the
instructor know if this is not the case.
Notice that there are degree of freedom arrows at each of the sketch points.
Even though most of the objects in the sketch have constraints associated with
them, the sketch points are free to move in all directions. This is because the
system cannot locate any of the points relative to model space.
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Sketching
The geometry now changes to follow the constraint. The point at the bottom of
the left vertical line is now constrained in the horizontal direction.
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Sketching
The geometry now changes to follow the new constraint. The shared sketch
point at the bottom of the left vertical line is now constrained in both the
horizontal and vertical directions. The degree of freedom arrows go away at this
point, and, due to the horizontal and vertical constraints on the lines that share
the sketch point, one of the arrows on the opposite end of those lines has
disappeared.
13
Choose Finish.
Choose Type.
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Sketching
Hold the Ctrl key down and select the two horizontal lines at
the top of the profile.
Choose Collinear
13
Select the arc at the bottom of the slot taking note on which
side you choose. Select the end of the short vertical line on
the same side of the arc.
Choose Tangent.
Hold the Ctrl key down and select the bottom horizontal line
and the lower endpoint of the line originating from the arc
center.
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Sketching
Choose Midpoint.
Select the line between the midpoint and the arc center.
Choose Vertical.
Now vertical
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Select the left vertical line and place the dimension for it.
Change the value to 3.75.
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Sketching
Select the top left horizontal line and place the dimension.
Change its value to .5.
Select the lower end (over half way, not endpoint) of the left
angled line. Select the right end of the top left horizontal
line, avoiding its control points. Place the angular dimension
and change its value to 45.
Select the left end of the top right horizontal line, avoiding
its control points. Select the bottom end of the right angled
line. Place this angular dimension and change its value to the
'p' number assigned to the other angular dimension.
Select the arc at the bottom of the slot. Place the radius
dimension and change its value to .25.
Select the line connecting the arc center and the midpoint
and place this vertical dimension. Change its value to 1.5 and
choose OK.
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13
Sketching
The Status line now informs you that the sketch is fully constrained. Remember
that there is no need to fully constrain the profile if it is updating in the manner
desired.
13
Notice that the depth of the notch is unchanged as a result of this change.
Should that have not been our intent, we would have to constrain the sketch in
a different manner.
Choose Finish.
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Sketching
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Sketching
Use the steps on the following pages to constrain the profile as shown below.
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Sketching
13
Select the circle on the other side and notice how the system
indicates an arc to which it is coincident.
Choose Cancel.
on.
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Sketching
The circle and arc that share that point of incidence are highlighted.
13
Notice the Degree Of Freedom markers associated with the sketch points,
remember that these are supplied to give feedback on the constraint condition
of the sketch. These markers will be removed from the display as the sketch
points are explicitly located.
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Select the center circle and the bottom arc, avoiding control
points along the way.
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Sketching
Choose Concentric.
Select the arc center of the center circle and the horizontal
datum axis.
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13
Sketching
Select the arc center of the center circle again and the
vertical datum axis.
Note that the degree of freedom markers at the large arc center have been
removed, this point is now explicitly located.
13
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Select the arc center of the left circle and the horizontal
datum axis.
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Sketching
Note how the profile changes shape to obey the constraints as they are applied.
Also note that the Degree Of Freedom markers at the selected points have
been removed in the vertical direction. These points has been constrained in
the vertical direction but are still free to move in the horizontal direction.
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Sketching
13
Use the Inferred dimension type to create all of the dimensions shown below.
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Sketching
The status line indicates that the sketch needs 5 constraints in order to be fully
constrained.
The status line indicates that the sketch needs 2 more constraints. Notice that
we forgot to create a concentric constraint between the upper arc and the
center circle.
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13
Sketching
Select the center circle and the upper arc, avoiding control
points.
Choose Concentric.
The status line now states that the Sketch is fully constrained.
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Sketching
Notice that the profile updates and the tangent condition is maintained.
13
Choose Finish.
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13
Sketching
To change the status of the objects, set the radio button to the status desired,
select the object(s) and choose OK or Apply. An option menu is provided to
filter for All (the default), Curve, or Dimension.
Reference curves are displayed in gray color and phantom line font. Reference
curves are ignored during sweep operations.
Reference dimensional constraints are shown in white color and only the value
portion of the expression is shown, regardless of the preference setting. The
value for this reference dimension will be updated as the sketch is changed, but
it does not control the sketch geometry with which it is associated.
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Sketching
Width
13
Length
Choose Sketch.
Choose OK.
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Sketching
Choose Cancel.
13
Highlight the top constraint in the list and use the down
arrow button to browse through the constraints.
Choose Cancel.
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Sketching
Choose Finish.
13
p3=2.750
p2=4.500
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Sketching
Select the left hand vertical line and place the dimension.
Change the value to 2.75.
Choose OK.
13
p5=5.274
p4=31.430
13-104
Select the lower left endpoint and the upper right endpoint
to define the line.
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Sketching
Select the right end of the lower horizontal line and the right
end of the diagonal line, and indicate a location for the
angular dimension.
The angle will be applied to the ends of the lines closest to the cursor position
in a counter clockwise manner.
At this point the system has more information than is required. The sketch is
over constrained.
The system changes the color of the sketch objects that have constraints applied
to them that are associated to the over constrained condition.
In this case all of the active sketch curves and dimensional constraints are
displayed in yellow. To correct the over constrained condition, one or more of
the offending constraints must by removed.
Remember, the new design intent is to drive the sketch with angular and
diagonal length dimensions.
Step 10 Apply a parallel dimensional constraint.
Notice that the sketch configuration does not change when the value is
modified. The system leaves the geometry in its last solved state until the over
constrained condition is resolved.
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13
Sketching
Choose Cancel.
p5=6.500
p3=2.750
p4=35.000
p2=4.500
13
Choose Finish.
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Sketching
SUMMARY
13
Constrained Sketches
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Sketching
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PURPOSE
Extrude a body.
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Section string
Direction
A Body of Revolution is one that has been rotated around a specified axis.
Axis
Section string
Resulting
feature
A Sweep Along Guide body is one that has been swept along a guide string.
14
Section string
Resulting
feature
Guide string
The features/bodies that are created will be associated with both the section
string and the guide string.
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To select all the curves in a sketch - select any one curve belonging to the
sketch.
Sweeping a partial sketch is a technique that is used when one sketch may
define multiple features.
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14-3
Extrude
The Insert"Form Feature"Extrude option allows a solid body/feature to be
created by sweeping planar, section string geometry in a linear direction for a
specified distance.
Extruding a set of closed planar connected curves with another closed set
within the boundary of the first creates a solid with an interior hole.
Extruding a curve or set of planar connected curves which are not closed
creates a sheet body unless extrude with offsets is used.
Extrusion Options
Direction & Distance option allows specification of the extrusion direction and
the start and end distances of the extrusion relative to the plane of the selected
section string. The extrusion does not need to start at the plane of the section
string.
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Choose Extrude.
Choose OK.
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0
152.5
0
0
0
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14-5
Boolean Operations
Boolean operations are used to create a single solid body out of two or more
existing solid bodies. Unigraphics senses when a solid already exists in a file
and another is being created, the following menu appears for the Boolean
Operation.
The new solid may be created as a separate solid using Create, or a Boolean
operation (Unite, Subtract, or Intersect) may be performed on the two solids
during creation to make one resultant solid.
The Boolean Operations may also be created as a separate feature using the
Insert"Feature Operation options shown in the menu below. When using these
operations, a Target Solid and a Tool Solid need to be specified to perform the
boolean operation.
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14
Tool solids
Unite
This option allows two or more solid bodies to be combined into one.
Target solid
14
Completed solid
Tool solids
Before
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After
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Subtract
This option allows material to be removed from a solid body (Target Body) by
using another solid body as the Tool Solid, leaving empty space where the Tool
body existed.
Tool solid
Target solid
Before
Tool solid
After
Intersect
This Boolean allows a new solid to be created from two solids. The resultant
solid will be that portion which is common to both of the selected solids.
Before
14
After
Target solid
Tool solid
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If you attempt to unite, subtract, or intersect a tool solid with a target solid and
the two solids do not touch, the system would warn you with the following
message.
If you attempt to subtract a tool solid from a target solid and the operation
would produce a zero thickness, the system would warn you with the following
message.
14
Generator
Curves
Zero thickness
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The Taper Start radio buttons determine if the taper starts At Defining
String or At Start Distance when a taper is specified.
If the section string included interior holes, the holes would be tapered in
the opposite direction to the outside objects.
Positive Taper Angle
Normal vector
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Positive
Extrusion
Direction
Positive Offset
Direction
YC
ZC
XC
Using positive values in the First Offset or Second Offset field will offset the
extrusion in the direction of the arrow. Using negative values in the First Offset
or Second Offset field will offset the extrusion in the opposite direction of the
dashed arrow.
Offset Examples
Offset
14
Section
Geometry
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Choose Extrude.
Choose OK.
0
2.5
0
.25
0
If the offset vector is pointing away from the center of the part, use a negative
value for the Second Offset. If it is pointing to the center use a positive value
for the Second Offset.
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Press Enter.
Choose Create.
Choose OK.
The selected curve is extruded from its origin, normal to its creation plane as
was indicated by the solid arrow, to a distance 2.5 units from the start distance.
The solid feature created to this length is also defined as being .25 units thick
inside the generator curve. This thickness was defined by the value entered in
the Second Offset field due to the direction of the dashed arrow.
The current model should look like the figure below.
14
14-14
Choose Extrude.
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Choose OK.
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Key in:
Start Distance =
End Distance =
First Offset =
Second Offset =
Taper Angle =
0
.25
0
.25
0
Choose OK.
Choose Create.
Select the feature that was just created as the tool body.
Choose OK.
The selected edge is extruded from its origin, normal to its creation plane as
was indicated by the solid arrow, to a distance .25 units from the start distance.
The solid feature created to this length is also defined as being .25 units thick
outside the generator edge. This thickness was defined by the values entered in
the First and Second Offset fields relative to dashed arrow.
14
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Choose Extrude.
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Choose OK.
The edge must be extruded with the offsets in the proper direction to create the
groove shown below.
14
Key in:
Start Distance =
End Distance =
First Offset =
Second Offset =
Taper Angle =
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.075
.15
.275
0
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Choose OK.
Choose Subtract.
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Just like other sweep types, solid or sheet bodies are created based on the
current Modeling Preferences Body Type setting and the closure
condition of the curves (i.e. open string or enclosed string).
An open section string swept along a guide path that forms an enclosed
loop will automatically cap the end faces, providing the Modeling
Preferences Body Type is set to Solid.
Open section strings will always be swept into a solid body when using the
sweep with offset option.
Only one Section String and only one Guide String may be selected.
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Do not put
Section string here
14
Solid body
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Guide string
Section string
Choose OK.
Choose OK.
The cue prompts to Specify Sweep offsets and a dialog box displays for First
Offset and Second Offset. Offsets work the same way as for extrusions, but they
will not be used here.
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14
Ensure that the First and Second Offsets are set to 0 (zero).
The base is created. Shade the display if desired to better view the model. The
open section string was swept along the full length of the guide string and the
system automatically caps the open ends to produce a solid body.
The Sweep along Guide function may be used to sweep any section string along
a guide string.
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Example of
noncontiguous
curves.
Noncontiguous
closed loop made
up of 4 curves.
Region 1
14
Region 2
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Make layer 42 the work layer and all other layers invisible.
Generator
geometry.
14
Feature to be
created.
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Select the curves shown above for the section string and
choose OK.
Make layer 1 the work layer and layer 43 selectable. Fit the
view.
Choose OK.
Choose Create.
Choose OK.
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Revolve
The Insert"Form Feature"Revolve option allows you to create a feature by
rotating a section string around an axis through a specified angle.
Revolving open section strings will cause the system to automatically cap
the end faces to produce a solid body however, the rotation must be a full
360 and the Modeling Preferences Body Type switch must be set to Solid.
14
The plane of the selected curves is considered zero degrees. The angles
entered determine the number of degrees the system revolves the selected
curves about the selected axis.
Entering a Start Angle which is greater than the End Angle causes the
system to sweep in the direction of negative rotation. First Offset and
Second Offset function in the same manner as the offsets discussed in
extruded bodies.
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Choose Revolve.
The Chain Curves option is an easy way to select a group of contiguous curves.
If the loop is closed, pick any one curve and choose OK, the entire string is then
selected.
If the loop is open as below, the start of the chain must be defined as well as the
chain direction. The cue line will prompt you to Select Start Curve of Chain.
Care must be taken to select the first object such that the system may chain
toward the last object.
14
Chain Direction
Choose OK twice.
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The cue prompts you to Enter Direction - Select object or enter I,J,K values to
define vector
A dialog box displays fields for the Start Angle, End Angle, and Offsets.
0
360
0
0
Choose OK.
A solid revolved body has been created from an open section string.
Remember, if a solid body is desired through a sweep of less than 360 the
section string must be closed, or an open section string may be revolved with
offsets to form a solid shell using any angle values.
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Choose Revolve.
0
180
0
.25
Choose OK.
Plane of curves
Notice that the revolution starts at the plane of the curves and revolves in a
CCW direction with respect to the positive axis of rotation. (Datum Axis). The
Right Hand Rule for Positive Rotation applies.
Step 4 Revolve a solid face using Axis and Angle option.
Now close one end of the solid without creating any new section string
geometry by revolving an existing face.
The cue line should still be prompting to Select section string.
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14
Choose OK twice.
Select the far end point of the edge, as shown below, as the
rotation point.
Select this
face
Select left
end of the
top linear
edge of the
selected
face
14
Start Angle . . .
End Angle . . . .
First Offset . . . .
Second Offset .
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-90
0
0
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Choose OK.
The cue line prompts to Choose boolean operation from the dialog box that is to
be performed with the revolved feature.
Choose Create.
Target solid
Tool solid
Choose OK.
The model should now appear as shown with one end enclosed.
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14
14
Generator
geometry.
Feature to
be created.
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Section String
0
360
0
0
Choose OK.
Choose Create.
Choose OK.
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Do not Extend Trim Face option will only allow the operation to succeed if the
cross section geometry or a portion of the cross section geometry intersects the
trimming face/plane. If only a portion of the cross section geometry intersects
the trimming face/plane, it must be the portion that the boolean operation
effects.
Extend Trim Face option extends the face/Plane infinitely.
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Choose Revolve.
For the first part of the section string, select the front top
edge of the solid and, if necessary, confirm the selection.
Select
this edge.
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14
14
The Cue line prompts to Define Region Point for Cut Section. The region (area)
to be revolved must be specified.
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Now the defined region may be revolved and trimmed to a specified face.
Filter for Solid Face and choose the solid face as shown,
choose OK.
Select face
14
Ensure that the both Offset values are set to 0 and choose
OK on the Revolved Body dialog box to create the revolution
without offsets.
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Choose Extrude.
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Section String
Select
this face.
14
Choose OK.
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Choose OK.
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Choose Subtract.
Choose Cancel.
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SUMMARY
Extruded a body.
Extruded to a face.
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PURPOSE
Move a Feature.
Delete a Feature.
Suppress a feature.
Unsuppress a feature.
Rename a feature.
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Delayed Update
on Edit
If Delayed Update on Edit is OFF, the part is updated after the completion of
each edit function. Off is the default setting.
If Delayed Update on Edit is ON, feature updates are delayed while edits are
made. For example, a feature move, followed by an edit to another feature may
be accomplished without updating the model until after both edits are
complete. This saves time on complex models with many features.
NOTE: Delayed Update on Edit may not be used to delay a
delete, suppress or unsuppress feature operation.
Update
This option allows the user to control when the solid model is recalculated and
the display updated with the edits previously made when Delayed Update on
Edit is enabled.
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To view the effects of edits on the model, choose the Update icon
in the
Edit Feature toolbar or Edit"Update in the Menu bar and the feature updates
are performed. The Status Line tracks and reports the update activity.
NOTE: The system will automatically update the model when the
part file is saved.
Update
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Editing Features
Using the Edit Feature toolbar or the EditFeature option allows existing solid
bodies and features to be altered and manipulated while maintaining any
implied or predefined associativity.
Edit Parameters
Edit
Move
Positioning Feature
Suppress
Unsuppress
Playback
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Suppress
The Suppress Feature option simulates the temporary removal of one or more
features from the solid body and its display.
The removal of noncritical features, such as small holes and blends, from
the model for other applications.
Unsuppress
This option restores previously suppressed features.
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Move
Choosing Move Feature allows a feature that is not associatively positioned to
be moved to a new position. This option excludes all extruded and revolved
features as well as features whose location has been constrained using
positioning dimensions. Features whose position is determined via associative
positioning methods must be moved using the Edit"Feature"Positioning
option.
To a Point
CSYS to CSYS
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Delta X, Y, Z
This option allows the feature to be moved by specifying a distance and
direction using rectangular coordinates, based upon the Work Coordinate
System.
(Delta XC, Delta YC, and Delta ZC)
To a Point
This option allows the feature to be moved from a reference point to a
destination point. The Point Constructor will become available during the
operation to assist in the move.
ZC
YC
XC
Destination axis
Before
After
CSYS to CSYS
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This option allows the selected feature to be repositioned from its current
coordinate system to the desired coordinate system. The current or Reference
Coordinate System must be defined as well as the desired or Destination
Coordinate System using the Coordinate System Subfunction dialog.
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The newly relocated feature will maintain the same relative position to the
Destination Coordinate System as it had with the Reference Coordinate System.
Deleting Features
Deleting features is accomplished through the use of the Delete icon
in
the Standard toolbar or Edit"Delete from the Menu bar. Selecting the delete
icon introduces the Class Selection dialog box.
Selecting the Features button within the Class Selection dialog box option
allows the selection of features of a solid model to be deleted.
When a feature is deleted from a body, the space it occupied or voided is filled
in exactly as it was before the feature was created.
If a feature is mistakenly deleted, the Undo function may be used immediately
after the deletion to restore the feature.
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Playback
Playback allows the creation of the model to be reviewed feature by feature.
The model may also be edited as it is reviewed.
When the Playback Feature icon
is chosen, the Edit during Update
dialog appears and starts with the first feature created.
15
The Message window shows any applicable error or warning messages, as well
as whether the current feature updated successfully or failed.
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Show Failure Area temporarily displays failed geometry. This option is available
only if an object involved in the failure, such as a tool body, is available for
display.
Show Current Model displays the part of the model that has been successfully
rebuilt.
NOTE: Some features, such as instances in an array, may not
appear in the current model until the last related feature is rebuilt.
NOTE: Most options outside the Edit During Update dialog are
disabled while the model is being reviewed or edited.
The Post Recovery Update Status options specify what should happen when the
icon option chosen is completed.
Continue restarts the automatic update process from where it left off.
Pause lets the user choose other Edit during Update options, rather than
automatically resuming update.
The Edit during Update dialog also contains icons for the review and edit
options that are available for the model. The first row of icons always appear,
but are grayed out if not applicable. The remaining icons may or may not
appear depending on the circumstances.
Update Tool
Should the model fail to update after an edit, the Edit during Update dialog
will be presented.
The possible options are:
began.
Undo undoes the last modification made to the model before updating
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Step Back allows backward navigation through the model one feature at
a time.
Continue triggers the update process, which continues until the model is
completely rebuilt or until a feature fails. If Continue is chosen when a failure
occurs, that feature is skipped.
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Review the model allows investigation, but not editing, of the rebuilt
model with options from the menu bar or the third mouse button popup menu.
(The options available are the same as those in the Gateway application.)
Review the model cannot be used to review features that failed during update or that
have not yet been rebuilt.
Edit allows you to change the parameters of the feature currently being
updated. A submenu will display with the Edit Parameters, Remove Unused
References and Edit Position options.
Edit Parameters
Removed Unused
References
Edit Position
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If a failure occurs, the options that allow advance through the model (Step,
Step To, and Continue) are grayed out until the failure is resolved and the
feature successfully updates.
NOTE: Edits are not permanent until the model is completely
rebuilt. If a feature is edited, and then rethought, making it
necessary to return to the beginning of that feature's rebuilding, or
to the rebuilding of an earlier feature, the edits will be lost. This
may happen if Undo, Step Back, Step Back To, Edit Parameters, or
Edit Positioning Dimension is chosen on the same or an earlier
feature.
When Playback is chosen, all of the solids in the model that will be updated
disappear from the graphic window. If Step is chosen to recreate the model
one feature at a time, the display updates each time a feature is rebuilt.
The display does not update if other options such as Step Back To, Step Back,
Go To, or Continue are chosen. If these options are being used, and it is
desirable to see what the model looks like at this stage of its rebuilding, choose
Show Current Model.
NOTE: For performance reasons, the display does not change
during update when an update method other than Show Current
Model is used. After the model update has finished, the display is
updated.
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Selection Toolbar
The selection toolbar may be used anytime the selection of a feature for
modification or the extraction of data is required. This method of editing uses
an Object/Action approach, where the object needing editing is selected first
from the graphic window and then the necessary action is defined. This lesson
will focus on the use of the Select Features option.
Select
Features
Depending on which category the user has selected, the Type Filter may be used
to narrow the band of selectable objects.
Features
The remaining options of the toolbar may be used to further discriminate in the
selection of objects.
Reset
All icons not shown
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Select All
Deselect
All
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Once an object has been selected, mouse button 3 (MB3) may be used to select
an available operator for that object.
NOTE: When depressing MB3 the cursor must be on top of the
selected object for the pop-up dialogs to appear.
Sketch options
NOTE:
selected.
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All of the solid features are suppressed except the base solid feature which is
BLOCK(2).
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Examine the dialog box window and the graphic window to see that the edge of
the BLOCK(2) feature, where the arrows begin, was extruded with an offset
value to create this feature.
Each solid feature may be examined in a similar manner as it is updated.
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The defining parameters of the feature could also have been redefined using
this option.
Step 5 Move forward to the next feature.
in the View
Most options outside the Edit During Update dialog are disabled while the
model is being reviewed or edited. The next action will allow the graphic
window to be refreshed.
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Review the model allows view options to be accessed during the review/edit
process.
Choose OK.
Non-Positioned
Pad
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Z
X
Y
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The dialog box window shows a partial list of the features of the model.
BLOCK(2) is the base solid on which all of the other features are constructed.
RECTANGULAR_PAD(12) is a feature located without positioning
dimensions.
All of the other features of the model are located associatively to the model
using positioning dimensions and therefore not eligible for the Move Feature
option, and not listed.
Choose RECTANGULAR_PAD(12).
Choose OK.
DXC =
.75
DYC =
-.5
DZC =
Choose OK.
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Choose RECTANGULAR_PAD(12).
Choose OK.
Z
X
Y
Mid Point
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Choose RECTANGULAR_PAD(12).
Choose OK.
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Select X-Axis
Here
Z
X
Y
Select Y-Axis
Here
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Choose OK.
Choose OK.
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turned
Select
Features
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Parameters
This option allows the redefinition of the parameter values of any parametric
feature and causes the model to update to reflect the new values.
To edit a feature's parameters:
or Edit"Feature"Parameters
Select the feature from the graphic area or choose the feature name from
the list in the Edit Parameters list dialog box and choose OK to confirm
the selection.
The Edit Parameters dialog box listing the different types of parameters
valid for the selected feature is presented.
Some parameters which may be edited will display on the screen where
they can be selected and edited directly, or . . .
Any of the valid parameter types may be selected from the Edit
Parameters dialog box to display the original creation dialog box with the
current parameter values.
NOTE: The Select Features option in the Selection toolbar may also
used to select features from the graphic window and edit
parameters using MB3.
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Positioning
This option allows a feature to be moved by editing its positioning dimensions.
In addition, this option allows the addition of positioning dimensions to
features that are either underspecified or were not given any positioning
dimensions at the time of creation.
Once the feature to edit has been selected, the system will offer the following
option choices based upon the positioning status of the selected feature.
15
or Edit"Feature"Positioning
NOTE: The Select Features option in the Selection toolbar may also
used to select features from the graphic window and edit positioning
using MB3.
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Add Dimension
This option may be used to add a positioning dimension to a feature.
When adding positioning dimensions, any object that is the intersection
between the feature being positioned and the target solid's face may not be
selected as the dimensioning geometry.
Select feature to be
positioned
Target solid
The intersection curve is a child product of the tool and target solid's face, it is
defined by the boolean operation associated with the feature type being
created. The boolean operation does not occur until after the position of the
feature has been defined. Therefore, the intersection curve is not a valid
selection to specify location.
When adding positioning dimensions to a Thru hole, no edge will be selectable
as the target edge because both edges are intersection curves.
Identify Solid Face may be
used to position to the
center of the cylinder.
Target solid
Valid target edges for positioning purposes must belong to features existing in
the feature creation list of the model before the feature being positioned.
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For example, in the figure below the features are numbered in the order in
which they were created. Feature #2 may not be positioned using any face or
edge from feature #3.
2
Select the dimension to edit (if there is only one positioning dimension, it
is selected automatically).
Continue editing as many dimension values as desired. Once all the desired
dimension values have been edited, choose OK.
Delete Dimension
Use this option to delete a positioning dimension from a feature. The feature
will then remain in its current location as its position is no longer associated to
the model.
Error Messages
15
If the new location of the feature causes it to miss the target solid, the Edit
during Update dialog box will be presented, this dialog box provides several
options for dealing with the failed update as discussed in the Playback section.
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Choose BLOCK(2).
Choose OK.
The parametric values for the block are displayed on the graphic window. A
parameter may be chosen by selecting an expression in the graphic screen or by
choosing Feature Dialog.
Also, note the expression that controls the width, p8=3.120; this will be used in
the next few steps.
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Notice that after the part updated, the pad on the bottom is no longer in the
center. Assume that the design intent is that the pad should always remain in
the center of the part.
This situation will be remedied in the next step.
Z
Y
Before
After
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turned
The positioning dimensions for the feature are displayed in the graphic window.
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Enter p8/2.
The expression p8 controls the width of the part.
The part should update and the pad is now located in the center of the block.
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Notice that the pad feature remained in the center of the block.
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The feature that has caused the failure to occur is shown in the graphic window.
The reason for the failure may now be clearly seen; the hole falls outside the
bounds of the body.
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The hole now falls within the solid model, correcting the failure. The model
updates correctly.
Step 2 Close the part, do not save.
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Model Navigator
The Model Navigator is a special window that allows investigation of, as well as
actions to be performed on a feature. Holding down the third mouse button on
a feature causes a feature specific popup menu to be displayed offering
pertinent editing options.
To access the Model Navigator in UNIX use the Navigator toolbar and to access
the Model Navigator in Windows use the Resource bar. Both, by default, are
located vertically on the right side of the Unigraphics window.
UNIX:
Icon from
Navigator toolbar
Windows:
Icon from
Resource Bar
The options on the popup menu may vary depending on what feature is
selected, and what operation may be pending at the time. Also, most of the
options are not available if the Modeling application is not active.
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The following options appear on this popup menu for Feature nodes:
Display Dimensions
Show/Hide
Select
Edit Parameters
Edit Positioning
Suppress/Unsuppress
Reorder Before
Reorder After
Group
Replace
Rename
Delete
Information
Properties
The following options appear on the popup menu for Work Part nodes:
Work Part nodes are not discussed in this text. For more information about
these topics consult the technical documentation.
Display Dimensions
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Show/Hide
Allows the body or parents for the selected feature to be hidden or displayed.
This function blanks/unblanks the object(s) and their display can be brought
back by using the Show/Hide options or by using the blanking functions found
under the Edit"Blank options in the Menu bar.
The Hide Body option blanks" the solid body that the feature is applied to.
The Hide Parents option is more applicable to swept features. If the Hide
Parents option is used on a swept feature, the system will hide (blank) the
parent curves which generated the swept feature. If the swept feature is derived
by a solid edge(s) then the Hide Parents option will hide (blank) the parent
solid body. This option is not effective in showing or hiding "resulting curves,"
which are produced directly from a curve feature operation, such as with Offset
Curve.
Select
Allows the parents or children of a feature to be selected in the Model
Navigator. This option also allows for all descendants/ancestors to be selected.
For example, if a pad feature is placed on a block feature, the pad is a child of
the block. If a hole is placed on the pad feature, then the hole becomes a direct
child to the pad, however the hole is also a descendant of the block. The
ancestors of the hole are the pad and the block features.
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NOTE: When a pre-V16 part file is loaded, the last feature in that
part is the current feature.
Edit Parameters
Same as Edit Parameters as discussed previously in this lesson. Double clicking
on a feature name in the Model Navigator will bring up the Edit Parameters
dialog box.
Edit Positioning
Same as Edit Positioning as discussed previously in this lesson.
Reorder Before/After
Allows the construction order of the features in the model to be altered by
positioning the selected feature before or after other features in the build
hierarchy. Choose the feature that the selected node is to be reordered relative
to from the Reorder Before or Reorder After cascade menus.
Nodes may also be dragged and dropped in the Model Navigator window to
perform a feature reorder. Multiple features may be selected by holding the
Ctrl key down during selection.
Group
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This option lets you group features into a special collection called a Feature Set.
Members of a Feature Set can be controlled together during suppress, delete
and move feature operations. Choosing Group causes the Sets of Features
dialog box to appear. The features included in the Feature Set can also be
hidden so they do not show in the Model Navigator and can only be accessed
under the Feature Set Name.
NOTE: If you delete a Feature Set, all of its member features are also
deleted. To delete a Feature Set without deleting its members, first
remove its members.
Replace
The replace option allows a feature's definition to be replaced or redefined"
by another feature. For example, a surface that is used as a trim face could be
replaced for a different surface without having to delete or redefine several
other features. For more information on replace see the technical
documentation.
Rename
Features are named by the system on creation, such as BLOCK(1). The rename
option allows userdefined names to be assigned in place of the system assigned
names.
Delete
Same as EditDelete as discussed previously in this lesson.
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Information
Provides information about the selected feature in the Information window.
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Properties
The properties option provides access to General and Attribute information for
the feature selected. General properties include the feature name, which can be
edited similarly to the Rename function. Attributes can be added to any feature
to include information which could be called out in a specified column of the
Model Navigator. For more information on feature attributes and Model
Navigator columns see the technical documentation.
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The block feature is suppressed as well as all of the other features. This is
because the subsequent features possess a child relationship to the block.
This should afford a better understanding of how the part was constructed.
Step 3 Reorder the Hollow feature.
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Place the cursor over the node for HOLLOW(1), press and
hold down MB1, drag the feature on top of EXTRUDED(3).
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The hollow feature is reordered after the extruded feature and the graphic
window reflects the edit.
Place the cursor over the node name BLEND(4), use the
third mouse button popup menu to choose Rename.
The new name is reflected in the Model Navigator. Notice that the time stamp
[(4)] was added.
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Reattaching a Feature
One of the feature parameters available for editing under Edit Parameters is
Reattach. Reattach allows the feature references of the feature to be redefined.
A feature reference may be an attachment face, a thru face, an edge, etc. Objects
that may have their references redefined include most features (holes, pockets,
grooves, pads, slots, and bosses), and linear instance sets of these features, trim
faces of extruded and revolved features, and userdefined features (UDFs).
In the figure below, a slot feature is reattached from the original placement
face to a new face.
Original slot feature
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When an option icon is chosen, the system highlights the existing references of
the type in question. For example, if the Specify First Thru Face icon is chosen,
the system highlights the current thru face for the selected feature.
Current
positioning
dimensions
Reference
direction type
Use to change
direction of the
normal direction
Use to change
reference direction
Specify location
of feature
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All Types
Face
Datum Plane
Edge
Datum Axis
The above list of filter options is dependent on the specific Reattach option
icon chosen. For example, for Specify Target Placement Face, Specify First Thru
Face, Specify Second Thru Face, and Specify Tool Placement Face, only faces
and datum planes are selectable. For Specify Horizontal Reference, faces,
edges, datum planes, and datum axes are selectable.
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Step 1 Open the part file pau_reattach_1 and start the Modeling
application.
Step 2 Reattach the extruded feature.
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A Reattach dialog box displays icons for the selection steps and other options
for reattaching the feature.
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Select the right face of the solid, and accept the selection.
Now the second icon, Specify Reference Direction highlights, the current
horizontal reference vector is displayed in the graphic window, and the cue
prompts you for selection of a new horizontal reference.
Target Face
Horizontal
Reference
Now the third icon, Redefine Positioning Dimensions, highlights and the Cue
Line prompts you to select a Dimension to Redefine.
Choose the lower front edge of the solid as the target object
as shown below.
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Select the bottom outside edge of the pad feature as the tool
edge.
Tool edge
Target object
Select the right vertical edge of the solid as the Target Object
as shown below.
Select the right outside edge of the pad feature as the tool
edge.
Tool edge
Target Object
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SUMMARY
Suppress a Feature
Unsuppress a Feature
Move a Feature
Delete a Feature
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Instance Arrays
16
Instance Arrays
Lesson 16
PURPOSE
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Instance
Using Insert"Feature Operation"Instance from the main menu bar,
duplicates existing features, eliminating repetitive efforts in the creation of
models.
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Instance Arrays
Instance
This option allows Instance arrays from an existing feature to be created. An
instance is a shape linked feature, similar to a copy. The Instance not only
duplicates the feature but preserves the parameters of the feature.
Since all instances of a feature are associated, the parameters of the feature
may be edited and those changes are reflected in every instance of the feature.
The instance itself is also a parametric feature; that is, the parameters of the
Instance Array itself may be edited.
The following Instance options are available:
Rectangular
Circular
General
Simple
Identical
In most cases the General method is the best practice. However, in very
complex models, system performance may be affected. In these cases, using the
Simple method may increase performance and in a worst case scenario the
Identical method may be required.
NOTE:
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Instance Arrays
16
The Offset values can be either positive or negative. The direction will be
relative to the current orientation of the WCS.
The total Number of Instances for both the XC and YC must be a whole
number greater than zero.
Parameter Settings:
Number Along XC = 3
XC Offset = .75
1.00
Number Along YC =4
YC Offset = 1
.75
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Instance Arrays
Angle: The angular spacing between instances, about the reference point.
Once the feature is selected and the parameters specified, a rotation axis must
be selected. The plane in which the circular instance array will be created will
be normal to this rotation axis, regardless of WCS orientation.
A rotation axis may be defined by specifying a Point & Direction (Vector
Constructor dialog box) or by specifying a Datum Axis.
NOTE: Defining a point and direction will not maintain
positional associativity. If the defined point moves, the circular
array will not move with it. Defining the rotation axis by a datum
axis will maintain positional associativity.
Using Point & Direction, after specifying the rotation axis, the following
information must be entered:
Reference Point: Defines the location that the instanced feature will be
rotated about, relative to the rotation axis.
Reference
point
Y
45
Parameter Settings:
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Number
=8
Angle
=45
Rotation Axis
=+ZC
Reference Point
= arc center
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Instance Arrays
In this activity, a rectangular instance array will be created from a hole feature.
16
Design Intent
The finished part will have six holes. There will be two holes in the XC
direction and 3 holes in the YC direction. The figure below illustrates the model
to be used for this activity and an illustration of the finished part.
Before
After
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16
Choose Hole.
Select the
outside face as
the Planar
Placement Face.
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16-8
Choose WCSOrient.
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Y-Axis
X-Axis
Choose OK.
Choose Instance.
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Choose OK.
General
2
1.25
3
.687
Choose OK.
A temporary display of the instance array will appear in the graphics area.
Choosing Yes will create the instance as it is shown in the graphics area.
Choosing No will return to the Enter Parameters dialog box.
Choose Yes.
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Instance Arrays
Design Intent
The finished part will have four legs that are identical and are to be equally
spaced about center of the cylinder. The figure below illustrates the model to
be used for this activity and an illustration of the finished part.
Step 1 Open pau_array_2, and start the Modeling application.
After
Choose Instance.
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Choose OK.
The axis of rotation must be selected. Using a Datum Axis maintains positional
associativity.
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Select this
Datum Axis
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Notice that there is a choice to apply the chamfer only to the selected feature or
to apply it to all instances.
16-14
Choose EditFeatureParameters.
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Instance Arrays
All options available for editing the selected feature are displayed in the dialog
box that appears. The options in the dialog box may vary depending on which
feature is selected.
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SUMMARY
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Additional Projects
Additional Projects
Appendix A
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This appendix describes the various Point Constructor methods that may be
used.
The Point Constructor dialog box provides a standard way to specify points
throughout Unigraphics. It allows the creation of point objects as well as the
determination of locations in threedimensional space.
Points may be specified in one of two ways: either choose one of the provided,
icons at the top of the dialog box, or directly enter the X-Y-Z coordinates in
the fields provided.
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Points have many uses in Unigraphics. Points may be used to locate other
objects, such as the title block on a drawing. Points may also be used to
construct curves or surfaces.
Locating positions with the Point Constructor dialog box is also valuable. For
example, the end of a line or the center of a circle may be specified to locate
objects in model space. The positions of the control points of a curve may also
be specified.
Inferred Point
Depending on where you select when using this option, one of the following
single selection options will be used: cursor location, existing point, end point,
mid point or arc center. This option does not require a selection of the
particular point type for each selection.
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Cursor Location
Use this option to construct points anywhere on the screen by positioning the
cross hairs and indicating a location. The location defined lies on the WCS
Work plane.
To locate points quickly and precisely, use a grid (see PreferencesWork Plane
"Show Grid). When Snap to Grid is on, points snap to the nearest grid
position. The grid spacing may be set as desired. The spacing in the
X-direction does not need to be the same as the spacing in the Y-direction.
For example, if the smallest increment on the part is in eighths of an inch
(.125), then the grid spacing would be set to .125. A point at exactly one inch in
X and two inches in Y could be created by counting over eight grid points in X
and up sixteen in Y and indicating a screen position.
Existing Point
Use this option to specify a location by selecting an existing point.
Remember that the point constructor allows locations in model space to be
specified. In the instance where an existing point is being selected it is generally
a case of using that point to aid in the construction of another object such as a
the endpoint of a line, or the location of an object, such as placement of a
drawing border.
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End Point
Use this option to specify locations at the end points of existing lines, arcs,
conics, and splines.
Lines
Conics
Arcs
Splines
When selecting geometry, place the selection ball near the end point you wish
to select. The point is located at the end of the curve nearest to where it was
selected (see below). Closed curves, such as complete circles, have only one
endpoint because the two ends are at the same coordinate location.
Selection
Position
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Control Point
Use this option to locate points at the control points of geometric objects. The
control points, which vary for each object type, include: Existing points, End
points of conics, End points and Mid points of open arcs, Center points of
circles or arcs, Mid points and End points of lines, and End points or Knot
points of splines.
Use the cursor to select objects. Since some objects have more than one control
point, place the cross hairs near the control point desired. The system locates
the control point nearest the position where the curve is selected.
Open Arcs
Lines
Conics
Circles
Splines
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Intersection Point
Use this option to locate a position at the intersection of two curves or at the
intersection of a curve and a surface or plane. If the curves intersect more than
once, the system creates the point nearest to where the second curve was
selected.
1
When the two selected curves are not coplanar with the XC-YC plane, an
apparent intersection occurs and the system creates the point on the first curve
selected. The system calculates an apparent intersection by projecting the curve
parallel to the ZC axis, and the point will be defined on the first object selected
(see below). Projections are always done along the ZC-axis.
Second Curve
ZC
YC
Point
XC
First Curve
Implied intersection
of two lines
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Arc/Ellipse/Sphere Center
Use this option to specify a position at the center of an arc or ellipse by
selecting the arc along its circumference.
In the example below, selecting with the circumference of the large circle within
the selection ball defines the center point of the large circle.
Selection Point
Center
Point
Selecting near the center of the large circle (see below) will not select the
center of the large circle since the selection ball touches the circumference of
the small circle.
Selection
Point
Center
Point
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Angle on Arc/Ellipse
Use this option to locate a position at an angular location on an arc or an
ellipse.
Position on
Arc
105
The angle value is entered in degrees. The angle is referenced from the positive
XC axis and is measured counterclockwise in the WCS. The angular position on
the arc or ellipse may also be defined on the unconstructed portion (or
extension) of an arc or ellipse (see below).
Position on
Arc
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Quadrant Point
Use this option to locate positions at the quarter points of an arc or an ellipse.
Select Here
Points may be located at the starting point of the arc or ellipse and then at
quarterdistance intervals along the object. The point located is the quadrant
point nearest to the position selected. The quadrant position may also be
defined on the unconstructed portion (or extension) of an arc (see below).
Select Here
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Offset
This option allows the specification of a position in model space offset from a
reference position in model space. The offset location may be specified relative
to the reference position using either the absolute or the work coordinate
system.
Once an offset method has been specified, it remains in effect until another
offset method is selected. The default setting is None (no offset).
Offset allows a position to be specified away from a specified reference, or base
position in one of the five ways discussed below. This is a useful tool if the
desire is to specify many positions where each position is offset from the
previous position, or when the position that is being specified is relative to
another position most easily defined by selecting a preexisting point.
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In the example below, the need is to specify a quick row of points, offset in the
X direction and Y direction. The first point could be specified, the offset would
be set to rectangular and the values entered, OK could then be chosen a
number of times (7) to offset the remaining points from each previous point.
Each alternating OK specifies the next base position, then the next offset
position based on the values.
Offset 4
Offset 3
First Point
Offset 2
Offset 1
Exiting the Point Constructor menu when using an offset requires the return of
the offset setting to NONE. This may be accomplished by choosing the RESET
button, or by manually changing the offset type back. If The NONE setting is
not reset, the Point Constructor continues to offset positions from the last
specified position.
Reset
Use the Reset button to quickly set the X-Y-Z coordinate fields to 0.0, and to
set the Offset option to None.
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Rectangular Offset
This option allows a position to be offset by entering values that represent the
X, Y, and Z directions relative to the coordinate system specified from a
reference point (see below).
The direction of the offset is determined by the coordinate system selected and
the orientation of that coordinate system.
Offset
Point
X = 2.0
Y = 0.5
Z = 1.5
Reference
Point
Z
Y
X
Coordinate System
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Cylindrical Offset
This option allows an offset position to be specified by entering cylindrical
coordinates (see below).
The offset values for Radius, Angle, and DeltaZC are defined relative to the
specified coordinate system and applied as illustrated below. The radius and
the angle always lie in the XY plane of the coordinate system specified.
A cylindrical offset may reference either the absolute coordinate system or the
work coordinate system.
Offset
Radius
Angle
Delta-ZC
Radius
Offset Point
Distance Along
ZC-axis (Delta - ZC)
ZC
YC
XC
Angle
Reference Point
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Spherical Offset
This option allows specification of an offset position using spherical
coordinates, two angles and a radius (see below).
Angle 1 always lies in the X-Y plane, and Angle 2 defines the elevation of the
offset point from the X-Y plane. The radius defines the distance between the
base point and the offset point. A spherical offset may reference either the
work coordinate system or the absolute coordinate system.
Offset
Offset Point
Radius
Angle 1
Angle 2
Radius
Angle 2
Z
Y
X
Reference
Point
Angle 1
Vector Offset
This option allows specification of an offset position by indicating a direction
and entering a distance in that direction (see below). The direction is defined
by selecting a line. The point is offset toward the end of the line that is closest
to where the line was selected.
Entered
Distance
Offset Point
Direction of Offset
Z
Y
Reference
Point
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Offset
Point
Offset Point
Direction of Offset
Reference Point
Direction of Offset
Reference Point
How the curve is selected determines the direction in which the offset will
occur. Select the curve away from the reference position on the side of the
curve you want to specify the position (see below).
Select Here . . .
Reference
Point
Select Here . . .
For this Offset Direction
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Transformations
Transformations
Appendix C
Transformation procedure
Terminology
Translate
Scale
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Transformations
Transformations
The EditTransform option allows objects to be translated, rotated, and
scaled. Transformations may be used to create multiple copies of selected
objects, make multiple moves, scales, etc..
NOTE: Views, layouts, drawings, or the current WCS are not
translatable objects. There are separate options from the main
menu bar to deal with these items.
Transformation Procedure
Choose EditTransform.
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Transformations
Complete the additional selections and choices from dialog boxes. Then
complete the choices on the dialog box shown below, and choose OK.
Work
Orig
Specify
Trace Status on creates connecting curves between the original objects end
points and their transformed copies. When trace status is off, connecting lines
are not created between the original object and the transformed copies.
Original object
Transformed Object
Trace Curves
Before
After
Trace Status may be used with Translate, Scale, Rotate, Mirror, or Reposition
to create closed wireframe shapes. Trace Status is not applicable to solid
bodies, surfaces, or boundary objects. Trace curves are independent of the
Destination Layer setting, and are always created on the current Work layer.
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Transformations
When a solid body is moved, its positioning features and their associated
dimensions are moved. All associated datum planes and axes are also moved
with their solid body. All sketch features (when sketched on a face or datum
plane) are moved with the solid body as well.
When a solid body containing swept features is moved, the sweep outlines, or
paths, move as well. Other features or solid bodies sharing those sweep outlines
are also moved.
NOTE: A solid body cannot be moved with the transformation type
set to scale. Use the Scale operation to accomplish this.
Copy allows an object to be duplicated at a new location, while keeping the
original intact in its initial position.
Multiple Copies allows duplication of objects a specified number of times
during certain transform operations.
Undo Last cancels any immediately preceding transform operation. Use Undo
Last after a transformation via Move, Copy, or Multiple Copies. Undo Last
remains available until you choose Reselect Objects.
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Transformations
Translate
Objects may be Translated (moved) to a point, or by a distance of delta.
Translated objects maintain the original orientation.
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Transformations
Scale
This option affects the size of an object and the distance between the object
and its reference point. A nonuniform scale method may be specified with the
values relative to the WCS..
Reference
Point
Reference
Point
Reference
Point
Scale Factor=1/2
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Transformations
ZC
ZC
YC
XC
Before
YC
Scale Factors
XC Scale = .75
YC Scale = .5
ZC Scale = 1.25
XC
After
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Transformations
YC
ZC
Spline
XC
Before
YC
Scale Factors
ZC
XC Scale = 1.35
YC Scale = 1.02
ZC Scale = 1.00
XC
After
When an object is transformed into a different type, some or all of the original
object data may be lost (for example, attributes, view modifications, drafting
objects, dimensions, tool paths, and offset sheet bodies). Subdivisions may not
be used in NonUniform Scale.
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Transformations
The figure below illustrates Rotation About a Point, with multiple copies.
Original Object
Number of Copies: 3
Subdiv Factor: 4
Rotation Angle: 270
Reference Point
ZC
YC
XC
Line Parallel To ZC
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Transformations
YC
ZC
XC
Reference Line
Original Object
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Transformations
Reference
Point
Z
Y
Number Of Copies: 7
Rotation Angle: 315
Reference Point: Arc Center
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Transformations
Associative Offset
Curves
No Associativity
Mirrored Curves
Parent Curves
(Not Mirrored)
TIP
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Curve Creation
Curve Creation
Appendix D
PURPOSE
Create Lines
Create Arcs
Create Circles
Create Fillets
Trim Curves
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Curve Creation
Explicit Curves
The intent of this appendix is to teach 2D generator and guide geometry for the
purposes of sweeping through space to create solid bodies.
NOTE: In Unigraphics, a curve is considered to be a point, line, arc,
spline or conic.
The Curve creation options are brought up by choosing InsertCurve.
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Curve Creation
Basic Curves
When the Basic Curves icon is chosen, the Basic Curves dialog box is displayed.
The icons on this dialog box are displayed below.
Circle
Fillet
Edit Curve
Parameters
Line
Trim
Arc
The portion of the Basic Curves dialog box below the icons is different for each
of the options selected.
The Basic Curves dialog box is used to create lines, arcs, circles, and fillets.
While creating these curves, there is also quick access to the Trim Curve and
Edit Curve Parameters functions.
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Curve Creation
Location Fields
Parameter Fields
Location fields - XC, YC, and ZC. These fields track the location of the
cursor, or they can be used to input a coordinate location in the WCS.
To give a text field focus, the <Tab> key may be used or click the first mouse
button in the fields desired. Select once in the field to insert text in the existing
string, or select twice for overstrike mode.
When the XC, YC, or ZC field has focus, and <Enter> is pressed, the
location specified is accepted and an asterisk will appear in the graphics
area indicating that point.
When a parameter field (such as length, radius, etc. - any field other
than the three mentioned above) has focus and <Enter> is pressed, the
values in all parameter fields are accepted and applied to the curve being
constructed.
As soon as a line, arc, or circle is finished being created, new values may
be entered in the parameter text fields and the newlycreated object will
be updated accordingly (unless String Mode is turned on.).
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Curve Creation
PreSelection Highlighting
When the Basic Curves dialog box is active, and the Point Method is Infer, an
object on which the Selection Ball is placed will always be prehighlighted,
regardless of the setting of the Preselection option in the Selection Preferences
dialog box. This includes all Control points (see below) of the highlighted
objects. The preselection color is determined by the setting in the Selection
Preferences dialog window.
Control Points
Each type of curve has its own unique set of control points (endpoints and
midpoints). This table shows the control points for some common curve types.
TIP
Curve
Control Points
Line
Endpoints,
midpoint
Arc
Endpoints,
midpoint
Complete Circle
Center of circle,
Endpoint
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Curve Creation
Cursor Location (when a control point, arc center, or object is not in the
Selection Ball)
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Selected
Geometry
Nothing
A screen
position
An existing point
The existing
point
An endpoint or midpoint of a
line, arc, or partial ellipse
The control
point
The circle or
ellipse
The center of
the circle or
ellipse
The control
point (end
point)
The
knotpoint
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Curve Creation
Point Method
The Point Method option menu, shown below, allows points to be specified
relative to existing geometry by specifying a cursor location or by using the
Point Subfunction. The options on this menu (other than Inferred Point and
Select Face) work similarly to those in the Point Constructor dialog box.
Inferred Point
Cursor Location
Existing Point
End Point
Control Point
Intersection Point
Arc/Ellipse/Sphere Center
Quadrant Point
Select Face
Point Constructor
(See page Appendix B for more information)
When using a point method other than Infer, several things change:
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Curve Creation
The Select Face option allows the selection of a face for use as the limiting
object for a line. When in any other curve creation mode (arc, circle, spline,
etc.) this option is not available. This option can also be used to create a line
normal to a face.
If the Point Constructor method is chosen, the Point Constructor dialog box is
displayed. When Back is chosen from that dialog box, the Basic Curve dialog
box returns.
Existing Point
End Point
Control Point
Cursor Location
Intersection Point
Inferred Point
Arc/Ellipse/Sphere
Center
Quadrant Point
Angle on Arc/Ellipse
None
Rectangular
Cylindrical
Restores Base
Point values
to zero and
Offset to none
Spherical
Vector
Along Curve
String Mode
When this option is ON, the end of one object becomes the beginning of the
next. To stop string mode, turn the button OFF. To stop string mode and start it
again with the next object created, choose Break String or press the middle
mouse button.
NOTE: When String Mode is turned on, the entering of new values
in the parameter text fields as soon as a line or arc is finished being
created will not update the previously created curve.
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Curve Creation
Second point
XC
First point
YC
ZC
XC
First point
3
Second point
First point
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Curve Creation
Enter the desired angle in the Angle text field in the Dialog Bar and press
the <Tab> key. A line at this angle or at this angle plus 180 degrees
(depending on where the cursor is relative to the start point) will
rubberband in the graphics area. See the illustration below. The value in
the Angle text field will also update to reflect the start/cursor locations.
XC
Cursor location
Start location
Start location
Cursor location
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D-11
Curve Creation
Select the existing line, being careful not to select one of its control points.
Line at an angle
Defined point
Perpendicular line
Selected line
D-12
When the line is displayed, establish the length by: specifying a screen
position, selecting geometry, or immediately after the line is created,
entering a new value in the Dialog Bar.
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Curve Creation
Select a line.
Choose Apply. The new line is offset from the line selected and equal in
length. The direction of the offset is dependent on how the original line
was selected.
The offset line is
created on the side
where the center of the
selection ball is when
the original line is
selected.
Selected line
Offset
distance
New line
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D-13
Curve Creation
Select the existing curve, being careful not to select one of its control
points.
NOTE: The curve may be selected first, then the point may be
defined, if a tangent line is being created. If a perpendicular line is
being created, the point must be defined first.
The line rubberbands tangentially to the selected curve.
There are times that the rubberbanding line is on the wrong side of
the curve. Move the cursor inside, then outside the curve until the
line snaps to the other side.
The example below shows two examples of creating a line through a point and
tangent or perpendicular to an arc or circle. (Notice that the dashed line shows
the line that would be created with the dashed cursor in that position, or by
selecting the object in that position.) The same is true for the solid line and
cursor.
Defined point
(the endpoint of the arc)
Tangent line
Tangent line
Perpendicular line
Defined point
Perpendicular line
D-14
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Curve Creation
Select the first curve, being careful not to select one of its control points.
Select the second curve, again being careful not to select one of its control
points.
The illustration below shows the creation of 2 lines; one is tangent to a circle
and the other is perpendicular to a circle.
Tangent line
Second curve
Perpendicular line
First curve
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Curve Creation
Select the curve, being careful not to select one of its control points.
Select the line, again being careful not to select one of its control points.
Second
object
First object
D-16
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Curve Creation
Y
X
1
2
2
1
Select a point
Select a curve
Select limiting point/object
(if necessary)
2
1
A bisector line
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D-17
Curve Creation
The snap angle is set to the default of 3. Therefore, when cursor locations are
specified within 3 of vertical or horizontal, the line will snap to a truly vertical
or horizontal orientation.
Second selections
here
First selections
here
TIP
D-18
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Curve Creation
Select here
Select here
Tab to the Angle text box on the Dialog Bar, enter 45, and
press Enter.
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D-19
Curve Creation
Select this
line here
Select this
line here
Before
After
Select this
line here
Select this
line here
Before
After
D-20
Select the bottom diagonal line with the cross hairs on the
endpoint as shown below. The endpoint highlights before
selection.
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Curve Creation
A line appears rubberbanding from the first point at 90 angles from the base
line, relative to the cursor position.
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D-21
Curve Creation
Notice that the line was created on the side of the base line that the selection
ball was on at the time of line selection.
This line will be started at the WCS origin and its angle defined relative to the
WCS.
D-22
InsertCurveBasic Curves.
In the YC text box, key in 0 (zero) and press the Tab key.
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Curve Creation
Double click in the Angle text box of the Dialog Bar, type
200, and press the Tab key to lock in that value.
Moving the cursor around displays the intended
rubberbanded line (or a line at 20 if the cursor is in the
upper right area).
Position the cursor in the lower left to display the 200 line.
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D-23
Curve Creation
D-24
Select the last line created avoiding its control points. This
defines the base line.
In the Dialog Bar, double click in the Angle text box and key
in 20. Press Tab to lock in the angle value.
Move the selection ball around until the status line reads
Angle, then use the middle mouse button to select Lock
Mode.
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Curve Creation
A line is created tangent to the arc, at an angle of 20 from the base curve and
trimmed to the horizontal line.
20
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D-25
Curve Creation
D-26
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Curve Creation
Creating Arcs
When creating arcs, there are several things to keep in mind:
Arcs have four control points: two endpoints, a midpoint, and the arc
center.
If an arc is chosen such that one of its four control points lies within the
Selection Ball, its control point will be selected.
If an arc is chosen with none of its control points within the Selection Ball,
the arc itself will be selected, inferring tangency or a trim location.
Creation Method
There are two methods for creating arcs:
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Diameter
Start Angle
End Angle
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D-27
Curve Creation
Creating Circles
Circle creation simply requires the definition of a center location and a size.
That information can be defined by numerical entry or selections from the
screen.
Second point
First point
D-28
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Curve Creation
Third selection
(for arc size)
Second selection
(for end point)
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D-29
Curve Creation
Second selection
(for end point)
Double click in the XC text box on the Dialog Bar and enter
0, press Tab, in the YC text box enter 0, press Enter
D-30
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Curve Creation
Second selection
(for end point)
Choose Fit.
The arc is created starting at the diagonal line endpoint and ending at a point
that is in line with the arc center and the end of the horizontal line endpoint.
Step 4 Save the part.
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D-31
Curve Creation
1
3
2
1
D-32
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Define point
Select tangent object
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Curve Creation
Fillets
Fillets are arcs that have tangent relationships with one or more curves. They
are editable as fillets, meaning the tangent relationships will be maintained as
the fillet radius or arc center is changed.
This section contains a brief explanation of Fillet creation functionality. At the
end of this section, you will find a summary of Fillet creation methods. There
are three Fillet creation methods: Simple, 2 Curve, and
3 Curve, the latter two methods allow manual trimming options.
When the Fillet icon is chosen on the Basic Curves dialog box, the Curve Fillet
dialog box is displayed, as shown below:
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D-33
Curve Creation
Procedure
Indicate the desired trim methods for the objects (two and three curve
only).
Specify the approximate center of the fillet (two and three curve only).
When creating 2 and 3Curve Fillets, trim options for each of the selected
curves may be specified. If no trimming options are selected, none of the curves
are trimmed. Select from the following trim options:
Trim First Curve
Trim/Delete Second Curve
Trim Third Curve
The Delete Second Curve and Trim Third Curve options are applicable to the
3Curve Fillet only.
When creating 2 and 3Curve Fillets the approximate center must be indicated;
this is accomplished by using the cursor or the Point Constructor. Using the
cursor location method in Point Constructor selects a position in the XY plane
of the WCS.
If a fillet is created other than desired, Undo may be selected to delete the fillet
and restore the selected curves.
D-34
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Curve Creation
Simple Fillet
Simple Fillet creates a fillet between two coplanar nonparallel lines. The size
of the fillet is determined by entering a value for the radius first. The lines are
automatically trimmed to the points of tangency.
NOTE: The trim options and Point Constructor are not available.
The fillet that is created is directly related to where the lines were selected. The
Selection Ball must be positioned in such a manner as to include both lines. If
the Selection Ball contains only one line, an error message displays.
Crosshairs
L1
L1
Selected quadrant
L2
L2
AFTER
BEFORE
As both lines are selected, the crosshairs determine which fillet is created; it
indicates the center of the arc. Position the crosshairs in the quadrant formed
by the lines to define the desired fillet center. Each line extends or trims to
thearc.
Before
After
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D-35
Curve Creation
2 Curve Fillet
The 2 Curve Fillet constructs a fillet between two curves, including points, lines,
circles, conics or splines. A two curve fillet is generated in the counterclockwise
direction from the first curve to the second.
Curve 1
Curve 2
Approximate fillet
center
Curve 2
Curve 1
If the two selected curves are in different planes, the fillet plane is the plane
containing the tangent of the first curve. The plane is normal to the vectors that
are normal to both tangents and is totally independent of the WCS.
(See below.)
Curve 1
Fillet plane
Fillet
Vectors
normal to
both
tangents
Curve 2
D-36
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Curve Creation
3 Curve Fillet
This option creates a fillet between three curves, which can be any combination
of points, lines, arcs, conics, and splines. The Radius entry box is not available
because it is determined by the geometry selected.
A three curve fillet is a circular arc generated in a counterclockwise direction
from the first curve to the third curve. The system constructs the fillet in such a
manner that the center of the arc is equidistant to all three curves. The three
curves do not have to lie in the same plane.
Curve 3
Curve 1
Curve 2
Before
After
The system trims curves, based on the selected options, to the tangent point of
the fillet.
If any one of the curves selected is an arc, the system prompts for additional
information to create the fillet:
Tangent Outside
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Curve Creation
Curve 1
Curve 1
After
Before
Fillet
Curve 2
Curve 3
Curve 3
Tangent Outside
Curve 1
Curve 1
Fillet
Curve 2
Curve 3
Curve 3
Before
After
D-38
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Curve Creation
Curve 1
Curve 1
Fillet
Curve 2
Curve 3
Curve 3
Before
After
2
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D-39
Curve Creation
2 curve fillet
3 curve fillet
3
1
This concludes discussion of the creation functions found on the Basic Curves
dialog box.
D-40
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Curve Creation
In Area #1, select the fillet lines in each of the four corners
as shown below. Keep both lines inside the Selection Ball
when selecting. Cursor placement is critical.
After
Before
To restore the lines to their original state, choose Undo (using the third mouse
button).
Step 2 Create a 2 Curve Fillet (Trimming Only One Curve).
For this step create a fillet with two curves, but trim just one of the curves.
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Curve Creation
Define which object will be trimmed. In this case trim the line but not the arc.
(See below.)
Choose the Trim Second Curve button to turn the option off.
In area #2, select the yellow line (first object), then select
the arc (second object).
Select second
Indicate here
Select first
After
Before
Step 3 Create a 2 Curve Fillet (and Use a Point for One of the
Curves).
Notice that the fillet process is modal, that more fillets may be created without
reselecting any icons.
D-42
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Curve Creation
Indicate here
Select point
Select first
After
Before
Select first
Select second
Select third
Indicate here
Before
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After
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D-43
Curve Creation
D-44
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Curve Creation
Editing Curves
The options on the Edit Curve option allows the modifications of existing
curves. To display the dialog box, choose InsertCurveBasic Curves to
display the Basic Curves dialog box, then choose the Edit Curve Parameters
icon.
Edit
Curve
Parameters
Trim
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D-45
Curve Creation
Editing a Line
Editing a Line
A line may be edited by changing its endpoints or its parameters (length and
angle).
To change a line's endpoint:
Select the line end to be modified. The line now rubberbands from the
fixed end.
Specify a new position using any of the Point Method options on the
dialog box.
D-46
Enter new values for the length and/or angle in the Dialog Bar, then press
<Enter>.
The direction that the line is extended is dependent on which side of the
center control point selected.
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Curve Creation
Drag the arc or circle to a new location, or enter a new XC, YC, ZC
location in the Dialog Bar.
Enter new values in the radius, diameter, start angle, and/or end angle
fields in the Dialog Bar and press <Enter>.
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D-47
Curve Creation
To change the radius of the arc or circle, select it, avoiding its control
points, and drag it. When it is the size desired, press the first mouse
button.
Other geometry may also be selected to control the size of the arc. For example,
a line may be selected to make the arc tangent to it, or the endpoint of another
arc may be selected to make the selected arc pass through it.
To change the start or end angle of the arc or circle, select it at the
desired endpoint and drag it. When the angle is correct, press the first
mouse button.
Other geometry may also be selected to control the start and/or end angles of
the arc. A line may be selected to stop the arc at its intersection with the line, or
an endpoint of another object may be selected, and that endpoint will be
projected onto the arc to determine its start angle.
D-48
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Curve Creation
Trim
When a curve is trimmed, it is trimmed to its intersection with one or two
bounding objects. A bounding object can be a curve, face, point, plane, or view
point.
Caution must be taken when selecting the curve to trim. The portion of the
curve being trimmed determines which end is trimmed. The segment of the
object that is selected is always removed or extended (see below). If there are
multiple intersection points, select near the desired intersection, the system will
prompt for the selection of the desired intersection point to be used as the
bounding point.
Bounding Arc
Bounding Arc
Intersection
Point
Intersection
Point
If the line is selected here
BEFORE TRIM
One bounding object must be specified, and not more than two, when trimming
a curve. Once the bounding objects have been specified, multiple curves may be
specified and they will all be trimmed to the bounding objects.
Procedure
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D-49
Curve Creation
LINE3
LINE1
LINE2
LINE3
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LINE3
LINE3
The system will trim LINE3 by the combination of the side of the midpoint of
LINE3 and the side of the bounding curve.
Step 3 Close the part.
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D-51
Curve Creation
D-52
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WCS Options
WCS Options
Appendix E
Existing Point
Cursor Location
Intersection Point
Inferred Point
Arc/Ellipse/Sphere
Center
Point on Surface
Angle on
Arc/Ellipse
Point on Curve/Edge
Quadrant Point
None
Rectangular
Cylindrical
Spherical
Restores Base
Point values
to zero and
Offset to none
Vector
Along Curve
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E-1
WCS Options
Before
After
Rotate WCS: Allows the rotation of the WCS to be altered, while the location
of the axes remains unchanged. The top line of the following menu could be
read Rotate about ZC, XC to YC".
After
E-2
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Hot Keys
Hot Keys
Appendix F
This appendix describes the various short cuts via Hot Keys
Hot Key
CtrlA
CtrlB
CtrlC
CtrlD
CtrlE
Function
Assembly Navigator
Edit, Blank
Copy
Delete
Tools, Expression
Hot Key
CtrlN
CtrlO
CtrlP
CtrlQ
CtrlR
CtrlF
CtrlG
CtrlH
CtrlI
CtrlJ
CtrlK
CtrlL
CtrlM
Fit View
Grip Execute
CtrlS
CtrlT
CtrlU
CtrlV
CtrlW
CtrlX
CtrlY
CtrlZ
Information, Object
Edit, Object Display
Format, Layer Settings
Application, Modeling
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Function
File, New
File, Open
File, Plot
View, Operation, Rotate (full
menu)
File, Save
Edit, Transform
Execute User Function
Paste
Application, Gateway
Cut
Edit, Undo
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F-1
Hot Keys
CtrlShiftA
CtrlShiftB
CtrlShiftC
CtrlShiftG
CtrlShiftH
File, Save As
CtrlShiftN
Edit, Blank, Reverse Blank CtrlShiftO
All
View, Curvature Graph
CtrlShiftP
CtrlShiftQ
CtrlShiftR
Format, Layout, Fit All
CtrlShiftS
Views
Debug Grip
CtrlShiftT
High Quality Image
CtrlShiftU
CtrlShiftI
CtrlShiftJ
CtrlShiftK
CtrlShiftV
CtrlShiftW
CtrlShiftX
CtrlShiftD
CtrlShiftE
CtrlShiftF
Preferences, Object
Edit, Blank, Unblank Se
lected
CtrlShiftL
CtrlShiftM Model Navigator
CtrlShiftY
CtrlShiftZ
AltTab
AltF4
F1
Toggles Application
Closes Active Window
Help on Context
CtrlAltB
CtrlAltC
CtrlAltM
F3
F4
F5
CtrlAltN
CtrlAltW
CtrlAltX
F6
F7
Quick Zoom
Quick Rotate
F-2
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Tools, Boundary
Tools, CLSF
Application Manufactur
ing
Tools, Unisim
Application Assemblies
Tools, Lathe Cross-Sec
tion
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Glossary
Glossary
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GL-1
GL
Glossary
block font - A Unigraphics character font which is the default font used for
creating text in drafting objects and dimensions.
body - Class of objects containing sheets and solids (see solid body and sheet
body).
bottomup modeling - Modeling technique where component parts are
designed and edited in isolation of their usage within some higher level
assembly. All assemblies using the component are automatically updated when
opened to reflect the geometric edits made at the piece part level.
GL
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Glossary
constraints - Refer to the methods you can use to refine and limit your sketch.
The methods of constraining a sketch are geometric and dimensional.
construction points - Points used to create a spline. Construction points may
be used as poles (control vertices), defining points, or data points. See POLES,
DEFINING POINTS, and DATA POINTS.
control point - Represents a specific location on an existing object. A line has
three control points: both end points and the midpoint of the line. The control
point for a closed circle is its center, while the control points for an open arc are
its end and midpoints. A spline has a control point at each knot point. A control
point is a position on existing geometry. Any of the following points: 1. Existing
Points 2. Endpoints of conics 3. Endpoints and midpoints of open arcs 4. Center
points of circles 5. Midpoints and endpoints of lines 6. Endpoints of splines.
convert curve - A method of creating a bcurve in which curves (lines, arcs,
conics or splines) may be selected for conversion into a bcurve.
Coordinate System - A system of axes used in specifying positions (CSYS).
counterclockwise - The righthand rule determines the counter clockwise
direction. If the thumb is aligned with the ZC axis and pointing in the positive
direction, counterclockwise is defined as the direction the fingers would move
from the positive XC axis to the positive YC axis.
current layout - The layout currently displayed on the screen. Layout data is
kept in an intermediate storage area until it is saved.
curve - A curve in Unigraphics is any line, arc, conic, spline or bcurve. A
geometric object; this may refer to a line, an arc, a conic, or a spline.
defaults - Assumed values when they are not specifically defined.
defining points - Spline construction points. Splines created using defining
points are forced to pass through the points. These points are guaranteed to be
on the spline.
degreeoffreedom arrows - Arrowlike indicators that show areas that require
more information to fully constrain a sketch.
design in context - The ability to directly edit component geometry as it is
displayed in the assembly. Geometry from other components can be selected to
aid in the modeling. Also referred to as edit in place.
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GL-3
GL
Glossary
GL
GL-4
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Glossary
free form feature - A body of zero thickness. (see body and sheet body)
generator curve - A contiguous set of curves, either open or closed, that can be
swept or revolved to create a body.
geometric constraint - A relationship between one or more geometric objects
that forces a limitation. For example, two lines that are perpendicular or
parallel specifies a geometric constraint.
grid - A rectangular array of implied points used to accurately align locations
which are entered by using the screen position" option.
guide curve - A set of contiguous curves that define a path for a sweep
operation.
virtual intersection - Intersection formed by extending two line segments that
do not touch to the position that they cross. The line segments must be
nonparallel and coplanar.
inflection - A point on a spline where the curve changes from concave to
convex, or vice versa.
interactive step - An individual menu in a sequence of menus used in
performing a Unigraphics function.
isometric view (TfrISO) - Isometric view orientation - one where equal
distances along the coordinate axes are also equal to the view plane. One of the
axes is vertical.
knot points - The defining points of a spline. Points along a Bspline,
representing the endpoints of each spline segment.
layer - A layer is a partition of a part. Layers are analogous to the transparent
material used by conventional designers. For example, the user may create all
geometry on one layer, all text and dimensions on a second, and tool paths on a
third.
layout - A collection of viewports or window areas, in which views are
displayed. The standard layouts in Unigraphics include one, two, four or six
viewports.
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GL-5
GL
Glossary
GL
GL-6
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Glossary
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GL-7
GL
Glossary
GL
GL-8
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Glossary
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GL-9
GL
GL
Glossary
work part - The part in which you create and edit geometry. The work part can
be your displayed part or any component part which is contained in your
displayed assembly part. When displaying a piece part, the work part is always
the same as the displayed part.
work view - The view in which work is being performed. When the creation
mode is view dependent, any construction and view dependent editing that is
performed will occur only in the current work view.
XC axis - Xaxis of the work coordinate system.
YC axis - Yaxis of the work coordinate system.
ZC axis - Zaxis of the work coordinate system.
GL-10
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Index
Index
Body, GL-2
Boolean Operations, 14-6
Intersect, 14-9
Subtract, 14-9
Unite, 14-8
B
Blend, 6-3
Block, 2-18
Boss, 3-33
Bottom-Up Modeling, GL-2
Bottom-Up modeling, 8-5
Boundary, GL-2
Break String, during curve creation, D-9
C
Cartesian, 2-2
Category, Layer, GL-2
Chaining, GL-2
Chamfer, 6-10
Circle, D-28, GL-2
creation method, center point, point on circle,
D-28
edit, D-47
Circular Array, 16-5
Class selection subfunction
filter methods, 1-37
color, 1-37
features, 1-37
type, 1-37
name, 1-37
up one level, 1-38
Close, 1-41
Part File, 1-41
Component, GL-2
Part, GL-2
Component Object, definition of, 8-3
Component Part, definition of, 8-4
Components, add existing part , 8-12
Cone
Direction, GL-2
Origin, GL-2
Constraints, GL-3
Geometric, 13-59, 13-64, 13-69, 13-76
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IN-1
IN
IN
Index
geometric
displaying, 13-73
removing, 13-73
Construction Points, GL-3
Control Point, GL-3
Control points, D-5
Convert, Curves to BCurves, GL-3
Coordinate Systems, GL-3
Absolute, 2-2
Cartesian, 2-2
moving of WCS, 2-4
Sketch, GL-8
Work, 2-2
reorienting of, 2-16, 2-24
Copy, transform, C-4
Counterclockwise, GL-3
Create
Expressions, 4-3
Part, 1-9
Create Centerline, 10-10
Creating Dimensions, 10-29
Creating Utility Symbols, 10-19
Current Layout, GL-3
Cursor, GL-7
Curve, GL-3
edit, D-45
trim, D-49
Curve parameters, edit, curve, D-46
Curves, basic, D-3
Cylinder, 2-27
D
Datum Axis, 12-2
Defaults, GL-3
Edit
Expressions, 4-3
Feature, 15-2, 15-5
transform, C-2
IN-2
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Index
Edit dimension value, positioning dimension,
feature, 15-30
Edit in Place, GL-4
Edit Parameters, 15-27
Move Feature, 15-7
Endpoint, GL-4
Font
Box, GL-4
Character, GL-4
Line, GL-4
Expressions, GL-4
Creating and Editing, 4-3
Names, GL-6
F
Face, GL-4
Feature Creation
Block, 2-18
Boolean Operations, 14-6
Boss, 3-33
Chamfer, 6-10
Cylinder, 2-27
Datum Axis, 12-2
Hole, 3-14
Hollow Solid, 5-3
Instance, 16-3
Pad, 3-38
Pocket, 3-30
Primitives, 2-17
Slot, 3-21
Subtract, 14-9
Unite, 14-8
Features, GL-4
Edit, 15-2, 15-5
Hole, 3-14
Intersect, 14-9
unsuppress, 15-6
File, GL-4
close, 1-41
Close Part, 1-41
New, 1-9
Open, 1-17
Quit, 1-42
Save Part As, 1-39
Fillet
create, two curve fillet, D-36
feature, create
simple fillet, D-35
three curve fillet, D-37
G
Generator Curve, GL-5
Geometric Constraint, GL-5
Grid, GL-5
Guide Curve, GL-5
IN
I
Implementation of Design Standards, class
standards, -3
Implied intersection point, B-6
Infer, point method, D-6
Inflection, GL-5
Instance, 16-2, 16-3
Circular Array, 16-5
Rectangular Array, 16-4
Intersect, 14-9
Intersection point
apparent, B-6
implied, B-6
Introduction, -1
terminology, -6
K
Knot Points, GL-5
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IN-3
IN
Index
rectangular, B-12
spherical, B-14
vector, B-14
Offset Angle, Chamfer, 6-12
Offset Surface, GL-6
Open, Part File, 1-17
Origin, Cone, GL-2
Layer, GL-5
Layout, GL-5, GL-6
List information, Model Navigation Tool, 15-43
Listing Window, GL-6
Loaded Part, GL-6
M
MB1, 1-24
MB2, 1-24
MB3, 1-24
Menu, GL-6
Message, Part File Saved, 1-40
Millimeters, 1-9
Mirror through a line, transform, C-11
Model, GL-7
Model Navigation Tool, popup menu options, List
Information, 15-43
Model Space, 2-2, GL-6
Modeling Operations, 5-2, 6-2
Modifying a Drawing, 10-3
Move
Feature, 15-7
transform, C-4
Multiple copies, transform, C-4
N
Nonuniform scale, transform, C-8
Notes and Labels
editing text, 10-52
placing the text, 10-50
creating text with a leader, 10-51
O
Object, GL-6
Offset
along curve, B-15
cylindrical, B-13
IN-4
Practical Applications of
Unigraphics Student Manual
Pad, 3-38
Parametric Design, GL-6
Part, GL-6, GL-7
Partially Loaded Part, GL-7
Parts
fully loaded, 8-8
partially loaded, 8-8
unloaded, 8-9
Pocket, 3-30
Rectangular, 3-30, 3-38
Point Set, GL-7
Point Subfunction, GL-7
Point subfunction
angle on arc/ellipse, B-8
arc/ellipse center, B-7
control point, B-5
copying a point to work layer, B-3
cursor location, B-2, B-3
end point, B-4
existing point, B-3
intersection point, B-6
offset, B-10
along curve, B-15
cylindrical, B-13
rectangular, B-12
spherical, B-14
vector, B-14
quadrant point, B-9
reset, B-11
using screen position with a grid, B-3
Pre-selection highlighting, during basic curve
creation, D-5
Primitives, 15-1
Procedures
Body of Revolution, Trim to Face, 14-37
Toolbox-Curve, Fillets, D-41
Toolbox-Curve, Line, D-10
Toolbox-Curve, Trim Curve, D-50
Q
Quit Unigraphics, 1-42
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Index
R
ReadOnly Part, GL-7
Real Time Dynamics, GL-7
Rectangular
Pocket, 3-30, 3-38
Slot, 3-22
Reference Feature
Datum Axis, 12-2
Datum Plane, 11-3
types of, 11-2
Refresh, GL-7
Removing Drawing Views , 10-10
Reposition, 8-18
rotate about a line, 8-23
rotate about a point, 8-22
translate, 8-21, 8-22
Respecify Parameters, 15-27
Right Hand Rule, 2-2, GL-7
Rotate, the WCS, 2-11
Rotate about a line
reposition, 8-23
transform, C-12
Rotation, GL-7
TfrTri, GL-8
S
Save Part As, 1-39
Scale, transform, C-7
SCS, GL-8
Selection Toolbar, 1-27, 8-13, 8-16, 15-15
Sheet, GL-7
Silhouettes, 10-17
Simple fillet, create, D-35
Single Offset Chamfer, 6-11
Sketch, GL-8
constraining of, 13-61
Coordinate System, GL-8
Sketch Curve Creation, 13-22
Slot, 3-21
Rectangular, 3-22
IN
T
Temporary Part, GL-8
TfrISO, GL-5
Three curve fillet, create, D-37
Tool Solid, 14-7
Top-Down Modeling, GL-8
Top-Down modeling, 8-5
Trace status, transform, C-3
Transform
copy, C-4
destination layer, C-3
edit, C-2
mirror through a line, C-11
move, C-4
multiple copies, C-4
nonuniform scale, C-8
rotate about a line, C-12
rotate about a point, C-10
scale, C-7
subdivisions, C-4
trace status, C-3
translate, C-6
delta, C-6
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IN-5
IN
Index
to a point, C-6
undo last, C-4
Translate
reposition, 8-21, 8-22
transform, C-6
View, GL-9
Isometric, GL-5
Trimetric, GL-8
Work, GL-10
Trim, GL-8
Trim curve, D-49
Two curve fillet, create, D-36
Undo, 1-26
Undo last, transform, C-4
Unigraphics, GL-9
Unite, 14-8
Units, GL-9
Inches, 1-9
Millimeters, 1-9
Unsuppress feature, 15-6
X
XCAxis, GL-10
Update, 15-3
edit during update, 15-10
YCAxis, GL-10
IN-6
Practical Applications of
Unigraphics Student Manual
ZCAxis, GL-10
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Student Profile
Practical Applications of Unigraphics
Name
Employer
U.S. citizen? Yes / No
Date
9. Please list other completed CAD/CAM/CAE courses and the provider including Unigraphics CBT
and CAST:
Course
Provider
10. Please check the box that best describes your current skill level in the various Unigraphics
disciplines listed below.
none
novice
intermediate
advanced
future use
Wireframe Modeling
Solid Modeling
Parametric Modeling
Drafting
Assemblies
Manufacturing
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Additional Comments
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Day 1
Monday Morning
Introduction & Overview
Lesson 1.
Getting Started
Lesson 2.
Introduction to Solid Modeling
Afternoon
Lesson 3.
Lesson 4.
Lesson 5.
Form Features
Expressions
Face Operations
Lesson 6.
Edge Operations
Workbook Section 1
Project Description & Rear Differential Modeling
Day 2
Tuesday Morning
Lesson 7.
Lesson 8.
Introduction to Assemblies
Workbook Section 2
Rear Differential Assembly
Lesson 9.
Master Model
Afternoon
Lesson 10.
Intro to Drafting
Workbook Section 3
Rear Differential Drafting
Day 3
Wednesday Morning
Lesson 11.
Datum Planes
Lesson 12.
Datum Axes
Workbook Section 4
Rear Axle Modeling, Assembly, and Drafting
Afternoon
Lesson 13.
Day 4
Sketching
Thursday Morning
Lesson 14.
Swept Features & Boolean Operations
Workbook Section 5
Power Pack Sketching
Afternoon
Workbook Section 6
Workbook Section 7
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Day 5
Friday Morning
Lesson 15.
Editing the Model
Workbook Section 8
Part and Assembly Editing
Lesson 16.
Instance Arrays
Afternoon
Workbook Section 9
Workbook Section 10
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Model Geometry
Object Type
Solid Geometry
Interpart Modeling
Sketch Geometry
Curve Geometry
Reference Geometry
Sheet Bodies
Layer Assignment
1-20
15-20
21-40
41-60
61-80
81-100
Category Name
SOLIDS
LINKED_OBJECTS
SKETCHES
CURVES
DATUMS
SHEETS
Layer Assignment
101-110
Category Name
FORMATS
Drafting Objects
Object Type
Drawing Borders
Engineering Disciplines
Object Type
Mechanism Tools
Finite Element Meshes
and Engr. Tools
Manufacturing
Quality Tools
Layer Assignment
121-130
131-150
Category Name
MECH
CAE
151-180
181-190
MFG
QA
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Y
X
1
2
2
1
Select a point
Select a curve
Select limiting point/object
(if necessary)
2
1
A bisector line
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1
3
2
1
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Define point
Select tangent object
Unigraphics NX
Function
Assembly Navigator
Edit, Blank
Copy
Delete
Tools, Expression
Hot Key
CtrlN
CtrlO
CtrlP
CtrlQ
CtrlR
CtrlF
CtrlG
CtrlH
CtrlI
CtrlJ
CtrlK
CtrlL
CtrlM
Fit View
Grip Execute
CtrlS
CtrlT
CtrlU
CtrlV
CtrlW
CtrlX
CtrlY
CtrlZ
Information, Object
Edit, Object Display
Format, Layer Settings
Application, Modeling
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Function
File, New
File, Open
File, Plot
View, Operation, Rotate (full
menu)
File, Save
Edit, Transform
Execute User Function
Paste
Application, Gateway
Cut
Edit, Undo
Practical Applications of
Unigraphics Student Manual
CtrlShiftA
CtrlShiftB
CtrlShiftG
CtrlShiftH
File, Save As
CtrlShiftN
Edit, Blank, Reverse Blank CtrlShiftO
All
View, Curvature Graph
CtrlShiftP
CtrlShiftQ
CtrlShiftR
Format, Layout, Fit All
CtrlShiftS
Views
Debug Grip
CtrlShiftT
High Quality Image
CtrlShiftU
CtrlShiftI
CtrlShiftJ
CtrlShiftK
CtrlShiftV
CtrlShiftW
CtrlShiftX
CtrlShiftC
CtrlShiftD
CtrlShiftE
CtrlShiftF
Preferences, Object
Edit, Blank, Unblank Se
lected
CtrlShiftL
CtrlShiftM Model Navigator
CtrlShiftY
CtrlShiftZ
AltTab
AltF4
F1
Toggles Application
Closes Active Window
Help on Context
CtrlAltB
CtrlAltC
CtrlAltM
F3
F4
F5
CtrlAltN
CtrlAltW
CtrlAltX
F6
F7
Quick Zoom
Quick Rotate
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Tools, Boundary
Tools, CLSF
Application Manufactur
ing
Tools, Unisim
Application Assemblies
Tools, Lathe Cross-Sec
tion
Unigraphics NX
Date
Location
Unigraphics NX
Please give your honest opinion about the training you have received during this class. Provide additional
comments on the reverse side of this evaluation form.
Please check the box if you would like your comments, regarding the training you just received, featured in our
training publications. We will contact you if more information is needed.
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1. Were the course objectives clearly defined and were they met?
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2. Were concepts effectively communicated so that you understand how to apply the software?
No Please explain:
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3. How well prepared do you now feel to use the functions covered in this course in your day to day
activities? Please explain:
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over
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6. What additional topics related to parametric design would you like to see covered in this course?
Please explain:
7. Do you have any other suggestions on how the course could be improved?
Please explain:
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8. In order to continually improve our courseware a post class survey is conducted; would you be
willing to participate in this survey. (If you checked this box, make sure that your name is on this sheet.)
Course - What was your overall impression?
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