Ket Cau Go - Tran Tien Dac

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Revision 1.1
CHNG 6: KT CU G
I. NHNG VN CHUNG V TNH TON V THIT K KT CU G
I.1. VT LIU G DNG TRONG XY DNG
I.1.1. Phn nhm g xy dng
Theo ngh nh 10/CP ngy 26-4-1960, g c chia lm 8 nhm, t nhm I n nhm VIII.
G dng cho xy dng thuc cc nhm V, VI, VII.

Kt cu chu lc chnh thng c dng g nhm V, cc kt cu khc nh kt cu bao che,
khung ca, nh tm, vn khun ch c dng g nhm VI tr i.
Ngoi tr trng hp c bit nh dm cu, ct cu, nh lu nm quan trng (hi trng ln, nh
my) c th c dng g nhm II (nhng khng bao gm 3 loi: lim, tu, nghin).
TCVN 1072-1971 phn thnh 6 nhm g theo ng sut bn.
Nhm I c ng sut bn cao nht v trng lng ring ln nht, tng ng g nhm II theo
ngh nh 10/CP. Nhm III, IV ca tiu chun ny th tng ng vi nhm VI ca ngh nh 10/CP.
Chi tit nhm xem ph lc 1 v 2, S tay tnh ton Kt cu g on nh Kin, L ng Tng,
NXB Xy dng.
I.1.2. Phm cht v quy cch g
Theo TCXD 44-70, quy nh hng g c dng ty theo tng loi cu kin nh sau:
- Cu kin chu ko chnh dng hng A
- Cu kin chu nn v un dng hng B
- Cu phong, lito, vn sn v cc cu kin khng quan trng khc dng hng C. Khng quan
trng c hiu l khi b ph hoi khng nh hng n s lm vic ca ton b kt cu.
M t yu cu cc hng g A, B, C theo TCXD 44-70 tham kho bng 1-1 v 1-2 S tay tnh
ton Kt cu g on nh Kin, L ng Tng, NXB Xy dng.
G trn c chia lm 4 hng theo ng knh v chiu di. Mi cp ng knh cch nhau 5cm,
mi cp chiu di cch nhau 0.5m. (Bng 1-3)
G x l g c t nht hai mt x song song nhau, c chia lm 2 loi cn c vo mc ch s
dng: vn v hp.
Gi l vn khi chiu rng mt x 3 ln chiu dy.
Gi l hp khi chiu rng mt x < 3 ln chiu dy.
Kch thc ca g x (chiu rng, chiu dy) theo quy nh bng 1-4.
Chiu di ca g x t 1m n 8m, mi cp chiu di cch nhau 0.25m.
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Revision 1.1
I.1.3. Tnh cht c l ca g

m ca g ly nh sau:
Cc kt cu khng c che ma nng
Cc kt cu c che ma nng, khng thong
gi, hoc lm bng g khng c hong kh trc
Cc kt cu chu lc thng xuyn c che ma
nng, thong gi, hoc lm bng g c hong trc
G lm cht, tm m, cc chi tit nh quan trng
th phi c sy k m t yu cu l
25%
20%
18%
15%
Cc ch tiu cng ch yu ca g c quy nh theo TCVN 1072-1971:
Nhm
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
ng sut gii hn (daN/cm2 = 105 N/m2)

Ko dc
Nn dc
Un
Trt dc
1395
630
1300
125
1165
525
1080
105
970
440
900
85
810
365
750
70
675
305
625
60
460
205
425
45
I.1.4. Yu cu v x l bo qun g xy dng

Yu cu bt buc l phi ngm tm g trc khi s dng.
G nhm V: cc kt cu chu lc c th khng cn ngm tm. Nhng cc chi tit quan trng nh
m g, cht g th phi lm, tr khi chng l g nhm II.
G nhm VI: cc kt cu chu lc nh ct, dm, v ko.. bt buc phi ngm tm.
G nhm VII, nhm VIII: thng l cc b phn t chu lc: vn phi x l ha cht.
Nu mi trng s dng khng b m t, th ch yu cn chng mi mt. Cn qut, phun hoc
ngm thuc BQG1 theo liu lng 350g / m2, m bo thm su 1.5 2.5 mm.
Nu mi trng c kh nng lm mc g, phi dng thuc phng mc LN2, LN3. Cn qut hay
phun khi bo qun tm, kt cu chu lc phi ngm trc khi s dng, m bo thm su 10 mm.
Khi c kh nng mc ln mi mt nh nhng b phn b chn kn: chn ct, u dm,.. c th
tm hay qut creozot. Cng trnh ngp mn cn qut sunphat ng hoc bc tole.
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I.2. C S TNH TON KT CU G

I.2.1. Phng php tnh kt cu g
Kt cu g c tnh theo 2 TTGH: TTGH1 v TTGH2.
TTGH 1: trng thi gii hn v kh nng chu lc ( bn, n nh, mi) c tnh vi mi
loi kt cu.
TTGH 2: trng thi gii hn v bin dng: c tnh vi nhng kt cu c yu cu khng c
bin dng qu mc.
I.2.2. Cng tnh ton ca g
Cng tnh ton ca g, chu tc dng ca ti trng thng xuyn v ti trng tm thi, trong
iu kin nhit bnh thng (< 35C) v m bnh thng (w = 15% v w = 18%) c ly theo
bng 1-7. Gi tr trong bng ny phi c nhn vi h s iu kin lm vic ca cu kin (bng 1-8).
Nn ngang th v
p mt ngang th
Trng thi
Nn dc th
Ko dc th
Un
ng sut
Rn (daN/cm2)
Rk (daN/cm2)
Ru (daN/cm2)
m w
15%
18%
15%
18%
15%
18%
15%
18%
15%
18%
IV
150
135
115
110
170
150
25
24
29
25
155
135
125
120
185
165
28/25
25/22
30
25
VI
130
115
100
95
135
120
20
18
24
21
VII
115
100
85
80
120
100
15
13
22
19
Rn90 , Rem90
Trt dc th
Rtr (daN/cm2)
Cng tnh ton v p mt xin th (lc tc dng to vi th g gc ):

Rem =
Trong :
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Rem
R
1 + em 1 sin 3
Rem90
Rem : cng tnh ton p mt dc th ca g.

Rem90 : cng tnh ton p mt ngang th ca g.
Revision 1.1
Cng tnh ton v trt xin th (lc tc dng to vi th g gc ):

Rtr =
Trong :
Rtr
R
1 + tr 1 sin 3
Rtr 90
Rtr : cng tnh ton trt dc th ca g.

Rtr90 : cng tnh ton trt ngang th ca g.
Rtr
1
Rtr nn cng thc trn chuyn thnh Rtr =
1 + sin 3
2
Cng g m w khc 15% c tnh theo cng thc:
V Rtr 90 =
w =
Trong :
=0:
= 0,03 :
= 0,04 :
= 0,03 :
15
1 + ( w 15 )
ko dc th g.
trt dc th g.
nn dc th g.
un tnh.
Trong nhng iu kin s dng v lm vic khng bnh thng ( m cao, nhit cao, ti
trng di hn, ti trng ngn hn, cu kin cong, ), h s iu kin lm vic c ly theo bng 1-9,
1-10, 1-11. Nu ng thi xt nhiu yu t, th cng nhn vi mi h s c lin quan.
Mun n hi dc ca mi loi g, chu tc dng ca ti trng thng xuyn v ti trng tm
thi, trong iu kin nhit bnh thng (< 35C) v m bnh thng (w = 15% v w = 18%) c
ly theo c ly bng E = 100 000 daN/cm2. Trong iu kin nhit cao, m cao, hoc ch chu
tc dng ca ti trng di hn th tr s ny cn c nhn vi h s iu kin lm vic bng 1-9.
Cng tnh ton ca thp dng trong kt cu g ly theo TCXD 338:2005.
Cng ca cc b phn c ren nh bulng, thanh ko phi nhn vi h s 0.8.
Nu thanh ko do 2 hoc 3 thanh ghp li, th cng ca chng phi nhn vi 0.85.
I.3. TNH TON KT CU G
I.3.1. Hng dn chung
Khi thit k, cn ch trc tin n iu kin s dng ca kt cu g, quan trng nht l cc

bin php chng mc, chng mi mt.
Cn tit kim vt liu, thit k sao cho vic ch to v dng lp n gin.
Nn thng nht ha, tiu chun ha cc mi lin kt, cu kin, v kt cu.
Ch nn dng kt cu g trong iu kin nhit v m bnh thng.
Trn bn v thi cng cn ghi r loi g s dng, m qui nh, cc loi cu kin v phng
php gia cng (bo, chng mc, chng mi mt nh th no) cng nh s liu v cc chi tit v cu
kin bng thp dng trong kt cu g.
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Revision 1.1
I.3.2. Hng dn c th
Gi thit vt liu lm vic n hi. B qua cc bin dng v ng sut do thay i nhit v do
s co rt, dn n ca g.
Bin dng t l vi ni lc tc dng ln lin kt. Nu tn dng ht kh nng chu lc ca lin
kt th bin dng ti a nh sau:
- Mng v cc ghp ni t u
1,5mm
- Cc loi cht
2,0mm
- Cc loi chm v ghp ngang th 3,0mm
Vi cu kin g trn, dng tit din v tr moment un ln nht khi tnh kim tra bn chu
un; dng tit din gia chiu di tnh ton khi tnh kim tra vng v n nh.
Vi cu kin g x, s loi tit din trong mt kt cu cng t cng tt. Cc lin kt lm vic
song song phi c cng cng. Mi ni cc cu kin chu nn cn gim ti a kh nng chuyn v ra
ngoi mt phng lm vic, nn t gn cc im c kt, thc hin theo kiu t u c bn ghp v c
bulng theo cu to. Trc thanh phi ng quy ti nt.
H ging phi m bo c kt, gi n nh, khng cho kt cu b vnh ra ngoi mt phng lm
vic. H ging c th l x g, thanh chng v cc cu kin cu to khc. Cn d kin nhng bin php
neo buc kt cu khi vn chuyn cu lp.
II. TNH TON CC CU KIN C BN
II.1. CU KIN CHU KO NG TM
=
Trong :
N:
Ath :
Rk :
N
Rk
Ath
lc ko tnh ton.
din tch tit din thu hp (cc ni gim yu nm trong
phm vi chiu di 20cm xem nh cng nm trn mt
tit din).
cng tnh ton chu ko dc th ca g.
Xem v d 2-1, trang 24.
20cm
II.2. CU KIN CHU NN NG TM
Tnh theo cng :
N
Rn
Ath
Tnh theo n nh:
N
Rn
Att
Trong :
N:
Rn :
Ath :
Ang :
Att :
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lc nn tnh ton.
cng tnh ton chu nn dc th ca g.
din tch tit din thu hp (cc ni gim yu nm trong phm vi chiu di 20cm xem
nh cng nm trn mt tit din).
din tch tit din nguyn.
din tch tnh ton ca tit din khi tnh theo n nh
5
Revision 1.1
Tit din khng c gim yu

Tit din c gim yu, nhng l khuyt khng n ra n mp ca cu kin, v:
din tch tit din l khuyt 25% Ang
din tch tit din l khuyt > 25% Ang
Tit din c gim yu, l khuyt n vo t mp ca cu kin, v
l khuyt i xng
l khuyt khng i xng
:
2
1
0.8
100
=
3100
2

Att = Ang
Att = (4/3)Ath
Att = Ath
Tnh nh CK chu NLT
h s un dc ca cu kin, xc nh nh sau:
75
> 75
l0
r
r=
J ng
Ang
lo = l
Trong :
Jng :
(Ang) ca cu kin.
r:
l0 :
Att = Ang
lo = 0,8l
lo = 2l
lo = 0,65l
moment qun tnh v din tch tit din nguyn

bn knh qun tnh ca tit din.
chiu di tnh ton ca cu kin.
mnh gii hn quy nh cho cu kin chu nn:

o Cu kin ch yu (ct, thanh cnh dn) = 120
o Cu kin ph
= 150
o Cc thanh ging
= 200
Khi gii bi ton ngc, chn tit din cu kin A theo ni lc, c th dng cc cng thc sau:
N
2
R + 0.001kl
n
A=
l0 kN
16 Rn
Vi
75
h
> 75
k l t s gia cnh ln a v cnh nh b ca tit din
k=
a
1
b
k=h/b
Xem v d 2-2, trang 28 v v d 2-3, trang 29.

II.3. CU KIN CHU UN
II.3.1. Un phng
Cu kin chu un phng khi ti trng nm trong mt phng qun tnh chnh ca tit din.
Tnh theo cng :
M
=
Ru
Wth
Trong :
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M:
Ru :
Wth :
moment un tnh ton.

cng tnh ton chu un ca g.
moment khng un ti tit din thu hp (cng xt gim yu trong phm vi 20cm)
Revision 1.1
=
Trong :
Q:
Jng :
Sng :
b:
Rtr :
QSng
J ng b
Rtr
lc ct tnh ton ti tit din ang xt.

moment qun tnh nguyn ca tit din.
moment tnh nguyn i vi trc trung ha ca phn tit din trn hoc di.
chiu rng tit din.
cng tnh ton v trt dc th khi un ca g. Dm g ni chung khng cn kim
tra v trt, ch khi dm rt ngn (l 5h) hoc khi c lc tp trung ln gn gi ta.
Tnh theo cng (theo bin dng):
f =
Trong :
Mtc :
l:
E:
Jng :
k:
kM tc l 2 f
2 EJ ng l
moment un ln nht trong cu kin do ti trng tiu chun gy ra.

nhp tnh ton ca cu kin.
mun n hi ca g.
moment qun tnh tit din nguyn ca cu kin.
h s ty thuc s kt cu.
Vi dm n gin,
chu ti phn b u:
k = 0.2
chu ti tp trung gia nhp:
k = 0.167
Cc trng hp khc, xem ph lc 3, trang 188.
Cu kin
- Sn gc
- Sn tng hm, mi
+Kt cu mi:
- Dm mi, x g, ko
- Cu phong, lito, vn mi
k = 0,208
l
k = 0,167
[f/l]
1 : 250
1 : 200
l/2
l/2
1 : 200
1 : 150
II.3.2. Un xin
y
b
Cu kin chu un xin khi ti trng khng nm trong mt mt phng qun

tnh chnh ca tit din, ngha l c th phn ti ra nm trong cc phng trc
chnh ca tit din.
qx
x
Tnh theo cng :
=
Trong :
M
Mx
+ y Ru
Wth , x Wth , y
qy
y
Mx , My : moment un tnh ton i vi cc trc chnh x v y ca tit din.

Wth,x Wth,y : moment khng un ti tit din thu hp ca tit din i vi cc trc chnh x v y.
Ru :
cng tnh ton chu un ca g.
vng ca cu kin chu un xin tnh theo cng thc:

f =
Trong :
f x2 + f y2
fx v fy l vng ca cu kin do cc thnh phn lc tiu chun gy ra un i vi cc trc

chnh x v y, cng c th xc nh theo
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f =
kM tcl 2
2 EJ ng
7
Revision 1.1
c th chn c tit din chu un theo Mx v My , c th bin i cng thc

M
M
= x + y Ru v dng ch c mt n s:
Wth , x Wth , y
Wx
Trong :
Mx
h
1 + tg
Ru
b
h/b l t s gia 2 cnh ca tit din.
Xem v d 2-4 trang 33 v v d 2-5 trang 34.

II.4 CU KIN CHU NN UN
Cu kin chu nn un l cu kin chu nn v un ng thi.

Tnh theo cng trong mt phng un:
N
M Rn
=
+
Rn
Ath Wth Ru
Trong l h s k n s tng moment un do c tc dng ca lc nn
khi thanh bin dng.
= 1
2N
3100 Rn Ang
[ 0 :1]
Ngoi ra cu kin phi c kim tra v n nh trong mt phng vung gc vi mt phng un,
v phi c kim tra v n nh trong c mt phng un. Cng thc s dng nh thanh chu nn ng
M
1 N
tm. Khng xt n moment un khi ng sut un nh
. Xem v d 2.6 trang 37.

W
10
A
ng
ng
III. TNH TON LIN KT TRONG KT CU G

III.1. CH DN CHUNG V LIN KT
Lin kt l b phn trng yu ca kt cu g, c tc dng:

o Ghp to: tng kch thc ngang ca tit din.
o Ni di: tng chiu di cu kin.
o Ghp nt: ghp nhiu cu kin giao nhau ti nt theo cc gc khc nhau.
Kt cu g dng cc loi lin kt: mng, chm, cht, dn keo v lin kt kim loi.
Lin kt
Mng
Lm vic
p mt
Trt
Phm vi s dng
Lin kt nt
Mi ni chu nn
u im
Ch to c hin trng,
nn c dng rng ri.
Chm
p mt
Ghp to cu kin
L cch chnh ghp to cu
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Nhc im
Lm gim yu tit din
D ph hoi dn khi chu trt
Kh p dng c gii ha
Nh lin kt mng, v cn:
8
Cht
Trt
Ct
p dng rng ri
Dn keo
Trt
u vit nht.
Kim loi
Ko
Thay th g.
Revision 1.1
kin trong iu kin VN.

dai ln
Chu lc an ton
Ph hp p dng c gii ha
Vn ch to th cng c
m bo kh nng chu lc ln
Khng lm gim yu tit din
Khng dng thp
To ra cu kin c hnh dng v
kch thc bt k.
Tn thp lm bulng sit.

Cn nhiu thp lm cht
Nu thay bng cht g hoc tre
th lm gim kh nng chu lc
hoc tng kch thc lin kt.
Yu cu trang b ng b, k
thut s dng cao nn cha c
p dng VN
Cc yu cu c bn nhm m bo kh nng chu lc ca lin kt:

o Cht: c th truyn lc vi bin dng ban u thp nht. Cc mt truyn lc phi kht, tip
xc tt. Cc lin kt inh, cht, mng n gin d tha yu cu ny.
o Dai: c bin dng ln trc khi ph hoi, khc phc mt phn s lm vic dn khi chu ko
v trt, m bo s truyn lc u n cc vt lin kt (trnh qu ti cc b lm ph hoi
dn tng vt lin kt). Lin kt dai nh cht, t u, kim loi chu ko.
o Phn tn: trnh lm gim t ngt kh nng chu lc ca lin kt, c th xy ra khi lin kt
ngu nhin trng vo ch khuyt tt ca g. Do lin kt nn c kch thc nh vi s
lng nhiu.
Cc yu cu khc:
o Cng cng: chu lc ng u (tt nht l nn cng loi, ging nhau).
o t gy gim yu bi cc l, rnh.
o D ch to, quan st, sa cha.
Cc quy nh chung v lin kt:
1. Khi tnh lin kt chu p mt v trt, cn k n nh hng ca gc truyn lc so vi th g.
2. Khng c k n nh hng gim ti ca lc ma st v khng n nh v kh xc nh.
3. Bin dng ca lin kt ly theo ch dn chng 1.
III.2. LIN KT MNG
Nn
III.2.1. Mng rnh

Lin kt mng rnh l lin kt m
thanh chu nn t u vo rnh ct thanh kia.
Lin kt ny c p dng ch yu trong cc
nt ca dn g, khung g.
ltr
90
hr
III.2.1.1 Mng mt rng
Nk
bulong 12
b
A
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Revision 1.1
ng trc ca thanh nn (lc nn Nn) phi vung gc v i qua im gia ca mt p ab,

ng sut p mt c phn b u.
Cc lc tc dng ti nt: Nn , v Nk (trong thanh ko) v phn lc ta A phi ng quy ti mt
im, sao cho lc Nk phi i qua trng tm ca tit din gim yu bc ca thanh ko. Nu khng, thanh
chu ko lch tm ti tit din gim yu s gim kh nng chu lc rt nhiu.
Cc thanh t vo nt c lin kt cht vi nhau bng bulng sit hay inh a, ng vung gc
vi trc ca thanh nn.
Gi tr cn di
G hp: 2cm hr
Chiu su rnh hr
G trn: 3cm hr
Chiu di mt trt bd:
Gi tr cn trn
1
hr h trong nt u dn
3
1
hr h trong nt trung gian
4
1.5h lbd 10hr
Lin kt mng mt rng c tnh ton v:

o p mt trn mt ab do lc Nn ,v
o Trt theo mt bd do lc Nk.
Tnh theo p mt:

N em N n
=
Rem
Aem Aem
Trong :
Rem :
Aem :
cng tnh ton v p mt cho th gc .

din tch chu p mt Aem = bhr / cos.
Chiu su cn thit hr ca rnh c tnh ra t hai cng thc trn: hr
N n cos
bRem
Tnh theo trt:

N tr N k
=
Rtrtb
Atr
Atr
Trong :
Ntr :
Atr :
lc gy trt, l thnh phn ngang ca Nn : Ntr = Nn cos = Nk

din tch mt trt Atr = bhr
Rtrtb :
cng trt dc th trung bnh Rtr =

tb
Rtr
1+
btr
e
Rtr cng tnh ton v trt dc th.

h s ph thuc s t lc trt, vi mng rnh lc trt mt pha = 0.25
e cnh tay n lc trt, vi mng rnh e = 0.5h
Chiu di mt trt ltr c th c tnh ra t hai cng thc trn: ltr
N tr
bRtr 0.25
N tr
e
Ngoi ra cn kim tra tit din gim yu ca thanh di chu ko ng tm.
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10
Revision 1.1
III.2.1.2 Mng hai rng

Nn
ltr "
ltr '
hr"
hr '
Nk
Khi tnh ton su rnh hr ca

mng mt rng nu vt qu gii hn
quy nh th dng mng hai rng.
nh ca rng th nht nm
bin trn ca thanh ko.
nh ca rng th hai nm vo
giao im ca trc thanh nn vi bin
trn ca thanh di.
C hai mt p u vung gc vi
trc thanh.
Mt trt ca rng th hai phi
su hn mt trt ca rng th nht
khng t hn 2cm: hr'' hr' + 2cm .
Ngoi ra cng ging nh quy nh
vi mng mt rng.
Gi tr cn di
G hp: 2cm hr
Gi tr cn trn
Chiu su rnh hr
G trn: 3cm hr
Chiu di mt trt bd:
1
hr h trong nt u dn
3
1
hr h trong nt trung gian
4
1.5h ltr' ltr'' 10hr
Mng hai rng c tnh ton vi gi thit lc p mt Nem = Nr phn b cho mi rng t l vi
din tch p mt ca chng (ng sut p mt phn b u).
Kim tra theo p mt, c th kim tra chung cho hai rng:
N em
Rem
'
''
Aem + Aem
Kim tra trt ca rng th nht:
N tr'
0.8Rtr'tb
Atr'
Trong :
N tr' = N k
hr'
hr' + hr''
N tr' :
phn lc gy trt do rng th nht chu
Atr' :
din tch mt trt th nht
Rtr'tb :
cng tnh ton trung bnh v trt ca rng th nht, ng vi
Atr' = bltr'
ltr'
H s 0.8 xt n kh nng qu ti ca rng th nht khi hai rng chu lc khng u.
Kim tra trt ca rng th hai, vi ton b lc trt N tr'' = N t

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11
Revision 1.1
N tr''
1.15 Rtr''tb
Atr''
Trong :
Atr'' = bltr''
Atr'' :
din tch mt trt th hai
Rtr''tb :
cng tnh ton trung bnh v trt ca rng th hai, ng vi
ltr''
H s 1.15 xt n kh nng ng sut trt phn b u hn trn mt trt th hai.
Chiu di hai mt trt c quan h hnh hc gn ng nh sau ltr'' ltr' +
htren
2sin
III.2.1.3 Mng rnh ca cc thanh g trn
V cu to, mng rnh g

trn c mt s khc bit nh sau:
mi ch u trn nn
u phi ct vt to thnh mt
phng tip xc c vi nhau.
V thanh di c vt c
mt trn v mt di, nn cc lc
c th ng quy vo trc thanh,
trng tm ca tit din gim yu
s gn trng vi trc thanh nn
chp nhn c.
Nn
ltr
90
Nk
hr
d
Din tch mt p rnh c th tnh gn ng bng cng thc sau:

0.71bhr
Aem
b = 2 ( d hr ) hr l dy cung ca hnh vin phn.
cos
Aem v b cng c th tm theo th ph lc 6.
Din tch mt trt Atr = bltr.
Xem v d 3-1 trang 49 v v d 3-2 trang 50.
III.2.2. Cc lin kt truyn lc trc tip khc
Ngoi mng rnh, cn mt s hnh thc lin kt truyn trc tip t cu kin ny sang cu kin
khc, nh sau y.
III.2.2.1 Lin kt t u
c im: lc nn truyn qua mt tip xc c din tch p mt ln hn nn kh nng chu lc ln

hn. ng sut trt khng ng k nn lin kt lm vic an ton.
Tnh ton: p mt dc th hoc cho th theo cng thc chung.
ng dng ca lin kt t u:
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12
Revision 1.1
o Ni di hai thanh chu nn.

o Ni hai thanh nn giao nhau phn di gc, nh nt nh dn.
o Lin kt nt cc thanh nhng khng ct rnh m thng qua m.
mi ni thanh nn, theo cu to c thm hai bn p v lin kt bng 4 bulng. Khi dng m,
m n su vo thanh chnh su hr (2cm hr h/4) v c c nh bng bulng sit; thanh nn t
ton b vo m v c c nh bng cht ngm.
III.2.2.2 Lin kt vt cho
Lin kt vt cho dng ni cc nhp dm n gin v tr gi ta, hoc to thnh cc khp

dm lin tc. Bulng c tc dng cu to.
Lin kt vt cho cng dng ni cc cu kin chu un khi
moment un nh. Khi ny dng hai bulng thay v mt, moment s phn
thnh cp ngu lc, lc gy nn s truyn ln u g vt cho, lc gy ko
s do bulng chu.
III.3. LIN KT CHT
Khi nim cht bao gm cc loi vt mnh v di, xuyn qua cc

khe ca cu kin g.
Cht gm cc loi: cht thp trn, bulng, inh, vt, cht g (con
x)
Ty theo s t lc v s cu kin g, c lin kt i xng v
lin kt bt i xng.
Lin kt cht ch yu ni di cc thanh, t hp cu kin, v c
dng trong lin kt nt dn.
III.3.1. Cht thp trn v bulng
S1
S1
S1
S1
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S1
S1
S3
S2
S3
S3
S2
S2
S3
Cht thp trn 1224 ng vo l khoan sn c cng

ng knh vi cht.
Chiu di cht d ra 12cm so vi tng chiu dy cc
thanh g cn lin kt.
chng trt do g vnh ngt, s cht l bulng
thng c cng ng knh.
Cht c b tr song song hoc so le, vi khong cch
c quy nh nh sau:
o Khi b > 10d, S1 7d, S2 3.5d, S3 3.0d
o Khi b 10d, S1 6d, S2 3.0d, S3 2.5d
13
Revision 1.1
Kh nng chu lc ca mt mt ct cht l gi tr nh nht trong s cc kh nng chu lc sau:

Trong lin kt
i xng
Kh nng chu lc
Theo iu kin p mt
ca thanh bin
Theo iu kin p mt
ca thanh gia
Theo iu kin un
ca thn ct
Trong :
Trong lin kt bt
i xng
Cho th gc
Ta = 80ad
Tc = 50ad
Ta := k Ta
Tc = 35ad
Tu = 180d2 + 2a2 250d2
Tc := k Tc
Tu :=
k Tu
T (daN) ; a,c,d (cm).

a:
chiu dy cu kin bin (hay cu kin mng hn trong lin kt 1 mt ct).
c:
chiu dy cu kin gia (hay cu kin dy hn trong lin kt 1 mt ct).
d:
ng knh cht.
Nu lc truyn qua cht hp vi th g gc th phi iu chnh theo k (Bng 3.1).

Gc
30
60
90
ng knh cht (mm)

12
16
20
24
0.95
0.9
0.90
0.9
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.70
0.6
0.55
0.5
III.3.2. inh v vt
inh c ng knh t 26 mm, di 70200 mm c ng thng vo g khng cn khoan trc.

1 1
chiu dy thanh g c
Dng vt khi lin kt bn thp vi g. ng knh inh c ly bng
4 10
lin kt.
inh c b tr song song hay so le, hoc b tr song song cho gc.
Khong cch cc inh c quy nh nh sau:
Theo phng dc th g:
a/d
S1
10
15d
9
16d
8
17d
7
18d
6
19d
5
20d
4
25d
Theo phng ngang th g:

S2 4d (b tr song song) hoc S2 3d (b tr so le hoc cho)
S3 4d
Khi ng inh i din t hai bn, phi b tr nh hai inh vi khong cch nh quy nh trn.
Ngoi l c th xem nh mt inh nu ngp ca inh vo thanh gia khng qu 2/3 chiu dy thanh
gia.
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Revision 1.1
Kh nng chu lc ca mt mt ct inh l gi tr nh nht trong s cc kh nng chu lc sau,

khng ph thuc vo gc nh cht:
Trong lin kt
i xng
Kh nng chu lc
Theo iu kin p mt
ca thanh bin
Theo iu kin p mt
ca thanh gia
Theo iu kin un
ca thn ct
Trong lin kt bt
i xng
Ta = 80ad
Tc = 50ad
Tc = 35ad
Tu = 250d2 + a2 400d2
Chiu di lm vic ca inh trong cu kin ngoi cng ( tnh Ta v Tu):

Khi inh ng khng xuyn ht thanh cui cng:
a = l c 2n 1.5d 4d
Trong :
c (mm):
1.5d
2n (mm):
tng chiu dy cc thanh g c inh ng sut qua.

phn mi nhn ca inh xem nh khng tham gia chu ct.
s khe h gia cc thanh g, mi khe 2mm.
Nu a < 4d th khng tnh s lm vic ca mt ct cui cng .

Khi inh ng xuyn ht thanh cui cng: ly a bng chiu dy thanh cui tr i 1.5d l lp g
bn ngoi b tch nn b qua.
III.3.3. Cht g (con x)
trnh cht thp c th b hoen r, c th dng cht g.

Cht g lm bng g nhm IV hoc tt hn, ng knh t 1230 mm.
Con x lm bng tre, ng knh di 14 mm, dng cho kt cu tre hoc kt cu g nh, khng
quan trng.
Cht g c b tr vi khong cch c quy nh nh sau:
o Khi b > 10d, S1 5d, S2 3.0d, S3 2.5d
o Khi b 10d, S1 4d, S2 2.5d, S3 2.5d
Kh nng chu lc ca mt mt ct cht g l gi tr nh nht trong s cc kh nng chu lc sau:
Kh nng chu lc
Theo iu kin p mt
ca thanh bin
Theo iu kin p mt
ca thanh gia
Theo iu kin un
ca thn ct
Trong lin kt
i xng
Trong lin kt bt
i xng
Ta = 50ad
Tc = 30ad
Cho th gc
Ta := k Ta
Tc = 20ad
Tu = 45d2 + 2a2 65d2
Tc := k Tc
Tu :=
k Tu
Nu lc truyn qua cht g hp vi th g gc th phi iu chnh theo k
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Gc
k
Revision 1.1
30
1.0
60
0.8
90
0.7
III.4. LIN KT CHM
Chm l ming m nh t vo khe gia cc thanh g chng khng trt ln nhau. ng

dng ch yu ghp to cu kin vi nhau thnh tit din t hp, hoc ni di cc thanh ko, hay
lm lin kt nt.
b
Chm g ch nht c cc hnh thc:

o Chm dc: th chm nm dc theo hr
thanh g, chu lc khe, nhng kh
t st vo hai thanh.
o Chm ngang: th chm vung gc
vi trc thanh g, cu to dng 2
ming mm vt cho nn t rt st
vo hai thanh, u chm vn cn hr
d 2-3cm v sau ng cht thm.
o Chm nghing: trc chm nghing
nn ch c 1 u p vo thanh g.
o Chm cch: hai thanh g c khe h
tng cng tit din v
thng thong.
Lch
1-1
1
Lch
2
2-2
Lch
hr
Chiu su rnh hr phi tha:
h
D
20 hr
hay
5
4
vi h: chiu cao g hp, D: ng knh g trn.
Chiu di chm: lch 5hr

Nu l chm cch:
trong ct t hp:
lch 2.5(so + 2hr).
trong dm t hp:
lch 5.0(so + hr).
vi so 0.5h: khe h gia hai thanh g.
Khong cch gia hai chm: s lch
Kh nng chu lc ca mt chm l gi tr nh nht trong s cc kh nng chu lc sau:
p mt ca chm v rng g
Tem = Rem bhr
Trt ca thn chm
Ttr = R blch
Trt ca rng g
Ttr = R bltr
tb
tr
tb
tr
Rtrtb =
Rtrtb =
Rtr
1 + 0.825
btr
hr
Rtr
1 + 0.25
btr
0.5h
III.5. LIN KT CHU KO BNG KIM LOI
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16
Revision 1.1
Dng lin kt cc thanh ko, hoc trc tip chu ko thay cho g. Thng lm t thp Ct3,
tnh theo quy phm v kt cu thp.
III.5.1. inh v vt Chu nh
Ch dng trong nhng kt cu ph (vn sn, trn,) v nhng kt cu m inh va chu un

(nh lin kt cht) va chu nh ng thi.
Khng c tnh inh chu nh khi:
o inh ng dc th vo u nt thanh g.
o inh ng vo cc l khoan sn.
o inh chu ti trng rung ng.
Kh nng chng nh:
Trong :
T = dl1 Rnh
Rnh: cng chng nh ca inh hoc vt.

Rnh = 30 N/cm2 vi inh, khi g kh ngoi tri;
Rnh = 10 N/cm2 vi inh, khi g m kh dn trong thi gian s dng;
Rnh = 100 N/cm2 vi vt;
d: ng knh inh hoc ng knh ngoi ca thn vt. d < 0.5cm.
l1 : chiu di tip xc ( tr u nhn 1.5d v cc khe h 2mm).
Yu cu cu to: l1 10d ; l1 2a ; a 4d ; (a : chiu dy tm c inh ng sut qua).

III.5.2. Bulng v thanh ko
Bulng c chiu di nh, dng sit cc cu kin, bulng chu ko.

Thanh ko di hn, hai u c ren rng, c th un thnh mc kn kt hp vi bn ghp v
cht.
III.5.3. ai inh a
ai: lm t thp trn, thp bn, dy thp; m ly cu kin g treo hoc sit cht vi b phn
khc. Hai u c th iu chnh tng gim cht. Gia ai v mt g phi c tm lt bng thp bn
hay thp hnh tng din tch p mt.
inh a: lm t thp trn 1018mm, chu ko hoc ging cc cu kin trong cng trnh ph
(dn gio, tr cu g). Khng ng ia a vo g vn v s lm nt vn.
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Ket Cau Go - Tran Tien Dac

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www2.hcmut.edu.vn/~tiendac/WoodStructures.

G dng cho xy dng thuc cc nhm V, VI, VII.

I.1.3. Tnh cht c l ca g

Cc ch tiu cng ch yu ca g c quy nh theo TCVN 1072-1971:

ng sut gii hn (daN/cm2 = 105 N/m2)

I.1.4. Yu cu v x l bo qun g xy dng

I.2. C S TNH TON KT CU G

Cng tnh ton v p mt xin th (lc tc dng to vi th g gc ):

Rem : cng tnh ton p mt dc th ca g.

Cng tnh ton v trt xin th (lc tc dng to vi th g gc ):

Rtr : cng tnh ton trt dc th ca g.

Khi thit k, cn ch trc tin n iu kin s dng ca kt cu g, quan trng nht l cc

Xem v d 2-1, trang 24.

II.2. CU KIN CHU NN NG TM

Tnh theo cng :

Tnh theo n nh:

Tit din khng c gim yu

moment qun tnh v din tch tit din nguyn

mnh gii hn quy nh cho cu kin chu nn:

k l t s gia cnh ln a v cnh nh b ca tit din

Xem v d 2-2, trang 28 v v d 2-3, trang 29.

moment un tnh ton.

lc ct tnh ton ti tit din ang xt.

Tnh theo cng (theo bin dng):

moment un ln nht trong cu kin do ti trng tiu chun gy ra.

Cu kin chu un xin khi ti trng khng nm trong mt mt phng qun

Tnh theo cng :

Mx , My : moment un tnh ton i vi cc trc chnh x v y ca tit din.

vng ca cu kin chu un xin tnh theo cng thc:

fx v fy l vng ca cu kin do cc thnh phn lc tiu chun gy ra un i vi cc trc

c th chn c tit din chu un theo Mx v My , c th bin i cng thc

h/b l t s gia 2 cnh ca tit din.

Xem v d 2-4 trang 33 v v d 2-5 trang 34.

Cu kin chu nn un l cu kin chu nn v un ng thi.

. Xem v d 2.6 trang 37.

III. TNH TON LIN KT TRONG KT CU G

Lin kt l b phn trng yu ca kt cu g, c tc dng:

L cch chnh ghp to cu

kin trong iu kin VN.

Tn thp lm bulng sit.

Cc yu cu c bn nhm m bo kh nng chu lc ca lin kt:

III.2.1. Mng rnh

III.2.1.1 Mng mt rng

ng trc ca thanh nn (lc nn Nn) phi vung gc v i qua im gia ca mt p ab,

1.5h lbd 10hr

Lin kt mng mt rng c tnh ton v:

Tnh theo p mt:

cng tnh ton v p mt cho th gc .

Chiu su cn thit hr ca rnh c tnh ra t hai cng thc trn: hr

Tnh theo trt:

lc gy trt, l thnh phn ngang ca Nn : Ntr = Nn cos = Nk

cng trt dc th trung bnh Rtr =

Rtr cng tnh ton v trt dc th.

Chiu di mt trt ltr c th c tnh ra t hai cng thc trn: ltr

Ngoi ra cn kim tra tit din gim yu ca thanh di chu ko ng tm.

III.2.1.2 Mng hai rng

Khi tnh ton su rnh hr ca

1.5h ltr' ltr'' 10hr

phn lc gy trt do rng th nht chu

din tch mt trt th nht

cng tnh ton trung bnh v trt ca rng th nht, ng vi

H s 0.8 xt n kh nng qu ti ca rng th nht khi hai rng chu lc khng u.

Kim tra trt ca rng th hai, vi ton b lc trt N tr'' = N t

Chiu di hai mt trt c quan h hnh hc gn ng nh sau ltr'' ltr' +