Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON
SAARC
(South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)
Submitted By:
Tanveer Ahmad
MBA (B/F) Final
Exam Roll No. 394
Class Roll No. 22-A
Session.2008-10
Submitted To:
S.No
Title
Page #
Introduction
History
Objectives
Charters of SAARC
Charter of SAARC
2-4
Social Charter
5-6
Secretarial
Political Issues
10
11
Current Members
10
12
Observers
10
13
Future Membership
11
14
Secretaries General
12
15
13
16
14
17
15
18
End Notes
16-17
What is SAARC?
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an organization of South
Asian nations, founded in 1985 and dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural
development emphasizing collective self-reliance. Its seven founding members are Bangladesh,
Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan joined the organization
in 2007. Meetings of heads of state are usually scheduled annually; meetings of foreign
secretaries, twice annually. Headquarters are in Kathmandu, Nepal.
History
The concept of SAARC was first adopted by then Bangladeshi president Ziaur Rahman. In the
late 2000s, Indian President G.N.V Sampath proposed the creation of a trade bloc consisting of
South Asian countries. The idea of regional cooperation in South Asia was again mooted in May
2001. The foreign secretaries of the seven countries met for the first time in Colombo in April
2002. The Committee of the Whole, which met in Colombo in August 2002, identified five broad
areas for regional cooperation. New areas of cooperation were added in the following years. [1]
Objectives
Moreover, the cooperation of the SAARC is also based on broader principles of respect for the
principles of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, political independence, noninterference in
internal affairs of the Member States and on mutual benefit. Decisions are taken on the basis of
unanimity and bilateral and contentious issues are excluded from the deliberations of SAARC.
Charters of SAARC
Charters of SAARC
10
to promote the welfare of the people of South Asia and to improve their quality of life;
to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region
and to provide all individuals the opportunity to live in dignity and to realize their full
potential;
to promote and strengthen collective self-reliance among the countries of South Asia;
to promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural,
technical and scientific fields;
to cooperate with international and regional organizations with similar aims and
purposes.
Afghanistan was added to the regional grouping at the behest of India on 13 November
2005,[3] and became a member on 3 April 2007.[4] With the addition of Afghanistan, the total
number of member states were raised to eight (8). In April 2006, the United States of America
and South Korea made formal requests to be granted observer status. The European Union has
also indicated interest in being given observer status, and made a formal request for the same
to the SAARC Council of Ministers meeting in July 2006.[5][6] On 2 August 2006 the foreign
ministers of the SAARC countries agreed in principle to grant observer status to the US, South
Korea and the European Union.[6] On 4 March 2008, Iran requested observer status.[7]
Followed shortly by the entrance of Mauritius.
11
Secretariat
The SAARC Secretariat was established in Kathmandu on 16 January 1987 and was inaugurated
by Late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal.
It is headed by a Secretary General appointed by the Council of Ministers from Member
Countries in alphabetical order for a three-year term. He is assisted by the Professional and the
General Services Staff, and also an appropriate number of functional units called Divisions
assigned to Directors on deputation from Member States.[8] The Secretariat coordinates and
monitors implementation of activities, prepares for and services meetings, and serves as a
channel of communication between the Association and its Member States as well as other
regional organizations.[8]
The Memorandum of Understanding on the establishment of the Secretariat[8] which was
signed by Foreign Ministers of member countries on 17 November 1986 at Bangalore, India
contains various clauses concerning the role, structure and administration of the SAARC
Secretariat as well as the powers of the Secretary-General.
In several recent meetings the heads of state or government of member states of SAARC have
taken some important decisions and bold initiatives to strengthen the organisation and to
widen and deepen regional co-operation.
Political issues
SAARC has intentionally laid more stress on "core issues" mentioned above rather than more
decisive political issues like the Kashmir dispute and the Sri Lankan civil war. However, political
dialogue is often conducted on the margins of SAARC meetings. SAARC has also refrained itself
from interfering in the internal matters of its member states. During the 12th and 13th SAARC
summits, extreme emphasis was laid upon greater cooperation between the SAARC members
to fight terrorism.
12
13
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Observers
Australia[9]
China
European Union[10]
Iran[11]
Japan[10]
Mauritius [12]
South Korea
14
Future membership
The People's Republic of China has shown its interest in joining SAARC. [13] While
Pakistan and Bangladesh support China's candidature, India is against the prospect of
Chinese membership. China's entry in to SAARC will likely balance India's overbearing
presence there.[14] However, during the 2005 Dhaka summit, India agreed on granting
observer status to the PRC along with Japan. During the 14th summit, Nepal along with
Pakistan and Bangladesh, announced their support for the membership of
China.[15][16][17] China seeks greater involvement in SAARC, however, finds it too early to
apply for full membership.[18]
Iran, a state with borders to two SAARC members, has traditionally enjoyed
strong cultural, economic and political relationships with Afghanistan and Pakistan and
has expressed its desire to become a member of the South Asian organization. On 22
February 2005, the Foreign Minister of Iran, Kamal Kharrazi, indicated Iran's interest in
joining SAARC by saying that his country could provide the region with "East-West
connectivity".[20] On 3 March 2007, Iran asked to join the SAARC as an observer. SAARC
Secretary-General Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji responded by saying that Iran's request for
observer status would be taken up during a meeting of ministers of foreign affairs of
SAARC member countries in the 3 April summit in New Delhi.[17][21]
15
Secretaries General
Abul Ahsan
Naeem U. Hasan
Nihal Rodrigo
Q.A.M.A. Rahim
Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji
Sheel Kant Sharma
16
Dhaka
2nd
Bangalore
3rd
Kathmandu
4th
Islamabad
5th
Mal
6th
Colombo
7th
Dhaka
8th
New Delhi
9th
Mal
10th
Colombo
11th
Kathmandu
12th
Islamabad
13th
Dhaka
14th
New Delhi
15th
Colombo
16th
Thimphu
17
18
19
End Notes
1. ^ "A Brief on SAARC." South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. No date.
2. ^ Charter of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Article 1.
3. ^ "Afghanistan to be new SAARC member." Times of India, 13 November 2005.
4. ^ K.V Ram Harsha. "South Asia: Afghanistan Joins World's Largest Regional Grouping."
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 3 April 2007.
5. ^ Waliur Rahman. "US and S Korea to observe SAARC." BBC News, 11 April 2008.
6. ^ a b "SAARC to grant observer status to US, S Korea, EU." Hindustan Times. 2 August
2006.
7. ^ "Iran requests for observer status in SAARC." People's Daily, 5 March 2009.
8. ^ a b c "Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of the Secretariat." South
Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, 17 November 1986.
9. ^ a b colombopage.com
10. ^ a b thehimalayantimes.com
11. ^ tehrantimes.com
12. ^ island.lk
13. ^ Afghan and further Chinese membership prospects
14. ^ China's membership prospects
15. ^ chennaionline.com
16. ^ telegraphnepal.com
17. ^ a b irna.ir
18. ^ China seeks bigger role in Saarc- Hindustan Times
19. ^ Sri Lanka News
20. ^ Iran's membership prospects
21. ^ upi.com
22. ^ english.people.com.cn
23. ^ monstersandcritics.com
24. ^ Sri Lanka News | Online edition of Daily News - Lakehouse Newspapers
20
21