Thinghiemdungtina 1523

HNG N
TH NGHIM CKT, CS O LNG IN T

DNG PHN MM TINA 8
NGUYEN DUC HIEP
M U
Hin nay cc khoa in t - Vin thng, in - in t ca cc trng

i hc v hc vin trong nc ging dy mn Cu kin in t u c cc bi
th nghim xy dng trn cc kt th nghim c sn. Mt s trng cng ch
trng n vic xy dng cc bi th nghim m phng da trn cc phn mm
thit k in t t ng.
i vi cc trng i hc nc ngoi, vic kt hp cc bi th nghim
da trn cc kt th nghim c sn v cc bi th nghim m phng da trn
cc phn mm thit k in t t ng trong vic ging dy mt mn hc c
thc hin rt tt. Qua cc sinh vin va c th nm vng c cc kin
thc l thuyt c th p dng c vo thc t, va nng cao c kh
nng thit k mch bng phn mm.
Trong 10 nm gn y, trn th trng th gii cng xut hin rt
nhiu phn mm Thit k - M phng mch in t v cc phn mm V
mch in. C th k ra cc phn mm tn tui nh : Circuit Marker 2000,
OrCard, Multisim, Proteus, Tina Cc phn mm ny chnh l cng c
gip cc k s, cc nh sn xut ti u ha cng vic ca mnh, t to ra
nhng sn phm in t chnh xc, ng tin cy v gi thnh thp.
Trong cc phn mm k trn th phn mm TINA 8 do nh sn xut
DesignSoft pht hnh nm 2008 l mt trong s cc phn mm Thit k - M
phng mch in t v V mch in ni ting nht hin nay. TINA 8 l mt
trong nhng gi phn mm mnh nht hin nay dng phn tch, thit k, m
phng tn hiu s, tn hiu tng t, VHDL v kt hp cc mch in t hay
cc mch in ca chng.
Do ti Xy dng b bi th nghim m phng cho mn hc Cu
kin in t da trn cng c m phng l phn mm TINA c a ra
nhm mc ch gii thiu cho cc sinh vin ngnh T-VT v ngnh in
in t mt cng c m phng rt mnh trong mi trng o to. ng thi
ti cng gip cho cc sinh vin bc u lm quen vi vic thit k mch
in, tm hiu hot ng v ng dng ca cc cu kin in t thng qua cc
bi th nghim m phng.
Ti liu gm 4 chng :
Chng 1: Gii thiu phn mm TINA 8.
Chng 2: Hng dn c bn s dng phn mm.
Chng 3: Gii thiu cc my o o.
Chng 4: Cc bi th nghim m phng.
Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n cc ng nghip ng gp cc
kin qu bu; xin chn thnh cm n lnh o Hc vin, lnh o Khoa K
thut in t 1 to iu kin chng ti hon thnh ti ny.
H Ni, ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2010
MC LC
M U...........................................................................................................1
CHNG 1. GII THIU PHN MM TINA 8............................................4
1.1. Gii thiu tng quan phn mm.............................................................4
1.2. Cc i tng ca phn mm.................................................................7
1.3. Cu hnh my tnh yu cu.....................................................................7
CHNG 2. HNG DN C BN S DNG PHN MM..................9
2.1. Giao din chnh ca phn mm..............................................................9
2.2. S dng chut.......................................................................................14
2.2.1. S dng chut phi........................................................................14
2.2.2. S dng chut tri.........................................................................15
2.3. Cc n v o.......................................................................................15
2.4. Cch ni dy t cc linh kin..........................................................16
2.4.1. Cch t cc linh kin vo mch...................................................16
2.4.2. Cch ni dy..................................................................................17
CHNG 3. GII THIU CC MY O O..........................................18
3.1. Gii thiu cc loi my o o...............................................................18
3.1.1 My to sng chc nng (Function Generator):.............................18
3.1.2. My o a nng s (Digital Multimeter - DMM).........................19
3.1.3. My ghi dng sng XY (XY Recorder).........................................20
3.1.4. My hin sng o ( Oscilloscope).................................................22
3.1.5. My phn tch tn hiu (Signal Analyzer).....................................24
3.1.6. My phn tch ph (Spectrum Analyzer)......................................26
3.1.7. My phn tch mng (Network Analyzer).....................................27
3.1.8. My phn tch logic (Logic Analyzer)..........................................28
3.1.9. My to tn hiu s (Digital Signal Generator).............................29
3.2. Ngun tng t v ngun s................................................................31
3.2.1. Ngun tng t.............................................................................31
3.2.2 Ngun s........................................................................................37
CHNG 4. CC BI TH NGHIM M PHNG...................................44
BI S 1: IT.........................................................................................44
BI S 2: IT v BJT.............................................................................49
BI S 3: FET............................................................................................55
KT LUN.....................................................................................................64
CHNG 1. GII THIU PHN MM TINA 8

1.1. Gii thiu tng quan phn mm
B thit k TINA 8 (TINA Design Suite) l mt trong nhng gi phn mm
mnh nht hin nay phn tch, thit k, m phng tn hiu s, tng t, VHDL v
kt hp cc mch in t hay cc mch in ca chng. Phn mm TINA cng cung
cp cc chc nng phn tch RF, cc mch quang in, kim tra v g li cc ng
dng vi iu khin v vi x l. Mt tnh nng c bit ca phn mm l cho php
ngi s dng a mch ra thc t thng qua cng USB c iu khin bi phn
cng TINALab II. TINALab II bin mt my tnh thnh mt thit b o T&M a
nng mnh, c th thay th hon ton mt t hp cc my o nh my hin sng,
my o dng in, o in p, o in tr; my o tn s, my phn tch ph,
(Hnh 1.1). Cc k s in t nhn thy rng phn mm TINA c nhiu u im
nh: d s dng v l mt cng c hiu qu cao, trong khi cc ging vin th ng
gi cao nhng tnh nng ca phn mm trong mi trng o to.
Hnh 1.1 Phn cng TINALab II
TINA c chia thnh hai phin bn chnh l TINA v B thit k TINA

(TINA Design Suite). TINA ch c phn m phng mch trong khi B thit k
TINA cn c thm tnh nng thit k PCB tin tin. Modun thit k mch in tch
hp y ny c tt c cc c im cn thit cho vic thit k PCB tin tin, bao
gm cc PCB linh hot nhiu lp vi cc tm ngun tch ri, t ng t v t
ng i dy mnh, c th tch ht ra v i dy li, i chn (pin) v cng (gate),
Phn mm TINA 8 c xy dng vi nhiu Phn tng tc vi nhau, ngi

thit k c th v mch bng s nguyn l v chuyn sang dng mch in, quan
st mch in di dng 3D v xut ra tp tin hnh nh gi n nh sn xut
Ngoi ra, TINA cn cung cp cc cng c phn tch khc nhau nh:
Phn tch DC: tnh ton im lm vic mt chiu v c tuyn truyn t

ca cc mch tng t. Ngi s dng c th hin th cc in p o c
hoc tnh ton c in p ti bt k nt no bng cch la chn nt bng
con tr. i vi cc mch s, chng trnh s gii phng trnh trng thi
logic v hin th cc kt qu ti mi nt theo tng bc mt.
Phn tch qu (Transient analysis): trong ch transient v ch hn

hp ca TINA, p ng ca mch theo cc dng sng u vo c th tnh ton
c. Cc dng sng u vo c th c la chn t vi ty chn (xung,
bc n v, sng hnh sin, sng tam gic, sng vung, sng hnh thang, v
dng sng kch thch m ngi dng c th t nh ngha) v c tham s
ha theo yu cu. i vi cc mch s, cc xung ng h c lp trnh v
cc my pht tn hiu s u c sn.
Phn tch Fourier: Ngoi vic tnh ton v hin th p ng th cc h s

ca dy Fourier, mo hi i vi cc tn hiu tun hon v ph Fourier ca cc
tn hiu khng tun hon cng c th c tnh ton.
M phng s: TINA cng bao gm m phng rt nhanh v mnh cho cc

mch s. Ta c th theo du hot ng ca mch tng bc mt, tin v pha
trc hoc li li pha sau, hoc xem s thi gian hon chnh trong mt ca
s phn tch logic c bit. Ngoi cc cng logic, th vin linh kin ln ca
TINA cn c cc IC v cc phn t s khc.
M phng VHDL: TINA cng bao gm mt b m phng VHDL kim

tra cc thit k VHDL c trong mi trng s v mi trng tn hiu hn hp
tng t - s. N h tr cc tiu chun ngn ng IEEE 1076-1987 v 10761993 v cc tiu chun IEEE 1164 (tiu chun logic). Cc mch c th cha
cc khi VHDL c th chnh sa c t th vin ca TINA, cc cu kin
FPGAs & CPLDs, hoc VHDL do ngi dng t to ra hoc ti v t Internet.
Ngi dng c th chnh sa cc ngun VHDL ca bt c cu kin VHDL no
v xem kt qu ngay. Vi ty chn b m phng VHDL ty chn, ngi dng
c th pht trin v g li code VHDL c bn trong v bn ngoi TINA. B
m phng VHDL bao gm Hin th dng sng, Qun l d n v Trnh duyt
phn tng.
M phng vi iu khin: TINA bao gm mt phm vi rng cc vi iu

khin (PIC, AVR, 8051) cho php ngi s dng kim tra, g li v chy mt
cch tng tc. Kt hp vi Trnh bin dch hp ng (assembler) cho php
ngi dng sa i code hp ng v xem kt qu ngay lp tc.
Phn tch AC: cho php tnh ton in p, dng in, tr khng, v cng
sut. Thm vo , phn mm cho php v cc th bin , th pha
Nyquist v Bode v cc c tnh tr nhm ca cc mch tng t. i vi cc
mng phi tuyn th vic tuyn tnh im lm vic c thc hin mt cch t
ng.
Ngoi ra TINA cn cung cp cc tnh nng nh Bin tp v g li theo

biu tin trnh (flowchart), Phn tch mng, Phn tch nhiu, Phn tch k
hiu, Phn tch tnh hung xu nht v Monte-Carlo, Ti u ha, Tin x l.
Cc thit b o o: c im ni bt ca TINA m cc phn mm Thit k

- M phng mch in t khc khng c, l n h tr nhiu thit b o o,
bao gm my to sng chc nng, my o a nng s, my ghi dng sng trc
XY, my hin sng, my phn tch tn hiu, my phn tch ph, my phn tch
logic, my phn tch mng,
Cc o lng v kim tra thi gian thc: TINA c th i xa hn vic m

phng khi phn cng ph tr c lp t ti my ch. Vi phn cng ny, cc
cng c mnh ca TINA c th thc hin cc php o thi gian thc ti cc
mch thc v hin th cc kt qu trn cc thit b o o.
Mt c im ni bt khc ca TINA l chc nng bo mch 3D nh tht,

cho php t ng xy dng ging nh mt nh 3D sng ng ca mt bo mch
m khng phi hn. Khi TINA c chy trong ch tng tc, cc linh kin
nh cc chuyn mch, cc LED, cc thit b, tr thnh nh tht v s lm vic
trn bo mch o nh cc linh kin tht mch thc t. Chc nng ny ca TINA
c th c s dng chun b v xy dng cc bi th nghim. Ch , in
dung cao tng i tn ti gia cc hng chn k nhau. i vi cc mch tn s
cao (trn 100kHz), in dung ny c th dn n hot ng khng nh mong
mun. Ta c th lp rp mch tng bc hoc bng cch to ra ton b mch trn
bo mch. Nht v di chuyn cc phn trn bo mch s dng chut v TINA s t
ng sp xp li vic i dy mt cch t ng trong khi vn duy tr kt ni. Cng
c bo mch ny ch yu l dnh cho cc mc ch gio dc chun b cc bi th
nghim trong mt mi trng 3D an ton. Cng c bo mch ny cng c th c
s dng hng dn cch i dy thc t mt bo mch i vi vic kim tra
phng th nghim.
Cch s dng chc nng bo mch 3D: t menu View, chn Live 3D
Breadboard v New. Ca s 3D Viewer s xut hin vi mt bo mch trng (cha
c cc cu kin) trong ca s chnh ca TINA. Ca s ny lun bn trn do
cho php xem c ca s thit k mch nguyn l v ca s bo mch cng mt lc.
Sau ngi s dng c th lp mch theo s nguyn l nh thng thng v
hnh nh ca linh kin cng cc dy ni s c hin th mt cch ng thi trn
bo mch. (hnh 1.2)
Hnh 1.2 - Chc nng bo mch 3D nh tht
Tm li, s tng tc cao, y tnh nng v d s dng lm cho phn

mm TINA 8 chim u th hn cc phn mm Thit k mch khc hin nay
1.2. Cc i tng ca phn mm
Vi nhng u im trn, phn mm TINA 8 l mt cng c v cng c

lc h tr cho cc k s thit k mch in t, v cc nh sn xut mch
in.
Phn mm h tr m phng tng t v m phng s nn c cc ging

vin nh gi cao trong mi trng nghin cu cc trng i hc.
Bn cnh , phn mm cng l cng c gip cho sinh vin, nghin cu

sinh ngnh in t vin thng tip cn vi vic m phng mch in t,
thit k mch in mt cch trc quan v d dng.
Hin nay, nh sn xut DesignSoft cng thng mi ho nhiu phin

bn TINA khc nhau vi gi thnh khc nhau phc v cho cc i
tng khc nhau
1.3. Cu hnh my tnh yu cu

s dng c phn mm TINA, ngi s dng phi c cu hnh my tnh ti
thiu nh sau:
CPU Pentium II hoc cao hn.
64 MB b nh (RAM).
cng cn trng t nht 100 MB.
CD-ROM.
Mn hnh mu SVGA.
H iu hnh: Windows 9x, Windows NT/ME/XP, Windows 2000.
bt u chng trnh TINA, ngi dng c th lm theo cc cch sau:
T thanh Start ln lt chn: Start -> Programs -> Tina -> Tina.exe.
Bm vo Biu tng trn Desktop:
Lu : S dng phm F1 c th xem Hng dn theo cc ch .
CHNG 2. HNG DN C BN S DNG PHN MM

Trong chng ny, chng ta s tm hiu cc Giao din v Cu trc t chc
phn mm. T tng bc lm quen vi vic s dng phn mm.
2.1. Giao din chnh ca phn mm
Sau khi khi ng, giao din chnh ca chng trnh s xut hin:
2
3
Hnh 2.1 Giao din chnh ca chng trnh
11. Menu Bar: Trnh n hin th danh sch cc lnh.

2. The Cursor or Pointer: Con tr - c s dng la chn cc lnh v
2
chnh sa s nguyn l. Ta ch c th di chuyn con tr bng con
chut my tnh. Ph thuc vo mi ch hot ng m con tr c cc
dng sau:
hnh mi tn trong ca s chnh ca chng trnh.
10
hnh cy bt khi ta thc hin ni dy.
hnh bn tay khi ta tr vo linh kin hoc ang a linh kin vo

ca s chnh.
33. The Schematic window: ca s lm vic chnh ca chng trnh, cho

php chnh sa, m phng s nguyn l ca mch trc tip. Ca s
ny thc t l mt bn v ln. Ta c th di chuyn thanh cun nu vng
son tho vt qu mn hnh chnh.
44. The Toolbar: Thanh cng c.
Ngi dng c th chn hu ht cc lnh chnh sa mch trn Thanh

cng c ny. Lu rng cc lnh trn Thanh cng c cng nm trong Trnh
n hoc c th s dng bng cc phm tt. Sau y l chi tit cc lnh trn
Thanh cng c.
M mt tp tin s nguyn l sn c trong my tnh (.TSC
hoc .SCH), m mt Marco (.TSM)
Lu s nguyn l ang s dng. Ngi dng s thun li hn
nu thng xuyn lu tr li mch ang lm nhm trnh tnh trng
mt d liu khi my tnh tt t xut.
ng s nguyn l ang s dng.
Sao chp cc linh kin hoc cc ch c la chn.
Dn cc linh kin hoc ch sao chp vo ni cn dng.
Khi nt ny c nhn vo, ngi dng c th s dng con tr
di chuyn cc linh kin, dy ni hoc cc ch, thun li trong vic
sp xp li s nguyn l theo mun.
Ly thm 1 bn sao ca linh kin trc m bn chn vi cng
cc tham s.
11
S dng nt lnh ny v dy ni cho s nguyn l

Thm cc ch thch vo s nguyn l hay kt qu phn tch.
Cho php ct 2 dy dn cho qua hoc ni vi nhau.
o chiu mt gc 900 cc linh kin c la chn.
Ly i xng cc linh kin c la chn. Phm tt: [CTRL-L]
hoc [*].
Hin th ca s chnh dng li hoc khng.

Phng to s nguyn l c th nhn r cc linh kin.
cho php thay i t l phng to theo mun t 10% n
200%.
La chn danh sch cc Ch M phng:
Ch DC.
Ch AC.
Ch m phng tc thi lp li lin tc.
Ch m phng tc thi khng lp li. Ngi dng c th iu
chnh thi gian m phng trong phn Analysis Transient.
Ch S.
Ch VHDL
12
Nu nt lnh ny c chn, chng trnh s cho php hin th

trnh trng li ca linh kin, ngi dng c th thay i tnh trng
li ca tng linh kin trong bn Thuc tnh (Properties Editor).
Chuyn i s nguyn l sang dng 3 chiu hoc 2 chiu. Phm
nng: [F6]. y l mt c im ni bt phn mm TINA c t
phin bn 7 m cc phin bn c hay cc phn mm khc khng th
thc hin c. ch ny, cc linh kin c hin th mt cch
sng ng, gip ngi s dng quan st mch trc quan hn.
Hnh 2.2 Chuyn i gia dng 2D hoc 3D
Chuyn s nguyn l trc tip sang mch in.

Tm kim cc linh kin. Mt hp thoi Tm kim s hin ln cho
php ngi dng tm cc linh kin theo tn nh mong mun. Tuy
nhin chng trnh c hn ch l khng th hin trc hnh dng
13
linh kin m ta la chn nn gy rt nhiu kh khn cho ngi s

dng.
Hnh 2.3 Ca s tm kim cc linh kin
Ngi dng cng c th la chn cc linh

kin trong danh sch ny. y l danh sch cc linh kin y nht ca
chng trnh.
55. The Component Bar - Thanh Linh kin: Cc linh kin c sp xp thnh
cc nhm. Mi khi 1 nhm c la chn, cc linh kin trong nhm s
xut hin trn thanh cng c. Khi nhn chut tri vo linh kin mong
mun, con tr i sang hnh bn tay v ta c th b linh kin vo
mch. Cc linh kin c th c quay hoc o chiu trc khi a vo
mch bng cch s dng cc phm [+/-] : quay 90 o v phm [*]: ly i
xng. Khi hiu chnh xong v tr cng nh hng ca linh kin, nhn
chut tri 1 ln na t linh kin vo mch.
6. Find component Tool Cng c tm kim linh kin: h tr tm kim
6
nhanh cc linh kin theo tn c trong c s d liu ca phn mm.
14
7. Open files tab - Th m cc tp tin: h tr m nhiu mch hoc nhiu

7
phn ca mt mch in (Macro) cng mt lc, v cng c ny dng
chuyn i gia cc tp tin c m. Ch cn nhn chut vo Th
chuyn n mch ta cn.
8. The TINA Task bar - Thanh tc v: nm pha di ca mn hnh, c

8
chc nng cung cp nt tt cho cc dng c o khc nhau hay cc my o
s dng trong chng trnh. Khi cc my o c kch hot (trong phn
T&M) th s xut hin 1 ca s mi tng ng vi mi loi. Ngi s
dng chn nt LOCK (Kha) t ca s chnh ca chng trnh lun
nm pha di cc ca s ca my o khc. iu ny thun li cho vic
quan st m phng. Tuy nhin ngi s dng cng c th lm ngc li
bng cc chn UNLOCK (Khng kha).
9.
9 The Help line - Dng tr gip: nm pha di cng ca ca s c chc
nng cung cp nhng dng gii thch ngn gn hoc cc phm tt khi
ngi dng di chuyn con tr qua cc nt lnh.
2.2. S dng chut
y l mt s phng php s dng chut c bn chnh sa s .
Hnh 2.4 Cc lnh khi nhn chut phi vo ca s son tho

2.2.1. S dng chut phi
Khi bm chut phi vo chng trnh th s xut hin 1 menu gm cc chc

nng sau:
Cancel Mode: Hy b linh kin (hoc dy ni) ang la chn.
15
Last Component: Ly li linh kin cui cng s dng.

Wire: Chuyn sang ch Ni dy. Trong ch ny, con tr c hnh
dng cy vit v ta c th v dy ni.
Delete: Xa linh kin c la chn.
Rotate Left, Rotate Right, Mirror: Quay hoc o chiu linh kin ang
c la chn. Ta c th s dng t hp phm [CTRL-L] hoc [CTRL-R]
quay cc linh kin.
Properties: S dng lnh ny ta c th hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca linh
kin nh gi tr, nhn v c th thit lp cc tham s cho linh kin. Khi
hp thoi Properties xut hin ta c th dng phm F9 sao chp cc gi
tr t lm Tn ca linh kin.
2.2.2. S dng chut tri
Selection (La chn): khi nhn chut phi vo linh kin, ta s la chn
linh kin mong mun v b la chn cc linh kin khng mong mun.
Multiple selection (La chn nhiu linh kin): la chn 1 lc nhiu
linh kin th gi phm SHIFT trong khi bm chut v cc linh kin mong
mun. Nu linh kin c la chn, khi ta bm chut vo n 1 ln na
th n s khng la chn linh kin na. Vic la chn nhiu linh kin 1
lc s thun li trong vic nhm cc linh kin v di chuyn chng
Selection of all objects: Dng t hp phm CTRL-A la chn tt c
cc linh kin trong mch.
Moving objects: cc linh kin c th c di chuyn bng cch nhn
chut tri vo linh kin v ko th n ni mong mun.
Parameter modification: Khi bm 2 ln vo linh kin hp thoi thay i
thng s ca linh kin s xut hin, cho php thay i cc thng s mong
mun.
Crossing wires: Ni cc dy cho nhau.
Block : t linh kin vo mch.
2.3. Cc n v o
Khi thay i cc tham s hay cc gi tr cho mt linh kin, cc ch vit tt c
nh dng nh sau c th s dng:
16
V d: ngi s dng c th nhp gi tr 1 in tr l: 1M (ohm) thay v phi nhp

1.000.000 (ohm).
Lu : khi nhp gi tr s dng cc ch vit tt cn phi phn bit ch hoa v ch
thng, ng thi khng c khong trng gia ch v s trc .
2.4. Cch ni dy t cc linh kin
2.4.1. Cch t cc linh kin vo mch
Cc linh kin c ly ra t Thanh Linh kin v biu tng ca chng c di

chuyn bi con tr n ni cn t. Khi nhn chut tri, chng trnh s t ng t
linh kin vo bn mch chnh.
Cc linh kin c th c nh v thng ng hoc nm ngang hoc c th
quay mt gc 900 theo chiu kim ng h bng cch bm phm [+] hoc t hp
phm [Ctrl-R], hay quay ngc chiu kim ng h bng cch bm phm [-] hoc t
hp phm [Ctrl-L]. Hn na, mt s linh kin (nh Transitor) c th o chiu bng
cch s dng phm [*]. Mt cch khc l s dng cc nt
phi vo linh kin v chn Rotate Left/Rotate Right/Mirror.
hoc nhn chut
17
Hnh 2.5 Bng thit lp cc thuc tnh cho linh kin

Sau khi cc linh kin c nh v v t vo mch, nu nhp i chut tri
vo linh kin, mt hp thoi s hin ln cho php thay i cc tham s, cc gi tr
ca linh kin. (Hnh 2.5)
2.4.2. Cch ni dy
v mt dy ni, chut c di chuyn vo im cui cng ca linh kin,

ni s bt u 1 dy ni. Khi con tr s bin i thnh hnh cy vit. Ty thuc
vo vic ty chn ca chng trnh m c 2 cch ni dy nh sau:
T im bt u ni dy, ta nhn chut tri, sau di chuyn cy bt v
chng trnh s t ng v dy theo hng i. Trong khi v dy, ta c th
di chuyn bt c hng no v dy ni cng s t ng i theo. kt
thc vic ni dy, ta bm chut tri mt ln na. y l ch ni dy
mc nh trong cc phin bn TINA t trc ti nay v n c u im l
tng i d s dng, to ra ng ni dy p.
Chn ch ni dy:
hoc bm phm tt [SHIFT], sau nhn chut
tri vo im cn ni v di chuyn cy bt. kt thc vic ni dy, ta
bm chut tri mt ln na.
Nu mun hy b dy ni khi ang di chuyn cy bt th ch cn bm nt
[ESC].
Khi ang ni dy, nu ta nhn v gi phm [CTRL] th con tr di chuyn n
u, dy ni s t ng v trc tip vo mch n v tr ca con tr.
on dy ni c to ra lun nm ngang hoc thng ng. Tuy nhin ta cng
c th c c nhng on dy ni nm nghing khi vic s dng cc linh kin to
ra mch cu trong Thanh linh kin c bit.
18
CHNG 3. GII THIU CC MY O O

V CC LOI NGUN M PHNG
3.1. Gii thiu cc loi my o o

3.1.1 My to sng chc nng (Function Generator):
Hnh 3.1 My to sng chc nng

My to sng chc nng (function generator): l mt my a nng v c th
c s dng lm:
Mt ngun tham chiu: to ra mt sng hnh sin c bin , tn s, pha
v in p mt chiu (DC offset ) c th.
Mt my to sng chc nng: to ra nhiu dng sng vi bin , tn
s, pha, v in p mt chiu (DC offset ) no .
Mt my qut (sweep generator): to ra s qut tn s lga v tuyn
tnh.
: Nt tng, gim
:Nt chn la hng gi tr
19
: Nt ny cho php xc lp nhng gi tr, dng sng chn la cho

ngun (source).
: Chn dng sng (since ,cosine, xung)

: Bt hoc tt ch sweep.
: Nhng phm ny cho php xem, hay thay i tn s
bt u, tn s kt thc, thi gian qut
: Thit lp mode qut l n hay lin tc.
: Chn la mode qut l tuyn tnh hay logarithmic.
Parameters: Cc phm ny cho php xem, thay i cc thng s ca ngun.
: Tn s, bin , DC, pha ca ngun.
: Nt start v stop.
: Nt chn la knh ra (output channel).

3.1.2. My o a nng s (Digital Multimeter - DMM)
Chc nng: cho php o in p v dng in DC, AC, in tr, hoc tn s

trn mch in gia u vo v ra (input v output).
20
Hnh 3.2 My o a nng s

Chc nng:
: o in p mt chiu DC
: o in p xoay chiu AC
: o dng in mt chiu DC
: o dng in xoay chiu AC
: o in tr
: o tn s
Input: c s dng kt ni vi DMM o dng, p, in tr, tn s.
u vo HI th dng hn u cuI LO, v LO th cch ly so vi t.
3.1.3. My ghi dng sng XY (XY Recorder)
Chc nng: dng hin th dng ca mt hay nhiu dng sng.
21
Hnh 3.3 My XY Recorder
Cc thit lp cho trc honh (X):
: chn knh ngun cho trc X l input. Nu t mt Vn mt

trong mch th ta c th o c in p nhnh ca n.
: thay i t l trc X theo th t 1-2-5.
: dch chuyn tn hiu theo trc X .

Cc thit lp cho trc tung (Y):
22
: chn knh ngun cho trc Y l output. Nu t mt Vn mt

trong mch th ta c th o c in p nhnh ca n.
: tt hoc m knh.
: thay i t l trc Y theo th t 1-2-5.
: dch chuyn tn hiu theo trc Y.

Cc phm iu khin:
: bt u hin th
: ngng hin th
: xa mng hnh hin th
: t ng thit lp t l trc XY hin th tt nht tn hiu vo
3.1.4. My hin sng o ( Oscilloscope)
Chc nng: dng hin th dng sng trn mn hnh.
23
Hnh 3.4 My hin sng Oscilloscope

Cc thit lp cho trc X:
HORIZONTAL: tng, gim thi gian

theo cc h s 1-2-5.
POSITION: dch tri, phi tn hiu theo
trc X.
Mode: chn la mode hin th cho tn
hiu ra.
X source: chn la knh ngun X theo
mode X-Y.
Cc thit lp cho trc Y:

: chn la knh u vo (input channel), bt hoc tt.
24
: thay i t l chiu dc theo h s 1-2-5, di chuyn tn

hiu theo chiu dc
Trigger : cho php chn la ch kch khi hoc ngun,

thay i mc kch khi, v chn la sn ln, xung ca tn
hiu i vi kch khi.
Cc phm chc nng:

: bt u hin th dng tn hiu.
: ngng hin th.
: thu thp d liu v dng sng thi im gn nht.
: xo mng hnh hin th.
: chc nng t ng chn t l hin th, gip
cho tn hiu u vo my hin sng (oscilloscope) c tt nht.
: cc con tr o gi tr ca sng ra.
: chuyn dng sng sang ch th.

3.1.5. My phn tch tn hiu (Signal Analyzer)
Chc nng: phn tch tn hiu min tn s
25
Hnh 3.5 My phn tch tn hiu

Thit lp knh u vo (input channel):
: cc nt ny cho php chn la knh u vo, kt

hp cc tn hiu khc vi dng sng ra, v bt, tt knh.
hin th dng sng u ra (output) th ta t mt im kim tra (Test point)
ti mt im tng ng trn mch.
: tng, gim bin u vo (input amplitude) theo h s 1-2-5.

n v bin c th chuyn i qua li gia dB v Volts bng nt
: dng c o t ng chn la dy gi tr hp l nht o tn hiu u
vo.
: dng c o s lm vic dy gi tr o thng thng.
26
: cc nt ny dng thit lp tn s bt u, tn s kt thc.
: phn gii (X/log -nu nt

X/linear -nu nt
c chn
c chn).
: chn la kiu phn tch (Lin magnitude,Log magnitude, dB

magnitude, phase, Bode< li v phase>, biu Nyquist v Group Delay).
: cho php xc nh t l chiu dc theo dB.
: cho php chn la cc mode o nh: qut sin (Swept-sine), ph

bin (Amplitude spectrum), mt ph bin (Amplitude spectral density),
ph cng sut (Power spectrum) v mt ph cng sut (Power spectral density).
Trong ch qut sin (Swept-sine), my to sng chc nng (function generator) c
th to ra cc dng qut loga hoc tuyn tnh vi vic chn la tn s bt u, tn s
kt thc v phn gii (resolution).
27
: cho php chn mode kch khi hoc ngun, thay i mc kch
khi v chn sn ln hoc xung bt u cho my phn tch tn
hiu.
: cho php thay i mc tham chiu, mc tham chiu l bin

cng sut hoc bin in p bi ng thng 0 dB.
: chn la hm cho window nh: uniform, Flat top
3.1.6. My phn tch ph (Spectrum Analyzer)
Chc nng: phn tch ph ca tn hiu
28
Hnh 3.6 My phn tch ph

Cc nt chc nng ging nh my phn tch tn hiu (signal analyzer) ngoi tr cc
nt.
: c n v o l vn (cn my phn tch tn hiu l dB).

3.1.7. My phn tch mng (Network Analyzer)
Chc nng: dng o hiu sut in ca cc thit b, cc mch c s

dng trong cc h thng phc tp. Da trn s phn x sng tr v ca cc cc
thit b o t trong my phn tch khi c mt tn hiu chun gi n chng
m ta c th bit c chng l cc phn t th ng hay tch cc, v c cc
thng s S (S-parameter).
Hnh 3.7 My phn tch mng
29
: hin th u ra ca mt mch, ta cn phi

cc port 1,2 n cc im tng ng.
: dng khi to tn s bt u, tn s kt thc v phn gii.
: dng tng hoc gim bin theo Vn hoc dB.
: cho php chn la kiu phn tch hin th nh: Lin

magnitude, log magnitude, dB magnitude, phase, Bode, polar, smith and group
delay.
: cho php chn ch o nh: h s truyn t, h s phn x,

tr khng, cc thng s S, Z,Y,H.
3.1.8. My phn tch logic (Logic Analyzer)
Chc nng: dng cho cc mch tn hiu s .
30
Hnh 3.8 My Phn Tch Logic

Cc thng s o:
: cho php chn la mode gii hn (threshold) thch hp vi

cc h Logic khc nhau bao gm TTL v CMOS.
: cho php chn ngun xung clock trong hoc bn ngoi.
: cho php xc nh chu k clock.
: cho php xc nh nhanh chng v tr bt u trong b nh.
: cho php chon la mode kch khi hoc ngun.
: la chn nhm knh c bin tp.
31
: cho php chn la ch hin th, cho php iu chnh t l

trc tung v dch chuyn h trc to thng qua cc nt
: cho php kt hp cc knh thnh mt nhm v c phn bit

vi nhau bi cc nhn.
3.1.9. My to tn hiu s (Digital Signal Generator)
Chc nng: to ra cc mu kim tra s cho vic m phng cc mch s.
Hnh 3.9 My to tn hiu s
32
: cho php chn, lp li, v xo mt mu cc bt

gia v tr ca con tr A v B.
: chn la nhm knh son tho.
: cho php thit lp chu k ng h (clock) v chiu di ca n.

: cho php chuyn i gia thi gian tuyt i v t l chu k
ng h.
: cho php chn la ch u ra ca d liu (data output mode)

theo cc bc ring r, ng lot, hay lin tc.
: ngun clock, trigger c th l my phn tch Logic bn trong
hoc bn ngoi.
3.2. Ngun tng t v ngun s
Trn thanh linh kin s hin th ra cc loi ngun khi ta nhn chut trc tip ln th
Sources:
Hnh 3.10 Thanh linh kin gm cc ngun m phng

3.2.1. Ngun tng t
c s dng m phng trong cc mch tng t.

voltage source : l ngun in p mt chiu.
Sau khi ly linh kin ra ta nhp p vo linh kin, bng sau s hin ra:
33
Hnh 3.11 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun in p 1 chiu

Label: l tn k hiu ca linh kin s hin ra trn giao din
Footprint name: l tn ca linh kin khi ta v mch in
Voltage[V] ta chnh mc in p mt chiu nu khng ghi n v th
n v mc nh l vn. Ngoi ra cn c cc bi s khc: m (mili
vn), k(kilo vn) Nu mun cho hin th ra ngoi th ta dnh du
vo vung bn cnh.
Internal resistance: l in tr trong ca ngun
IO state : cho php xc nh ngun hoc b to sng mt cch trc
tip nh u vo.
Sau khi chn xong nhn OK
current source: l ngun dng mt chiu.
Sau khi ly linh kin ra ta nhp i vo linh kin bng sau s hin ra:
34
Hnh 3.12 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun dng 1 chiu
Cc thng s cng tng t nh ngun p trn. Ch khc ch thng s Current
l ta phi ghi gi tr cho dng in.
battery: y l ngun pin mt chiu.
Hnh 3.13 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun pin 1 chiu
Ta phi chnh cc thng s tng t nh trn ngun p.
voltage generator: l mt ngun p.
Vi linh kin ny ta c th to c mt ngun tn hiu bt k nh mong
mun.
35
Hnh 3.14 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun p

Dc level [v] :l mc in p mt chiu
Signal : cho php xc nh c dng ca tn hiu. Nhn chut tri
vo phn ch mu xanh ca ny th s xut hin
ny s hin ra bng sau:
,ta nhn vo nt
Hnh 3.15 Bng thit lp dng tn hiu

Da vo bng ny ta xc nh c dng ca tn hiu .
pulse: tn hiu dng xung
unit step: tn hiu dng bc nhy
sinusodial: tn hiu dng hnh sin
cosinusodial: tn hiu dang cosin
square: tn hiu dng xung vung
36
triangle: tn hiu dng xung tam gic
general: tn hiu dng hnh thang
User defined: tn hiu theo mt hm no do ngi dng to ra.

Khi nhn vo th ny s xut hin ca s sau:
Hnh 3.16 Bng thit lp dng tn hiu ngi dng t nh ngha

Ta c th ghi tn hiu di dng mt hm s vi bin t. Sau nhn Test
kim tra hnh dng ca tn hiu. Sau nhn OK.
Ch : khi ghi tn hiu dng hm bc 2 tr ln ta phi ghi dng hm m.
V d: vi hm bc 2 : t^2 ch ta khng c ghi l t*t
current generator : l mt ngun to tn hiu dng dng in.

Sau khi ly linh kin ra ta nhp i vo linh kin s hin ra bng nh sau:
37
Hnh 3.17 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun to

tn hiu dng dng in
Cch thit lp cc thng s ging nh trn ngun p.
I(U): l ngun dng c iu khin bng in p.
Hnh 3.18 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun dng c

iu khin bng in p
Gi tr ngun dng to ra c tnh bng gi tr ngun p iu khin a vo
nhn vi h s trong mc transconductance [S].
U(U): ngun p c iu khin bng in p.
38

iu khin bng p
Gi tr ngun p to ra c tnh bng gi tr ngun p iu khin a vo
nhn vi h s trong voltage amplication.
U(I): ngun p c iu khin bng dng in.

iu khin bng dng in
Gi tr ngun p to ra c tnh bng gi tr dng in iu khin a vo
nhn vi h s trong transresistance [ohm]
I(I): l ngun dng c iu khin bng dng in.
39
Hnh 3.21 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun dng

c iu khin bng dng in
Gi tr ngun dng to ra c tnh bng gi tr dng in iu khin a vo
nhn vi h s trong current amplication.
3.2.2 Ngun s
pulse source: l ngun xung trong cc m phng s. im c bit ca

loi ngun ny l ta c th chn c kiu xung nh mong mun dng tun hon
hay khng tun hon. Ta c th thay i chiu rng ca xung nh mong mun. Sau
khi ly linh kin ra ta nhp i vo linh kin s hin ra bng nh sau :
Hnh 3.22 Bng thit lp thuc tnh cho ngun xung

Cc thng s tng t nh phn trn. Ngoi ra c c cc thng s khc nh :
40
Pattern : khi ta nhn vo ny s hin ra u

hin ra bng sau :
ta nhn vo y s
Hnh 3.23 Bng thit lp Moments&Level

Add new : thm vo dng xung. Khi n vo y pha bn phi ca s
s xut hin nh sau :
Default: l dng mc nh mc thp. Nhng ta c th thay i c.

Moment #1: l khong thi gian bt u xy ra s kin 1.
Level #1 : cho php ta hiu chnh mc in p cao hay thp ti thi
im ta ch ra trn moment #1. C bn mc tu chn nh hnh v.
41
Ch : ta c th to ra nhiu s kin nh vy bng cch Add new nhiu

ln. Chng ta c th to ra xung tun hon hay khng tun hon bng
cch nh u hoc khng nh u vo repeat.
Remove last: loi b i s kin c chn Add new.
Clear: xo ht v dng lc u khi cha thit lp thng s.
Load: cho php ta c th to c ngun xung m c to sn
trc y v c lu vo u . Lc ny ta ch cn ch n
ng dn thit lp ngun xung.
Save as: lu dng ca ngun xung sau ny c th ly ra s dng li
khi cn thit. Sau khi thit lp cc thng s xong ta nhn OK.
clock : cho php chng ta to ra tn hiu xung tun hon. Khi ly c
linh kin ra ta nhp i vo n s hin ra bng thng s sau :
Hnh 3.24 Bng thit lp tn hiu xung tun hon

Cc thng s Label, Pootprint name, Parameter thit lp nh trn.
Frequency: l tn s ca xung.
Duty cycle: l t s gia thi gian lc u(T1) vi chu k ca xung.
Odd state [T1]: xc nh mc in p trong khong thi gian T1.
Even state [T2]: xc nh mc in p trong khong thi gian T2.
Start time, Stop time: l gii hn thi gian bt u v thi gian kt
thc.
Start state, Stop state: l trng thi bt u v kt thc ca xung.
42
rise time: thi gian cn thit thay i mc trng thi. Thi gian ny
cng nh cng tt. Thng ta dng mc nh ch khng nn thay
i. Sau khi thit lp cc thng s xong ta nhn OK.
Pulse 2 : tng t nh cng c pulse.
Clock 2 : tng t nh clock.
Digital voltage source : ngun mt chiu cho m phng s.
Hnh 3.25 Bng thit lp thuc tnh ngun 1 chiu m phng s

Output voltage : thit lp gi tr in p cho ngun. hin th gi tr ny trn
giao din ta nh du vo vung bn cnh.
Digital high source : ngun s mc cao. To mc in p chun
quy nh mc cao.
Hnh 3.26 Bng thit lp thuc tnh ngun s mc cao
43
Digital low source : ngun s mc thp, to mc in p chun quy

nh mc thp.
Hnh 3.27 Bng thit lp thuc tnh ngun s mc thp
data generator 4-bit : l ngun pht 4 bit cho ch m phng s m

u ra c th thay i l mc cao hay mc thp.
Hnh 3.28 Bng thit lp thuc tnh ngun pht 4 bit

Cc thng s label, footprint name, parameter thit lp nh trn.
44
Pattern : cho php hiu chnh dng tn hiu pht ra ngoi. Khi nhn vo
hin ra ca s sau :
Hnh 3.29 Bng thit lp dng tn hiu

Tng cng c 256 a ch c ngha l c th to ra c 256 dng cc tn hiu
pht ra trn 4 u ra ca thit b.
Affected address (low) : xc nh s th t ca xung pht bt u
fill
Affected address (high) : xc nh s th t ca xung pht kt thc
fill. khi nhn Fill s hin ra bng sau :
45
Hnh 3.30 Bng in nhanh s 0 hoc 1

o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Fill with 0 : in y s 0.
Fill with 1 : in y s 1.
Shift 1 left : dch s 1 sang tri.
Shift 1 right : dch s 1 sang phi.
Shift 0 left : dch s 0 sang tri.
Shift 0 right : dch s 0 sang phi.
Count up : m ln.
Count down : m xung.
Intial value : gi tr ban u.
Ngoi ra ta c th thay i gi tr trc tip trn phn bn tri ca s
ny trong phn Value.
Step time : thi gian cho mi bc nhy.

Start address : a ch bt u cho pht tn hiu.
Stop address : a ch kt thc cho pht tn hiu.
Repeat pattern : lp li chu k khi pht.
Bin : cho php ta vit ct value l s dng nh phn.
Hex : cho php ta vit ct value l s dng thp lc phn.
Sau khi thit lp xong cc thng s ta nhn OK.
Data generator 8-bit : l ngun pht cho ch m phng s m u ra
c th thay i l mc cao hay mc thp cho 8 ng ra ca thit b. Cc thng s
c hiu chnh tng t Data generator 4-bit.
46
CHNG 4. CC BI TH NGHIM M PHNG

CHO MN HC CU KIN IN T
BI S 1: IT
I. Chun b th nghim
a. Ni dung kin thc l thuyt cn n tp.
- nh ngha, cu to v k hiu ca it trong s mch.
- Nguyn l hot ng ca it bn dn.
- c tuyn Vn-Ampe ca it bn dn.
- Cc tham s tnh ca it.
- Phn loi it v ng dng.
b. Cc cu hi chun b:
- Nguyn hot ng ca it bn dn
- c tuyn Vn-Ampe ca it chnh lu?
- c tuyn Vn-Ampe ca it Zener?
- Cc s tng ng ca it bn dn?c. Cc thit b, linh kin dng trong th nghim:
s dng c phn mm TINA, bn phi c cu hnh my tnh ti thiu nh
sau:
64 MB b nh (RAM).
CD-ROM.
Mn hnh mu SVGA.
H iu hnh: Windows 9x, Windows NT/ME/XP, Windows 2000 hoc
Win7.
Phn mm TINA 7 hoc TINA 8.
II. Qui trnh cc bc th nghim
a. Trnh t cc bc:
Thit k mch dng phn mm TINA
Phn tch hot ng ca mch (l thuyt).
Chy m phng mch.
So snh kt qu chy m phng v phn tch l thuyt.
47
b. Cc mch in:
1. Mch chnh lu na chu k
Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch chnh lu na chu k dng
1 it nh sau:
D
+
+
Bo tao dien ap
VG1
VM1
B to in p u vo to in p hnh sin c bin cc i U m = 5V; tn s =

50Hz; pha ban u = 0. in tr ti R = 1k.
Bc 2: Phn tch hot ng ca mch (l thuyt).
Bc 3: xem dng sng u ra, chy Transient t menu Analysis trn
thanh cng c. (Ch : ch DC hoc AC u khng thch hp cho vic phn
tch mch ny nn SV nn s dng ch Transient hoc s dng xil). Kt
qu chy m phng nh hnh v di y.
Bc 4: So snh kt qu chy m phng vi phn tch l thuyt bc 2 xem
c ph hp khng?
T 5.00
Voltage (V)
2.50
0.00
-2.50
-5.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
2. Mch chnh lu 2 na chu k (dng 2 it):

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch chnh lu 2 na chu k
dng 2 it nh sau:
48
D1
N2
N1
Bo tao dien ap
+
R
Out
N3
D2
B to in p u vo to in p hnh sin c bin cc i U m = 10V; tn s

= 50Hz; pha ban u = 0. T in c C = 47uF (47 F); in tr ti R = 1k.
c ph hp khng?
T 10.00
Voltage (V)
5.00
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
3. Mch chnh lu 2 na chu k (dng 4 it mc theo kiu cu):

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch chnh lu 2 na chu k
dng 4 it mc theo kiu cu nh sau:
49
BAS16
D1
Vin
BAS16
D4
BAS16
D2
C 10u
+
BAS16
D3
Out
R 10k

= 50Hz; pha ban u = 0. T in c C = 10 uF (10 F); in tr ti R = 10k.
c ph hp khng?
T
10.00
Voltage (V)
5.00
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
0.00
20.00m
40.00m
60.00m
Time (s)
4. Mch hn ch bin mt pha

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch hn ch bin mt pha
nh sau:
50
R1
D1
Bo tao dien ap
VG1
V1
+
-
VM1

= 50Hz; pha ban u = 0. V1 = 6V.
c ph hp khng?
T 10.00
VG1
Voltage (V)
5.00
VM1
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
Bc 5: C th thay dng in p u vo l xung tam gic, xung vung vi

bin , tn s, pha ban u khc nhau; thay V1 bng cc gi tr khc nhau (ch
: V1< Um ) v chy m phng xem kt qu.
Bi tp v nh: SV t v mch v chy m phng cho mch dch mc (dch ln,

dch xung). Gi : SV c th tham kho s mch trong Bi ging Cu kin in
t.
51
BI S 2: IT v BJT
I. Chun b th nghim
- c tuyn Vn-Ampe ca it bn dn.
- ng dng ca it trong mch hn ch bin hai pha v mch n p.
- Cu to v k hiu ca Transistor lng cc trong cc s mch.
- Cc cch mc BJT v h c tuyn tng ng.
- nh thin cho BJT.
- ng dng ca BJT.
b. Cc cu hi chun b:
- c tuyn Vn-Ampe ca it Zener?
- Phn bit s khc nhau gia BJT NPN v PNP?
- Cc cch mc BJT?
- Cc h c tuyn ca BJT?
- Cc kiu nh thin ca BJT?
c. Cc thit b, linh kin dng trong th nghim:
sau:
64 MB b nh (RAM).
CD-ROM.
Mn hnh mu SVGA.
Win7.
a. Trnh t cc bc:
Chy m phng mch.
b. Cc mch in:
52
1. Mch hn ch bin 2 pha

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch hn ch bin hai pha
nh sau:
R1
D1
Bo tao dien ap
D2
VG1
V1
+
-
VM1
V2

= 50Hz; pha ban u = 0. V1 = 7 V; V2 = 5V.
c ph hp khng?
bin , tn s, pha ban u khc nhau; thay V1, V2 bng cc gi tr khc nhau
(ch : V1< Um ; V2< Um ) v chy m phng xem kt qu.
T 10.00
Voltage (V)
5.00
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
2. Mch n p dng it Zener
53
Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch n p n gin dng it

Zener
nh sau:
R1
Bo tao dien ap
Z1
VG1
+
-
VM1

= 50Hz; pha ban u = 0. Chn it Zener loi 1N2805 (Type: 1N2805).
c ph hp khng?
bin , tn s, pha ban u khc nhau v chy m phng xem kt qu.
T 10.00
VG1
Voltage (V)
5.00
VM1
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
3. V c tuyn ra ca BJT
54
Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch in nh sau:
IC
VC
IB
Ch : ngun dng IB ly cc gi tr thay i theo bc. Thc hin vic ny

bng cch: t menu Analysis chn Select Control Object (hoc chn nhanh bng
cch nhp chut vo nt
trn thanh cng c), sau kch chut vo cu
kin cn thay i gi tr (trong trng hp ny l ngun dng IB). Ca s IBCurrent Generator xut hin. G 100u vo phn trng bn cnh dng *DC
Level [A] trong ca s .
Nhp chut vo du ... bn cnh dng *DC Level [A] trong ca s IB-Current
Generator, thy xut hin ca s (hnh bn phi), chn Start value: 0; End
value: 120u; Number of cases: 13; sweep type: Linear; ri chn OK.

Bc 3: xem c tuyn ra ca BJT, t menu Analysis, chn DC Analysis ->
DC Transfer Characteristic. Kt qu chy m phng nh hnh v di y.
c ph hp khng?
55
T 30.00m
Current (A)
20.00m
10.00m
0.00
-10.00m
0.00
5.00
10.00
Input voltage (V)
15.00
20.00
4. Mch khuch i dng BJT

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch khuch i dng BJT mc
E chung nh hnh v sau. t cc thng s cho mch in: Uin l in p xoay
chiu c gi tr cc i =1mV & thnh phn mt chiu bng 0V; R1 = 62k;
RC 3.9k
C2 1u
VF1
C1 1u
VM1
C3 1u
RE 680
VG1
R2 9.1k
T1 !NPN
VS1 16
R4 10k
R1 62k
R2= 9.1k; RC = 3.9k; RE = 680; R4 = 10k; C1=C2=C3=1F; in p

Vcc = 16V.
56
Bc 3: Dng cc thit b o o (Multimeter-My o a nng s;

Oscilloscope- my hin sng; Function Generator-My to sng chc nng)
quan st tn hiu vo/ra ca mch in.
- Chn Multimeter t menu T&M trn thanh cng c v n nt ~V o
in p ra.
- Chn Oscilloscope t menu T&M trn thanh cng c v n nt Run xem
dng sng u ra. (ch : t Time/Div = 500s hoc 1ms; sau chnh
Volts/Div = 100mV hoc 200mV, sao cho dng sng hin trn mn ca xil
ln quan st). Kt qu chy m phng nh hnh v di y.

c ph hp khng?
Bc 5: BJT trong ch chuyn mch
Thay i gi tr ca RC v quan st s thay i ca dng sng u ra. Gii thch
kt qu quan st. Xc nh gi tr RC BJT hot ng ch bo ha.
Thay dng in p u vo l xung vung v chy m phng xem hot ng
ca mch ng vi RC va tm c.
57
Bi tp v nh: SV t v mch v chy m phng cho mch ng dng khc ca

it v BJT. Gi : SV c th tham kho s mch trong Bi ging Cu kin in
t.
BI S 3: FET
I. Chun b th nghim
- Cu to v k hiu ca cc loi FET trong cc s mch.
- Nguyn l hot ng ca JFET v MOSFET.
- nh thin cho FET.
- ng dng ca FET.
b. Cc cu hi chun b:
- C my loi nh thin cho BJT?
- Nu mt s ng dng ca BJT?
- Cc h c tuyn ca FET?
- Cc kiu nh thin cho JFET, EMOSFET v DMOSFET?
c. Cc thit b, linh kin dng trong th nghim:
sau:
64 MB b nh (RAM).
CD-ROM.
Mn hnh mu SVGA.
Win7.
a. Trnh t cc bc:
58
Chy m phng mch.

b. Cc mch in:
Id
1. V c tuyn ra ca NMOSFET
EMOSFET-N
Vgs
W=10um
L=0.35um
Vds
Ch : ngun p Vgs ly cc gi tr thay i theo bc. Thc hin vic ny bng

cch: t menu Analysis chn Select Control Object (hoc chn nhanh bng cch
nhp chut vo nt
trn thanh cng c), sau kch chut vo cu kin cn
thay i gi tr (trong trng hp ny l ngun p Vgs). Ca s Vgs-Battery
xut hin. G 3.5 vo phn trng bn cnh dng Voltage [V] trong ca s .
Nhp chut vo du ... bn cnh dng Voltage [V] trong ca s Vgs-Battery,
thy xut hin ca s (hnh bn phi), chn Start value: 0; End value: 3.5;
Number of cases: 8; sweep type: Linear; ri chn OK.

Bc 3: xem c tuyn ra ca BJT, t menu Analysis, chn DC Analysis ->
DC Transfer Characteristic. Kt qu chy m phng nh hnh v di y.
59

c ph hp khng?
T 7.00m
Output Current (A)
6.00m
5.00m
4.00m
3.00m
2.00m
1.00m
0.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
Output voltage (V)
3.00
4.00
2. S khuch i dng JFET kiu source chung.

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch khuch i dng JFET mc S
chung nh hnh v sau. t cc thng s cho mch in: Uin l in p xoay chiu
c gi tr cc i =100mV & thnh phn mt chiu bng 0V; R1= 110M; R2 =
RD 1.8k
R1 110M
5M; RD = 30k; RS = 150; RL= 100M; C1=C2=1F; in p VDD = 18V.
C5 1u
VF5
C4 1u
RS 150
R2 10M
+
Vin
RL 100M
T1 2N3369
VF1
VDD 18
60
Bc 3: Dng cc thit b o o (Multimeter-My o a nng s; Oscilloscopemy hin sng; Function Generator-My to sng chc nng) quan st tn hiu
vo/ra ca mch in.
- Chn Multimeter t menu T&M trn thanh cng c v n nt ~V o in p
ra.
- Chn Oscilloscope t menu T&M trn thanh cng c v n nt Run xem dng
sng u ra. (ch : t Time/Div = 5s ; sau chnh Volts/Div = 100mV hoc
200mV, sao cho dng sng hin trn mn ca xil ln quan st). Kt qu
chy m phng nh hnh v di y.
Bc 4: So snh kt qu chy m phng vi phn tch l thuyt bc 2 xem c

ph hp khng?
61
CC BI TH NGHIM 3+4
Mn: Cu kin in t
(dng phn mm TINA)
PHN 1: IT
5. Mch chnh lu na chu k
Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch chnh lu na chu k dng 1 it
nh sau:
D
VG1
Bo tao dien ap
VM1
Nhy kp vo VG1, (Chn trong mc Signal n bng thay i tham s B to

in p u vo to in p hnh sin c bin cc i U m = 5V; tn s = 50Hz; pha
ban u = 0). in tr ti R = 1k.
Bc 3: xem dng sng u ra, chy Transient t menu Analysis trn thanh
cng c. (Ch : ch DC hoc AC u khng thch hp cho vic phn tch mch ny
nn SV nn s dng ch Transient hoc s dng xil). Kt qu chy m phng nh
hnh v di y.
Bc 4: So snh kt qu chy m phng vi phn tch l thuyt bc 2 xem c ph
hp khng? gii thch?
T 5.00
Voltage (V)
2.50
0.00
-2.50
-5.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
6. Mch chnh lu 2 na chu k (dng 2 it):

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch chnh lu 2 na chu k dng 2
it nh sau:
62
D1
N2
N1
Bo tao dien ap
+
R
Out
N3
D2

50Hz; pha ban u = 0. T in c C = 47uF (47 F); in tr ti R = 1k.
hnh v di y.
hp khng?
T 10.00
Voltage (V)
5.00
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
7. Mch chnh lu 2 na chu k (dng 4 it mc theo kiu cu):

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch chnh lu 2 na chu k dng 4
it mc theo kiu cu nh sau:
63
BAS16
D1
Vin
BAS16
D4
BAS16
D2
C 10u
+
BAS16
D3
Out
R 10k

50Hz; pha ban u = 0. T in c C = 10 uF (10 F); in tr ti R = 10k.
hnh v di y.
hp khng? gii thch?
T
10.00
Voltage (V)
5.00
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
0.00
20.00m
40.00m
60.00m
Time (s)
8. Mch hn ch bin mt pha

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch hn ch bin mt pha
nh sau:
64
R1
D1
Bo tao dien ap
VG1
V1
+
-
VM1

50Hz; pha ban u = 0. V1 = 6V.
hnh v di y.
hp khng? gii thch?
T 10.00
VG1
Voltage (V)
5.00
VM1
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
Bc 5: C th thay dng in p u vo l xung tam gic, xung vung vi bin ,

tn s, pha ban u khc nhau; thay V1 bng cc gi tr khc nhau (ch : V1< Um ) v
chy m phng xem kt qu.
9. Mch hn ch bin 2 pha
Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch hn ch bin hai pha
nh sau:
65
R1
D1
Bo tao dien ap
D2
VG1
V1
+
-
VM1
V2

50Hz; pha ban u = 0. V1 = 7 V; V2 = 5V.
hnh v di y.
hp khng?
tn s, pha ban u khc nhau; thay V1, V2 bng cc gi tr khc nhau (ch : V1<
Um ; V2< Um ) v chy m phng xem kt qu.
T 10.00
Voltage (V)
5.00
0.00
-5.00
-10.00
0.00
10.00m
20.00m
Time (s)
30.00m
40.00m
10. Mch n p dng it Zener

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch n p n gin dng it Zener
nh sau:
66
R1
Bo tao dien ap
VG1
Z1
+
-
VM1
Ln 1: B to in p u vo to in p hnh sin c bin cc i U m = 2 V; tn s

= 50Hz; pha ban u = 0, thnh phn 1 chiu DC: 10V Chn it Zener loi 1N2805
(Type: 1N2805).
Ln 1: B to in p u vo to in p hnh sin c bin cc i U m = 2V; tn s
= 50Hz; pha ban u = 0, thnh phn 1 chiu DC: 2V
hnh v di y.
hp khng?
tn s, pha ban u khc nhau v chy m phng xem kt qu.
67
PHN 2 - BJT
1. V c tuyn ra ca BJT
IC
VC
IB
Ch : ngun dng IB ly cc gi tr thay i theo bc. Thc hin vic ny bng cch:
t menu Analysis chn Select Control Object (hoc chn nhanh bng cch nhp chut
vo nt
trn thanh cng c), sau kch chut vo cu kin cn thay i gi tr
(trong trng hp ny l ngun dng IB). Ca s IB-Current Generator xut hin.
G 100u vo phn trng bn cnh dng *DC Level [A] trong ca s .
Nhp chut vo du ... bn cnh dng *DC Level [A] trong ca s IB-Current
Generator, thy xut hin ca s (hnh bn phi), chn Start value: 0; End value:
120u; Number of cases: 13; sweep type: Linear; ri chn OK.

Bc 3: xem c tuyn ra ca BJT, t menu Analysis, chn DC Analysis -> DC
Transfer Characteristic. Kt qu chy m phng nh hnh v di y.
hp khng?
68
T 30.00m
Current (A)
20.00m
10.00m
0.00
-10.00m
0.00
5.00
10.00
Input voltage (V)
15.00
20.00
Rc 480
2. Mch khuch i dng BJT

Bc 1: Dng phn mm TINA xy dng mt mch khuch i dng BJT mc E
chung nh hnh v sau. t cc thng s cho mch in: Ui l in p dng hnh sin c
bin =1mV & thnh phn mt chiu bng 1V; Ec = 12V.
R1 620
C2 1u
Uo
C1 1u
R2 120
C3 1u
Ui
RE 120
R3 1k
Ec 12

Bc 3: Phn tch ch DC xc nh im lm vic : chy Analysic->DC
Analysic->Table of DC result, bng gi tr dng, p mt chiu cc im trong mch
hin ln, xc nh im lm vic ca BJT. BJT lm vic ch no?
Bc 4: Phn tch ch AC: Thc hin 2 ln
Ln 1; K ng
69
Id
Ln 2: K m
xem dng sng u ra, chy Transient t menu Analysis trn thanh cng c.
(Ch : ch DC hoc AC u khng thch hp cho vic phn tch mch ny nn SV
nn s dng ch Transient hoc s dng xil). Kt qu chy m phng nh hnh
v di y.
hp khng?
PHN 3 FET
1. V c tuyn ra ca NMOSFET
EMOSFET-N
Vgs
W=10um
L=0.35um
Vds
Ch : ngun p Vgs ly cc gi tr thay i theo bc. Thc hin vic ny bng cch:
t menu Analysis chn Select Control Object (hoc chn nhanh bng cch nhp chut
vo nt
trn thanh cng c), sau kch chut vo cu kin cn thay i gi tr
(trong trng hp ny l ngun p Vgs). Ca s Vgs-Battery xut hin. G 3.5 vo
phn trng bn cnh dng Voltage [V] trong ca s .
Nhp chut vo du ... bn cnh dng Voltage [V] trong ca s Vgs-Battery, thy
xut hin ca s (hnh bn phi), chn Start value: 0; End value: 3.5; Number of
cases: 8; sweep type: Linear; ri chn OK.
70
Bc 3: xem c tuyn ra ca BJT, t menu Analysis, chn DC Analysis -> DC

Transfer Characteristic. Kt qu chy m phng nh hnh v di y.
hp khng?
T 7.00m
Output Current (A)
6.00m
5.00m
4.00m
3.00m
2.00m
1.00m
0.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
Output voltage (V)
3.00
4.00
PHN 5 PHN TCH BJT, FET TRONG CH CHUYN MCH

1. BJT trong ch chuyn mch
Ch s dng in p iu khin 5V iu khin ng m bng n si t Light in p
cao (220V).
Bc 1: V mch iu khin s dng Relay RL1 12V kiu thng m
Nhy p vo mi linh kin t gi tr nh mch cho di y.
Ec 12
RL1 SPNO-Default
R1 1k
+
Udk 5
Light1 220
Votl Meter

Bc 3: Chn ch m phng tng tc: Interactive->DC
Bc 4: Chy ch m phng tng tc: Interactive->Start
71
VS1 220
Bc 5: Kch vo cng tc K thay i trng thi ca n, nhn xt U CE, ch lm vic

ca BJT, trng thi ng m ca R le, S sng ti ca bng n trong mi trng hp K
ng/m.
2. E_MOSFET trong ch chuyn mch
Ch s dng in p iu khin 5V iu khin ng m bng n si t Light in p
cao (220V).
Bc 1: V mch iu khin s dng Relay RL1 12V kiu thng m
Nhy p vo mi linh kin t gi tr nh mch cho di y.
Xc nh in p ngng ca E_MOSFET
ID 119.84mA
SW-SPDT1
I light 454.45mA
RL1 SPNO-Default
Ec 12
T1 2N6755
VS1 220
+
Udk 5
Votl Meter 27.77mV
Light1 220
Power 100

Bc 3: Chn ch m phng tng tc: Interactive->DC
Bc 4: Chy ch m phng tng tc: Interactive->Start
Bc 5: Kch vo cng tc K thay i trng thi ca n, nhn xt U DS, v ch lm
vic ca E_MOSFET, trng thi ng m ca R le, S sng ti ca bng n trong mi
trng hp K ng/m.
3. Thit k v m phng mch c chc nng ging 2 mch trn nhng s dng
pJFET v pD_MOSFET
72
KT LUN
Ti liu gii thiu c mt cng c m phng rt mnh hin nay, l b

phn mm thit k TINA 8 vi y cc tnh nng t thit k mch, chy m
phng n thit k mch in. Phn mm ny h tr cho c thit k mch in tng
t, mch s v mch hn hp (kt hp c s v tng t). Ngoi ra phn mm thit
k TINA 8 c mt s u im ni bt so vi cc phn mm thit k khc hin nay
l h tr tnh nng bo mch 3D nh mch tht, cung cp cc my o o, v h
tr thm phn cng TINALab II.
ti ny a ra c mt b bi th nghim gm 03 bi th nghim hon
chnh cho mn hc Cu kin in t. Ti liu th nghim ny c th nghim
cho cc lp D08DT1, D08DT2, D08DT3, D09VT4, D09VT5, C09VT2 v nhn
c nhng phn hi tch cc. D kin trong thi gian ti s a b bi th nghim
ny vo trong chng trnh chnh thc. Cc bi th nghim m phng kt hp vi
cc bi th nghim trn kt th nghim s gp phn gip sinh vin cng c c kin
thc l thuyt, c thm k nng thit k mch bng phn mm trc khi a mch
thit k ra thc t.
73

Thinghiemdungtina 1523

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Thinghiemdungtina 1523

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HNG N

TH NGHIM CKT, CS O LNG IN T

Hin nay cc khoa in t - Vin thng, in - in t ca cc trng

H Ni, ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2010

CHNG 1. GII THIU PHN MM TINA 8

Hnh 1.1 Phn cng TINALab II

TINA c chia thnh hai phin bn chnh l TINA v B thit k TINA

Phn mm TINA 8 c xy dng vi nhiu Phn tng tc vi nhau, ngi

Phn tch DC: tnh ton im lm vic mt chiu v c tuyn truyn t

Phn tch qu (Transient analysis): trong ch transient v ch hn

Phn tch Fourier: Ngoi vic tnh ton v hin th p ng th cc h s

M phng s: TINA cng bao gm m phng rt nhanh v mnh cho cc

M phng VHDL: TINA cng bao gm mt b m phng VHDL kim

M phng vi iu khin: TINA bao gm mt phm vi rng cc vi iu

Ngoi ra TINA cn cung cp cc tnh nng nh Bin tp v g li theo

Cc thit b o o: c im ni bt ca TINA m cc phn mm Thit k

Cc o lng v kim tra thi gian thc: TINA c th i xa hn vic m

Mt c im ni bt khc ca TINA l chc nng bo mch 3D nh tht,

Hnh 1.2 - Chc nng bo mch 3D nh tht

Tm li, s tng tc cao, y tnh nng v d s dng lm cho phn

Vi nhng u im trn, phn mm TINA 8 l mt cng c v cng c

Phn mm h tr m phng tng t v m phng s nn c cc ging

Bn cnh , phn mm cng l cng c gip cho sinh vin, nghin cu

Hin nay, nh sn xut DesignSoft cng thng mi ho nhiu phin

1.3. Cu hnh my tnh yu cu

Lu : S dng phm F1 c th xem Hng dn theo cc ch .

CHNG 2. HNG DN C BN S DNG PHN MM

Hnh 2.1 Giao din chnh ca chng trnh

11. Menu Bar: Trnh n hin th danh sch cc lnh.

hnh mi tn trong ca s chnh ca chng trnh.

hnh cy bt khi ta thc hin ni dy.

hnh bn tay khi ta tr vo linh kin hoc ang a linh kin vo

33. The Schematic window: ca s lm vic chnh ca chng trnh, cho

44. The Toolbar: Thanh cng c.

Ngi dng c th chn hu ht cc lnh chnh sa mch trn Thanh

S dng nt lnh ny v dy ni cho s nguyn l

Hin th ca s chnh dng li hoc khng.

Nu nt lnh ny c chn, chng trnh s cho php hin th

Hnh 2.2 Chuyn i gia dng 2D hoc 3D

Chuyn s nguyn l trc tip sang mch in.

linh kin m ta la chn nn gy rt nhiu kh khn cho ngi s

Hnh 2.3 Ca s tm kim cc linh kin

Ngi dng cng c th la chn cc linh

7. Open files tab - Th m cc tp tin: h tr m nhiu mch hoc nhiu

8. The TINA Task bar - Thanh tc v: nm pha di ca mn hnh, c

Hnh 2.4 Cc lnh khi nhn chut phi vo ca s son tho

Khi bm chut phi vo chng trnh th s xut hin 1 menu gm cc chc

Last Component: Ly li linh kin cui cng s dng.

V d: ngi s dng c th nhp gi tr 1 in tr l: 1M (ohm) thay v phi nhp

Cc linh kin c ly ra t Thanh Linh kin v biu tng ca chng c di

hoc nhn chut

Hnh 2.5 Bng thit lp cc thuc tnh cho linh kin

v mt dy ni, chut c di chuyn vo im cui cng ca linh kin,

CHNG 3. GII THIU CC MY O O

3.1. Gii thiu cc loi my o o

Hnh 3.1 My to sng chc nng

:Nt chn la hng gi tr

: Nt ny cho php xc lp nhng gi tr, dng sng chn la cho

: Chn dng sng (since ,cosine, xung)

: Nt chn la knh ra (output channel).

Chc nng: cho php o in p v dng in DC, AC, in tr, hoc tn s

Hnh 3.2 My o a nng s

3.1.3. My ghi dng sng XY (XY Recorder)