A Method of Stress-Strain Testing of Aluminum Conductor and ACSR and A Test Method for Determining the Long Time Tensile Creep of Aluminum Conductors in Overhead Lines Prepared by the Electrical Technical Committee The Aluminum Association @® 900 16th Strat. NW Washington, DC 20008FOREWORD ‘A Method of Stress‘Strain Testing of Aluminum Conductor and ACSR (aluminum conductor, Stee! reinforced) was formulated, n 1964, by the Electrical Technical Commitee of The Alum rum Associaton, ‘To supplement the method of Stress-Srain Testing the Commitee in 1971 prepared a Test Metiod for Determining the Long Time Tensile Creep of Aluminum Conductors In Overhead Lines. The test provides a method of making long time tensile creep tests and intrprating the results. The method provides guidance inthe selection ofest appartus, inthe operation ofthe ‘apparatus and nthe Interpretation of test resus. The section on inerpretation of results i ‘des both a graphic method for those calculating conductor sags and tensions by graphic onstruction, and a method for developing equations fo be used in sag-tonsion compute pro grams, ‘The issuance or existence of those Methods do natin any respect proven ot restrict any mem- ber or non-member of The Aluminum Assocation from using tet methods not in accordance wih thse Methods, o rom using any tet method of is own choice. ‘Comments and recommendations relative to these methods wil be welcomed by the Associa: ‘ors Electrical Tectrical Commitee January 1999AMETHOD OF STRESS-STRAIN TESTING OF ALUMINUM CONDUCTOR AND ACSR ‘An approximate 500 inch gage length ofthe complete Conductor ane ts see! core nthe case of ACSR shall be given tensile strength tests obiain representative repeated stress-strain cures ‘The complete conductor andthe stel core shall be grppes in such a manner as 19 astute poste holding ofthe trang dung te test ‘Temperature readings shall be taken atthe begin- ring and end ofeach noid period On both increasing and decreasing loads, simu taneous readings of tension and elongation shall be taken at frequent intervals to provide data required to plot @ smooth curve. Computed stresses are to be based on the actual dimensions of the incivil Uniess otherwise agreed upon prio to testing, the leasing conditons for repeated svess-sran tosis ‘hall be as folows Complete Conductor 4. Los intial to 8 percent of ated strength or 1000 pounds, whichever fs smaller, and set gages ot 2 Laas to 30 percent of rated stengin ana nots tor ‘our Take readings after 5, 10,15 and 30 min- Utes during the eld perod. Release total ead 3. Reload conductor to 80 percent of rated strength ‘and hold fort hour Take readings ater 5, 10.15. 130,45 and 60 minutes, Release inal load 4, Reload conductor to 70 percent of rated strength ‘and ld for 1 hour Take reasings ater 5, 10.15. 30,45 and 60 minutes, Release tna load, 5. After the third application of oad, again apply ten- Sion increasing uniformly unl the actual breaking strength is reached. Simutanoous readings of tension and elongation shal be taken at the same Intewvals as for previous fading up to approx ‘ately 75 percent of the rate breaking strength. For stranded conductors in which strands of diferent ‘ates exist nthe same layer, tis not possibie 0 perform the test on the core strand separately. For these types of conductors, @ composite test must be performed and the resus forthe core shal be ale: fates ‘Steel Core of ACS 4. Set gages at zer0 with stress in pounds per square inch equal to TEC where: T= Tension of complete conductor in pounds per square inch for zero gage seting = Ina modulus of elastty fr core E = Initial modulus of easy for complete conductor, a8 determined by the ‘Stese-tain tet on the complete con: auctor 2. The test shal coneitof thee successive applica tons of oad applied in a manner similar to that or ‘the complete conductor at 30,60 and 70 percent rated breaking strength 3. For the holding periods, the core shall be loaded Lunt the elongation atthe beginning of each pe- id corresponds to that obtained onthe complete Conductor at 30, 50 and 70 percent ofthe rated Strength, respectively 4. Afr the thied application of oad, again apply ten- ‘on Increasing uniformly uti the actual breaking Strength is reached. Record data n same manner a8 for complete conductor. "Note: For the purpose of making tis test, me Hal ‘Modu ofthe stee! core may be taken as: 21.8 108 for single-wie steel core 27.0 «10 for T-wieste! core 26:5 «10 or 1-nre steel coreATEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE LONG TIME TENSILE CREEP OF ALUMINUM CONDUCTORS IN OVERHEAD LINES . Scope 4.4 Test Method - This method deserbes the pro- cedure for determining the room temperature long time tense creeo for al os of alum- ‘hum elocsal conductors used in the constue- tion of overhoad power ines. Also included is the procedure fr interpreting and applying the results ofthe tet. 1.2. Purpose of Test - The tense coop character- istics obtained from ths test are for use in computing sage and tensions forthe design of ‘overhead power ines. 1.8 Limitations of Result It should be recognized by all concerned, both conductor users. and producers, that conductor ereep abtainad from {he Test Nithod herein deserved is at bast an approximation ofthe actual ereep that may re- fut in the conductor in senioe. Due to the ‘many variations in manufacturing, installation fand service condone, such as temperature ‘aratons,varalons In eletrcal loasing, vara tions in ice. and wind loading, variations in Prtensioning, et, precise values of creep that vill cccur in service In a paricular conductor fare impractical o pred. Tet resus obtained by the mathod wil be of suffeentacouracy for se in sag-tonsion calculations for most instal lations operating atypical condos. 2, Description of Terms 2.1 Creep - “Tepe-dopendent stain occuring un- er stress" For tho purposes of tis. Test Method, the long time tensie creep of a con: Engineering tastes - Bowhr and Lisborman 622 ‘gn through the average of the points wil be. satstactory. Extension of the Creep curve beyond the approximate 35, pereont stress love shoud be done only ffrough points obtained by fost at these higher stress loves Devation of Equation for Creep Versus ‘Stress - The curve for creep versus sess for a gvon timo, such as. 10 years, canbe expressed as an equation: Yeux Whore Xs the strain in porcot,¥is the stress in ps, and M is a constant, To Setermine the value of M in ths equ tion, th value for Xis the sum of the percent strain computed forest sos ¥ from the equation fo the intial compas- ite strese-tain curve and 100 tes the tong time unit tonsile creep computed for the given time attest stress Y in 6.12. ‘This accomplshes. mathomaticaly the ‘7=phle adation in 62.1. Should creep fete be run at more than one tost sess, values of X and Y for @ given time are computed for each stress, and the value for M for that time is dee mined by a least squares averaging of the data from the several tests (600 Ap- pendix 32). The equatons for creep so derived are vail up to siess level of ‘approximately 85 percent of conductor rates strengthNawioads 40 NOUWavaaaid 9 3uNDLd pesn ae Joye] 24 u2ym SSumy uossaidwoo 10} eq Sum Jaye SpUesS wnuRUNe Jo YIBUE 10 ‘pasn ave sSunh PUR Vossexdie> Ou UewuDads sa J0WiBUD) ~ 1p2sn 29 0 2 sbuny uorssaxduios pus vausoods iso WBveT = 'pessaiduoo jou you 2uQ 2)0N s24¢ 2109 Jo Bude 44 paunbas oq few! Yous Buy pue UorsSaidueD Jenn 44 paunbaL YABUET = * ejauep cjonpuco au sau any noge 817 fens) sd sas 249 822 pue no poy 29 0} UoNseS sy UI Sau wane ‘ey BpSU} SJoUINN aut Cdn Bude aunsve Of du Usa eyseKed 10} peanbos BUST - ‘Cu ‘soyous) soueseaig ~ 9 \nBu91 2669 - 9 xianaddy(wt Sg pt cn Potester Resin Sear Stel care wires ‘AMold Release Agent (Dow Coming No.7, or equal) fused both a8 release agent and seal on al joints during casting. Note: Length, Le, and diameters ofthe cast-end depend upon the slo, number of wires, and strength of the sanded conductor fo be tested. Preferably Ly shouldbe about five times the clameter ofthe conductor and the sta of the “bol” should bo abut 1 in. inside the east end, Distance beyond the hooks on the wires isnot crtical and wil usually be chosen to uit the gripping devs used in tasting, FIGURE 2: MOLD ARRANGEMENT FOR CASTING RESIN ENDS‘APPENDIE 2.1 Plot of Test Points 3 SF ureassacas" sme datas" esan wear "scan s(uoyaonazeuo> eyyp wo27 poayz9p) soning deoay 303 suoTaeMbg *E enn BOT" T4teeeT1“BLO"Z-B4S~200" 140-366 °7K ssa035 oaysodaop”[e)a7ul 307 woqvenba “2 (erezag atooz0q 03 az0nu09 02 oot 44 postd}219%) 12 xrpunddy uy poatsog #9npeq wo2s poateTa satsoq sing dees“ ssazonAPPENDIX 3.1 Derivation of Equation for Strain Vs Time. Readings of stan as listed inthe column e-Actual at elapsed ie H-Actual were fad tothe equation: HL, Wat the resus as shown fora least-squares ft ofits linear transform: Ke9.78771E5, — L20.187256, Coston of Determination=0:997096 HeActual Actual calculated % Diference + od ames 5a is 102 10.8598 34 2 1086 saa 27 25 ns 161098 wa 3 i158. 120233 4 as 1282 123754 4 1302 12.6088 4s 1358 soon? 3 1348 ya.z000 55 1356 19.4685 215 1788 173855 235 irae were a4 2 1878 380153 42 28 18860 182671 23 30 18.46 38.5046 -2 455 205) 20.0056, 24 as 2022 2o.1674 2 50 2032 20.3821 <2 54 1096 208576 33 175 23.68 28049 <3 8 2ae2 24.2005 24 1435 2448 2arare a 150 25 peo ° 1655 Pet sare 45 4 25.26 parime a7 1805 288 2e.1321 w 198 25.76 bear -22 2855 2738 2e2166 =i 3a35 28.66 29.0800 33 3578 23.68 29.4903 8 3818 soe 29.7008 24 4005 m8 30.1745 2 4555 3038 307707 “a 5088 Baa 31.4026 1 5405 a6 31.8073 @ 628 35.08 2.8058 12 6605 34 33.0001 8 7s 278 s3ssit 7 od 3308 3a 1900 -4 e375 3. 345163 <6 8855 3458 3earen <3 0678 3468 35.3027 2 10055 3516 Sarid ts NoTEs: {1 The above datapoints are the same as those plotted forthe 8958 psi sess curve on Appendix 21. 2. Equations for the tosis at othe tose loves fallow "7465 pt e=7006431E SHO 187962 ‘5872 pi e=6.60145E-S'H"0 187429, {4479 pi t=5.S8056E-S'H"0, 187501APPENDIX 3.2 Derivation of Equations for Creep Curves, From the equations of strain vs time derived in Apponcix 3.1, the toa train fora given time and stress is de- rived from the equations: X=X (9 +X (0) X)-2.996-861 286-s-Y-2076-11°Y"261.106-14°Y"9 X(O)=1007(HPL)-1) Where X isthe total strain in percent, X() i tho stain represented bythe inl composio stress-strain cur, X(C) is the strain duo to creep, and isthe stress ps. ‘The creep curve fora given time is represented by the equation; Pd For single tet, the constant M fora given time is derived rom the equation: MeviK For mutipe tests, the constant M fora given tine i derived from the last equares equation: Me noes x2) Following are the results forthe four tets in Append 3.1 Stain, Pereont 09) Percont Stress value of ated aly) eva Creep Total In Equation Stronth v=wrx 4880 Hour, 6 Month: 15 aro 60894 21369 onze saasea 20 S072 ‘081096 1025179 108215 562369 30 2958 123609 037268 61162 55.5963 {8760 Hour, 1 Year 15 are ‘060894 1025090 095089 520963 20 so72 ‘081036 20588 ‘10824 52.003 25 7465 101066 035670 137694 54.2463 20 8058 123800 43784 167683 524263 £87600 Hour, 10 Year: 18 are ‘60894 1660 102554 4ae7ea 20 5072 ‘81036 sore 190154 45.8863 25 7485, 101968 1059207 161171 462263 30 2058 "123600 072682 196561 455769 Equations of average creep curves: 6 Month: §—Yax55.6169, Year YaxS3.61E3 toes, Yax'45.6269The Aluminum Association @® 900 19th Sires, NW Washington, BC 20008