TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI TPHCM

KHOA IN- IN T VIN THNG

BO CO H THNG VIN THNG 2
TI:

H THNG THNG TIN MY TNH

(H THNG ADSL, ADSL2 V ADSL 2+)
GVGD: Ths LI NGUYN DUY
SVTH: NHM 13
NGUYN HNG
TRNG QUC THIN
TRNG LM HO NGUYN
NGUYN QUYT MINH
MAI HONG NGUYN
TP H Ch Minh, 11/2014

DV11
DV11
DV11
DV11
DV11
1

NI DUNG CHNH

ADSL

ADSL2 V ADSL2+

KH NNG NG DNG CA ADSL2+

1. ADSL
1

Tng quan v ADSL

2

A
D
S
L

K Thut ghp knh

4
5
6
7

Cu trc h thng

K thut truyn dn trong ADSL

Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

Nhiu trong ADSL

Bng thng ADSL

u im v nhc im ca ADSL

1.1 Tng quan v ADSL

ADSL l ci g ?
4

1.1 Tng quan v ADSL

ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line) ng dy thu bao s
khng i xng. l k thut truyn c s dng trn ng dy t modem ca
thu bao ti Nh cung cp dch v.
Asymmetrical: Tc truyn khng ging nhau hai chiu. Tc chiu
xung (t mng ti thu bao) c th nhanh gp hn 10 ln so vi tc chiu
ln (t thu bao ti mng).
Digital: Cc modem ADSL hot ng mc bt (0 & 1) v dng chuyn
thng tin s ho gia cc thit b s nh cc my tnh PC.
Subscriber Line: ADSL t n ch hot ng trn ng dy thu bao bnh
thng ni ti tng i ni ht.
5

1.1 Tng quan v ADSL

1.1 Tng quan v ADSL

Hnh 1.2 Tn s s dng

7

1.2 Cu trc h thng ADSL

1.2.1 Cc thnh phn ca ADSL

Hnh 1.3 S khi h thng ADSL

8

1.2 Cu trc h thng ADSL

1.2.2 Modem ADSL/b nh tuyn Router

Hnh 1.4 V tr Modem ADSL trong S khi h thng ADSL

9

1.2 Cu trc h thng ADSL

1.2.3 Mch vng (local loop)
'Local loop' l thut ng dng ch cc ng dy in thoi bnh
thng ni t v tr ngi s dng ti cng ty in thoi.

Hnh 1.5 Mch vng.

10

1.2 Cu trc h thng ADSL

1.2.4 B lc

Hnh 1.6 B lc.

11

1.2 Cu trc h thng ADSL

1.2.5 Cc thnh phn ca ADSL t pha ISP

Hnh 1.7 Cc thnh phn ca ADSL t pha ISP.

12

1.2 Cu trc h thng ADSL

1.2.5 Cc thnh phn ca ADSL t pha ISP
DSLAM - DSL Access Multiplexer
N cha v s cc modem ADSL b tr v mt pha hng ti cc mch vng v
pha kia l kt ni cp quang.

Hnh 1.8 DSLAM.

13

1.2 Cu trc h thng ADSL

1.2.5 Cc thnh phn ca ADSL t pha ISP
Broadband Access Server (BAS) l thit b t gia DSLAM v POP ca ISP.
Mt thit b BAS c th phc v cho nhiu DSLAM.
M gi cc giao thc truyn thng hon tr li cc giao thc trc khi i
vo Internet. N cng m bo cho kt ni ca bn ti ISP c chnh xc.
Thng thng ADSL s dng hai giao thc chnh l:
+ PPPoE: Point-to-Point protocol over Ethernet.
+ PPPoA: Point-to-Point protocol over ATM.

Hnh 1.9 BAS.

14

1.2 Cu trc h thng ADSL

1.2.6 Cc giao thc s dng gia modem v BAS

Khi kt ni vo Internet, bn s dng cc giao thc chy tng vn chuyn

TCP/IP (chng hn nh HTTP - giao thc c s dng bi cc webbrowser)..
Trong ADSL, PPP thng c s dng kim tra tn v mt khu truy
nhp, v ATM th lun c s dng mc thp nht.
15

1.3 K thut ghp knh

Chui bit trong cc khung ADSL c th chia ti a thnh 7 knh ti tin
ti cng mt thi im.
Cc knh truyn ti c chia thnh hai loi:
n cng c k hiu l AS0, AS1, AS2, AS3
song cng c k hiu l LS0, LS1, LS2.
Phn mo u: Chc nng ca phn mo u l ng b cc knh ti
thit b ADSL hai u ng truyn c th nhn bit cu trc cc knh
(AS v LS), tc ca cc knh, v tr ca cc bit trong khung.

16

1.4 K thut truyn dn trong ADSL

Hnh 1.10: Truyn dn hai hng b gii hn tn s thp.

17

1.4 K thut truyn dn trong ADSL

1.4.1 ADSL ghp knh phn chia theo tn s
Mc truyn
Bng pht
tc thp

Bng POTS

Bng thu
tc cao

Bng
bo v

Tn s

Hnh 1.11: K thut truyn dn ghp knh theo tn s.

18

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

C 3 phng php iu ch c s dng trong

ADSL l:
- Phng php iu ch bin cu phng (QAM).
- Phng php iu ch bin /pha khng song mang
CAP.
- Phng php iu ch tn s ri rc (DMT).
19

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

1.5.1 Phng php iu ch bin cu phng (QAM)
My pht sng dng
cosin
x value

Tp
hp cc
bit u
vo

Gi tr x

Tm
gi tr (x,
y)

Gi tr y

Nhnh I

Nhnh Q

Dng sng
u ra

My pht sng hnh

sin
Hnh 1.12: S khi b iu ch QAM

20

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

1.5.1 Phng php iu ch bin cu phng (QAM)

Hnh 1.13:S khi b gii iu ch QAM

21

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

1.5.2 iu ch bin /pha khng sng mang CAP
CAP s dng ton b di thng t 4kHz ln 1,1MHz nh mt knh truyn
Phng php iu ch pha v bin khng sng mang ny da trn
phng php iu ch bin cu phng QAM.
S khc nhau gia CAP v QAM trong vic thc hin chng. CAP khng
gi mt cht sng mang no. Tn hiu iu ch c thc hin mt cch s
ho nh s dng hai b lc s vi cc c tnh bin cn bng v khc
pha.
Tuy nhin chnh s vng mt ca sng mang li to nn nhc im ca
CAP l chm sao m ho ca CAP khng c nh. Do b thu CAP
phi c chc nng quay pht hin ra v tr c lin quan ca chm sao.
22

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

1.5.2 iu ch bin /pha khng sng mang CAP

Hnh 1.14: S khi h thng thu pht tn hiu theo phng php CAP
23

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

1.5.2 iu ch bin /pha khng sng mang CAP
u im:
K thut hon thin pht trin t modem V34: Do CAP da trn QAM mt cch
trc tip, nn n l mt k thut hon thin d hiu, v do khng c cc knh con
nn thc thi n gin hn DMT.
Thch ng tc : Trong CAP, vic thch ng tc c th t c bi vic thay
i kch c chm sao m ho (4-CAP, 64-CAP, 512-CAP) hoc l bng cch
tng hoc gim ph tn s dng.
Mch thc hin n gin.
Nhc im:
Khng c sng mang nn nng lng suy gim nhanh trn ng truyn, v
cng do khng c sng mang m tn hiu thu ch bit bin m khng bit pha
do u thu phi c b thc hin chc nng quay nhm xc nh chnh xc
im tn hiu.
24

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

1.5.3 Phng php iu ch a tn ri rc (DMT)
DMT phn chia ton b di bng thng tng t thnh 256 knh c rng
bng nhau (4.3125 KHz).
Cc knh hng ln chim ph tn thp hn .
Khng phi tt c cc knh u s dng truyn ti thng tin. Mt s knh
c dnh cho qun l mng v cc chc nng o kim tra cht lng.
Trong qu trnh nh thng s ban du, modem DMT o t s tn hiu trn
nhiu S/N ca tng knh th cp, sau phn chia lng tn hiu cho ph
hp vi p ng tn s m modem ADSL c c.
Tc ca mt knh hoc mt nhm knh c th thay i, min l bi s
ca 32Kbps
25

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

1.5.3 Phng php iu ch a tn ri rc (DMT)

Hnh 1.15: S iu ch DMT.

26

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

1.5.3 Phng php iu ch a tn ri rc (DMT)
u im:
Pht trin t cng ngh modem V34: Modem ADSL da trn DMT l i
din cho s tin ho t k thut ca modem V34. Modem DMT s dng
QAM, trit ting vng, m li a kch c, v sp xp hnh sao.
S thc thi: truyn c tc bit ti a trong cc khong bng tn nh
Thch ng tc : DMT linh hot hn trong vic iu chnh tc
truyn, n c th thch ng tc d liu i vi iu kin ng dy c
th.
Nhc im:
Do c nhiu sng mang nn thit b rt phc tp v t.
27

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

1.5.4 So snh DMT v CAP/QAM
CAP
Voice

Upstream

Downstream

0 - 4KHz

26 - 160KHz

240KHz 1.5MHz

DMT

247 channels (4KHz each)

Hnh 1.16: c tnh ph tn tn hiu CAP v DMT

28

1.5 Cc phng php iu ch trong ADSL

1.5.4 So snh DMT v CAP/QAM
M ng truyn tt nht cho ADSL l DMT:
S thc hin gn ti u trn tt c mi knh truyn bao gm c nhng
knh truyn b nhiu nghim trng v c nhiu nhnh r.
Kh nng chng nhiu t cc tn s v tuyn.
Kh nng khng nhiu xung t nhin.

Thch ng tt vi cc knh truyn c iu kin v c tnh nhiu thay i.

H tr tt c cc yu cu tc ca ANSI v ETSI.
Trit pht x cc di tn v tuyn nghip d.
Tng hp ph tt vi ADSL v cc h thng DSL khc.
29

1.6 Nhiu trong ADSL

Nhiu trn ng dy thu bao s ph bin nht l 2 loi nhiu xuyn
m thng thy trong DSL: NEXT xuyn m u gn v FEXT
xuyn m u xa.

Hnh 1.17: Minh ha nhiu xuyn m.

30

1.6 Nhiu trong ADSL

Ngoi NEXT v FEXT, ADSL cn chu nh hng ca cc loi
nhiu khc nh:
Nhiu v tuyn.
Nhiu xung.
Can nhiu gia cc loi DSL vi nhau hoc t can nhiu.
31

1.7 Bng thng ADSL

Kh nng truyn ti ca ADSL trn ng xung c bn l t 2,048 Mbps

ti 6.144Mbps, c ly truyn c th vo khong 3 km.
C ly truyn cao nht c th c l 9 km
Tc truyn c th t c ti 52Mbps v 155Mbps nu s dng si
quang truyn
32

1.8. U IM CA ADSL
PSTN v ISDN

ADSL

PSTN v ISDN l cc cng ngh quay s

(dial-up)

ADSL l 'lin tc/ always-on"tc kt ni trc

tip
ADSL l khng th o v c tnh tin theo
t l c nh

PSTN v ISDN cho php chng ta s dng

fax, d liu, thoi, d liu ti Internet.

ADSL ch chuyn ti d liu ti Internet

PSTN v ISDN cho php chng ta tu chn

ISP no m ta mun kt ni

ADSL kt ni chng ta ti mt ISP nh trc

ISDN chy tc c s 64kbps hoc

128kbps

ADSL c th ti d liu v vi tc ti 8Mbps

PSTN ngt truy nhp ti Internet khi chng ta

thc hin cuc gi

ADSL cho php ta lt trn Internet trong khi

vn c th thc hin cuc gi ng thi
33

NI DUNG CHNH

ADSL

ADSL2 V ADSL2+

KH NNG NG DNG CA ADSL2+

34

2.1 ADSL2
2.1.1 Khi qut chung
Khi s lng thu bao tng cng vi s pht trin ca cc loi hnh dch v.
p ng c yu cu ngy cng cao v cht lng v s lng. Cng
ngh ADSL cng phi pht trin theo yu cu ny.
ADSL2 l phin bn ci tin ca ADSL c chun ha bi ITU nm 2002.
Cng ngh ADSL2 nhm vo ci tin k thut iu ch v m ha tng
tc ng xung ln 12Mbps (so vi 8Mbps ca ADSL) v tc
ng ln ln 1Mbps. ADSL2 cng gim thiu giao thoa trn ng truyn
dn n tng khong cch truyn ln t 5-10%.
35

2.1 ADSL2
2.1.2 Cc tnh nng mi ca ADSL2 so vi ADSL
ADSL th h 2 (ADSL2) cung cp cc c tnh b sung so vi ADSL th
h mt:
H tr ng dng ch hon ton s: ADSL2 a ra mt ch tu
chn cho php truyn s liu ADSL2 trn bng tn thoi.
H tr chc nng ghp ngc ATM (IMA) trong ATM TPS-TC: Thng
qua IMA, ADSL2 c th ghp hai hoc nhiu i dy ng trong mt
tuyn ADSL. Kt qu l t c tc ng xung linh hot hn.
20 Mbps trn 2 i ghp.

30 Mbps trn 3 i ghp.

40 Mbps trn 4 i ghp.
36

2.1 ADSL2
2.1.2 Cc tnh nng mi ca ADSL2 so vi ADSL
Cc c tnh lin quan PMD c b sung l:
Chun on: B thu pht ADSL2 c tng cng kh nng
chun on v cung cp cc cng c gii quyt nhng vng
mc.Cc b thu pht ADSL2 cung cp kh nng thc hin o tp
m ng dy, suy gim mch vng v t s tn hiu trn tp m
(SNR) ti hai u ng dy
Thch ng tc : ADSL2 thch ng lin tc tc s liu theo
thi gian thc
H tr khi to nhanh: ADSL2 h tr c hai ch l ch
khi to thng thng v ch khi to nhanh
37

2.1 ADSL2
2.1.2 Cc tnh nng mi ca ADSL2 so vi ADSL
Ci thin v mt cng sut:

Hnh 2.1: Cc ch cng sut L0, L2 v L3

38

2.1 ADSL2
2.1.2 Cc tnh nng mi ca ADSL2 so vi ADSL
Cc c tnh lin quan n PMS-TC c b sung l:
Vic to khung linh hot hn, h tr ln ti 4 knh ti tin v 4 tuyn
tr: S liu c truyn khc nhau c th c tp hp vo cc cu
trc khc nhau khi chng truyn qua chc nng PMS-TC pht.
Gim tiu khung: H thng ADSL2 gim tiu khung bng cch
s dng khung vi cc tiu ca khung c th lp trnh c.

39

2.1 ADSL2
2.1.3 So snh ADSL2 vi ADSL
Thc cht ADSL2 cng l ADSL (cng c bn cht truyn bt i xng) nhng
c nhng ci tin mi, mc ch chnh l ko di c ly truyn v nng cao tc
truyn ng thi cung cp thm c ch qun l ngun.

Hnh 2.2: H thng ADSL2 ci thin khong cch so vi ADSL

40

NI DUNG CHNH

ADSL

ADSL2 V ADSL2+

KH NNG NG DNG CA ADSL2+

41

2.2 ADSL2+
2.2.1 Khi qut chung
Thng 7 nm 2002, ITU (Lin minh vin thng quc t) hon tt 2
chun mi cho cng ngh ADSL, G.992.3 v G.992.4, c gi chung
l ADSL2.
Chun ITU G.992.5 ra i vo thng 5 nm 2003 pht trin t ADSL v
ADSL2 gi l ADSL2+
ADSL2+ tng gp i tn s ti a ca qu trnh truyn d liu chiu ti
xung, t 1,1MHz ln 2,2MHz. Tc truyn ti xung c kh nng
t ti ti a 24Mbps qua ng truyn thoi, tc ng ln vn
c duy tr 1Mbps
ADSL2+ vn s dng i cp ng truyn thoi sn c.
42

2.2 ADSL2+
2.2.2 Cc tnh nng mi ca ADSL2+
Bng thng rng hn

Hnh 2.3: ADSL 2+ c bng thng lung d liu xung tng gp i.

43

2.2 ADSL2+
2.2.2 Cc tnh nng mi ca ADSL2+

Hnh 2.4: Bng thng ng xung v bng thng ng ln

44

2.2 ADSL2+
2.2.2 Cc tnh nng mi ca ADSL2+

Hnh 2.5: Tc s liu ng xung ca ADSL2+ so vi ADSL2

45

2.2 ADSL2+
2.2.2 Cc tnh nng mi ca ADSL2+
Gim xuyn nhiu trn ng truyn

Hnh 2.6 ADSL2+ gim xuyn nhiu trn ng truyn.

46

2.2 ADSL2+
2.2.2 Cc tnh nng mi ca ADSL2+

DA
TA RATE (MBPS)

Ghp t tc cao hn: C th ghp ti 32 i dy.

Bonded ADSL2+
ADSL2+
ADSL

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5

LOOP LENGTH (KFT)

Hnh 2.7: Ghp hai ng ADSL2+.

47

10 11

12

13

14

15

NI DUNG CHNH

ADSL

ADSL2 V ADSL2+

KH NNG NG DNG CA ADSL2+

48

3.1. Truy cp Internet tc cao

49

3.2. Truyn hnh theo yu cu (Video on Demand: VoD)

50

3.3 Truyn hnh Giao thc Internet (IPTV- Internet Protocol

Television)

51

3.4 Truyn s liu

52

3.5 Hi ngh truyn hnh (Video Conferencing)

53

3.6. Hc tp t xa (Telelearning)

54

3.7 Chi Game tng tc trn mng

55

3.8. Cha bnh t xa (Tele Medicine)

56

3.9. Mua hng qua mng (Online Shopping)

57

3.10 Lm vic ti nh (Telecommuting)

58

59