Dedication of the Lecture © There came one who made a difference to the world of metals and alloys in India. He built a school and many and many tall careers, A whole host of extra-ordinary metallurgists of India was built in BHU. Professor Anantha raman belonged to different times in the history of India, He built a value system that sustains. [ He built several modern metallurgists who made a substantial difference. To that tall teacher, all of us in the room bow and salute. ‘The Eureka man proposed his theory on lever. Professor Anantharaman practiced leveraging through people His contributions have been wholesome and enriching. He created a new history. To this person who braved an uncharted world in India in early days after independence, the house salutesWhat the World of people could learn from that of metals © World of People Made up of many Many races and types Co-existence of order and disorder Left to Nature tend to chaos Suffers from interfacial tensions and pressures When ordered, demonstrate high strength Multi cloning affords new cultures © World of metal and alloys Made up of many Many, many alloys Order-disorder equilibria hold the key Entropy plays high role Interfacial and grain boundary considerations affect theie coalitions too!! When ordered, they are strong and ductility influenced by fracture Alloys provide many new propertiesals and Alloys: eir own world © Material world is made up of 92 naturally occurring chemical elements, of which roughly two thirds could be categorized among metals © Global annual production of metals can be estimated at more than 850 million tons, of which iron derived metal and allots account for more than 95%, © Tron is the dominant player. Iron in the company of carbon has played many roles. Steel of nerves of steel has been in play for long. © We have gained many insights into the metallurgy of steel. What is the foresight.Insight into the world of metals © The roles of order disorder and phase equilibria are known and well understood. © Making atoms in metals to order is now in the hands of those who could control. ° Breaking order in the world of metals and alloys is also under control. © Incontrolling order and disorder, Professor Anantharaman group has done wonders for India © We have tools now to probe into the world of metals and alloys with all those microscopes and radiation derived techniques. © Scientists of today do enjoy deep insights into the world of metals and alloysme landmarks in the world of metals and alloys © Deeper understanding of the phase transformations among most important metals even if they are not larger than 15-20 types © Mastering knowledge on actions at grain boundaries and ability to manipulate internal packing order in the world of alloys to advantages of strength and ductility designs Discovery of Shape memory alloys and their applications form ortho-dentistry to reactor designs Doing processes at the surfaces through surface engineering Mixing macro, micro and meso with nano structures to advantages of strength Nano technology applications for functional gains »many, many moreursuit of Science in Changing Times for metallurgy too! e Three decades ago, pursuit of science was primarily for the joy of learning. Metallurgists flourished too « With time, shapes and directions are changing To include applications ¢ Collapse of boundaries of disciplines Actions are at the interface of disciplines © Transition from knowledge as products to knowledge as tools for wealth generation and problem solving © Broadening frontiers of metallurgy seems to act closely with those materials science. « Marriage of metallurgy with materials science seem to flourish in the honey moon periodThere are celebrations of several successes Indian steel industry seems to be going global for businessyn for me material sciences © The metallurgical industry of India is on a swan song, buying up plants all over the world, taking India to new scale of confidence and ambition. At the other end, vistas of materials science have been writing new lessons for Metallurgical engineering. Is there a new vision for the world of metals and alloys Is India prepared for new India in Twenty20 world Reality Vision =Dream - RealityVision: Two modes Has the world of metals and alloys found the balance? Excellence Expansionmetallurgy Strength Weakness Opportunities: Proven performance Technology Sustainability New metals and alloys New alternate materials Established demand Resource depletion Discovery of new properties Obsolescence rates Infrastructure Weakening expertise base High growth rate of Asia Innovation in material science Strong coupling to civilization Large investment base Generation of new value of high growth sectors Linear thinking of experts who dare notSteel Sector: Indian Score card India makes about 50 million tons of steel per year. This represents a share of about 4.5% of global need © Our neighbors have grown from 10 million ton per year capacity to about 450 million tons growing currently at a rate of 25% p.a. Rest of world makes steel of many varieties ¢ Iron alloys without carbon e Iron in combination with copper and many other unknown companiesWhat is India’s score card? In discovering new metals and alloys In developing new products of hitherto unknown propertiesConcerns of modern Metallurgy © Technologies under use is mature ° Changes are slow ¢ Dominated by applications of known technologies (particularly in steel making) e Analytical engineering in metallurgy for more frequent changes would be necessary Enrollment of talented youth in education in metallurgy is not comfortable ¢ Number of institutions offering degrees in metallurgy is not Increasing Flight out of such courses is large ¢ Opportunities are not perceivedNew Horizons of Metallurgy Energy and material efficient technologies with low emissions of carbon di oxide Discovery of new alloys for more doling more with less ° Generation of new properties and applications Recovery, renovation, reuse ° New technology tools to control order-disorder processesFashion areas of metallurgy © Non-ferrous alloys: Are still emerging © Powder metallurgy: transformed from fashion to practice e Shape memory alloys: Shaping in many forms ¢ Intelligent materials: Challenging human intelligence © Nano technology: Expanding using large costs © Biomineralization and bioleaching: exploration ° Radiation based mechanical processes: radiating new hopes for e.g micro waves .... Many moreMaterials science in marriage with metals and alloys Transition from five day tests to Twenty20 From days of Gavaskar to Dhoni Changes in shelf life of technologies, products/ usage and everythingframes © Gavaskar era e Dominated by foundations and fundamentals Physical metallurgy and observational tools ¢ Process efficiency ¢ Yield optimization ¢ Inward looking development ° Dhoni era e Influenced by fashion ¢ Powder metallurgy and system applications ¢ Product specialization and application led © Competition influencederials science and Frontier areas: Impacting Metallurgy ° New materials science could draw from a large pallet of both organic and inorganic materials and do not depend on metals and alloys e Non-metal materials offer threat to metal based materials for functional replacement ° Conducting polymers and range of nano materials offer a range of properties that were not available before As the new materials emerge, metallurgists are turning to materials science as well.Metallurgy to materials science: Interface of sciences Metals and alloys mesh well with new found joy in materials sciences. Are we doing enough with metals and alloys for their new range of applications?Interface of Green Engineering processes Metals will not in the service of man if the processes are not rendered green and clean. Mankind ahs other alternatives. What is the foresight for those who process metals and alloysing for vi and alloys ° Metallurgy as a discipline is expanding building bridges with other frontier areas e While steel making adopts mature technologies, scope remains untapped to explore new frontiers e Energy and material efficient technologies e Break through innovations in metallurgy are needs of the hour Incremental innovations and linear expansion of scale can do for the time, but not for long Creating to break new paths is essentialsential menu for vi building e Non-linear and out of box thought processes e New brand of experts who observe beyond what others see, who know beyond what is known, who are not afraid of failing and fear not authority e Where are those experts who will write a new history for metallurgy before materials science consume the whole discipline? e Who is training those who create to break new paths?inds 0 world © Those who adapt and change with changes that occur in the perimeter © Those who will the change and change the core of diameter by sheer brilliance e Where are those Indians who will write the new chapter in metallurgy for new world of metals and alloys? Is there a balance in the vision of India on two axes of growth namely expansion and excellence? ° Let us invest in those Innovators who will create new paths in sustainable manner.Future belong to those who seek new paths Vision building for metallurgy and materials science for India rests on those who dare to think and lead and not follow the known paths