ScrapBook#15

05/04/2014
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Teachingrobotsrightfromwrong
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140509073929.htm

Summary
ResearchersareteamingwiththeU.S.Navytoexploretechnologythatwouldpavetheway
fordevelopingrobotscapableofmakingmoraldecisions.Scientistswillexplorethechallenges
ofinfusingautonomousrobotswithasenseforright,wrong,andtheconsequencesofboth.

Reasonitwaschosen
IchosethisbecauseitrelatesdirectlywithmyePapertopicaboutrobotics.Thesespecific
robotslearningrightfromwrongisaveryinterestingcasebecausemoralitywillbeadifficult
thingtowriteviaprogramming.

Ethicalimplications
Robotschoosingrightfromwrongcouldmeanthattheyaregettingevenclosertofree
thinking.Ifweprogramwhatiswrongandwhatisrightwiththemsettodoingthingsthatare
right,thatmeansthattherewillbeawaytoreverseengineerarobottodosomethingwrong.
Thatiswhereitcouldgetpotentiallydangeroustoallowrobotsinoureverydaylives.

Credibilityofsources

TuftsUniversity."Teachingrobotsrightfromwrong."ScienceDaily.ScienceDaily,9May2014.
<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140509073929.htm>.
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ScrapBook#14
04/27/2014
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CloudFlarelaunchesbugbountyprogram
http://www.infoworld.com/d/security/cloudflarelaunchesbugbountyprogram240945


Summary

CloudFlarestartedabugbountyprogramonMonday,joiningahostofcompaniesthat
areturningtoindependentsecurityresearcherstospotbugsintheirnetwork.

TheSanFranciscobasedcompanyrunsawidelyusedglobalcontentdeliverynetwork
thatkeepscopiesofwebsitesinvariousdatacentersinordertospeedloadingtimesandreduce
bandwidthusage.Italsoofferssecurityfeatures.

Reasonitwaschosen
Ichosethisarticlebecauseitgivesanewsortoflookintosocietysuchasopeningupand
invitingthepublictosearchforbugsand(hopefully)reportsaidbugs.Thisarticleisparticularly
optimistic,butthiscouldpotentiallybebadforCloudFlare.

Ethicalimplications
Whiletheremaybepeoplethatactuallysearchforbugsandreportthem,invitingpeople
likethatisjustbaitforahackertofindmorecriticalbugsandmaybesellthemontheblack
marketforfutureattacksonyoursystem.Isitethicaltoallowpeopletosearchforbugswhileit
couldleadtoattacksinthefuture?

Credibilityofsources

Sendnewstipsandcommentstojeremy_kirk@idg.com.FollowmeonTwitter:@jeremy_kirk
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ScrapBook#13
04/20/2014
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NetneutralityrulingcomplicatesU.S.transitiontoIP
networks
http://www.infoworld.com/d/theindustrystandard/netneutralityrulingcomplicatesustra
nsitionipnetworks240641

Summary
ThetransitionfromcopperbasedtelephonesystemstoIPnetworksintheU.S.couldbecome
sweptupinpoliticalfalloutastheFCCfiguresouthowtoregulatesuchnetworksinwaysthat
willappeasethecourts.


AswitchtoIPbasednetworkshasbeenprogressingforyearsintheU.S.,butaJanuary
rulingbytheU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaCircuitcallsintodoubttheFCC's
authorityinseveralareas,suchasprohibitingVoIPprovidersfromdegradingserviceorblocking
callsfromcompetingcarriers,andrequiringthemtoofferservicetoallcustomerswhowantit.

Reasonitwaschosen
Ijustwantedanotherarticlethatpointsouthowourowngovernmentalsystemissooutdatedit
isactuallykeepingusfromadvancingtechnologically.Stuckwithissuesthattakeyearstofigure
outwhenreallytheycouldbesolvedincoupleofshortweeks

Ethicalimplications
TheethicalimplicationsathandherethatwearepushingforNetNeutralityrulings,but
wedon'tseewhatthatdirectlyaffectsasaresult.Arewewillingtoallowthegovernmenttokeep
usbacktechnologicallywhiletheysayit'stoensurenetneutrality.

Credibilityofsources

ByGrantGross|IDGNewsService
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ScrapBook#12
04/13/2014
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Worldhitbyrecordwaveof'mega'databreachesin
2013
Summary

WhatdoTarget,AOL,LivingSocial,Evernote,andAdobehaveincommonwithoneanother?
Answer:theywereallvictimsofhugedatabreachesduring2013,partofaphenomenonthata
newSymantecreportcalcuateshasreachedepidemiclevels.

Accordingtothefirm'slatestInternetSecurityThreatReport(ISTR),such'mega'breachesare
onlythebestknownvictimsfromaspikenobodysawcomingafteraquiet2012.

Reasonitwaschosen

Ichosethisarticletoshinesomelightonthefactthatweputourpersonalinformationoutthere
thinkingitwillbeprotectedandsecurebutreallyitisonlysecureasthelatestpatchupdate.We
canonlyhopethatthesecurityisgoodenoughsothatanynewerahackerscan'tgetin.

Ethicalimplications
Theimplicationlieswithinthefactthatastechnologyadvancesbothsidesoftheinternet
doaswell.Hackersandsecurityprofesionalshavetostayontopofthegametokeepdoing
whatthey'redoing.Nowhackersworkontheirowntime,whilesecurityprofessionalsarepaid.

Credibilityofsources

ByJohnEDunn|Techworld
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ScrapBook#11
04/06/2014
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MozillaCEOEichresignsamidcontroversyover
oppositiontogaymarriage.
Summary
Thecompanyannouncedhisresignationonitsblogtodayinastatementsignedby
ExecutiveChairwomanMitchellBaker."Mozillapridesitselfonbeingheldtoadifferentstandard
and,thispastweek,wedidn'tliveuptoit.Weknowwhypeoplearehurtandangry,andtheyare
right:It'sbecausewehaven'tstayedtruetoourselves,"thestatementsaid."Wedidn'tactlike
you'dexpectMozillatoact.Wedidn'tmovefastenoughtoengagewithpeopleoncethe
controversystarted.We'resorry.Wemustdobetter."

Reasonitwaschosen
Ichosethisarticlebecauseitinvolvesinformationtechnologyandsocialrightsallinone.Also,
thefactthatisshowsjusthowfarcorporations,nonprofitincluded,arewillingtogotokeeptheir
goldenimageintheviewofthecommonpeople

Ethicalimplications
IchosethisarticlebecauseitbringsuptheEthicalImplicationofwhetherornotitsokay
tobeaCEOanbeopenaboutyourpersonalviews.50yearsagothiswouldnothavemattered
atall,butsincegaymarriagehasgainedsomemomentum,thisdonationfrom2008isbrought

upandthewholecompanyhastoapologizeandtheCEOhastoresigninordertokeeppublic
relationsalive.

Credibilityofsources

ZachMinerscoverssocialnetworking,searchandgeneraltechnologynewsforIDGNews
Service.FollowZachonTwitterat@zachminers.Zach'semailaddressis
zach_miners@idg.com
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ScrapBook#10
03/30/2014
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Worriedaboutthegovernment?Internetgiantsalso
snoopthoughyouremail
http://www.infoworld.com/d/security/worriedaboutthegovernmentinternetgiantsalso
snoopthroughyouremail238911

Summary
Securityprotectionshavebeentightenedatmanyofthemajoronlineservices,asfirmslike
GoogleandMicrosoftpledgetoprotecttheirusersagainstunwantedpryingeyes.Butwhile
manypeoplefretaboutunwarrantedgovernmentaccesstotheirdata,theInternetfirms
themselvesplaybytheirownsetofrules.

Reasonitwaschosen
Thisbringsupagoodpointthatwhilewearesosetonblamingthegovernmentforeverything,
weforgetthatthethreatmaybecomingfromothersourcessuchastheinternetgiantsweso
easilyplayinto.Whilethegovernmentisspyingonyoutoincreasesecurityofournation,these
corporationsarespyingonyoufortheirownpersonalgain.

Ethicalimplications
Inaworldwheretechnologyisbecomingmoreandmorethesocialnorm,howareweto
protectourselvesfrombeingtakenadvantageofbytheinternetsitesandgovernmentweare
forcedintolivein.Thissocietydoesnotallowthecommonindividualtoknowtheyare100%
secure.

Credibilityofsources

ZachMinerscoverssocialnetworking,searchandgeneraltechnologynewsforIDGNews
Service.FollowZachonTwitterat@zachminers.Zach'semailaddressis
zach_miners@idg.com
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ScrapBook#9
03/23/2014
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MonitoringandManipulatingBrainFunction:New
NeuroscienceTechnologiesandTheirEthical
Implications
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/3528418/full

Summary
NewdevelopingtechnologiesinNeurosciencehasallowedforincreasedefficiencyof
monitoringhumanbrainfunctionsandactivity.Toaddontotheethicalimplications,scientistsare
findingwaysofchemicaloranatomicalselectivitythatissufficienttoinducespecificfunctional
changes.Thesechangesarebeingusedtohelpoutindividualswithcertainneuraldeficiencies.

Reasonitwaschosen
IchosethisarticlebecauseIamveryinterestedinhowscienceisevolvingandadvancingto
takeonandfindsolutionstothingsevenasproblematicasNeuroscience.Theabilitytoactually
changebrainfunctionthroughscienceissuchabigdealinmyopinion,andwiththistechnology
intherighthandswewillbeabletoadvanceandevolveevenfaster.

Ethicalimplications
Thethoughtofchemicallyoranatomicallychanginghumanbrainfunctionfallsunderalot
ofethicalgreyarea.ItcouldstartashelpingoutindividualswithNeurologicaldeficiencies,butat
thesametime,thistechnologycouldbeusedtocompletelycontrolthatindividualbecausethe
scientistwouldbeabletocontrolthebrain.

Credibilityofsources
WileyOnlineLibrary
1. MarthaJ.Farah1and
2. PaulRootWolpe2

Articlefirstpublishedonline:6MAR2012

DOI:10.2307/3528418

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/3528418/full

nuerosciencearticle.pdf

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ScrapBook#8
03/16/2014
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NSA'sPlansreportedlyinvolveinfectingmillionsof
computerswithsurveillancemalware
http://www.infoworld.com/d/theindustrystandard/nsasplansreportedlyinvolveinfectin
gmillionsofcomputerssurveillancemalware238275

Summary
TheU.S.NationalSecurityAgencyhasreportedlybeenworkingforthepastseveralyearson
expandingitsabilitytoinfectcomputerswithsurveillancemalwareandcreatinga
commandandcontrolinfrastructurecapableofmanagingmillionsofcompromisedsystemsata
times.

Reasonitwaschosen
Ichosethisarticlebecausethisisjustdownrightscaryasanadultlivinginoursocietywecall
America.Ialsochosethisbecausesocietycoversupalotofwhattheydon'twantsocietyto
see.

Ethicalimplications

Thiswouldmeanthatwewilljustsacrificeourcomputersovertothegovernmentforthe
slightchancethattheymightcatchsomethingthatmightimproveoursecurityasanation.It
seemstomelikeagreatschemetokeeptabsonthepeople.

Credibilityofsources

ByLucianConstantin|IDGNewsService
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ScrapBook#7
03/09/2014
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Trackingwithmetadata:It'snotallBad
http://www.infoworld.com/d/businessintelligence/trackingmetadataitsnotallbad23783
4

Summary
Governmentspyingprogramshavegivenmetadataabadrap,buthumanrightsgroups
areusingittoverifytheauthenticityofeyewitnessfootage.Wittbitsofinformationlurkingbehind
ourphonecalls,photosandonlinechatscanbeusefulinotherswayifthey'reharnessed
properly.

Reasonitwaschosen
Ichosethisarticlebecauseitissheddinganewlightonthegovernmentalspyingprograms.
Whilemostanyonewhorespectstheirownprivacywouldsayotherwise,thisarticlebringsup
greatpointsonwhyitisapotentiallygoodthing.

Ethicalimplications
Theethicalimplicationsbroughtupbythisarticleincludethefactthatwearebeingokay
withthegovernmentspyingonusbecausewejustifyitwithsayingitishelpingwithotherthings.
While,itcouldbeagreatwaytoauthenticateeyewitnessesbetter,westillhavetothingofthe
parentingissuewhichisultimatelyprivacy.

Credibilityofsources

ZachMinerscoverssocialnetworking,searchandgeneraltechnologynewsforIDG
NewsService.FollowZachonTwitterat@zachminers.Zach'semailaddressis
zach_miners@idg.com

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ScrapBook#6
03/02/2014
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MostbutnotallsiteshavefixedHeartbleedflaw
http://www.infoworld.com/d/security/mostnotallsiteshavefixedheartbleedflaw240886

Summary
Theworld'stop1,000websiteshavebeenpatchedtoprotecttheirserversagainstthe
"Heartbleed"exploit,butupto2%ofthetopmillionwerestillvulnerableasoflastweek,
accordingtoaCaliforniasecurityfirm.

Reasonitwaschosen
Ichosethisarticlebecauseasaninternetuser,IfeelthatallsitesIwillbeusingona
regularbasisshouldhaveprotectionfromsuchbugsastheHeartbleed.Thisarticlewarns
againstthepotentialthreatsthingssuchastheHeartbleedcouldhaveonsociety.

Ethicalimplications
ThisflawinOpenSSLprovesthatflawsareinevitablewhenitcomestoprogramming
anddatabases.Isitstillasmartideatoputourfaithinthiswebsiteandshareourpersonal
informationsuchasbankingandsocialsecuritynumbers.?

Credibilityofsources

GreggKeizercoversMicrosoft,securityissues,Apple,Webbrowsersandgeneraltechnology
breakingnewsforComputerworld.FollowGreggonTwitterat@gkeizer,onGoogle+or
subscribetoGregg'sRSSfeed.Hisemailaddressisgkeizer@computerworld.com.
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ScrapBook#5
02/23/2014
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'Friendly'robotscouldallowformorerealistic
humanandroidrelationships
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140206082401.htm

Advancementsinroboticsareallowingscientiststobetterunderstandhowtodeveloplongterm
relationshipsbetweenhumansandandroids.Scientistshavetotakewhattheyknowfrom
humantohumanlongtermrelationshipsandseehowtheycanengineertheirrobotstotakeon
certainaspectsofhumanemotion.Creatingcognitivebiaseswithintherobotswillallowthemto
bemorelikehumans,butthatisessentiallymakingrobotsthatarepurposefullyimperfect.
Differentpersonalitiesandcharactersiticswillbegiventorobotstohelpthembetterconnectwith
theuser.

IchosethisarticlebecauseIamveryinterestedinhowthefutureofHumanComputer
interactionisgoingtoturnout.Robotics,ifusedcorrectly,couldbringsomuchpotential
advancementstotheworldasweknowit.Atthesametime,wemusttakethewarningprovided
bymanyauthorsandscientiststhatifarobotisgiventoomuchhumanlikequalities,things
couldbegintogetbad.

WhilethethoughtofhavingRobotswithfeelingsandemotionsisquiteunsettling,therearemany
implicationsthatshowhowtheserobotsareabletobetterservethepurposetheywereoriginally
madefor.Servicerobotssuchasonesmadetohelpchildrenwhohaveautismneedtobeable
toadaptemotionallytothesituationaswellasprovidealonglastingrelationshipfeelbyhaving
itsownuniquecharacteristicsandpersonalitytraitsthattheusercanconnectwith.Isitokayto
startgivingtheserobotscharacteristicsandpersonalitytraitseventhoughweknowthatisis
essentiallymakingtherobotimperfectandmorehumanlike?

ThesourceusedwasderivedfromtheUniversityofLincoln.ThisUnitedKingdomSchoolsisa
schoolontheforefrontoftechnologicaladvancementsinrobotics.
UniversityofLincoln."'Friendly'robotscouldallowformorerealistichumanandroid
relationships."ScienceDaily.ScienceDaily,6February2014.
<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140206082401.htm>.

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ScrapBook#4
02/16/2014
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Google'sselfdrivingcarsarecruisingthrough
neighborhoods
http://www.infoworld.com/d/consumerizationofit/googlesselfdrivingcarsarecruising
throughneighborhoods241468

Summary
Googlehasbeentestingitsselfdrivingcars,whichitcalls"autonomous
vehicles,"onthefreewaysofnortherCaliforniaearitsheadquartersinMountainView.
Butoverthepastyear,thecompanyhasshifteditsfocustomorecomplicatedand
potentiallydangerous,terrain:citystreets.

Reasonitwaschosen
IchosethisarticlebecauselivinginCaliforniameansthatImaysoonbedrivingalongside
autonomousvehiclescontrolledbyGoogleheadquarters.Thiscouldleadtopotentially
dangeroussituationstakenonbytheGooglecorporation.

Ethicalimplications
Theethicalimplicationsthatarebroughtupinthisarticleincludeifwearewillingtotrust
autonomousvehicleswithbeingallowedtotraversethecitystreetsofametropolis.Whileone
wouldsaythisisadangerous,maybeanotherpersonwouldarguethatautonomousvehicles
mayalotsaferbecausethereisnoroomforerrorinprogramming,whileahumanisstricken
witherrorsdaily.

Credibilityofsources

ZachMinerscoverssocialnetworking,searchandgeneraltechnologynewsforIDGNews
Service.FollowZachonTwitterat@zachminers.Zach'semailaddressis
zach_miners@idg.com
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ScrapBook#3
02/09/2014
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FacebookOffersALookBackVideos
http://www.macsources.com/weektechnewsfeb92014/

Summary
Facebookhasintroducedthenew"ALookBack"videothatcreatesa1minutevideoand
looksbackovertheuser'slifetimeonFacebook.AfathercreatedavideopleadirectedatMark
Zuckerburg,hopingtogainaccesstohisdeceasedson'sFacebookpageonFeb5.

Reasonitwaschosen
IchosethisarticlebecauseFacebookhasbecomeadaytodaythingformanypeoplein
oursociety.UsuallyFacebookdeletesdeceasedmemberspages,butZuckerburgmay
reconsiderthepolicyafterthevideothatthefatherhadsent.

Ethicalimplications
TheethicalimplicationsathandinthisparticulararticleisthattheFacebookfounderhas
todecideonwhetherornottochangethealreadypublishedpolicesoffacebookduetoone
man'splea.Andifitisethicaltogiveaccesstowhatshouldbesomeone'sownprivatespace.
Evenifitistothefamilymembersofthedeceased,whoistosaythatthespecificindividual
wouldwanttheirparentsorfamilymemberstoseewhattheyhadonfacebook?

Credibilityofsources

Author:Robyn

Iamanexperiencedmarketingprofessional
andpublishednovelist.I'malsoanavidmoviefanandAppleenthusiast.
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ScrapBook#2
02/02/2014
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TheFutureofMedicineLiesintheuseofInformation
Technology
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/20140502/news/49578377_1_healthdatatri
corderazoi

Summary
Thisarticleisabouthowinformationtechnologywillbetheforefrontofadvancementsin
healthcareinthenearfuture."Justasourbathroomscalesgiveusinstantreadingsofour
weight,oursmartphonetricorderswillmonitorourhealthandwarnuswhenweareabouttoget
sick."Thearticlethengoesontoexplainthat"Ourdoctorortheirartificialintelligence
replacementswillprescribemedicinesorlifestylechangesbasedonourfullmedicalhistory
andgeneticcomposition."

Reasonitwaschosen
Ichosethisarticlebecauseitisinterestingtomeforadvancementsininformationtechnology
couldhavesuchahugeaffectonthehealthcaresystem.Withtheabilitytogetaccurate
readingsofone'sownhealth,theindividualcanbettertakecareofthemselves.

Ethicalimplications
Thisisabiginvasionofprivacyifthesoftwareusedtokeeptrackofyourhealthprojects
thereadingsintoageneraldatabase.Peoplecouldhackthisdatabaseandlearnwhenpeople
areattheirmostvulnerable.Iknowthissoundsabitfarfetchedbuthavingsoftwarethatknows
exactlywhat

Credibilityofsources
(TheauthorisalsoafellowatStanfordLawSchool.YoucanfollowhimonTwitter:@wadhwaand
visithiswebsite:www.wadhwa.com)

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ScrapBook#1
01/26/2014
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VideoGaming:PlayingwithEthics
UnavoidableEthicalQuestionsAboutVideoGaming

http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submitted/videogames.html

Summary
Thisarticlecoversthemanydifferentethicalperspectivesontheworldofvideogamesand
thecultureofindividualsthatplayvideogames(Gamers).Gamedevelopersandthegame
industryingeneralarguethatvideogamesareinfactmoresuccessfulinteachingtheuser
specificknowledgethanthegeneraleducationcoursesthatattempttoteachthesameexact
subject.Thisarticlealsocoversvideogameethicsinasenseoffairness,genderneutrality,and
timemanagement.

Reasonitwaschosen
Ichosethisarticlebecauseasagamerwhoisinterestedinacareerthatisclosely
relatedtovideogamesthisarticlestoodoutasarelevantpieceofknowledgetolearn.Ireally
enjoyreadingNonGamersideasandargumentsagainstvideogames,andaswellasthe
rebuttalsthatgamedevelopersandavidvideogameplayershavetosayaboutthearguments.

Ethicalimplications
Everydaymoreandmorepeoplearejoiningthe"gamer"lifestyle.Gamesareonly
beginningtodevelopintolearningmodulesandveryefficientwaysoflearning.Atthesametime,
Videogamesarestillbeingmadeintothegamesweknowsowellwheretheonlyobjectivein
mostistouseyourlethalweapontokillyouropponent.Inmyopinion,videogameusage
completelydependsontheindividual.Weshouldnotputregulationsonthegamingindustry
becauseweallshouldhavetherighttospendourlifedoingwhateverweplease.Ifvideogames
makeushappy,whoistosayweshouldnotplaythemandaffectourhappiness?

Credibilityofsources
SantaClaraUniversity
ThislistofquestionswaspreparedbytheMarkkulaCenterforAppliedEthicsforapresentation
Nov.29,2005,inconjunctionwiththe"GameOn"exhibitattheTechMuseumofInnovation,
SanJose,Calif.