META~YXIKH

BIBAI09HKH

HELEN ALEX DALLAS

nAPE OMENA
THr En IBlorEor
ErXEIPlillON

ErKPI6EN

vno

TH!

I\ONalNEfoy nNEYMATI~TIKH~ ENn~En~

E::OVl:IOdOTHMENH

r.

a.

META<l>PAl:ll:

XPI~TOaOy I\AKH

TI EINAI EmBIQ~I~; Tl npE~

BEYEI 0 nNEYMATl~MO~; ElNAI
TA nEI~THPlA TOY I~XYPA; ElNAI nEP\TTO~; nQ~ ~XETlZE
TAl ME THN ePH~KEIAN; Tl
EINAI aIAME~OTH~; TI EINAI
nNEYMA; TI ElNAI npO~Qnl
KOTH~ ; TI
EINAI TO METAeANA TION MEAAON; Tl ElNAI
H t.YNAMl~ TH~ ~KE'f'E.Q~:

Tvnolx:

EN

!. 4l0TIAll.OV AeHNAI~

XOIIONOl: 99

1939

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DINA:=: nEPIEXQMENQN

XeA"r;
ElaayroY7J 1;oii Me.,;acpgaa.,;oii
TI. lIgea!JeveL 0 lIvev/-Laua/-Lor; ;
ElvaL .,;a lIeLanjguJ. 1;OV 'laxvga ;
ElvaL

I
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lIe~LnOt;

T" elvaL LlLa/-Leao";l1r; ;

T" elvaL lIveii/-La;

T" elvaL 'E:nL!JiroaLr;;
T" elvaL lIgoaro:nL"o";l1r;;
T" elvaL";o Me1;a'!9>avanov Me,U,ov ;
T" elvaL 'Ii. LlVVa-/-LLr; .,;7ir; X"e1peror;;
Aeyovv 1;a lIvev/-La.,;a .,;ino.,;e 'to veo1i ;
lIifJr; axe.,;i[.e.,;aL 0 lIvev/-Lana/-LOr; /-LE: 1;7JV @gl1a"eiav;
ElvaL 0 lIvev/-Lana/-Lor; 1;0 lIgooi/-LLOV ";fjr; @gl1a"elar; ;
lIoia 'Ii 8V ";Q) "AAAQ> Koaw~ Xvy"o/-Luhj /-Lar;;
Elva, 0 lIvev/-Lana/-LOr; 'E:nL"ivcJvvor;;
lIoia, at 'Ynoxgewae,r; 1;ii)V lIvev/-Lana.,;ii)v;

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26
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TOY

METACI>PA~TOY

Ete; TO TEOXOe; TOO nOpEA8ovwe; 'AnplAlou TOO Philosophy, E'TttOTH.lOU OEA TlOU TOO BPETOVVLKOO '!VanTOUTOU Tfie;
<l>LAOaOcp(Oe;, 0 Dr Broad, Ko8TjYTjTT']e; Tfie; 'H8lKfie; <l>LAoaocp(oe; Ete; TO nOVEmaTT]flLOV Tfie; Cambridge, nEpo(VEL EVo
ap8pov TOU, uno TOV'rlTAOV At axeaet~ 'Ema'nJI-'7]~ "at.
e@7]a"ela~, we; EE,fi~ :
To aVl-'neQaal-'a I-'OV elvat, on dta ";0 "vQtOV .,;oii.,;o
aOVl-'a .,;ii~ {}Q7]a"ela~ (";7Jv sm{Jlooaw) " 1J'vxt"7J "EQVva
elva, 0 I-' 0 v 0 ~ dovQeto~ ;:nno~ SV .,;oov nAatalcp .,;oov snta";7]I-'OOV "at. on l-'aAta.,;a elvat m{}avov va anodetX{}fj 0 TQooi"o~ .,;o,oii.,;o~ .. ,

.,;oov I-'van",a.,;,,,oov cpaw0l-'evoov el~

nav.,;a XQovov "at. .,;onov "at. at ol-'oto";7].,;e~, at avvavu0l-'evat el~ .,;a~ acp7]V"aet~ .,;oaoov I-'van"ona{}oov "a{}' OA7]V ";7J1'
ol"ovl-'v7]v, naQova,a~ov.,;a, el~ ~I-'e w~ Eva anovdaiov vevovo~. 'E" nQonrw lf1peoo~, av.,;o el-'cpalve on vnaQXe, I-'la
nAevQa .,;ii~ nQaVl-'a";,,o";7]";o~, Tii~ onola~ ecpan.,;o'V.,;a, at
.,;otoii.,;ot aV{}Qoono "a.,;a .,;a~ I-'van"a~ .,;oov ewne'Qla~. *
At we; avw 060 5T]AWaEle; TOO Ko8TjYl1TOC Broad dVal
KO-r' EE,OXT]V Ev5wcpEpOuaat, 5LOTI: EK Tfie; npwTTje; auvaYE-rOl on aAAT]V !..LlOV cpopav aK6!..LTj Evoe; auyxpovoe;, aAAa
Koi aUYXPovlaflEVOe;, E'TtLa-rli!lwv OAWe; aVEYVWPW!..LEVOU KWpoue; otv 5wTal;EL va 5TjAwan o:vocpov50v, on KOT' ooalov
npoaXwpEl Ete; -rT]v XOPElOV -rWV O:Ko5Tj!l0'(KWV unEp!laxwv
-rfie; nElp0!l0nKfie;' MEW\jJUXLKfle;' EK Tfie; 5WTEpOe;, ~hl 6
Dr Broad aU!lcpwvEl !lETa TOO nOAAOO \jJuxoMyou Ko8TjYTj-roO William James ** on ot EKaTonKoi Tl !luanKtaUKoi EKOTjAWaELe; TWV OlO<t>OPWV AOWV, Ta KOLVwe; AEY0!lEVO ~au!la
alO CPOlV0!..LEVO, noO unoTl8EVLal on !..L0VOV EnL'TtOAal;ouy
Koi ma-rEUOY-rOL !..LETOl;u TWV o:natBELrrwv Kol TWV o:nAO'(KWY,

"H

"a{}o).t"onl~

(*) Light May 18,

~**r' The Varieties
Of-A.

525.

1939 Of-f.., 312.

of Re!!g!l)us ExPerience, London, 1925,

-6EIVaL yv~ola YEYOVO'W EI-l<!>alvoVTa on ~ o:vepwnoT11~

ouva-

Tcn VO: Enll<Olvwvfj flE fllav flEyaAELTEpaV npaYl-laTlKoT11Ta,

TO: nEVTE TOfllOta Tfj~ OElPO:<;: TauT11<;: npaYflaTEuoVTal
m:pt Ota<!>opwv nAEup~v Tfj<;: nElpal-laTlKfj~ METaljJUXlKfj~,
aAAw<;: nElpal-ianKoO nVEUl-lanoflOO, Kae0J~ onouool.;;ETal
l<OTO: TOU~ 011flEPl vou~ xpovou~ flaC;, KUPlw~ EtnElV ono
Tfj~ vEwTEpa<;: ~1-l<!>avloEw<;: Tfj~ KlV~OEW~ TauT11~,

n onola

npaKTtKWC; oUflnlnTEl flE TO: nElpoflaTa TOO Crookes, op~o

flEva TO 1871.
'AAAO, Kae0JC;

EAEXeTJ,

TO:

unEpKOOllla

<!>aLV0I-lEVa

ouvaVTWVTal OTIapOAAaKTa Etc; TQ: XPOVlKO: nOD'TJ~ ETIOxfj<;:

Kat noo11C; xcilpa<;:, np6c; npOXELpOV

OE o:nooElt;l v TOO toxu-

PWI-I00 TOUTOU, Cl:C; flO:C; E11lTpanfj yO: napaeEOWI-IEV, OlK11V

napa5ELYflaTOC;, OA(ya TlVO: nEptOTaTlKO: ovaY0I-lEVa
Ola<!>opouc;

[OTOPlKO:~

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nEplOOOUC;,

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TO:

EtC;

onoLo TO nAELOTOV

flV11flElcil011

ouyypa<!>ilv tOO

C, de Vesme:*

"Evac; AtYUTInaKOC; nonupoc; TfjC; E' ~uvaoTEla~,

ow-

TTJPOUflEVOC; Etc; Leyden, o:va<!>EpEL OTt KaTIOlOC; xfjpo~, O:OeEv~oa<;:, KaTE<!>UYEV Etc; Eva floyoV Oto: yO: EpWT~On TOV AOyOV

Tfj<;: O:OeEVElac; TOU' 0 I-loyo<;: o:n~vT11oEV EtC;

alhov, OTt

~TO

EPYOV TfjC; o:noeavouo11<;: oul.;;uyou TOU, ~ ono(a EnVEE flEYEa EvaVTlOV TOU Kat TOV Et;EOLKElTO.

:0

oul.;;uyoC; A01110V

yP0<l>EL EmOTOAr'jv npoc; n'lv lj!UXr'jv TfjC; flaKaplnooc; 'AI-IXEp

TOU, EKAlnapwv aUTr'jv yO: TOV Aun11efj, WC; O:OlKWC; nO:oXOVTa,
Kat VO: ,OV AEpanEUOn'

TaUTOXpoVWC; Tfj unEv8u~1l.;;Et,

OTt

d<;: ~v nEplnTCuaLV C:S'.a<!>op~on yO: Enavop8cil0n TO EtC; aUTOV

TOlOUTOTponw~ npooylvoflEVC.,' o:oLKTJl-la,

EKELVO~

80:

n'lv

EvoE,n ~flEpav Tlvo: .Evcil11l0V TOO O:OEK:"::-TOU KPLT11ploU TOG

'OOlPlOO<;: Kat ~'E11l0TOAr'j EKE1V11 ~eEAE XP~OLI-lEU0;::~ WC; nElOT~pLOV. "

nf;flEVE Tcilpa ~ En(5oOlC; TOG V0l-llKOO

<l>0U.

aUTOO EYYPO-

'EAAEllj!El XeOvlc.uv KA11T~PWV, 0 oul.;;UYO~-KaTa

OUOT11fla,

KOlVWC;

EV E<I>aPfloyfj

TOTE

EV

Atyumcp

(*) Histoire du Spiritualisme Experimental, Paris, 1928.

TO
OlO:

-7,
Li]V flETaf3[f3aOLV ~llvul-l(:'xTC')v ana TOlnou TOO KOO~OU Ete;
TO unEpnEpaV-EOWE Ti]v ETILOTOAi]V Enavw Ete; Eva E'(OWAOV Tfi<; YUVaLKO<; TOU, noD EUp[OKETO nAllO[oV Tfi<; ~ou
l1La<; Tll<;. 'H ~ETaOTaOa OEV ~5uvaTo napa va Aaf311 YVWOlV TOO npaY~ctto<;, olon TO ~fjvu~a 8a Tn napE5[5ETO
~a~t ~E Ta TaKTLKa ETILTacpLa cpaYllTa T11<; Kat Ta<; rrpooEUXa<; TWV OlKEtWv Tll<;. *
nVI'UjlotTlaTutc,v 6ftlUa615tov 't"ou llou otic;ivoS ft. X.

Kat ~Pc.0TllOEV 6 :LaouA TOV KUPLOV, aAA' 6 KupLo<;

OEV anEKp[S11 npo<; alnov, OUTE OL' EvunVlWV, OUTE 5La TOO
Oup[~, OUTE 5La npocpllTwv. TOTE ElTI:EV 6 :LaouA npoe; TOUe;
50UAOU<; aUToO, Z11TfjoaTE ~OL yuvaTKa Exouoav nVEO~a
~avtEia<;, 5La va unayw npo<; aUTilv Kat va Epwn;ow auTilv. Kai Ol OOOAOl aUTOO Elnov npoe; aUTOV, 'Ioou, ElVaL Ere;
'Ev5wp yuvfj n<; Exouoa nVEO~a ~avTElae;.
Kat ~ETEOXll~a't[oST] 6 :LaouA, Kat EVE56Sn aAAa l~a, na Kat 6nfiYEv aUT6e;, Kai 5uo avopE<; ~ET aUtoO, Kat
~ASOV npoe; Tilv yuvaTKa eHa VUKT6<; Kat ElnE, MaVTeuoov, napaKaAW, Et<; E~E Ola TOO nVEu~aTO<; Tfie; ~aVTE(ae;
1<a1 avaf3tf3aoov ~Ol aVTlva OOl E'lnw.-Kai ElnEV ~ yuvil
npoe; aUtOv, 'Ioou, OU ~c,EUpELe; aoa EKa~Ev 6 :LaouA, Ttvl
Tponcp EC,WA68peuOE TOU<; ExovTae; nVEO~a ~aVTE[a<; Kat
LOue; ~ayou<; EK TOO TOnou OlaTi AOlnov ou naYL5Euw;
Ti]V l:wi]v ~ou Ola va ~E 8aVaTc.00WOl ; - Kai W~OOE npoe;
aUTl'lv 6 :LaouA Et<; 'tOV KupLov, Atywv, Zn Kuplo<;, OEV SEAEl OOl oUllf3fi OUOEV KaKOV Ola TOOTO.
TOTE dnEv ~ yuvfJ, Ttva va ooi avaf3lf3aow ; -Kat
EtnE, Tov :La~ou"A avaf3tf3aoov llOl.- Kat OTE EtOEV ~ yuvi] toV :Lafloui)A, Ef30110E ~ETa cpwvfic; ~EyaAT]e; Kai ElnEV
1) yuvil npo<; TOV :LaouA, AEyouoa, LllaTi ~E ~naTT]Oae; ;
1<at ou ElOaL 6 :LaQuA. - Kat ElnE npoe; aUTi]v 6 f3aolAEue;,
Mi] cpof300 Ti E15EC; AOLnOV; - Kai dnEv Ii yuvi] npoe; TOV
L:aoUA, 8EOUC; E100v ava[3a[vovtae; EK Tfie; yfic;. - Kat EtnE
(*) Voenig: Leipzieger Tageblatt, 25 November 1888. BAE1tE
TtOAAa<; Of.lolex<; 1tEplTt1:wdEl<; Maspero: Etudes Egyptol. vol.
I, p 145 et suiv- Ermann: La Religion Egyptienne, p 171 etc.
~Au"t. 231).'

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-ro q>CxO'~o EVOe; TIEAl5voO KOl OTIOTPOTIOlOU YEpOVTOe;, flE
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OAlyoe; O'Tl Yflae; Koi O'UVEXlSEL tTJV YP oq>r'] V, KOtOm v 5E
O'T]K@VEtOl KOl CxKOAou8El TO q>CxO'flO. "OTOV Eq>8aO'ov Ete;
-rTJv oUAi]V Tfie; OLKlOe;, T] floPq>i] CxKOPLOlC0C; E~oq>aVlsEwl
fmo TC:JV 6q>80AflC:JV TO') KOl EKElVOe; O'TIEu5El va O'T]~El@O'n
TO flEpOe; TOO ~oq>OVLO'flOO flE xopw Kal q>UAAo. Tt')v OUPLOV, TIOpOUO'lo0'8Ele; Etc; Tae; , ApxCxe;, ST]TEl TIOP' OUTC:JV va
. f>LotCx~ouv EpEUVOe; Ete; TOV UTI05ELX8EVTO TOTIOV. T0 OVTL
aVOKOAUTITELOl EKEl O'KEAEtOe; CxAUO'lOETOe;, TOV aTIOlOV
TotE E80ljJov flE tOUe; VEVOfllO'!lEVOUe; TUTIOUe;, EKTOTE BE
6 flETOO',ae; ETIOUO'!i va 5l0TOpCxO'O'n TTJV nO'UXlCXV Tfie; EV
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KOl [5ou, Eq>CxVT]O'ov E[e; OUTOue; MC0ij::Jfie; KOl 'HAlOe; O'UA"AoAoOVTEe; flET' OUTOO. ' ATIOKpl8Ele; 5E a nE1POe;, dTIE TIpOe;
TOV 'IT]O'oOv, KuplE, KoMv elVOL va E'lflE80 5(,)' EOV 8EAne;,
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EKUtj!lE KaTO: rrpOocultOV etc; TtiV yfjv, Kat ltPOOEKUVTlOEV.
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SEOC; o:rrEflaKpuvSTl o:rr' EflOO, Kat OEV flot o:rroKp(vETaL
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OE EKOAEoa OLO: yO: <l>avEpc00nc; Etc; EflE 'Tt yO: KOflcu. - TOTE
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KaVOVLKWC;. 'HflEpav TLvo: 6 rrol1']Titc; EltPOKElTO yO: E1TlXElpilon SaAOOOlOV Tat;E[OlOV, aTE \3AErreL KOT' ovap 'TOV ayvcuOTOV VEKPOV, 6 6rroloc; TOV ltPOEl50ltOLEl yO: fl" ETrL\3l\3aoSfi
TOO ltAO[OU EKE(VOU. '0 ~lflcuv[5TlC; OUVEfloPcJ>c0ST] Kat 5EY
o:vEXc0PTloEV, Ii Et;EAlt;lC;' oE TWV ltPOYflOTCUV E5LKalcuoE 'To
OYElpOV, OLon TO rrAOIOV EvauoYT]OE Kat KaTEltOnioST}
exu'Tav5pov. *
(*) KlKEpwv : De Divinatione XXIII. BA-E'TtE wool> [We; KEIJ>.

I Z7 - nA,"J. VI! 53 - Ao'.:y.: E P :.t 6 t til 0 C; - tHOY. J\OEPT:

B(0 l
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'A X 0 t K 0 1 - - Heinrich:
'E'Tt l II E vi 0 'l e;. (AUT. 340).

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I1
(

(*) Aut, 354,

De Anima. 2 Super Auctorem Spherae Summa Creaturis,

De Mirabile Potestate Artis et ~aturae, 5 Theologia Platonic a
de Animarum Immortalitate, 6 nEpi ALKa:OtlKfj<; 'AOTpOAoy[a:<;
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(1644).9 'Errla11e;, EXO~EV Ta vEC:nEpa <l>aLVOiJEVa TOO Dr
Swedenborg (1688-1770) '0. TO: Tfje; otKoYEvElae; Wesley EV
ETa 1716' 11 ta TOO KaS. Dr lung Stilling (1749-1817)' 12 Ta
tolO Dr Justinus Kerner (1786-1862)' 13 TO: TOO Dr Andrew'
jackson DaTis (1825-1910)' 14 woautc.:>e; Tae; on~ooLw8El
aae; EE,LoTop~OEle; o11~ac.:>oc>v tL vc.:>V 11EpmtWoEc.:>v, we; tfje;
Tedworth, Maine, Bealing, Bishop Wearmuth, Kat tfje; vrro
TOO aotpOvoflou Arago rrpoaaxSE1011e; Evwmov Tfje; r aAAlKfje;
'AKao11~lae; f:.V ETa 1846.
nEpi tOO EV AOYCfJ apxl'aoO E11El00010U TOO NEc.:>tEpOU
nVw~atlo!-loO, 11apa8Eto~EV Ta eE,fje; : 'H olKla, 0110U EAa(3ov xwpav to: <l>aLVoiJEva, Evp[aKEtaL de; TijV rroAlv Hydesville Tfje; KO~11Tdae; Wayne tfje; rroAlTElae; NEae; 'Yop.
K11e;. MEtaE,u 18434 de; TijV olKlav EKElVnV KatcpK11oE'TO
OTEKVOV SEOyoe; Bell, !-last Tc.:>V oE E!-lEVE Kat T] ~te; J\OUKP11Tta Pulver' autij AOLTtOV arro tlVOe; KaLPOO ~PXLOE va aKOUn
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"TOU Kat ouo 8uyatEpae;, TijV OEKanEVtaETlOa Margaret Kat
tt'JV oc.:>oEKaEtlOa Katie, Kat rrEpt Ta tEAT] MapTtOU
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TIOAU taAaLrrc.:>pfJan Kat

Occulta Philosophia. 8 Philosophia Sagaz. "De Magnetica Vulnerum Curatione. 10 Heaven and Hell-Arcana Coelestia. 11 Me.
moirs of the Wesley Family Lmo Adam Clark, LL.D., F.A.S.
London 1846. 12 Theory of Pneumatology. 13 Die Seherin von
Prevorst: Eri:iffnungen iiber das innere Leben des Menschen und
iiber des Hereinragen einer Geisterwelt in die U nsere, 1829. 14 The
Principles of Nature, Her Divine Revelations and a Voice to
Mankind, 1845.
7

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TOO NEWTtpOU nVEUflanofloO. ** Tq:, ovn, rrOAAot EI; EKE['(*) AETITOflEpEO''lan1 EK8EO'le; 'loG EV AOY02 lOla~ovTCile; EVOlOCjlEpO\1TOe; 'ITElpaflo:nO'floi) Ka8we; Kal H7)v 'ITEPlEPYCilV O'UV8Y]KWV, (>'ITO
'tae; O'ITOLae; OlE'ITl0''lw8Y]O'av 'ta Ol' aUToG eXCjllX8EV'lO: fly]vufla'la,
'Eupy]'lal Ele; 'l0 Modern Spiritualism etc (>TIO F. W. Capron,
Boston Kal New York 1855. BAE'ITE ETILO'Y]e; Man's Survival After
DeaHl" l>TIO C.L.Tweedale, London 1931' E~EAAY]Vl0'8EV, 'A8~val 1939.
(**) lilE'tUTIC.08Y] ~ EVO''laO'le;, on Eva KaKouPYy]fla 'loO'ov O'WYEPOV OEV E'ITPE'ITE va EIXE XPY]O'lflO'ITOlY]8fi'ITpOe; EYKO:lv[aO'lv fll6:e;
flEyaAr,c; 'ITVEl'flanK~e; eX'ITOKaAuljJECile;. '0 alo. C. L. Tweedale (~mav
'l~, G-;, vi alalUTI~VOVlEe; 'IT]v EVO''laO'lv 'lau'lY]v npETIEl va Ev8uflC0V'!:'';,l on 1:va OAAO KaKoupYY]fla <hOflY] fllapW'lEpOV, we; ELVat
ij TIpOoo0[a Kal 8CXVa'lCilO'le; lOG XptO''loG, ELXEV E'ITLO'Y]e; XPY]O'lflo'ITolY]8fj olix 'IT]v ljla'IYEp&)O'lV 'l~e; I;Cil~e; Kal eXCjl8o:pO'[ae;.

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T[EPl<\>iJ!lOU T[AEOV olKoYEvELoe; Fox, OVEKoAum:ov, (hov ErrEOTpE<\>OV Ele; TO: '(Ello, on K01 EKEtVOl Eixov Tl'jV rropoooE,ov
t5l6n]TO yO: ~AErrouv t] OK060uv !lUOTTlPl@Oll ct>aLV6!lEVO.
MOAlOtO, ~ Tl'jV oloorropo:v 060 8UYOTEPCVV t~e; OlKOYEvEloe; Fox, 01 !luOtllPlw5Ele; Kp6tOl E,EollA@vovtO 6rrou5f]'!tOTE !lEtE~OlVOV OUtOl, K01 ~E" ou rroA0 6 rrVEU~OnOtlKOe;
'!tElpoflono~Oe; EiXEV El0060n Ele; OAO to: KOlVCVVlKO: Otp@~OtO tCi>v 'Hv. nOAltElCi>v : 6 lEpouolooTl'je; K01 6lolK11tl'je;
tfje; nOAl tELoe; Wisconsin N. Tallmadge, 6 6l1tAcvflOTlle;
Robert Dale Owen, 6 'Apwrroy(t11e; Edmunds, 6 OLOKEKPl'~EVOe; ~UVtOKTlle; t~e; New York Tribune T. Greeley, 6 K08.
't~e; Xll~Eloe; J. ]. Mapes, 6 K08. tfje; Xll~Eloe; Robert Hare,
oUtOe; OUtOe; 6 Ilp6E5poe; t~e; 611~oKpotLOe; 'A~poo:~ Mv1<OAV ~oov EK t~e; rrA11860e; tCi>v oloVOOUflEVCVV, Ol 6rrolol
urrEOt1100V tl'jv Err(5paolV outOO. 'H E<\>1l~Ep1e; New Haven
Journal, tEOxOe; 'OKtCV~p(ou 1850, ovact>EpEl f>la~wlKO: <\>Olv6flEVO Ete; 7 ola<\>6poue; otKoYEvElae; EV Bridgeport, Ete;
40 ola<\>6poue; OlKoYEvElae; EV Rochester, Auburn, Syracuse, Ele; 200 5la<\>6poue; otKoYEvElae; EV New Jersey, Ohio
Kat OAAOXOO rrpoe; to EOCVtEPlK6v ~oa6tcve;, OAAae; EV
Hartford,~ Springfield, Charlestown KA rr.
90: opKw8Ci>flEV Evta08a Ete; TO: ~e; avcv OtOlXEla,
rrErrELO~EVOl on EiVOl Ka8' tauto: OPKEtO: yO: E~T[EOWOOUV
TOV lOXUpLO~6v, ott Ti aAUOle; tCi>v ~Etal\lUXlKCi>v q>alvoflEVCVV ElVOl 05l0KorrOe; Ka8' OAOV tOY poOv t~e; o:v8pcvrr(Vlle;
lOtop(ae;. 6lO: tOV ~OUA6~EVOV yO: E~~a86vn rrEPlOa6tEPOV
Ete; Tl'jV lotOPLKl'jv oE,[OV toO 8tflatOe;, Ti OXEtlKl'j <\>LAOAOy(o EivOL 0xavDe;.
M6vov Eva oll!lEloV VOflll:oflEV, on Eival oK6flll ovayKalOV yO: 8[E,CV~EV, ~youv KOto: rr600v OlKOl06flE8a yO: EmKOAW8Ci>flEV to: EuaYYEAlKO: Kat EV YEVEl O:YLoypact>lKO:
ErrELo6ola ~e; Kat' OUO[OV rropOAA11AO tCi>v lmo t~e; KOOflLK~e; lOtOp[oe; OVO<\>EPOflEVCVV. '0 at5. C. L. Tweedale
F. R. A. S. * urroOt11P(l:El on ~6vov KOto: tov ~08~ov rrpt(*) .,Tdt ~l1jle;pwdt OVE"'llOtt"l:lt"lxdt c1JxwojlcOVOt xOti Otl 'ExXAllaiOClD 'A9fjvOl 1939.

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ypaflflEvov : 2711J,eia lie $oi~ :nHneVC100t $aiha :naQa"oAov~
1hfC1ec * Kat TCOAlV : ' AI"'1]V, awnv Aevco VI"iv, 0 :ntC1.,;eVcov el~

tl"e 1Jd tQVa a tvw :nOto) "a"elvo~ :nOt'1]C1et "at, I"el~ova $OV-$COV :n("t'1]C1et ** 6 oE naGAoe; 311AOl flE oaq>i]vElav, flTJ E'TtlTpETCouoav Ka~~(av TIapav011aL v 11 oLaoTp0<!>i]V, El v"Qol
ou" tveigov$at, oulli XgtC1$O~ tV'1]veg$at ***, TouTEonv, KOSE
vEKpOe; OVlOtataL, KaSw; 6 XplOTOe;, Kat sfr ECxV OE ~ft.
Kat Sa 56vaTal, ll'TtO opOue;, va E'TtlOlKVUn on sft, va EKOTJAoGTal l;;C>v-KaS' oTov TPOTCOV E~E511AwS11oav ot La~OUi)A, 'HA(ae;, McvOofje;.
'Ev OUf.1REpoo~arL, &e; ~a:e; E'TtlTpaTCft va TCapaSEocvflEV Kat TCOAlV n)v YVW~TJV TOG TCPO~V11flOVEUSEVTOe;; SEnKCVTOTOU, OAA' 0Xl SEnKlOTOO, KaS11Y11ToG Dr. Broad, oone;;
ETC[ TOG 011~(OU TOUTOU OTCo<!>a(VETaL we; OKOAOUSCVe;: '0'
OTCOAOY11TTJe; TOG XplonaVlOfloG E'(TE Sa OTCOOEXETaL Ta
TCpo[3aAAOflEva Ola~EOlKa SaUflaTo, E'(TE Sa Ta OPVfjTaL.
'Eav ,a OTCooEXE:-aL, TJf.1TCOPEl va Ta XPTJaLf.10TCOlft we; OITOOl~lV on Ta EuaYYEAlKa 8auf.1aTa OEV ElvaL OTCOAUTCVe;
OTIap0j.1lAAa OAA' EaV TIponn To(ho, oEv 56vaTaL 1tAEOV
va toXUptsETal on Ta SaUf.1aTa TOG XPWTOO aTCOOELKVUOUV,
Ola Tfje; ~ovaOlKOT11TOe; TCVV, TTlV ~ovaOLKOT11Ta Tfje; SEOEWe;
Tou. 'A<!>' ETEPOU, Mv Ta OPVfjtal, Sa 56vata( ~EV va UTIOOT11pll;;n on Ta EuaYYEAlKa Sau~aTa TUYXavouv floval)lKa, OAAa Sa EIVaL UTCOXPECV~EVOe; Kal va AOYOOOTft OlaTL
OTCOOEXETal, [3aoEl toxvOTaTCVV TEK~11PlCVV, KaT' 0pXTJvam8avoue; a<!>TJyi]OEle;, 6~0(ae; EKElVCVV, Tae; OTCo(ae; opVElTaL
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KOt 8PT]OKE[0e;, tlXEV apx[on flE EVO aploflov Tile; Ht;Ewe;

epT]OKsio, a anoToe; olETunwVE TiJV KOl vi]v {:3aOlv OAWV TG'lV
8pl1OKEUflaTwv' aqlllooe; KOTa flEpOe; Tae; nopoAAoyae;, Ot
anoToL EXc0PL/:;ov OllTa. AUToe; dVOl a op80e; TponOe; va XElplo8n KovEie; EVO 8EflO, TO anOLOV EXEL nAi]8T] onooG'lv flE
nOAAae; ETEpooot;oue; yVe0f..lOe;. 'OflO(We;, 6q>ElAOflEV KOt
~flELe; va Efl{:308uvWflEV Ete; Ta 8EflSAlc00T] TOO nVEuflonOfloO
Koi VO:, ()lowrrc00WflEv EUKPl vG'le; Tae; oUOlc0oae; TOU apx6e;
KOTa Tp6rrov TOLOOTOV, WOTE KOVEie; 6vofla/:;wv TOV OUTOV
TOU rrvEUflonon'lv va fliJ OUOKOAEUETOL va Tae; ETIlOOKLflCxon
, Ev rrpc0ToLe; :
Tl rrpca~Eua a nVEUflonOfloe; ; '0 nVEUflonofloe; rrpEO{:3EUEt, on TO rrvEOflo EXEt urropt;lv aVEt;apTTlTOV ToG OOPK1YOU 6PYOVlOfloO KOt on 1) flETOt;U EvoapKwv Kot OOCxPKWV
rrvEUflCxTwV vOEpa ETIlKOlVWvio ElVOl rrpoYflonKr'J Kot Wq>EAlflOe;. 'AHa rrpca{:3EuEl Kot Idxn aHo OKoflT]' ol6n, Eava
nVEUflonofloe; oEv EOi]/lOlVE T(nOTE aAAo E:KTOe; ouwO, 80:
TOV rropEOEXOVTO rroAAol, Ot arrOlOL Tc0PO TOV KOTOOlKa/:;OUV: EVO ouolG'lOEe; flEpOe; Til; oT]flooloe; TOU O/lWe; tlVOl1)
rr[one; on, xaple; Ete; Tae; 15L6TT]TOe; WPWflEVWV rrpooc0rrwv
rroO KOAoOnol illCxflEOO, ~ flEn): 8avoTov E1Tl{:31wole; Tile;
av8p::.:>rr(vT]e; rrpoowTIlK6TTlTOe; OUVOTOl va d.no~e"w6e'laL EflrrElplKG'le;' on EXOUV AT]q>8n Kot AO/l{:3avoVTol flTlvuflOTO Ola
Tfie; flE8000u TOUTT]e; rrop' EKE1VWV rroO flETEOTT]OaV arro Tfie;
Yile;' on ~ OUYKOlVWV[O !loe; flE TOV nVEUflOTlKOV K6oflOV
ElVOl, urro nvoe; OuV8i]KOe;, OlopKme; 6:VOlKTiJ OlCx Tile; OLO!lEOOTT]TOe; .
T Cx Et;T]KPl{:3wIlEvo flT]vUflOTO, rroO EXouv AT]q>8n arro
TO rrvEUfloTO -:5v EKAl rrOVTWV, clVOl YEYOVOTO, rroO orro,OElKVUOUV TiJV ETIl{:3(WOlV, u;:,', TO YEYOVOTO Elvql TO TEAE.OlOlKOV KPLTT1PLOV rrOVTOe; /:;T]Ti)floToe; c.>:c:: ETIlOTTlflOVlKOO

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OlOKT]PUOOEl on EOPO:SEL ETIL bTOPlKClv YEYOVOTC0V, TO: aTIoia
OUv~f3T]OOV TIPO OUO Xl:\lETT]pi(5wv.

EINAI TA

nEI~THPIA

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nNEYMATI~MOY I~XYPA;

"OTOV 0 nVEUflonoflo<,; !3E!3aLoi, on ~ neoaoomuouu;

0 KOSEL<'; TIOtPVEl ~o~l TOU KOTO: TOV 8avoTov
0\0<'; TO:<'; OUVETIElO<,; T11<,; Erd Y11<,; ~C011<'; Tou-flE OAO<'; TT]<';
"CO:<'; avaflvr'joEl<,;, EE,El<,; KaL OUYKlVr'jOEL<,; - MyEL Kan TIOO
EIVOL TOOOV f3opUOr'j~OVTOV, c',)OTE flOVOV TOTE 80: ETIPETIE va
AEX8ft, EO:V mOTOTIOl11TOl aTIo acp80vo KaL ETIOPK11 TIElOtr'jpta. "On TO: TIELotr'jpLa OUTO: EIVaL Kat acp8ovo KOL ETIapK11, o[ TIVEU[lanoTot ETVOL TIETCELO[lEVOl * aAA' aKpL!3w<;
Olon ElVaL acp8ovc,x, OEV Elval ouva"Cov yO: XC0PEOOUV EVTO<,;
TClv fllKPClv OlaOTaOEC0V EVO<'; !3l!3AtOU KOt OOOl ETIl8u[loOv
va Aa!3ouv yVWOLV aUTClv TIPE-TIEl va Elvol OlOTE8El[lEVOL
va UTIo!3AT]8oDv Et<,; Korrov nva va avoyvwoouv, OT]flElWoouv Kot oTIouoaoouv, KaL v' acp0[l0lwOOUV eOC0tEplKW<,; ooa
E[l08ov. 'Q<,; MYEL 0 TIOA.U<,; Eddington, ~ yvwm<,; OEV ElVaL
Kan, to aTIOlOV EvOtOAa~ETaL Et<,; TOV EYKEq>aAov Ouva[lEl
aTIOpo!3aTC0v CPUOlKClv VOflC0V EO:V OEV TIPOOEXC0flEV Et<,; "to
vOT][la TClv TIpaY[latC0v ... 80: aq>r'jvC0flEV yO: [la<,; OLaq>Euyn
ouota TC0V. 'H ouota t11<:: rrpaYflaTlKotlltO<,; OEV aTIOKaAUTCTETaL Et<,; tOV aV8pC0TIOV,
orrolo<,; OEV EVOlacptpEtaL va
n)v OKEcp8ft. '0 TOLOOTO<; JiflrroPEl C:XKOflll yO: aVOYLVWOKn
OC0pEtaV !3l!3AtC0V KaL yO: TO: EvaTI08T]KEUn EVT(JC:; Ti'j<,; [lvr'j[lT]<';
TOU, aAAO: 80: TIapaflEVn flE8' oAa lOUlO [lEXPl "CEAOU<,; tfie;
~<011C:; TOU aV(Kqvoc:; yO: ouvayayn OUflTIEpao[la"Ca Kot va
KataAi)E,n Etc:; TIET!Ol8r'jOlC:;. '0 T. TIp.:u8UTIoupy0<,; K. Stanley
Baldwin ETTIEV op8Cl<,;, on ~ [KavOT'1C:; yO: avaYlvwOKC0[lEV
OEV EIVaL ouvwvufloc:; ~.E n)v tKavO"CT]Ta yO: OUAAOYl~wflESa
TO: avaYl VC00KOflEva Ka). AlTEPOV yO: aflcpl!3aAAC0flEV [lESOOlKClc:;, TIapa va Oi<ETITWflESa tOloTPOTCC0C:;.
ETIl~ft KOL on

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nNEYMATI;EMO;E nEPITTO;E;

Mfa TWV EvoTaoEcuv, TIOU EYElpOVTaL Kala TaU nVEU~ano~oO, ElVaL on ETIPETIE va ~TO TIEpLTTOe; Ete; TOUe; OAT]-

8Ele; XptonaVOue;' OTl TO iOTOPlKa YEYOVOTa, ETIi TWV cmoicuv

cf:>Kooo~i]8TJ TO 8pijOKu~a Tfie; XplonaVcuouVT]e;, ETIPETIE va
~oav 0PKETa Kai TIEpaLTEpCU OTIODE[t;Ele; lfie; lmapt;Ecue; TIVW~anKou KOO~OU Kai Tfie; Em[3lwoEcue; Dev ETIPETIE va ExpElai:;OVTO. Ere; TaUla onavlw~Ev, on E'ltlE8a i]vaYKao~EvoL va

OEX8wI-lEV TO TIpaYtlala Ka8we; ElVaL' on ElVaL ~alaLOV va

ETIltlEVCUtlEV, on wpW!:lEva E[Oy] OTIOOEit;Ecue; e;n(ls;ns va ETIijpKOUV, O(j)OU EK TIEipae; i]t;EUpOtlEV en Ihn;cJ}{; de'll e;na(l~oii'V'
Kat on, E(j)' ooov uTIapxouv

ouomowuVTEe;, 6 (j)pOVl!:lOe;

ou~l3ouAoe; 80 EAEYEv Ete; TOUe;

TOLOUTOUe;, Ka8we; Elm:v 0

. BlPY[Aloe; Ete; TOV 1!.OVTT]V, Olav oev KaTwp8cuVE va TOV TIEl'an OL' EmXElpT]flaTCUV: (\"'Eav TUXOV V0tl(L;ne; Oll oe Et;aTIalW,
TIijYaLVE TIpOe; aUTOue; Kal OTIOKTT]OOV n)v On60Elt;lv Ola
TWV XElpG:lv OOU' * ~, we; I!lnEV 6 XpWTOe; de; TOV 8cutlav :
BaAE TOV oaKTuAov oou Ete; TOV TUTIOV TWV ~ACUv Kal (j)EPE
n']v XElpa oou Ete; Tr']V TIAwpav fioU Kal tlT] y[vou amoTOe;
011.11.0 mOTOe;. T 0 OVTl, 6 0tl[tlT]we; OKaTIaVEUe; TIaoT]e; 00(j)iae; !:lac; EOCUKEV Eva TIapooELYtla TaU TIOlOe; EIVaL 6 oO(j)wTEpOe; Tp6TIoe; OLa TT]V OtaOKEoamv TWV 0tl(j)ll3oALG:lv' olon,
val !:lEv ElTIEV on EIVaL tlaKapl6TT]e; TO va OUVaTaL KavEle;
va mOTEUn xcuple; va Exn ovaYKT]v va [3AETIn, on' OVEYVWPlOE TauwxpOVcue; on aAAaL naALV 15l00UYKpaO[aL TIPETIEl
va lKavonoLTj80uv aAAcue; TICUe;, Ol' OTIEp Kal oDloTaKTCUe;
TIpooijyaYE TO nElOTijpla, TIOU T0 Ei:;TjTi]8Tjoav, XopTJyijoac;
Ete; TOUe; evOta(j)Ep0tlEVOUe; EUKalpiae; va TO l3aoav(oouv.
EIVaL ovavT(PPTjTOV, Oll f] t;EALt;le; Tile; EmoTi]tlT]e; KaTa TT]V
TEAwTaiav E[300tlTjKOVTaniav EXEl OTj!:llOUpYi]0n tliav VOOTpoTIiav, TIOU at080VElal [3a8uTaTa TT]V ovaYKTjV OTIOOE(t;ECUV WlOUTCUV, TOe; oTIoiae; va OUVaTaL va UTIo[30AAn de;
TIpOOCUmKov EAEYXOV .. iQe; EAeyev 6 6:Ei~vTjOTOe; F. 'N. H.
Myers EtC; T.::: TEAT] Tfle; TEAEUla[ae; EKaTOvTanT]plooe;, T] ETI[. o~aOle; TWV ETItonwovcuv TITJPeai:;El KaT' ETOe; Kal ouotle-

(") Ka8ap'(~ploV, "'Aol-la VII Ot[xoc; 25.

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ElVaL 000 OEV 56VOTaL va alIood~n, va Ta aVOlpft. Kot
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aK6Wl va toxun TO YEYOVO<;, on flETO~U TWV EmoTllflov0.)V
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~opUO~flOVTO ap8po, TIoO OEV OUVOVTaL 6!l0(0.)<; va E~EAEY

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nro~ TtPOYflOTOTIOLOOVTOlOi TIOpa TOO KOOflOU TWV Ttvwfla-

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TtOV KELVO, TIL TIOPOUO(C;X lOD 6TIo(ou c:lVaL OUVOTOV va

TIOpOKOAOu8~on n<; t\JUXlKa CPOLvoflEVO, ErTIEV 6

Maxwell. AE-

YOVTE<; ljJuXlKa, EvvooDflEV t\JUXlOnKa KOL TIvEuflononKa'

t\JUXWnKa c:lVaL Ta TIPOEPXOflEVO aTIO TO UTIOOUVElOO<; lOO
(O[OU TOO LllOflEOOU

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ana TWV anAWV cpSoyycuv Kai VEUIlO:t'CUV ElC; TaC; CPPO:OElC;,
OEV eTxov t5Eav on a A,oyoc;; Sa KaS[OTaTO TO !lEOOV, OLa
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yO: dVaL AOyoe; frrapK~e; orrC0e; KaTaOLKo:l;C0flEV aAOKAl']pOV
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Kat fO:V OUfl-

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28-

UTrcXPXOUV TrOAAa OlcX<jlOPO ETrLTrebO Tl a<pOTpOL swfjC;;. KOTa

Sir 01i\'er Lodge, dc;; TaC;; cXPXaC;; TO TrVeOflO, TrOO [leStaTOTOl etc;; TOV OAAOV Koa[lOV, Ep[lTjVeUel TO TrEPl~cXAAOV TOU
WC;; auv~Swc;;. TOlOUTOTP0TrWC;; EC,TjyelTOl TO yeyOVOC;;, on TrOAAa ETrlKOlVWV~aoVTO TrVeU~OTO eup(aKOUV Ta TrpcXy~OTO
EKel TrOAU O[lOlO [lE Ta EOW KOt on [lePlKot EKAlTrOVTeC;; bE.v
CPOtVOVTOl KaV
UTrOTrTeUWVTOl, on EXOUV cXTroScXVn Kot
bEV swal TrAEOV EVTOC;; UAlKOO KOa[lOU. LUV T0 XPOvcp O[lWC;;,
ot OlOVOTjnKOL TWV OUVcX[lelC;; ETrlTclVOVTOl, cXVOTrTUaaOUv
bE KOt VEOC;; TOlOUTOC;;, KOt TOTe ot o:vnMljJHC;; TWV aAaoaouv' EK TOUTOU, OUOKOAeUOVTOl, Tl KOt cXOUVOTOOV TEAclWC;;,
va [lCTOOwaouv elC;; TJ[lac;;, TrOD OEV EXO[leV 01l0(0C;; ouvcXllelC;;,
TaC;; vtoc;; EP~TjVe(OC;; TOO TrePL~cXAAOVT6C;; TWV. nOpOSETO~eV
~[OV OlocpWTLOnKi)v OLOKo(vwal v, n'lv OTrO(OV aVOcpEpEl 0
Sir William Barrett F.R.S., eiC;; TO auyypolllla TOU On The
Threshold of the Unseen, aeA. 194, Kot TijV OTro[ov ovo[lcXsH aTrOUOOLOTcXTTjV' ETreTeUX8T] 0[' OUTO[lonKfjc;; ypo<pfjc;;
KOt i1lcXllcooc;; ~TO [.itO Kup[o TfjC;; cXVWTEP0C;; KOlVWV[OC;;, erC;;
TOV OiKOV Tfie; OTro[OC;; EC,eV(SCTO 0 Sir William. 'H EV A6ycp
Kup(o dXev aOeAcpov, 0 OTrOlOC;; cXTrESOVe KOt, [leTcX nvo
KOlPOV, EYPcXCPTj TO EC,fjC;; /J.~VU[lO Ola TfjC;; XHPOC;; TTjC;;, Ev0 OleTEACl EV TJ/J.LUTrVWOct:
TOV

va

!t

eeACO va :nun;eveu:,

on

ot CPLAOL (ra~ e~anoAov{}oVV va

~ovv nat ij/l-:nogovv va cra~ crne:n'tCOV'taL ... "DUIV #VOL~a. 'tov~

ocp{}aA/l-9V~ 'tov 3WeV/l-annov /l-OV crro/l-:X:r.o~, eiieov 'tOV tav'tov /l-OV a/l-eUipA1]'tOV' ~f:V eixov naveva cpoPOV, "'ovov,
el~ 'ta~ agxa~, eva :neglegyov avvaLcr{}1]/l-a naL na'to:nw ele?jv1]v, Daggo~, aya:n1]v, crvV'tgocpLav, c5L~acrnaUav
El/l-aL Mw eyro, 0 ac5eA.cpo~ crov (8idcov 'to ovo/l-a 'tov)

na DeAco va crov acp1]Y1]{}w 't1]v dCPV:nVLcrLV /l-OV ev'to~ 'tov

:nvev/l-a'tLnov nocr/l-ov. El~ 'ta~ agxa~ aV'teAa/l-paVO/l-1]v crvynexv/l-evco~,
:nagevgicrnov'to ene;; :ngocrco:na nva, 'ta o:nC')ia

on

:negLecpeeOV'to /l-ecra el~ 'to ~co/l-anov na yvgco a:no "tTIV nAi"1]1' /l-ov. "E:neHa, na'te:necrev ij aVAala nat 'ta :nav'ta ncrav
ijcrvxia. TO'te ~La :ngro't1]v cpogavav'teA.?jcp{}1]V,
~ev #/l-1]1'

on

.,daYLacr/l-evo~,

a:no

'to

aAA' e:nAeo'V el~

'to

nevov, OA{YOV

'tL

e:navco

ngepa'tL. El~ 'to a/l-v~gov cpm~ el~ov 'to m;w/l-a /l-OV

/l-f: 't1]V 01pW crne:nacrp.ev1]v. 'H :ngro't17 P.OV

~1]:nAco/l-evov

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29-

cneevJU; 11tO va blatge1pro evtor, avtoiJ, dUa naacl !J,ov em1}v!J,[a va to nQcl~ro oev e/JgclIJvve va e~at!J,a1}fi - ol lJea!J,oL
naav "o!J,!J,evot. "Og1}or, ent tOV lJanelJov, negte/JAenov TO
Oro!J,clUOV, onov n(}o1']yov!J,evror, fi!J,1']v toaov da1}ev1}r, "at toaov
"ata/Je/JA1']!J,evor, "at. anov uoga ijlJVVcl!J,1']V va "LVoV!J,at "at
nclAW xrogt.r, "aveva negogLa!J,ov. To lJro!J,cltLOV lJev 11tO "evov nA1']a[ov !J,ov 11tO a nat1}g tOV natgor, !J,OV x ... , a anoios
aev !J,f: elxe nor:e ey"ataAe['IJ'11. <Ynijgxov e"ei "at aUo"
'tOt,,; ano[ovr, dyanw uhga, nag' aAov at aev tovr, eyvwg~a
"aAwr, tote. Katonw ey"ateAe1pa to Oro!J,cltLOV "at elaelJvaa
elr, to naea"e[!J,evov, onovevgLa"etO 1] !J,1']tega !J,ov lA-e tovr, .
(avyvevei'r, tOV d"o!J,1'] elr, aiJt1}v t1}V ~ro?jv). ' Enexe[g1']aa va
~!J,tA?jaro els avtovs 1] cprov?j !J,ov ntO ev"gw1}S els e!J,e, "at
pclALata laxvgcl, d.U' e"eivot nage!J,evov d!J,egL!J,voL lJ' oaa
eAevov. Tote enegaaa lJ,a tWV oro!J,a.,;{rov "al, e~ijA1}ov vno
'tov eAev1}egov ovgavov. ElSov t1}V yijv !J,ar" a"otew1}v
"al. 1pVXgclv, "rltro1}L twv dategrov els t1}V ngwt1']v xagavy1}v
'tije;. xet!J,egwijr, ngrotas. rHto to ton[ov, nov toaov "aAws
fi~evgov "at. nofj elxov tOacl"S negegyaa1}tJ. At:cpv1']s !J,ot.
elJo1}1'] 1] agaaLr" "at ave/JAe1paV oE ocp1}aA!J,ol!J,ov.IIaget?jg1']aa
tOY nvev!J,au"ov "oa!J,ov va dVateAAV ent tOV cpva"ov, WS
dvantVaaetaL to av{}os ..1a t1}V negLygacp?jv, at Ae~es !J,ov
,Aelnovv. <Ouo?jnote "at liv eAeyov lJev {}a vne/Jo?j1}eL "aveva dno aas va dVnA1']cp1}fi t1}V oo~av tijs ano"aAv1peror,
f"eLV1']S dUa {}a t1}V dnoAllvaete "at aeis ev "ag/fJ. ' A"o,AoMJ.ros elA"va1}1']v, WS vno tOV vO!J,ov tijs X1']!J,L"fjS a'llyye.
ve[as, dno 1;0 neg/JclAAOV, els to anoiov twga dv?j"ro. ' Ev
'tOVtOs, aev el!J,aL (3ea!J,ev!J,evor, e"ei !J,e 8)."ve nOAv 1] yfj.
"at ta lJea!J,cl t1']S lJev elvaL avaclgeata: !J,e eA"vovv e"eivo,
tOVS ano[ovs dyanw, ra ron[a, nov !J,ov elvaL ngoacptAfj.

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TI EINAI H t.YNAMIL THL LKE'VE.QL

"Eva TWV 0l1flElwv, EITt TWV OTro(wv Tel TrLKOLVWVouvTa

nVEuflaTa oUfl<l>wvoOv O:TrO"Utwe;., E1VaL Ott i] 5uvaflLe;.
"tfje;. OKEtpEWe;. TrLTElVETaL TroM V TQ KOOfl~ EKE(V~. T6v
ETr(YElOV KOO!lOV ~}mopEl tte;. va TIEplypo:tpn we;. KOO!lOV <l>u'
,O"LKWV 5uVO:flEWV,
O:KOflll Kat ETrl Tfjc;. yfjc;. ~ KUf3EP'

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-30vwoa OUVa[.lle; ElVaL 6 vaOe;, Olan 6 vaOe; Ol1!llOUPYt Kat

XPl1ol[lOTIOLt Tae; 5UVc'x[lle; Tn,C; <puo"WC; TIPOC; EC;UTIYjPETI']OlV
TOO av8pwTIou. Etc; n'lv aAAYjv t;w~v, ij olavoYjTlK~ allTiI'
5UVCX[llC; <Pa[VETaL va ElVaL EAW8pwTEpa aTIa TIptoPlO[lOUC;
Kat op~ a[lWWTpOV. 'ETIt TfjC; yfje;, oui TWV XElPWV otKO"
00!loO!lV Tae; KaTOLK[ae; !lae; Kat TIAc'x000!lV EK Tfje; VAYjC;
Epya KaAAl TXVtae;, TIOO EK<ppat;ouv Tae; OKEtjJEle; Kat TilV'
<paVTaoiav [lae;.'EvioT i1!lTIOpoD!lV ETItOYje;, oTIaO!lwOlKWe;,
va !-lETa[3lf)at;W!lv Kat Tae; OKEtjJle; !lae; 6 de; de; TOV aAAOV xwpte; AEc;Ele;. Ete; Ti}vaAAl1v t;wi}v, OTIOU ij VAl'], Ka80
a[8plK~, c1val LJTIAaOTOTEpa, ij OKEtjJlC; Kat ij <pavtao(o
OUvaVTaL va OT]!llOUPYOOv aOUYKp[TWe; UKOAGnpOV, lOWe;
aOTpaTIlaiwe;. npl OE Tfie; !lETaf)lf)aoWe; Tfje; OKEtjJWe;,.
EKt T] Tl1ATIa8la [val TIl8avwe; 6 KavoVlKOe; Tp6TIoe; Tfic;
ETIlKOlvwv[ae;. T.E., Ta TIVu!laTa O\JVVVOOOVTaL Kat OUVOWAEYOVTaL !lETac;u TWV TTjATIa8TJTtKWe;. Kat TotoOTOe; UXpi]e; XlpW!l0e; Tfje; OKEtjJEWC; EiVaL aKptf3wc; EKElVO, TO aTIOlOV
ETIlTPETIEl Ete; Ta TIVEU!-laTa va XPTJOl!-lOTIOlOOv -rOV vouv TWV
~la!lEOWV we; aywyov Ola va !lae; !lETaOLOOUV Ta !lYjVU!-laTc'x
TWV. T a 1TVEU!laTa i1!lTIOPOOV ETI[OYje; va YlVWOKOUV TCxC;
OKEtjJLe; [lae;' 15(we;, otav TaC; OTPE<PW[lV TIpOe; aUTc'x. To
TOlOON EXL aTIOOElx8ft ETIapKWe;, [vat OE aAAwoTE Kai 11
T] [3c'xaLe; Tfje; npoowxfje; "OTIOU UTIaPXL oWfloe; Tfje; OU[lTIa8Eiae;, EKEl 11 OKEtjJle; <p 8c'xVEl Kat avw AE~EWV' Kat T] 56va[lle;, T] aTIoia 5uvaTal va q>80:vn Ete; TOVeEaV, TOV naTEpa
TWV TIVW!lO:TWV, ouvaTal ETI[OTJe; va q>80:vn Kat ELe; aUTO:,.
TIoD, Tft aA118E(C;X, Eival at AElTOUpyoi Tou, o[ TIOlOOvtEC;
TO 8EATJ!l0: Tou.

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T a !lTJVU!laTa EK TOO 'YTISpTIEpaV E[l<l>a(vouv, Ott 6,

80:vaTOe; OEV aTIO!laKpUVL TOUe; <plAOUe; [lae; KaT a TPOTIOV
TOlOOTOV, WOTE va TOUe; E!lTI05(t;n va TIapaKOAou800v EK
Tfje; aAATJC; 5x8Tje; TIOAAa TIpO:Y!la-ra oxnt;O!-lEva !lE Ti]V
KO:TW. nOAAoi [3E[3a(wc;
t;wi]v Kat TaC; CxaXOAlac; !lac;
tV(OTavtal : ~EV 8EA0!lEV va mOTEUW!lEV, on Ot TIPOO<plAEtC; !-lae; EKAlTIOVTEC; ETval aK0!lTJ ErC; SEaLY va f]~EUpOUV
Tt !laC; oUll{3a(vEl, alon, EV TOWUTn TIEPl TITWOEl, TIWC; Sa elVaL
EUTUXElC;; "On YVWPlt;OUV TIpO:Y!lan Tae; SA(tjJLe; !-lac;,
TOOTO elVal [3Ef3aLOv Etc; OOOUC; aTIOaExov-ral Ta !lTJVU!laTO

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we;; YVi]OlO' EaV oE Exn othw, OUOKOAWe;; ~flnOpEl ~E~OlWe;;

KOVEte;; va mOTEUOn, on TJ EUTUX(O TWV Sa ElvaL o:nOAUTOe;;
KOt O:fltyi]e;;, EVCf> ot ~yonllflEv'Ot TWV Ete;; TTlvyfjv nEpvoGv
OlovollTlKae;; OTEVOxWplOe;; 11 llTIOCPEPOUV nVEUflonKCle;;. !J.Ev
EKcpEuyoflEV OflWe;; TT'jV OUOKOAlOV, Eav llTIOSEOWflEV on oEv
~I;EUpOUV TlnOTE TClv OOWV flo:e;; oUfl~o(vouv, OlOTl floVOV
avSpwnol avEU CPOVTOOlOe;; Kot avEU oUflnoSllnKClv OUVaLOSTlflO:TWV Sa ~OUVOVTO va o:noAOuouV O:fllyoGe;; EUOaLflOVlOe;;, EK TOG on CXTIACle;; o:yvooGv TijV KOTO:OTOOlV EKElVWV
noG O:yonoGv. 'Eav TJ flvi]flll TWV Ola Ta En(YElO OEV KOTOPyflTaL TEAElWe;;, Ta nVEufloTO npEnEl va ~I;EUpOUV on EKElVOL, TOUe;; <>nOlOUe;; o:<j>fjKOV EVTOe;; Tile;; OOpKOe;;, sClatv uno
OUVSliKOe;; EVSO ot KonOl Kot ot OOKlflOOlaL, mSovCle;; OE
Kot <> nOVoe;; Kot TJ aflopTlO, ElvOl o:vonocpEUKTol' KOl, <j>UatKCf> TCf> AOYCP, 8a AunoGVTOl. ' AAAa TOTE; TOTE Sa npEnn va KOTO<j>UYWflEV : npGlTOV, Ete;; TO on TEAE10 EUTUXlO
OEV ElvOl nO:VTWe;; OUVOTOV va unaPxn, Etflij de;; TOV TEAELOV
8EOV' OEUTEPOV, OTt, o:no Tile;; nVEUl-lonKile;; o'Komo:e;; TWV, ot
EKAlTIOVTEe;; ElvOl Ete;; KOAAlTEPOV SEatV va EKnl-.lOGv Ta
EnlYElo oELVa KOT o:I;lOV Kot OTt, ~AET[OVTEe;; n'lv ~poxu
TllTO Tile;; OtopKElOe;; TWV Kot TO npOYl-l0TtKOV OcpE/"Oe;;, noG
TEAlKCle;; anOppEEl an' OUTO:, Sa Ta Kp(VOUV 6pSOTEPOV o:no
TJflo:e;;' TP1TOV, OTt TJ xopa OEV ElvOl O:OUl-l~l~OOTOe;; flE TTl"
Aunllv, OOOV 6I;ul-lwpoe;; KOt av cpO(VETaL TJ OlOnJnWOle;; OUTi]. '0 XplOTOe;;, KOta Tl'lV nop0l-l0vT'jv TOG naSOue;; TOU, OTE
O:VECPWVEl nEplAunOe;; Eon v TJ ljJuxi] l-l0u Ewe;; 80VO:TOU,
~5UVOTO va AEYTI En(ol1e;; ToGTa AOACl EV TCf> KOOl-lCP, [va
EXWOl TT'jV xopav TT'jV El-lT'jV nEnATlPwl-lEVllV EV aUTOle;;.
, AAA' EO:V, TEAOe;;, olo80:vWVTal Tae;; SA(ljJEle;; l-loe;; we;; Kan,
noG EmoKoT(sEl TT'jV l5lKijV TWV EUOaLl-l0vlaV, OUTO O:VOl-l<j>l~OAWe;; dVOl Eva O:Kol-llll-lo:Slll-la l5lKOV TWV Kot EVo EAa~
TijpLOv EI;0YVl0l-l0G KOt npoooou' Ele;; TJl-lo:e;; 5E E1tlOlle;; Sa
W<j>ElAE va XPTlatl-lEUOn we;; swnupov o:vunoAoy(oTOU VTaOEWe;;, EVSOPPuvov TJflo:e;; va O:1tO<j>EUYWl-lEV 0, Tl Sa ~06vaTo
va TOUe;; AU1tijon KOt va l-lETplaSWl-lEV TO 1tEVSOe;; l-lae;; Ola
TOV EI;0cpOVLOflOV TWV, <> 61tOlOe;;, c:lvol l-lEV l5lKij l-loe;; <j>OlV0l-lEVlKT'j o:nwAElo, O:AAa Ol' EKElVOUe;;, oEV Sa E1tpEnE va
All0l-l0vCll-lEV, Elval KEpOOe;;.

____ ~~.,.- - - ..-

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32-

MAL AErOYN TA nNEYMATA TInOTE TO NEON;

.I
I

Ete; Tl']V ouxvoTaTllv aunlv EvoTaoLV EXO[lEV yO: TIapaOEV ElVaL cmapalTTjTov xapaKTllPwnKov
Jllae; OTIouoaLae; CxTIoKaAuljJEcue; yO: [lETaoL5n Ka8' OAOKAllpLay KatvoUpyfj YEyovoTa. 'H tOLa CxKpl[3we; EvoTaoLe; EXEL
OLaTUTICUSft Kat KaTO: Tfje; XpwnavlKfje; CxTIOKaAUljJECUe;, Olon
TIpo[3aAAETaL: on ~ oloaoKaALa TOO XPWTOU OEV TIEPlAaW
j3avEl TlTIOTE TO TOOOV VEOV, 0.)OTE yO: ~i] lmapxn Ko:n TO
TIapaAAIlAov Ete; TO: ypaTITO: O:AACUV [lEyaAcuv oLoaoKaAcuv,
f:(p' OOOV 1'] KaLVl'] f:VTOA~ Tou tva dvanat"8 d;LhlAov~
.EVEKAELETO de; to: OloaY[laTa TOO Bouooa, TIPOYEVEOTEpou KaTO: TIEV-:E atwvae;, 0Je; : epll0KELa OEV EIVaL TIapo:
CxY a TIll , Ka[lETS, WaTE ~ EuooKla yO: [3aoLAEun flETa/;u
TWV CxvSPWTICUV' on TO: fluOT~pla ~ 'EKKAll0La' TIapEAaf3E
Kat Cxq>cufloLCUOEV CxTIO /;EVOUe; SEO~OUe;, ol OTIOlOl TIPOUTIfjpXOV autfje;.
AEyoflEV, xcupie; q>of3ov Cxvnppf]oEcue;, on, EO:V ETvat
ouvaTOV va KaTaOEtxSft, on 1'] oLoaoKaALa olaoaq>l1vL1:;El
yVCUOTa<; EvvoLa<; TOOOV CxTIOTEAEo[.laTlKw<;, WOTE aUTai yO:
1:;cuvTavEuouv [.lE vEav EVTaaLV Kat yO: f:VOTaAa1:;ouv [.lEoa
Et<; Tae; ljJuXa<; TWV CxvSPWTICUV ~lav TIAllPEOTEpav Kat OTIOUOaLOTEpaV 1:;cu~v' f:O:v flETaoL5n [llav uljJllAoTEpav EVVOLaV Tfie;
Cx/;Lae; Tfje; UTIap/;ECUe; Kat Cxq>UTIv[1:;n flLav [3aSuTEpav ouv.a(oSl1olv Tfje; Cx/;loTIpETIEla<; Kat EuSuVlle; Tfje; CxVSpCUTIlVll<; ljJuxfie;, KaL Tfj<; ol1flaolae; TIOU EVEXEl ~ aXEaLe; TauTll<; TIpo<; TOV
eEOV Kat TO OU~TIav, TOTE OlKaLOUflESa va tOXUPlOSW~EV, on
~ TOLaUTll0l0aOKaAla TIATJpOl TOUe; apou<; [llo:e; [.lEyaAlle; aTIOKaAuljJEcu<; TIOAU KaAAlTEpOV, TIapo: Mv CXTIAW<; CxV~yyEAAE
KO:TIOlOV flEXPl TOOOE CxVf]KOUOTOV YEyovOe;. f1EV f:VVOW KaT'
ouOEva TPOTIOV va 8EOCU TO:<; CxTIOKaAuljJEl<; TWV TIVEU j.l aTCUV Et<; '(ol1v [lolpav [lE nlv CxTIoKaAuljJlv TOU XPlOTOO'
lOXupl1:;o[.lal o[.lcu<;, on Kat ~ TIVEU~anonKl'] opO:aLe; Elval
[lla TIAEUpa Tfj<; 011.11<; olKovo[.lla<;, Ola Tfje; oTIolae; Ta KEKpUI-I~Eva ~UOt~pla TOU eEOO YlVOVTaL q>aVEpa d<; TOV
O:vSPCUTIov. AEycu br(oll<;, on Kai Ola TOO nVEU~anO[lOu
Elval ouvaTOV va YEUSft KaVEl<;, CxTIO tlVOe; CxTI0 ljJECU<;, KalVOTllTa t:;cufj<;. To ouvalo811[la aUTO Tfie; KaLVOTllTOe; OEV
TllP~oCU[lEv, on

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flTa5l5T0l' TIPETIl ne; yO:

Ao:~n TIlpaV

alJTOU, OTIWe; to.

EVVO~On. 'EKlVOe;, TIoO to EXl aTIat; 50Klf..L<J:On, i]t;Upt on

KOOflOe;, 8avatoe; Kat UTIpTIEpaV OU5ETIOtE TIAEOV ElVOl

5uvatov yO: TQ TIapOUOlaoouv tllV 0WlV, TIOO dxov
TIPOTjYOUflEVWe;.
Kat Oflwe; ElVOl aATj8EOtaTOV, Ott EtC;
to: flTjvu~.tara 5EV EYKAE[Ovtal 5TjAc0oEle; TroA0 8EtLKat il
Ka8EKaota EKtEV~ mpt tfie; aAAl1e; l;;w~e;. 'AAAO: TO t5wv
80: ijouvaTo yO: AEX85 Kat 5lO: to EUayyE(..lOV. '0 avaoto:e;
Kuploe;, Otav EVE</lavl08Tj EVc0TItOV T<7>v fla8TjtG'lv Tou, 5Ev
tOLe; O:TIEKaAUWE AETItoflEpElae; OOOV a</l0pC?: ti]v l;;Wllv tOU
flEAAOVtOe;. AUTO toOtO TO YEyovoe;, ott Tc0pa ~TO Op8lOe;
Efl TIP008EV tWV, TrAl1flflUPll;;wv flE n']v aUtllv OU flTIa8tav,
flE Ti]V aUt1'jv avtlATjWlV t<7>v avaYK<7>v twV Kat !lE ri]v
autllV EvtovoV ETrJ,Bufl[av yO: Y1VOUV ot K~pUKEe; tOO EuayYEA[OU Tou te; tOY KOOflOV, UTIOOXOflEVOe; Ete; aut00e; yO:
EUp[OKEtal Travton: flal;;[ tWv-aUTO, AEYOflEV, to YEyovoe;
Ka8' autO aTIOKaAUTItl tc; tOY TrpOOEKnKOV flEAtTjt~V
TIOAAa, 5lO: to:e; ouv8f}Kae; EV TQ TrVEUflanKQ KOOflCP' aAAa
AETrTOflEpElac; 5EV E5wKEV.
Kat ~ TrETro[8TjOle; Ete; tijv l;;wvtavi]v Trapouo[av Kat

ott

apwyi]v ToG TIVEU!lunKOO K:::OflOU, ~ yV<7>Ol<;' ,

TIEplKUKAouflE8a UTrO VE</l0ue; ou!-ma8<7>v flaptUPWv, ETvOl EKElVO
TroG 15[we; xpElal;;Etal ~ av8pwTIOtTje; TIaAa[ouoa E5<7> Katw.
'ETI' au TOO tOO Ol1!lE[OU ETIEflEVOV KE</laAOlw5<7>e; ot aPXLKOt KTJpUKEe; TOG EuaYYEA[OU : ToOTOV 0 eEOe; ~YElPE Ka(
E5wKEV aurov Efl</lavfl YEVE08al ~!llV, OlnVEe; OUVq>ayo,
!lEV Kat OUVETrlOflEV autQ
VKp<7>V, AEYEl

0 nEtpOe;,

flETO: to avaOTfjvOl

autov EK

'H ETIlKOlvwv[a flE l/Juxae;, at

OTro'i:al 5lO: Tfj<; OTOpYtK~e; TWV Entppofje; opoo[l;;ouv, Efll/JUXc0VOUV, CPlAOTl!lOOV, </lWt1souv-auTo ElVOl TrOA0 OTrOU5alOTEpOV, TIOA0 W</lEAlflc0TEPOV TOG yO: tKaVOTIOLOO!lEV tijv
TrEplEpYElaV fla<;; 5lO: VEa' 5l0n TIEt80flE8a EVTE08EV, ott ~
ETIlKOl vwv[a 5EV 5laKOTITt0l, ott l'j ayaTrl1 YE</lUPc0VEL to
xaofla, TrOD cpaLvoflEVlKwe; XWp[SEl to:e; 5uo KataOtaOELe;
Kat on 0 8avatoe; TraUI!L yO: Elval to TPOflEPOV OKo'roe; Kat

6 OKATjpoe; blaxwpLOtf}e;, To:e; 5LEt;oblKo:e; TrPlypa</lo:e; TOO

al8EplKoO tWV TrEPl(jCxAAOVTOe; bEV 80: ijvvoOOflEV, nt8avwe;,
Kat EaV flae; to[OOVTO TOlaOTOl' '(owe; OE Kat 5lO: tOY AO-

34-

yOV autov BEv floC; o(OOVtal. OWC; Sa T]VVOEl 0 txsGc; tTJV

1tEplypacpi] v , TIoG Sa to EOlOEV ~ XEAlOc::,V toG atSEp(oU tTJC;

!
I

n:Epl~a~AOVtOC; ; t] i] Kafl TITJ taC; ola~aSfl(oElC; XpwflatOC; Kat

apwflatOC; 'tWV AOUAOUOlWV, TIoG Sa tn acpTJYEltO T] TIEta-

AoGoa ; MTJ ATJOflOVWflEV,, 5n Ka1 Ol OOCPW'tEpOl 'tWV EmO'tTJflOVWV flac; oEv Elval aKoflTJ Etc; SEaLV va Evvoi]oouv
'to flUOti]pLOV toG flxou, t] EKElVO tflc; KlVi]OEwC; o[oU01']TIOtE
'twv flEAWV flac;, t] t1 elVaL T]AEK'tPlOfloC;, flayvTJnOfloc;,
EAl;.lC;, CPWC;, atSi]p, EVEPYEla, ouvafllC;, TIvEGfla, UATJ KATI,
OuX' ~ttOV, Efl TIVEUOElC; flOC; flE'ta ~l~a:oVtal aKa'taTIaUotWC;' lOWC; al TIEPlooou:pal, EaV flT) OAaL, EPxoV'tal aTI'
EKEl. 'YTIapxouv ETI(OTJC; TIapaoELYfla'ta 0Xl oALya, otL Kal
OUfl~OAal-<l)lAoAoYLKa[, ETIlOtYlflOVlKa1 Ka1 aAATJC; CPUOEWC;EXOUV flE'taooSfi, TautoxpovwC; ta avSpwmva TIpO~Ai]flata
elVaL TIPOC; OCPEAOC; naAlv toO avSpWTIOU va AUWV'tal aTIO
'tOV '(OLOV, '0 TIOAUC; t.laflEOOC; aLOEOlfloC; Stainton Moses
KatEXWpEL 'ta El;.flc; EtC; tT)V Light, EV EtEl 1883 :
Elxov (JvClxoAev{}fj va anox'r;?jClw ain;op,a-ux?jv -uva
VQalP?jv xal, ene(J1J eXQeaeop,1]V wgClp,evar; o(J1]vlar;,

e~e

!3laCla IJ,-u e~eAa!3ov wr; p,?jvvp,a, aUa ";0 onoiov, elr; ";1JV
nQ a vP,a-uxo";1].,;a, (Jev .q.,;o naga at l(Jxal p,ov Clxe1per;. To
eneClo(Jov .q.,;o (J(Jax-uxw.,;a.,;ov xa, ov(jeJlo.,;e nAeov enaveAa!3ov ";0 Aa{}or; :
-IIvevp,a : 'ExAap,!3ave.,;e .,;ar; l(Jxar; Clar; ClxE1peLr; (J'
.o(J1]Vlar; p,ar;. L1ev en1]geaeop,ev .,;ar; anolPaCler; Clar;
- ' Evw : T, Clvp,!3ovAeve.,;e ;
-Uvevp,a : Tlno.,;e (Jev avap,Vvvop,e{}a .... Anoxena
elr; Clar;, nov elCl{}e ev.,;or; .,;oov nQavp,a.,;wv, va anOlPaCl[Cle.,;e.

mu:

~XETlZETAI

ME THN

nNEYMATl~MO~

ePH~KEIAN;

ElvOL avaYKTJ Va Evvoi]owflEV , on ta EI;.TJKPl~wflEva

'YEyovota 'toO nVEUfla'tlofloO EXOUV ~aSutEpav EVVOlav Kat
EuputEpav OKOmaV aTIO 'ta WC; aVW OUflTIEpaofla'ta, OOOV
acpop<?: 'taC; ouvSi]Kac; EV "(0 TIVEUfla'tlK0 TIEpl~aAAovn,
At aAijSElal, tac; oTIo(ac; TIPEa~EUEl, OEV ElVaL floVOV Ola
'tOUC; 'ltEVSoOVtac;, aAAa Kat Ol' aAAOUC;' fnon S(youv 'tTJv
I:WT)V Kal toV TIPOOPlOfloV 'toO avSpwTIOU, a'ltOOElKVuoflEval
I

i\

'<)1 )

~""---""'f-------""'--

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----------~,

-35t-LEYOAllC; TIpaKttKfje; 6:E,lac; ('na n'lv OlaYUlYf]v flae; EV T<{)

KaSllflEPLv<{) j3[cp. "HOll Un: EOElE,aflEv , on, E<f>' OOOV un:6:pXOUV 6:moTOuVTEe; ~ OUOTIlOTOUVTEC; ~ aOl6:<f>opOL, Ta CXTITa
1tELOTi]pla dvat 6:TIOTEAEoflattKWTEpa TWV ETIlXElPllflaTUlv
Tfic; OOYflaToAoy[ae;. T0 ovtt, E[VaL EupUTaTa OtaOEOO~Evll ~ KaTaKpauyi], Ott ~ ETIlPpOi] TWV XplonaVlKWV
'EKKAy}OlWV ETIt TWV Aa'(KWV flaswv oOl1flEpal xaAapOUTal.
AUTo aTIool5ETal OUVi]8Ule; EtC; TOV Taxuv pU8floV Tfje; 011llEpl vfje; sUlfjC;, T. E. Ti]V E<f>COOV ola XPllflanoflov, Ti]V EE,Opll110lv Ete; Tae; OtaOKE56:oEle;. Au,a 8a Elvat, avafl<l>lj30AUle;,
flla atTla TOU on Ot vaol TIapaflEVouv KEVOr. 'AAA' ap6: yE
OEV UTI6:pXEl Kal OAAOe; ne; Myoe; 6:Koflll ; !1EV Elval, EPUlTWflEV, dJAOYOV on TO KaKOV TOUTO Sa O<f>ElAETaL 0Xl 01.yov Ete; nl Ott EXEl EE,a08EVi]on ~ TIlotte; TWV aV8pWTIUlV
de; T~V ETIlj31Ulolv, OUVETIWe; Kat Ete; n'lv aE,lav TOU TIapovTOe; j310U, we; Kat Ete; TO TIpaKnKOV KUpOe; TOU 'lopuTou
TOU XplonavLOflou ; Ot TIPWTOl XpLOnavot flETEj3aLVOV aTIo
TOn:OU Ere; TOTIOV KTjpUnCVTEe; TOV 'lll00UV Kat Ti]v ' Av6:OTaOlV' flE oAAae; HE,Ele;, EOtOOv olaj3Ej3alwoELe; on 0 'ITjooue; sft Kal E<f>avEpUloE n')v sUll']V Kal Tl']V a8avaolav
de; TO yEVOe;. '0 Myoc; TUlV ~TO flE ouvafllv, 011A. EIXE
TIElSW, oLon ~oav Ete; 8EOlV va AEYOUV: 'OfllAouflEV
tKElva, Ta oTIoTa ijE,EupoflEV, OVTEC; OAUle; aTIOAUTUle;
TIETIElOflEVOl Ott 0 'ITjooue; ElXEV aTIOOElE,n TT]V flEta 86:vaTOV ETIlj31UlOlv. Kat EVTau8a PUlTWflEV : 'Eav 0 AaOe; OEV
ElVaL TIETIElOflEVOe;, ElVaL apaYE TIETIELOflEVOt Ot olo6:oKaAOl TfjC; 'EKKATjOlac; ; A[086:VETaL TO TIOlflVtOV TUlV, on Ot
BplloKwnKol TOU ~YETaL Elval TEAElUle; j3Ej3aLOl, OXt floVOV
on tv YEVEl 0 OV8PUlTIOC; tTIl(ft, aAA' on 0 Kupl6e; TUlV
ElVaL flla (UlvTavi] TIPOOUlTIlKOTTje; EV T<{) Kooflcp, TI6:VToTE
6pwoa. 'Eav OXL, aTIOKAElETaL apaYE aUTD Va ElVaL ti
a[Tla TOU on T] , EKKAllola X6:VEl Ti]V TIVEUflanKi]v TTjC;
tTIlppoi]v ; OUOEtC; afl<f>Lj36:AAEl, on UTI6:PXouv TIOAAOl flE
1tlOnV ota8Epav Kal ouvafllv av6:AoyoV Tfjc; TI(OTEWe; TUlV.
cr.AA' UTI6:PXouv Kal flEPlKOl, Ot OTIOTOl aouvatouv Va
cr.TIOOEX80uv TaC; a<f>Tjyi]oEle; rfjc; Kalvfic; !1La8i]KTje; KaT a
yp6:flfla' EVVOOUflEV EKElVOUC;, Ot OTIOTOl olot6:l;ouv va j3Ej3aLwoouv we; TIpaYflanKa OUflj3Ej311KoTa Tac; EKOTjAWOElC;

{I

-36EKElVae;. TIOO aVaq>EpOUV ot EuaYYEAloTal we;

Tfje;

aVaOTaOEWe; TOO

XpLOTOO. i\omov, i)

d1to~el~et~'

KaTanElOTlKri

"

:1

EUYAwnLa TWV TOLOUTWV aPXT]Ywv Et;a08EVEl, Et; aq>oPtlflc;

TWV tOLWV TWV atlq>ll3oAlWV. Tilv arWEpLvriV ETIOXriV

KaTa-

OLKa~oflEV nOAAaKle; We; ErmOAa(aV, Kal 'lowe; ouXl

O:VEU

AOyOU. 'Ev TOUTOLe;, OEV ElVm OUTE T600v KaKr'j, OOOV n'jv
TIapOuoL6:~OUV ot aTIalOLooot;OL, OUTE TOOOV KaAr'j,

TIpol3aAAouv ot atmoq>pOVOOVTEe;.
TO: tlELOVEKn'HlOTa TWV
"

We;

TriV

'H ouyxpovoe; YEVEO: EXEl

apETWV TT]e; : EO:V OTIEUOn Ete; TO:C;

KploELe; TT]e;, 0tlWe; KplVEl. ZTJTEl Tl']V npaYllaTlKOTT]Ta, OLon

I,

OEV LmOq>EpEl

n'lv UTIoKplolav. At

EWllTJyopLm TT]e;

Elval

nOAuYEvlKa(,

aAA' aUTO EVLOTE 6q>E(AETaL Ete; TO OTL VO-

1-l[~EL, on EXEL avaKaAUt/Jn aVEll-.lKp(VElaV Ete; lOUe; 8PTJOKWn-

KOUe; TTJe; Tayoue;, mOTEuouoa on aUTol KaTanv(youv Kat

apvoOVTOL npaYllaTa, TO: oTIoTa OEV EXOUV Et;ETaon

Em-

OTaflEVWe;, on unEKq>EUYOUV TO: atlq>(l3oAa OTJtlEla, aV'[i vo:

TO: Et;ovUX L~OUV tlE napPl1o(av. ~LO:

TOUe;

Aoyoue;

AOlTIOV

TOUlOUe;, TIOAAOl O:V8PWTIOl, ot onolOL TIPOTJyoutlEVWe;

AOV aTIooEx8fj TO: TOLaOTa
Twpa PETIOUV TIPOC;

~8E

xwpie; ou~i]nloLv,

TOV ayvwonKtallOV'

tlEV TIOAU q>POVlflOl vo: TO:

TOOV 0flwe; EV

OloaY!laTa

TOUTEonv, dva(

apvTJ800v aTIOAUTWe;, aouva-

EtAlKPLVEl<;X vO: 0tl0Aoyi}oouv TI(onv Ete; TriV

TIpay,tlaTlKriv UTIapt;lv TIVEUflOTlKOO

KOO[lOU Kat Triv Em-

l3(wo~v Tfje; av8pwTILvTJe; npoowmKOTllTOe;. Kat

i) KaTaOTa-

Ole; q>a(VEWl vo: l3o(vn OAOEva ETIi

Ot Ool3apot

TO: XElpw.

Kai TIOAAaKle; 6oUVllpoi oloTaytl0l, TOUe; OTIOlOUe; TIPOTEPOV

OlETunwvov I-lEPlKOt [lOVOV OTIOUOaOTal!lE
l3a8Elav

8Alt/JLv, 'Cwpa

EXOUV

ETIL<JluAat;lv Kat
EtdxwPTJon de; aUTri v TiJV

OlavOTJTlKr'jV aTtlooq>OLpav 100 AaoO Kat KUKAOq>OPOOv E6pUTaTa flETat;u 'Cwv atla8wv,

we; Kai EKElVWV, ot OTIOTOl

dVOL EhE nOAu TIOAUaOxoAOL E'(TE

no AU ETIlTIOAOLOl

vO:

EYKUt/J0UV Etc; TO: a'(na 'CWV lOl0UTWV a!J.q>ll3oAlWV.

\
I
I

OutWe; EXOVTWV TWV

npaYtlaTWV, 0 nVEU!lanOf.(()e;

aTIOOElKVUETal (; aTIapalTlllOe; ,0Ul-ltlaX0C; Tfje; 8p1l0KElae;'

Kai

Eva TWV OUflnEpa0tla'Cwv,

TO: oTIoTa

anOOEXOV'tal,

O:VEU Olaq>WVOUOT]e; t/JTJq>OU, OAOL ot 1!VEUtlanoTat Tfje; OlKOU!J.EVTJC;, dVOL OTl 0 nVEUtlaTlC'tlOe; aTIOTEAEl to 1tQOo[p.tOV
{J).,wv

'tooV

{}Q1.1Guevp.a'tWV.

ToOTo,

Olon TIpo13aAAEl

wc;

-37aTIOOEOELYflEva YEYOVO'ra WpLO'flEVa O'TOLXEla, aVEU TWV

OTIOt(J)V ouoq..lla 8pllO'KEta ~flTIOPEl va OLaTUTI(J)8fj. TQ QVTL,
ETI' aUTWV aTIOAUT(J)<; j3aO'l~ETal 0 XplO'TLavLO'~o<; TOO nauAOU : EL 5E avaO'TaO'l<; VEKPWV OUK to'ttV, ouoE XPLO'TOC;
Eyi)YEPWL... KEVi] OE Kat T} TItO'lL<; uflwv.
LlIATI EINAI 0

nNEYMATI~MO~
TH~

ePH~KEIA~

TO npOOIMION
:

Ti aTIOTEAEl T11V KOLVi]V j3aO'Lv OA(J)V TWV 8PllO'KE'.'flaT(J)V, TO UTIOO'TP(J)fla TIaVTO<; bOYflaTO<;, TijV 8PllO'KElav TWV
8pTJO'KELWV ; '0 Ka8. Silvanus Thompson, TIEpi TOO OTI010U
aVE'1>EpoflEV ~bll, TIpOj36:AAEL Tpta nv6: : TIPWTOV, OlL uTIapXouv 'AVWTEPOL ~uv6:flEL<; aTIO TOV av8p(J)TIov' KaTa OEUTEPOV AOYOV, KOlTOL OALYWTEPOV OLKouflEVLKW<;, on UTI6:pXEL s(J)ij flETa 86:VOTOV' Koi W1TOV, T} UTIOXPE(J)O'LC; va bL6:yWflEV XPTJO'TOV !310v, va TIP6:H(J)flEV TO OlKOLOV, va EUO'ITAaYXVLswflE8a, va TIEL80PXWflEV EL<; ta TIPOO'Tc'xYflaTa
TOO Ka8i)KOVTO<;. AOlTIOV, OO'OV a'1>op<;i TO TIp(;hov TWV ap8p(J)v TOUT(J)V, ElVal AOYLKW<; abuvaTOV va AOTPEUO'(J)flEV
~L6:VOLOV, T} OTIOla bEV ElVal aya8ir KOt Eva "Ov, TO
OTIOlOV ~TO lKOVOV va '1>Epn EL<; TijV s(J)ijv avapL8fli)TOUc;
av8p(J)TIlvoUC; tjJux6:<;, OTI(J)<; KOTOTIl v Ta<; Et;oA08pEUO'n EVTO<;
oAiywv ETWV, bEV ElVal "YTIOpt;LC; EmTllbE(a va Ef.lTIVEUO'n
AOTPElov, 80uflaO'flov t] a'1>oO'l(J)O'Lv. 'Q<; KOAW<; EypOtjJEV 0
F. W. H. :Myers, to O'uvol0'811flo Tfic; bLKOLOO'uvllC; Kol
EUO'TIAoyxvla<;, TIoO flOC; ElvoL Ef.l'1>UTOV, oEv ETIlTPETIEL va
O'Ej300'8wflEV EVo "Ov, TO OTIOlOV Eq>EPEV EL<; TijV l:(J)ijv Eva
K60'f.lov, OTIOU TOO'al 6:yvat Koi Eua(0'811TOL tjJuxoi bEV Aaflj3c'xvouvTIopa ablKouc; ToAom(J)ploC;.... "OAO of.l(J)<; Et;llYOOvWL, Eav avoyv(J)plO'(J)f.lEV OTl i) ay6:TITJ Kai T} apETij
Eml:oOv. Kol TIOlO<; aAAo<;, EKTo<; TOO NE(J)TEPOU nVEUflaTLO'!loO, ElVaL El<; 8EO'LV va flo<; anobElt;n on UTI6:PXEL Emj31(J)O'L<; ; '0 bllf.lOq>lAT]<; flu81O'TOpLOyp6:'1>0c;; H. B. Marriott
Watson, 0 OTIOlO<;, flETa ElKoO'lTIEVTaETfj ayv(J)O'ttKLO'flOv,
E1XEv Emo08fj EL<; Ta<; 'o/uXLKac; 'EpEuva<;, KOTE8ETE: Twpa Elflal El<; 8EO'LV va mO'tEu(J), on ~ j3c'xO'L<; TOO :LuflTIOVTO<;
cTval i) ayc'xTITJ' EVw E1<; aAAo<; O'KETITLKO<; O'TIouoaon'l<;

38-

~Ol W~OAOY110EV : '0 nVEU~cnlo~Or; flOl EXEl KaraoE[E;n, OTl

o 8EOr; ElVaL 0 naTllP ~ou. npoy~an, OlO: tOY av8pwnov, 0 onolor; oEv TrlOtEUEl Etr; ETrl[3(wolV, ~ naTpOtTJr; toO
8EOO oEv 56vataL yO: EXn oTJ~aolav. "Ooov oq>op(X to wr;
avw OEUtEPOV ap8pov toO Ka8. Thompson, TO: lOtOPlKO:
XPOVlKO: OAWV OXEOOV tG)v 8PTJOKEU~6:tWV EYKAElOUV nEplntWOElr; ETrlKOlvwv(ar; TOO av8pc0nou ~E aoapKa 1tVEU~ata,

OAA' ~ anoooxf] TWV E[Val l;;f]tTJ~a n(otEWr;, 5Xl E~np6:KtOU

nETIOl8f]OEwr;, EVe;'> ~ 8EtlKTJ VOOtpOTIla tG)v KalpG)v ~ac;
anal TEL XElp0Trlaota TEK~ijpla, TO: OTIOla ~OVOV 0 TIVEU~a
tlOTlKOr; TIElpa~anO!l0C; EiVaL EtC; 8EolV va XOPTJy~on. '15ou,
~la OT]AWOlC;, ~ OTIOla oEV EXEl av6:Yl<l1v ETIEE;TJYT]OEWC;'
O'TEAAEtat TIapo: toO AtOEOlPOU George Cathcart Phair,
M A., B D., E<!>TJflEP[OU t~C; Rathkeal, 0pXlflavtiPltOU t~C;
ETIlOKOTIfjr; t~C; Newcastle :
Me~a ~te~ij a:nov~.qv ~ov IIvvp,anap,ov, "a~a ~o
a:noiov JUla~1]p,a elxov "at a~op,t"a!; nva!; e"~1]A.WaeL!;, elp,aL
~eA.eiro!; :ne:netap,tvo!; ~ta ~.qv :neayp,an,,6~1]~a lrov 1pVXt"WV
rpawop,tvrov, v:no "alaA.A.1]A.Ov!; OeOV!;. '.Ano1:tA.eap,a ~ij!; a:nov~ij!; p,ov a'inij!; elvat, on evelo"ro ~.qv :nianv p,ov :nOA.V EVtaxvp,tv1]v. Ta rpawop,eva el!; ~a!; <Ieea!; rearpa!;, ~a a:noia
aVxva",!; p,8 EvtpaUov el!; ap,1]xaviav, el~ov e:navaA.ap,pavop,eva 1ea~a ~a!; a1]p,eewa!; avve~eici!;' "at a:n6 nvo!; xeovov p,Ot 8xeL "a~aa~fi ~vvalov va Op,LA.W el!; ~o "1]evyp,a p,ov
:neet ~wv D-avp,alrov ~ov EvayyeA.lov .At y~'ivo, A.e:nlop,teeLaL
EV lfi arp1]Y1]aeL lij!; '.Avaalaaero!; e"A.OVL~OV l.qV :nlanv p,ov
el!; lO "evlQL"oV yeyovo!; ~ov XetanavLap,ov, [ro!; o~ov el~ov
on ~a :nvevp,a~a a1]p,eeOv e"~1]A.OVVlaL W!; a"QLpW!; 8:nea~ev
<5 KVeLO!; p,ela ~.qv '.Avaalaalv Tov' "at lOLOVlOlQO:nro!;, ~ta
:neW~1]V rpoeav, arp' 0-0 "a~trpvyov el!; 11A.A.a ptpA.la el!; p,al1]V, la (:nvevp,ana~t"a) avyyeap,p,ala lOV Sir Oliver Lodge
"at aA.A.rov p,oi. 8"ap,ov ~.qv arp1]y1]aw o:ij!; '.Avaalaaero!; "alaA.1]:nl1]V. Evela"ro Ev~evD-ev veav ~vvap,w el!; la!; "al1]X1]aet!; "ai. "1]Qvyp,ala p,ov, "til. 1) :ne:nolD-1]at!;, :nov :ne01]YOV'
p,tvro!; loaov:nOA.v p,ov 8Ket:nev, elvat lWQa eva a1]p,etro~t
a~a~ov xaea"~1]etan"ov ~wv A.oyrov p,ov. '.Avaywwa"ro :neet
l.qV 1)p,iaetav ~ro~e"ada e""A.1]ataan"wlI erp1]p,eei~rov ~.qv
tpdop,ada, aA.A.a "ap,p,i.a E~ av~wv ~ev p,8 P01]D-el "at ep,-

-39.nviet .,;aaov, "ai}wc;.,;o (nvev/Lanan"ov) cpv.Uov 4>OOc;. cH

;evyvro/Loavv1J /LOV ngoc; ";0 /Lt"gov .,;oiho negto~t"oV elvat
,avvnoA,ayta.,;oc;
Ato. G. C. Cathcart Phair, MA. B D.

"Oaov

acpop(i TOV Tp[TOV opOV Till;; l3aaLKill;; epT]aKE[al;;,

:OTJAov6n TllV urrOxpEC0aLV Till;; XPT]aTil<; fllaYC0yill;; Kat Til<;

urraKollC; Et<; TO KaeilKOv, alJTO<; EYKAE1ETaL QVTC01;; EV't'OI;;
TOO ij8LKOO KWOLKO<; Ka8E 06Y!laTO<;, aaXETC0<; Mv TJ EP!lTj-vEla elvaL xa!lTjAij, Q<; Et<; Ta rrpC0ToYEvil eP1']aKEu !laTa, Tl
rravutjJT]Ao<;, Kaec01;; Et<; TOV XpLanaVLa!l6v, orrou cpeO:VEL Et<;
TO o(ap!la ' AyarrijaELI;; TOV 9EOV E~ OATj<; Till;; tjJuxfj<; Kat
:OLaVOla<; OOU, Kat TOV nATjO(OV QC; TOV EaUT6v aou. 'EK
VEOU OE EPC0TW!lEV: nw<; aAAC0<; ETVaL ouvaTOV va arrOOEtxeft i] a~la Till;; ijeLKOTT]TO<; Et<; TOUC; rrOAAOU<; EKElVOU<;, O[
(mOiOL OEV Tl)V OtataeO:VOVTaL apKETa EUKptVWI;; !lEaa TC0V ;
AUTO<; OUTOI;; 0 naVAOI;; o:rrEcpalVETO rrO:ALV EV rrpOKEt!lEVCP:
Et VEKPOt OUK EYElPOVTaL, cpaYC0!lEV Kat rrlC0!lEV, aupLOV
yap O:rroevijOKO!lEV. "QaTE i] o:rr60EL~L<;, on Ol VEKpol Errt-

:l;ovv, o:rrOOELKVUEl Kat Tl)V aKoTrl!l6TT]Ta Til<; ijetKill;;. '}oou,

rrw<; OtETUrrC0VE TllV O:AijeElav TaUTT]V

0 Mazzini

*.

'H rrTjYrl TWV KaeTjK6VTC0V !lac; EUplOKETaL V Tcp 9Ecp ...

cH

Yil ETvat TOO 9EOO.

'0

9EOl;; ErrAaOEV aunlv Ola va !lal;;

XPTJOl!lEUan QI;; !lEaOV va O:VEA9C0f.lEV Et<; AUT6v ... cH sC0rl

:EKaOTTj<; tjJUXlll;; ETvat [Epa Et<; OAa<; Tal;; l3ae!lloa<; Till;; urrapt;EW<; TTjI;;' T6aov [Epa Et<; TO ErrlYEtOV OTaOtoV, OOOV Kat Etc;
EKEiva, rroO ea ErraKOAOUeTlOOuv. "EKaOTOV OTaOtov rrpErrEt va eEC0PilTal i] rrpOETOl!laOla Ola TO rrpOOEXEC;, Ko:eE rrpoOC0PlVy) rrp6oool;; 'ItPE'Itt va urroj3oT]eft TllV j3ae!lLalav O:VU-tjJC0atV Tfj<; 0:8aVO:TOU KElVT]C; sC0Tl<;, Ti)v orro(av EVEq>UOTjOEV

0 9E6c; EVTOC; TJ!lwv. "Ac; dno~el~ro/Lev etc;

n}v dvi}grona";1J.,;a, on .,;a ~nlyeta "ai}1j"ov.,;a, nov eXOllev va
A"nA,1Jgroaro/Lev Moo ,,(bro, elvat ovatoo~ec; /LigoC; dic; di}a1'a1:0V ~rofjc; /Lac; "at. OA,Ot ot {moA,oyta/Lot. -r;ov nagav-r;oc; i}~_
Aovv ~taA,vi}fj nQo 1:0V lIeyaA,eiov 1:0V /LiHov1:oc;.
aUTol;; OUTOC;

Life and Writings of Joseph Mazzini: Vol. IV 223-245.

-40-

nOlA H EN T,\2 AAA,\2 KOLM,\2 LvrKOML6.H MAL;

"OAOl, OOOl EXOUV apKEn'jv rrElpav 'tf0V (:'>La~EOlKwv ~11VU~CXTC0V, Sa OU~CPC0V~OOUV OTl mha OlaTrlOTWVOUV 1'6 YE-

I,

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trrt T~<;; yfj<;;. '0 SavaTo<;; BEv tmTEAEl LJTtEPCPuolKa<;; ~ETa130Aa<;;. '0 avSpC0rro<;; ElVal 0 '(OlO<;; Kal ~ETa SavaTov,
orrolo<;; urr~p~E rrporlYOU~EVC0<;;: at TaOEL<;; TOU, tmSuflim
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TOU. "EKaOTO<;; ~ETa[3a[VEl El<;; T6v OLKElOV T6rrov, rrpoxC0pEL aU1'O~aTC0<;; d<;; Ti)V rrpoo~Kouoav KaTllyop[av. /);EV Elval sl'JTTJ~a OEorrOTlKOO KaTavaYKaO!l00, au8a(pETO<;; rrpooTayl') Eml3aAAo~EVT) E/;C08EV. 0'CK08EV aUTOETrl(3aA A ETaL a!lE0C0<;; ~ KaT<:na~l<;; Ev6<;; EKao1'OU ~flWV El<;; 1'6 rrEpt!3aAAov,
rroO TQ apflOSEL. 8EpiSOflEV ooa EorrE(paflEv: 0 orrElpa<;; E1<;
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"

KaprroOTal sC0ijV aLwvLOv. Ti ol1flai VEL orropa d<;; oapKa,

orropa El<;; olacp80pav; "Eva<;; av8pC0rro<;;, rroO .Esll0E T6v
KOlVW<;; 8EC0POU!lEVOV l'J8lK6v KaL EuU'lt6AT]rrTOv (3[ov, tVOt:.XETal flOAOVTOOTO va EOrrELpEV d<;; n)v oapiw: oAol EKElVOl,
TWV orro[C0v rrpc.i>noTov flEAll~a Elval Ta uAlKa rrpay~aTa,
Kat ot orrOlOl EST]oaV t~urrllpE1'OOVTE<;; T6v KaTWTEpoV EauT6v TC0V, EXOUV orrE[PD El<;; 'TijV oapKa. "OOOl KaL oom EUp[OKOUV .6 KUPLOV tvBlacpEpov TOO f:Hou TC0V EL<;; T6v xpT]~a
Tlo~6v, ~ Ta .rr<;rlyv(6ta , fj Ta<;; olaoKEoaoEl<;;, fj Ta<;; rrpoorra8Ela<;; va yeivouv 011~OOlOl ~EYlOTaVE<;;, OOOl CPpoVTii:;ouv Ola
Ta LOlKa TC0V rrAEOVEKTfJ~ata !laAAov, rrapa ola TijV E~urr
TJPETllOlV TWV aAAC0v, orrEipouv d<;; Ti)V oapKa 0Xl 6AlyWTEpoV EKE[VC0V, ot orrolol EVTPUCPOOV El<;; XOVOPOElOEl<;:
oC0~anKa<;; arroAauOEl<;;. ZWOl Ola KOO!llKa rrpaYflaTa Ka[,

oTav aura oEv urrapxouv rrAEov, ot TOlOOTOl arrOK0l-LlsOUV

1'6 rrpo'C6v Tfl<;; oTtopa<;; 1'C0V, EV rrvEufla1'lKn rrEV(C;X Kat arro~OVWOEl. T6 '(OlOV tOXUEl Kal Ol' aUTl')v aKO!l11 1'ijV 8PllKElav'

I,

o KapKlVO<;; T~<;; cplAaU1'(a<;; al val lKav6<;; va arrooTEp~On Eva

8piloKOV'Tfj<;; rrVW~aTlK~<;; EvopaoEC0C; KaL 0 1'OlOO1'O<;; 8a

"

-41'EUpESfi mScxvwe; TrEPlEaejlL YflEVOe; flEOCX Ele; Tae; TrpOAijtjJEle;

"Kcxt OTEVae; {3MtjJEle; TOU, OTCXV 6 SavcxTOe; ocxpwon TaC;
q>CXVTcxolOKorr[cxc;, rroD TOV ~flTrOOll;;ov Eltt y~e; va KCXAAlEP~ijon TijV CXUTOE/;ETCXOLV. To TrEpl{3aAAov TOU EKEL EVOExoflEvov va EUp(OKD aKoflTJ C!>lA6SPTJOKOV, OAA' 6 EYUl(o/-l6e; OEV
EivCXl OAlYWTEPOV aTrOOOKlflcxOTEOe;, OTCXV ct>Epn TijV SPTJOKEUnKT]V XP0l'~V. Ti OE EiVCXl OUYKO~.llOT] OLact>Sop6:e; ; Ti ct>SE1PETal; "OXl aTrAWe; TO oapKlVOV oWflCX, TO 6rroLov, 6rrUlooijTrOTE, E1tlOTPEct>El Ele; Ti}V Y~V. 'AAA' ~ TrPOOUl1tlKOTTJe;, TT]V
6Trolcxv, KCXSQe; EAEXSTJ, OlEfloPct>wocxflEV de; TcxurTJv Tl'lv l;;UlijV
Kcxl ij 6rrolCX OUVOOEUEl TO rrvEDflcx de; TOV OAAOV KOO!lov,
CXUTli EivCXl, rroD ErTE oUYKofl1C;:El C;:Uli)V TrAijpTJ, oct>Sovov, E/;EAWooflEVTJV, ErTE avcxKCXAUrrTETaL on EiVaL OlEct>ScxPflEVTJ.
AUTa OloaOKOUV TO EK TOl: UTrEPTrEpCXV flTJvuflcxTCX OTJACXOi],
.Oll ot E/;EUTEA(OCXVTEe; TT]V rrpooUlmKoTllTa TUlV de; TijV ETrlYELOV l;;UlijV Sa XOUV /;TJUTEAlOflEVTJV rrpOOUl1tlKOTTJTCX de;
TijV OAAllV. '0 XCXPCXKTi]p flcxe; EiVaL f] floLpa flcxe;. At fHcxSEOEte; flCXe;TrpOOotoP1C;:ouv TT]V TUXTJV flcxe;. ea ~OUVCXTO KCXvEie; va Trpo{3aAn KCXTTJYOPlKUlTEPCXV E1tlKUPUlOLV TWV {3CXOlKWV olocxYflaTUlv T~e; epTJOKElCXe;, ooov act> 0 PC?: TijV orrouoaLoTllW, TroD EVEXEl 6 ~SlKorrvEUflcxnKoe; {31oe; Errl T~e; y~e; Ola
TO flETcxScxvanov flEAAOV; Tefl Qvn, Ta EK TWV TrVEUflCXTlOTlKWV flllvuflaTUlv oUVCXYO/-lEVCX oUflrrEpao/-lCXTcx aTro{3MTrouv
Ele; TO va ErrTJpEaoouv anOTEAEOflCXTlKWe; TijV TrpCXKTlKi]V flcxe;
~lCXYUlyijV EVTcxDScx, Olon OloaOKOUV on 01 cxthol TrVEUflCXTlKOt VOflOl lOXuouv EKEl, 6TrOlOl lOXuouv EOW . .!lla T11e; SEAi]OE.G)e; Kcxl Ola Tfie; EPYCXO[CXe;, E1tlTEAE'LTCXl f] TrpOOOOe; EOW
TO '15l0V OATJSEUEl Kcxt EKEL. .!lla Tfje;avCXKcxMtjJEUle; TWV
,OUVETrElWV ~PWflEVUlV TP0TrUlV OlCXYUlYfle;, arrOKTWflEV ta
~cxSi]flCXtcx tfje; TrElpCXe; Ele; tT]V yflv TO '(OLOV oUfl{3cxlVEl Kcxt
Ele; TO UrrEprrEpcxv. OuX ~TTOV, UTrapXEl Ii e/;fje; olCXct>0pa:
iKEI EiVaL KCXTCXct>CXVEOtEPOV, on ij ~KE'lJII~ EivCXl f] lOXUPOTEPCX OUVCX/-lle; 6 KOOfloe; EKEIVOe; EivaL EVTOVWTEPOV Evae; KOofloe; OKEtjJEUle;, Trapa 6 TrCXpwv EO& Katev ElVal cxt rrpa/;El<;
.flcx<;, TrOD TrpoOOLOpil;;ouv KCXTa flEya flEpOe; Ta<; /;UlTEplKae;
.~cxe; O'uv8ijKa<; EKEL TrpoOOLOpll;;ovTcxl aTro TijV TaoLV TWV
OKEtjJEUlV . .!lla TOOTO Ta<; ouv8ijKac; TOU ouvaTcxl va flETcx{3aAn
TO TrYEOfla, fl6vov EaV flETappu8/-l1on Tae; OKEtjJEl<; Kcxt 13M-

-42tpELC; tou. To tOLOOto, /3E/301wc;, OUK oAlyOv aA1']9EUEL KOt

OLO: n'lv y~v aAA' dVOL YEVLKWTEPOV EtC; TOV O:AAOV KOO!lOY, onou 1) OUVO!lLC T~C; OKEtpEWC; dVaL O:VEU nEpLOpLo!lG>V'
Kot anoKoAunTEL TOV o:v9pwnov ElC; tOY EOUtOV TOU Kot
TOUC; ouVtpOqlOuC; TOU. 'AAA' 6 EnlAoyoc; TfjC; ETIlYELOU i:;w~c;
!l0C; ~9EAEV cI090L an090ppuVTLKOC;, Mv oEv TJAi)9wEV o-::t
01 <l>UAoKEC; KOt 01 B01']90t E[VOt nOVTOtE ETOL!lOL yO: EVtOXuoouv niioov TaoLv npoc; TO KOAOV, TO ' A A1']9 EC; Kot TO.
'Qpalov, Kot on, OTOV anot; ~ qllAOUtO, uno TaC; TOOOC; t1']C;
!lopcpac;, EVOWOD ElC; Tilv ETEPOcpLA(OV, TO CPWC; 9a AO!ltpn,
EVTOC; TOU OKOTOUC; Kot TO flETOVOOOV nVEO!l0 90: AUTpw9fi
ano TOU KOT09AlTtnKOU cpOpT{OU TOO EYWCO!l00. ~L6:t TO:
flllvu!loTa !liiC; yvwpii:;ouv EniollC;, on aKO!lTJ KOt OlO: TOUe;
ExovroC; TT]V npOOWTIlKOTllTO tWV OlEcp90p!lEVllV (maPXEl EAnlc;. 'AKOfl1'] Kot ot cp[AouroL, 01 UA.OCPpOVEC; Kot 01 EKCPUAOt E!lcpolvouv EtC; roy nopovTo /3(ov KOAa nvo nporEPi)flOTO, Kot TO OnEP!lO TOO KOAOO ouoEnoTE KoroOTpE<j>ETOl. To aKoAou90v anoonooflo ano EVo nVEU!lOTlOTlKOV !If)VU!lO, TO 6nolov avocpEpETal EV T0 /3L/3Aicp The Soul of
Jack London toO Biron Paine, otooaCPllv(l;;El KOraAA.TIAWC;
Ta avwrEpw :
'A'1Xi~Cr) "at. naAW e~ dgxij~ - dgxi'~Cr) dno l"I'V xap,1J-'
Aon:gav {Jai}p,l~a "at p,e nOAvv p,oxi}ov dvaavgCr) lOV eavlOV p,ov d<p' onov evgLa"oP,1Jv... 'O~1JylaL ~l~ovla" dAAd
liJV egyaalav engene vd "ap,vCr) eyru. To, ala~Lov lOti naga{Jalov elvaL 19axv. AVlo ~ev elxe "ap,p,lav eVVOLav ~L' ep,s"
Ole 1jp'1JV p,a~l aa~. 'E"ei 0 {Jlo~ p,ov 1}lO anaAo~, a.naAo~
ev avy"glaeL, "at vnsa"a1pe liJV 1pVx'ljv p,ov "Hp,1Jv eva~ p,e-'
yaAavxo~ eyCr)i"aliJ~ e" lroV e~Cr), "at. n6.vlole di}ei"aliJ~ eaCr)legL"ro~. Truga lO eyru p,ov exeL "lVn1Ji}fj, "oAaai}fj "at
a<pvg1JAal1Ji}fj onlaCr) el~ liJV i}saw lOV. Evgla"op,aL p,saa
el~ eva p,eyagov, nov "aAehaL lO Msyagov .,;fj~ 'AvaegruaeCr)~. "at. e"ei nagal1Jgro 6A6"A1Jgov liJV vnaQ~w dno ogi}olsga~ a"omii.~. 'OnoiaL ~La~oxal. ~Cr)ij~: " ~Cr)iJ dnonvaaaovaa aAAenaA,t'ljACr)~ lOV i}avalov I 'Onola ngayp,an"ol1J~:
vd anaAAaaaelaL "ave,~ di~ l~ta~ lOV nenegaap,svov I .1ev
ng6"eLlaL vd anoggL<pi}ro ro~ eva~ ap,og<po~ lfy"o~ avv"exvp,s'VOV ey"e<paAov "at. aai}ev1Jgov aag"lov. L1ev vnagxeL i}a-'

I i ' -~

-- 43va'ws - t5tv imagxet ~t1os! > A ~evi~oo 8/lngos /lOV, oxt

oniGoo ngos ~l!V Yiiv. TO. GV/lCPgov~a /lOV elvat 8/lngos.
"01at at e'lhelei:s Y'1]WOt cp,1ot5o~iat 8~acpavl~ov~at. TO. nav~a
exovv ~a1ws - 0 vovs /lOV ~1J~ei vo. acpo/lotwG1/ ~l!V lt5tav
~ov a~e1etw~ov. Bt100 t5tv 1}tloo Jack London 1}o. el/lat els
alwva alwvos (Gel. 124-126).
EINAI 0 nNEYMA TI~MO~

,.

EnIKIN~ YNO~;

'0 IIvEUflanoflo<; Elval fl(a ETIloTflflTJ, EOpasouoa anoKAEWTlKW<; EnL YEYOVOTWV, TO: anOLa EIVaL npoono: Etc,; TOV
KOoflOV XaPl<; El<; Tl'JV flE8000v Tfj<; OlaflWOTTJTO<;, noG Elval
EUplJTaW OlaOEooflEVTj" i] 8EflEAlWOTJ<; TOU aAf]8Ela, n;aKpl~C08ELoa nElpaflanKW<;, Elval on lmaPXEl K60flo<; nVEuflaTWV KaL on EKaolOv nVEGfla ouvEXlsEl EKEL TOV ~lOV TOU
flETO: Tilv onYflla(av EKAElljJlV TOG 8avaTou *.
f1EV fluwnoGflEv EVWn:LOV TOG YEyov6TO<;, on Ent H..JV
8EflEAlWOWV TOUTWV EXOUV En:LnpOoTE8ft napaooE,a Kat oUVf]8w<; cpaVTaonKO: o:p8pa, TO: anola npoo~aAAouv n'lv AOYLKilv Kat nOAAaKL<; OlaoTpE!3AoGVTal El<; !3a8flov va KaTavlOGv Ka8apa flwpia. 8a ~TO oflW<; aE,L08auflaOTOV, tav
OUVE~alVEV O:AAW<; nw<;' nOla 8PTJoKEla tj anoKaAul/Il<; OEV
EXEl unooTft 0flolav EE,al-l~A.J.)olV;
f1la 'R:OAAOU<; q>lA08pf]oKOU<; a nVEul-lanofl0<; Elval
8Efla nOAu ouoapWTOV, Kat a1')OE<; aK6flTJ' KUP1W<;, Olon 8EWPELTO[ on aVaTpEITEL naA.aLa<; TWV npooq>lAEl<; avnAf]l/IEL<;
Kal, En 101')<; , w<; ij8LKW<; KaL oWflanKw<; tmKlvouvov. f1la TOV
AOYOV TOGTOV, nOAA01 ElAlKPlVEL<; Kat nVEUflanKot o:v8pwnOl anocpEUYOUV TOV nVEUflanoflov Kat oUVLOToGv El<; 0:11.A.OU<; va KaflVouv TO '(OlOV' flE O:AAa<; AEE,EL<;, TOV cpo~oOV
TaL. EIVaL aA1')8E<;, OTl at olaKOlvwoEL<;, noG cp8avouv Ola
TWV f1laflEowv, OVTW<; oLaljJEuoouv, ano TlVWV anoljJEUlv, Tac;
LOEac;, at anOLaL KOLVW<; ETtEKpaTOuv, OoOV acpopC;X Tl'JV
KaTaOTaOLV TWV ljJuxwv flETa 8avaTov, KaL flETappu8fl l Souv
en(oTJC; oTJf-laVTlKw<; Tac; aVTlAf]ljJELC; flac; tnt O:AAWV aK6flTJ

* On the Threshold of the Unseen,

F. R, S, London.

uno

Sir W, F, Barrett,

-44-

CHltLEicuv. 'Ev TOutole;, EaV npOKElTaL npaytLaTt nEpt YVlloicuv tLllVUtLCXTCUV EK ToG unEpnEpav, OEV EIVaL napa EUAOyov on So. nEplEXoUV EKnAijt;Ele;. "H analToGtLEV '(ocue;, oncue;
at VEal aTIOKaAul\JEle; OEV KatLVoUv aAAo n napa va OLamOTc.0VOUV Tae; SEcupiae; TWV avSpc.0nCUV Ola TO llEAAOV Kat
va E1Tlj3Ej3alc.0VOUV oAae; TCUV Tae; aVTtAijl\JEle; En1 SPllOKEUTtKWV l;;rFlltLaTcuv ; 'H j3aolAE(a TWV oupavwv, noG eXnEKaA.Ul\JE
Kat EKijput;EV 0 XplOTOe;, WPl0tLEVCUe; aVEtpEnE Tae; npollYoutLEvae; aVTtA.ijl\JEle; TWV EUAaj3wv 'Ej3pa[cuv nEp1 MWOtaVlKfje; BaaLAEiae;. '0 LaGAoe; Tfje; T apooG EnEp(tLEVE KOOtLlKOV Mwo(av, 0 onOLOe; So. f06t;al;;E TOV 'JopaijA Kat So. OUpEV oA.a TO. Svll de; TOUe; nooae; TOU. ""HTO Eva ~EyaA.O
rrpETIEe; LOEWOEe; Kat 0 LaOA.Oe; EUplOKEV, OTt ElXE Ka9fjKov
va naTot;n KOSE aV9pcurrov, noG fcpai VEto va anElA.fj va Kpll;;c.0on TO LOEwoEe; auTO ano Ti)V Kapo(av TWV ou~naTplcu
TWV TOU. Mi]ncue; OEV ~TO TO SWTIE.Olc.0TEPOV tOEG'lOEe;, noG
~o6vaTO TOTE.Va j3AE:nn; ""HA.SEV 0tLcue; ~ ~~Epa, onou, we;
va nEoav TO. A.Ema ano TWV ocpSaA.~Wv TOU, ~VV0110EV on
o Mwotav~0tLoe; OEV lito uno9Wle; Ej3pa"CKij, aA.A.' OrKOUtLEVlKij. Eldev on-,;aaiav "at. 1j"ovae q)(JJvi]v - Kat tLE unaKoijv
Kat Xapav T]KOA.OUS110E TijV npaytLaUKOTl1Ta TOO eEOO tLO:A.A.OV, napa Tae; [OlKOe; TOU npoocplAEle; oot;aoiae;.
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napa no:oav aVTtKELtLEVLKijv .tOv'''l1v, OEV Elval nione; EUnpOOOEKTOe; Ere; TOV eELOV Aoyov. npEnEl va fVVOijOCU~EV
OTl 0 aVSpcunoe;, 0 onOlOe;- ElVaL npoSUtLoe; va aVTltLETcunil;;n oAa Ta YEYOVOTa, anocpamOtLEVOe; va ~i] acp(vn va T0
OLacpEuyn Ka~tLia tl0Vae; Tfje; aA.llSEiae;, aKotLll Kat EaV T0
OTOlx(l;;n Ti]V aTIc.0A.ELav TWV TIpOOCPlAWV TOU npOKaTaA.ijl\JECUV, ElVaL mSavwe; EtAlKPlVEOTEpOe; tOEoMyoe; EKELvou,
o OTIOlOC; ~EVEl TOOOV 0CPlYKTa npOOKEKOA.A.lltLtLEVOC; dC;
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"ETIEl"Ca, Tae; acplKvoutLEVaC; OlaKOlVc.00Ele; npEnEl va

(
-45uno\3aAAU>~EV EtC; "[0 KPLt"ijpLOV "[~C; AOYlKflC; OlOt"l npOEpxOV-

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Ont"lKOV "[OU VEOpOV. 'Eo:v alho EIVaL EAAEl~~onKov, nOA)",0: npay[lcXt"o, noO unapxouv Kot ElVaL opo"[o: EtC; aAAOUC;,
dC; OU"[OV SO: dvat aopo"[o' KOt "[0 '(OLOV toXUE.l OlO: "[O:C; aAAOC; otoSijOE.lC;. ME aAAOC; AtE,ElC;, 0 KOSE.lC; [l0C; OUVOt"Ol !l0.
VOV vo: aVt"lAO[l\3aVE,,[aL EK "[fjc; npoY[lOt"lKO"[Tj"[OC; 000 aKPl{3wc; ouVElPOVt"Ol [lE. ,,[TJv [OLOV "[OU EE,AlE,lV. To 15lov LOXUE l
Kot EtC; ,,[OV aAAOV KOO[lOV (Et-;; ,,[TJV npoY~Ot"lKO"[Tj"[O, 0 KOLMOL Elvol ETC; Kot "[0 nVE0l-l0 EIVat nVEO~o, EhE aoopKOV E.'(,,[E EVOOpKOV) KOl TO: l-lTjVU~O,,[O "[WV nVE.Ul-la"[u>v np~
nEl VO: EE,EAEYXU>V"[at OUO"[TjpO"[O"[O, Ol6Ll Ol l/Juxot OEV y(VOV"[Ol aKOptaLU>C; naVOO<l>Ol OlO: "[00 Sova"[ou' "[OUVOV"[tOV,
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ot"lKilc; SUl-lWOEU>C;, Ii OltO(O ~"[O a<l>ovf]c;, aAA' EK0l-lVE l-lOAOV"[00"[0 "[0 EPYOV "[TjC;. 'H ytVVTjOlC;, ri onoto EIVOl l-ltO ,,[OlOU"[Tj
np0<l>0vTJC; KptOlC;, TjE,EUpO~EV, on EtC; ,,[TJV npOYl-lOt"lKO"[Tj'ta
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VEOytVVTj"[OV XPElasEt"Ol ~OKPO: ELTj ~OSTj,,[EUOEU>C;, 'ftplv <l>Saon
de; "[0 OLOV0rJ"[lKOV EnLnEOOV "[ilc; WPL~O"[Tj"[OC;. 'O~OLU>C; ~6:C;
EtoaYEl KOt 0 Savo"[oc; l-l00 EtC; l-ltov <l>aOlV "[fic; unapE,EU>C;, Ii
onoto a0<l>OAWC; EYKAEtEl KaSE l-ltoov va YLVU>~EV 00<l>W,,[EPOl, K01 onou ot OtaVOTjt"lKOL ~0C; QUVa[lELC; 80: EUPOUV
EUPU"[O"[ov oPlsoVt"o XPl1 Ol [lonoli]oEU>C;' aAAa ,,[TJv npoYl-l0,,[LKO"[Tj"[O Sa E'(l-lESO tKoVOl VO: \3AEnU>l-lEV avoMyu>c; "[ilc;
.EnopKELoC; ,,[WV ouval-lcWV ~0C;. 'EK "[ou"[ou ouvaYE"[aL, on
TO. l-lrJvlll-lo"[o, noO <l>SavQUV altO "[ouC; EKA;lTrovt"OC;, ot onOlOl
EE,EAlOOOV,,[OL KOl EuptOKOV"[Ol EtC; Ol0<l>0POUe,; o"[oS~oue,; "[00
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-46pOue; O:TWKaAutIJEle; Tfle; npaytIanKoTllToe;, DXl oE TEA1Kal Ka1

nAi)pEle;. ea E'lnn ne;, on TOTE Elval AOlnOV avcu o:c:Lae;.
b.Ev AEY0tIEV TOOTO 01' ooa O:KOU0tIEV o:no TOO atI(3(.i)VOe; f)
Ete; Tac a18ouoae; TWV OlaAEE;E(.i)V,

Ka1 eo:

~TO EE; 'l00l>

napO:Aoyov va TO E'(n(.i)tIEV Ola TOUe; OloaOKO:AOUe; K TOG

UTtEpnEpav. Ta EK TOO aAAou K00tICU

tIllvutIaTa XUVOUV

EVloTE nOAuntI0v <pwe; Ent TWV 0P(.i)V Tfle; EKEL ~(.i)fie; Kat TWV
v6tI(.i)V, noO OlEnouv Ta nVEutIaTa' O:AAa npEnEl
AEYX(.i)tIEV, KaeWe;

va

Ta EE;E-

EE;EAEYX0tIEV Ka1 Tae; oloaoKaAlae;,

al.

6TtOLaL fl6:e; o15ovTal EOW KO:T(.i).

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).

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ETvat (XKOflTJ Kan TO VEOV Ka1 o:ooKlf,laOTOv, Ka1 Tj o:vo:nTUE;1C; VE(.i)V OUVO:f,lE(.i)V,

ElTE nEpt Tflc; cpuAflc; npOKELTal E'(n:

nEpt TOO (hOflOU, unovoEL YEV1KWC; Kanolav vWP1Ki)V O:Ta-

E;(av. 'Eav Ofl(.i)C; nO:Alv UtIJWV(.i)f,lEV TO ofltIa TOO K1VOUVOU

napaAoy(.i)C; ouxvo:, TO o:noTEAEofla dVaL, on napaAuollEv

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n6:oav Op6:OLV' TO 6noLOv EnloT)C; ETvOL KaKov. b.Ev clvaL

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exvavop[av Ti)V OLOTaKTtKOTTJTa EKEIVTJV, Tj 6noia Eflnoo(~EL
Eva O:v8p(.i)nov va En(.i)cpEAT)8fj TWV EUKalplwv, noG napouOLO:~OVTal Etc; aUTOV, on(.i)C; auE;i)on Tac; yVWOE1C; TOU. b.WTt
Tj TOlaUTTJ oaA(a va fliJ cTvaL aAAo TOOOV Enlf,lEflTIToC;, orav

npOKELTaL nEpt TOO nVWf,lanKOO KAO:OOU; 'Eav 6 nvwfla-

I
I

TLOfloC; oT)flalVn Ti)V aOKTJolV OUVO:flE(.i)V, at 6nOLal E1VaL <puOlKal EtC; TO YEVOC;, Eav npOO<pEpn EUKaLp(ac; va npoax8wf,lEV Etc; yvwoac;, Eav O:Vo(Yn TiJV 8upav Kat f,l6:C; Em TPEnn va
EmoKonijO(.i)!lEV vEac; 0<pa1pac; ~(.i)flc;, TO va napalTTJ8wflEV
OA(.i)V aUTWV TWV EAn(O(.i)V, EK cp6(3ou VOEX0f,lEV(.i)V K1VOUV(.i)V,
npoo15El cr.npEnfl exToAfllav. b.EV UnOOTT)p(~(.i), on Etc; TaC; tlJuXlKac; EpEuvac; ~flnopEL va nElpa!laT[~ETal 6nOLOoof)nOTE,
exvEE;apTf]T(.i)C; TWV O(.i)f,laTLKWV, OLaVOTJTtKWV Kat nVEUflaTtTOU EcpOO((.i)V nOAAoO yE Kat OEL' exAA' Enl8uflw va TO-

KWV
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f

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47-

ltOV, EOXET(SETO ~E WPLO~EVOU<;; KLV56vou<;;, KaSapw<;; L5LKOU<;;

TTl<;;. Kat alJTOu<;; ltPEltEL n<;; vex eXvn~ETUllt(';;n SappaAEUl<;;.
"OTav yevVc.0~ESa, OLaTpEXO~EV Elt(OTl<;; KLVOUVOU<;;. To ltaLo[,.
ltOO aq>(VEL TO OltfjTL OLeX TT)V OXOAlKT)V SUli]V, OLa1:PEXEl KlV56vou<;;. '0 Tat;ELOlc.0TTl~, 0 ~ETaVaOTTl<;;, 0 Et;EPWVTlTT)<;;, OAOL
EXOUV vex aVn~ETUllt(OOUV KLVOUVOU<;; OUl~anKOU<;; Kat f]SLKOU<;;, EK TOO on EUPUVOUV TT)V aKTlva TWV ouvaAAaywv TUlV.
'O~O(Ul<;; Kat (hav apX(sUl~EV vex ~ETaXELpLSc.0~ESa TeX<;; tjJUXLKa<;; ~a<;; Ouva~EL<;;. Kat EeXV EYKaTaoTi)oUl~EV TT)V E1tLKOlVUlv(av ~E TOU<;; EVTO<;; TOO ' AopaTOU O~O[OU<;; ~a<;;, OEV EltETaL
on altapaLTijTUl<;; sex Et;UtjJUlSW~EV' OLon EVTO<;; Tfj<;; ~UOTTlPLc.060u<;; EKE[VTl<;; xc.0pa<;; EUp[OKOVTaL ltVEU~aTa Et<;; oAa TeX onxoLa Tfj<;; Et;EA(t;EUl<;;, w<;; UltapxOUV Kat EOW. EtVaL ouvaTOV
vex E1tLKOLVUlVi)OUl~EV I-lE TeX UtlJTlAa, TeX Et;ELAlY~Eva, TeX aYla
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d<;; aUTOV TOV K6o~ov, ~[a EtAlKPLVr)<;; Kat ayaST) tjJuxT) 1ll-lltOpEL vex 0XET[SETaL ~E TOU<;; q>auAou<;; Ka[, XUlpt<;; q>0130VI-l0AUVOEUl<;;, vex TOU<;; EltTlPEal.;;n ltpo<;; TO KaAOV, TOlOUTOTp6ltUl<;; Kat
E1<;; TT)V EltlKOLVUlv[av I-lETeX TOO aAAOU KOO~OU. TeX avayKala ltpOOOVTa, E'(TE Ol' E1tLKOLvUlv[av I-lE EvoapKOU<;; ltp6KELTaL E'(TE ~E aoapKOU<;;, EtvaL OUl-lltaSE~a Kat Kp[OL<;;' OTlAaoi), ltEltO[STlOl<;; E1<;; TT)V OTOPYLI(T)V ltaTpOTTlTa TOO 8EOO
Kat 56va~L<;; xapaKTfjpo<;;. 'EeXv Eva<;; aVSpUlltO<;; q>aUAOU cn~ooq>a[pa<;;, ~aTal600t;0<;; Kat KOOq>O<;; d<;; TeX<;; KOLVUlVLKa<;;
TOU 0XEOEl<;;, E1tLXElpi)0n vex EYKaTaoTi)0n E1tLKOLVUlv[av ~E:
TOV ltVW~anKOV KOOflOV, ltOla altOTEAEOflaTa Oq>E[AEL vex
ltEpq.lEVn KavEt<;; ; '0 O~OlO<;; OUpEL El<;; EaUTOV 0flO(OU<;; TOU.
npEltEL aUTO vex flO:<;; q>of3[sn; npE,ltEL ri l.;;Ulr) vex 1-l0:<;; E~ltVE,n
q>of30U<;;; BEl3aLOTaTa 5XL! 'H ouo[a Tfj<;; OloaOKaA[a<;; TOO
XPlOTOO, KaSw<;; Kat OAUlV TWV flEyaAUlv OloaOKCxAUlV, ~TO
OlapKW<;; MT) TapaOOEOSUl UflWV ri Kapo[a, I-lTl5t OELAlCxTUl.
M6vo<;; OELAO<;; Tft Kapoi\X Kat 0 OU01tLOTWV d<;; Tt'JV Kuplapx(avtoO KaAOO OEV f]flltOPEl vex EUpn aVCxltaUOlV EVTO<;; TOO
OUl-lltaVTO<;;. ~EV T]flltOPOOflEV vex EAlt(l.;;UlI-lEV, OTt sex EKq>UYUl!-lEV TOU<;; KLV56vou<;; Tfj<;; tjJuxfj<;; fla<;; ~E: TO vex EKq>EUYUlflEV Cl:1tAW<;; TOV tjJUXlKOV ltElpal-laTL0I-l0v. '0 f]8LKO<;;K(VOUVO<;;
EtvaL '(OUl<;; flEyaAE(TEpO<;; OLeX TOV aVSpUlltOV, OOltOlO<;; alto-

....

'1023

-48.q>EUYEl T~V EpWVaV, rrapo: Ol' EKEYVOV rrou EPEUV~ oo/3apW<;. Movov a<; Ev8ufloUflE8a TO naUAU<OV AOYlOV: n6:<;
a YWVl<':0flVO<; , rraVTa EYKpan:UETaL.

nOIAI AI

YnOXPEQ~EI~

TQN

nNEYMATI~TQN

ElflE8a orrouoaoTal fll6:<; ETrlOT~!lll~' ~ arrola '(oTaTaL

rrpo TOU KPLTllplou Tfj<; OlKOUflEVll<;. El!lE8a rrTrl0!lEVOl, on
ElvaL rrpaY!lan !lia ETrlonlflll, T. E., on rrpOKElTaL rrEpt YEYOVOTWV, TO: arroYa OUVaVTaL yO: arrOOElx80uv, on ElVal !iva
avarroorraoTOv !lEP0<; Tfj~ olKoVO!l(a<; TOU OUflrraVTO<; Kat
urraYOVTaL d<; V0!l0U<;' 'YrrooTllPit;,o!lEV, on OEV ErrLTpErrETaL
vo: KAlW!lEV TOU<; 6q>8aA!l0u<; et<; Tt'jV KaTaoTaOl V, Kat Oll
EX0!lEV ETrlTaKnKOV Ka8fjKOV yO: Tt'jV avayvwpiowflEV Kat
KaTayivwf!v VO: Tt'jV avnAllq>8w!lEV, ~E~aLOl OVTE~, on rrpo"
opi<,:nal yO: ErrY1PEaOn TOV KOOfloV !3aolKw<;. Ti Aomov
arroppEEl tE, OAWV TOUTWV: 'ArroppEEl EKEYvo, rroO olETurrw"
OEV
Phillips Brooks, rrEp(rrou w<; tE,fj<;: npErrEl yO: EYKaTaAEltjJw{JEV rr6:oav O ..rriOa, on rrpoooEuoflEV, EO:V oEv at-

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"Eo:v TOlauTal Tjoav rrpaY!laTl at rrpOeEOl~ OA.WV EKE(VWV,
Ot arroYol aUTOKaAOOVTaL nVWflaTlOTal, rrOIO<; ouvaTal yO:
allq>l/3aHn, on 0 KOOflO~ OUVT0!lW<; eo: aVEYVQPll;;E Tt'jV
arrOUOaLOTIlTa TOO 8E~taTO~ ;
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arrOIOV KaAOU!lE8a yO: EPya08w!lEV. TO: YEyovoTa TOO nvw!lano!loO EXOUV olTrAfiV 0XEOlV !lE Tt'jV aVepWrrOTT]Ta : 1 Tt'jv
olavollnKi]v ft KUp!W<; emoTT]!.l0vlKl'jV. 2 Tt'jv rrvEullaTlKl'jv t]
Tj8LK08pT]OKWTlKl'jV. Tr)v 5LavoIlTLKTJV, CHon aUTO: arralTOOv
EUAOYOV nva tp!lT]vlav Ka(, ETrlOlc0KOVTE<; yO: TO: OUVOEOW!lEV !.lE TCx YVWOTO: aL VO!lEva Tfi<; q>UOEW<;, EUpUV0!.lEV TO:<;
aVTlAi)l\IEl<; !la<;. Tt'jv rrVEU!laTlKl'jV, Olon ~ EUpUVOle; O:KPL/3we; aUTl'] TOO yvwonK-00!.lae; Op[I:;,OVToe; dVaL 5uvaTOV yO:
ttETappu8!llaTI To:e; rrEpt 8EOO, KOOllOU, Kat rrAT]0lov [OEa~
!lae;.

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Kat
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-49YKAcl1OTal TO 81O!-1I:AU'b5e; ap8pov, on 6 av8pc..moe; Trlsn:

T~e; 5laAU01OCUe; TOO oapKlVOU 6pyavlolIoO TOU, lvai 010 TJ
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TIV1OUf..LaTOe; lVaL a[WVlOV' TO oln080v8T)oav TIOVTOT1O vopanKWe; OOOl OlT)u8uVOVTO TIapa TOO nV1OUlIaToe;. 'EK1OlVOl
olIcue;, 01 6TIOlOl we; 130 0lv T~e; Kp(01OWe; LC.0V clXOV Tae;
al08~ole; lIovae;, 1OUPWKOV OKOT1OlV~V Kal aTIapOO1OKTOV
TijV oA~81OlaV, on aAAT) 56valIle; TIpaYlIanKwe; EV1OPYO e;
EKTOe; TOO TIV1OUlIaTOe; OEV lmOpXL AUTij clval TJ aAiJ81Ola,
nlv 6TIo(av Twpa KaTaYlvolI108a va On051OlC;CU/11OV ETIlOTT)I-l0VlKWe; 5la TWV t(lUXlKWV CPalvolIEVCUV Kat TJ lI1OYOAT) OT)lIao(a aUTWV 1Olval, on ayouv TOV av8pcuTIOV va avayvcup(on. OTl 6 KOOlIoe; TOU nV1OulIaTOe; clVaL 6 KoolIoe; TWV
alT(cuv, 6 oE UAlI<Oe; KoolIoe; lIoVOV TJ 6pmij EK5iJACUOlC;
auTOO. K0810 nVEUl-lanoTije; X1Ol OUTUl TliV UTIOXPECUOLV
va OUVloCPEPD TijV OVOAOYOV 8uo(av OL<:x TijV 10UpUTEpav
OlOOOOlV T~e; aAT)81OLae; TauTT)e;, r., 6TIOLa, ETIapKWe; acpolIolOUIJEVT), elva[ '(ocue; r., lIovT) KaToAAT)AOe; va ElITI1OOWOn TTJV
1OlP~VT)V lIETac;u TWV OV8pWTIC.0V.
'0 nvwlIanolIOe; lIfre; ouvavTQ: tTIt TOO TI1OO[OU TOU
UAlOlIOO, Kat 8ET1Ol lIlav KALlIaKa 1Ote; Tilv 5l08w(v I-lae;,
Ola T~e; 6TIOLae; clval ouvaTOV va aVEA8culIEV Ele; TO TIEOlOV
Tfje; TIVWlIanKOtl'jToe;. 'Eav r.,lIEle; aval3ww:v, elVaL Ka8~Kov
lIae;, CSXl va acpalpEoCUlIEV TijV KALlIaKa, aAAa va TIpOOTIa8iJoculIEV va TijV OTEPEWOCUlIEV EK TWV avcu, WOTE ot aAAOl
va ijlITIOPOOV va TijV XPTJatlIOTIOlijoouv lIE lI10yaAEl TEpav
aO<J>OAELaV' ae; Elw:8a of: I3E[3aLOl, on EV Tn TOLaUTn TIPOOTIa8El<;x lIae; 8a 1I08culIEV locue; TIOAAa TIpoYlIaTa, TCX
6TIOla Of:V TIPETIEl va ayvowlIEV.
nOAAot avnAalI[3ovovTal TijV OTIOU5alOTTJTa Kat T&
TIPOVOlILOV T~e; 8UOLae; Ol' Eva TOlOOTOV ~KOTIOV. ' AAA
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nVEUlIanolIou KUplCUe; we; lIEoou, ola TTJV lOlK~v TWV avoTITUl:;lv, ~ EK TIvEulIaTOe; TIEPlEpYELae;, 11 TIpoe; lKavOTIo(TjaLV
TIPOOCUTIlKWV <J>lAOOOl:;lwV, ~-OTIEP Op90TEPOV, ana Kat
nOALV cplAaUTlKOV-Olon Up(OKOUV Ete; aUTOV nap a lIu8[av
r

1
I

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50-

'IlEoa Etc; TO TtEV8CC; TCUV 'Eav TO EvOlaq>Epcv !lac; OEV E~

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TO.O OUK ~A8cv olaKcvIl8ilVaL aAAa olaKCVElOaL Kal apX(OCU!lEV Va AaXTap&flEV KaTtClCV OKCTtOV UtpTJAOTEPCV Kat
TtClCC; OKOTtOC; T]!lTtCPEl va Etval UtpTJAOTEPCC; TOO va !lcx8i]OCU!lEV Ola 1"1)V EYKa8[opuOlV Tilc; dpi]vTJC; dC; TOV KOO!lCV ;
Etval TtEPl1"1"OV va 8(E,CU!lEV, on 6 nVEU!lanO"!lOC; ETvaL
aVlKavcc; va ETtLOCKlflaon TO AOYlCV "Evac; Evac; KOO!lCC;
llE T1']V oElpav TCU To AOYlCV aUTO OEV EXEl Kaflfllav EVVClav Ol' EKElVCV, 6 6TtClCC; fJE,EUPEl, on 6 aAAcc; KOOllCC;
Kat 6 Ttapwv KOO!lcc;aAATJACOlaTtEp&nal Kat all l;;&!lEV
EVtOC; ouc KooflcuV TauTcxpoVCUC; A1 OUC KaTaoTaoElC; EtVal ouvuq>aO!lEVaL, Ka8wc; TO OTTJflOVl Kat TO uq>aol. "AC;
ETtCUq>EATJ8&t1EV Tilc; TtPCElOCTtOLi]OECUC; aUTilC; Kat ac; TtACUTtOCU!lEV T1']V l;;cu1']v flE OAa, oaa EtVaL aE,la TtpCOCxilc;, aTtO
Tf\C; OKCTtLaC; TO.O nVEU!laTCC;o , ETtElof) , EE, ayvctac;, 6 nVEUllanofloc; EtVaL 8E!la OU06:>VU!lCV, Ka8wc; TjTC ETttOT]C; 6
XploTlavl0!loc; [30EAUKtOC; KaTa TaC; apxac; Tf\C; 10TOptac;
TCU, 6q>E[AC!lEV va E'(!lE8a OTJ!lElCUO&C; UYLElC; KaTa TO 0&!la, OlaVCTJTlK&C; Vi]q>CVTEC; Kai EtC; TaC; ouvaAAayac; EUXaplOTCl, TtPO TtaVTCUV OE C1>LAaAi]8ElC; Kai aKEpaLCl EV TtaVTt
alOTl Ta TtpCOCUTtLKa !lac;. EAa1"1"6:>llaTa UTtOKElVTaL va aTtCac8cOv ELC; TOV ~KCTtOV, TOV 6TtClCV TtC8C0!lEV va EE,UTITJoPETi)OCU!lEV -naVTa !lci Ec,Eonv aAA' cu TtaVTa oUfl.q>EPEL
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BIBI\I09HKH

EKaoeENTA:

LI,,}aC1xa,ua IIvsvI-'titoov
Etc; ~O Xeiloc; ~OV At tJ.sQ"ov
1JfvXT1.UO; ,,:xl II vSlJ.:.t:InT1J.l-O;
<H lI{}aYl-'a'H"o~1/; IIvev.ua'H"oV KOC11-'OV.
Td 21/I-'egvd IIvevl-'a'HC1'H"d
4iaw61-'eva ":IL at Ex"l1/C1ia.
Melba en, teOv 4iawol-'tvoov toii IIveVl-'atUl1-'oii.
Td AlC1tJ.1/C1axd 4iavol-'eva
~OV IIVeVl-'a'HC11-'ov.
Td N01/C1.a"d 4iawol-'eva ~oii
IIVeVl-'a'HC11-'Ov.
AnotSetSeYI-'tv1/ EmpiooC1c;
LIal-'eC1xoC; Ka~aQnC11-'OC;
IIa{}enol-'eva ."ijc;EmpUJJC1eooc;
LlHtd 1",a IIVeVl-'a'HC1t7}C;;
To Ai'vYI-'a ~oii AvtJ.{}wnov
'EmplooC1C; I-'etd etivatov

LlQx.

William Staintoll l\loses

75

J. Arthur Findlay

50

P.rof. Ernesto Bozzano

75

Sir Oliver Lodge F. R. S" 20

Alo. Charles L.

Tweedal~

20

Sir William Crookes F. R. S. 40

Stanley de Brath M.lnst. C.E.20

oro. C. Drayton Thomas 15

Sir Oliver Lodge F. R. S. 15
Helen Alex Dallas
15
Macgregor & Underhill
15
Dr. Carl Freiherrn du Pre!'
Dr. Carl Freiherrn du Pre!'
Alo. Charles L. Tweedale

npo~Exn~:

To ZOO'H"OV M7}vvl-'a
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Zvvo:rnue1} IIe{}Ul"on1} "a
2v,vD-e'H"1} <E{}I-'1/ve!a ~OV
IIve v l-'anC11-'Ov.
Dr. Gustave Geley