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Steven Tiesdell, Revitalizing Historic Urban Quarters , 1996

Munro. Tomas, Evaluation in the Arts and other theories of culture
History "Cleveland Museum of Art
London E & FN Spon ,David Highfiled, Refurbishment and
upgrading of buildings, 2000.
Poirazis, H ,Double Skin Facades, 2004
LEED 2009, Will incorporate what USGBC calls an "Alternative
Compliance Path for the reuse of existing buildings than was the
case with LEED Version 2.2
Michael Forsyth, Structures & construction in historic building
conservation, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering
University of Bath,2007
James Douglas Heriot, Building Adaptation, Second edition , Watt
University, Edinburgh, UK,2006
Jay Yang , Smart and sustainable built environments, 2007
Keith Moskow, SUSTAINABLE FACILITIES, Green Design,
Construction ,and Operations , AIA,2008
Michael Wigginton and Jude Harris, Intelligent Skins, 2002
LEED organization, EXISITNG BUILDINGS, OPERATIONS &
MAINTENANCE, LEED Rating System ,2nd Public Comment Draft
,July 2011
Thesis:
Elttony sayed, Urban conservation of older housing areas,
Appropriating, The process, IAHS, World congress on
Housing Trends Housing projects, Miami, Florida, USA, 1986,
Nesbitt kate, Theorizing a new Agenda for architecture an
anthology
of
architectural
theory19651995,Princeton
Architectural press , new York, 1996

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How to become an energy efficient company a guide for

Egyptian enterprises, Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische
Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Egyptian German Private Sector
Development Programme (PSDP), Cairo, April 2010
Smart Building and the future Of middle East,Cairo Convention
Center, 13th,April 2012,
Low
Energy
Cooling
for
Sustainable
Buildings,Ursula
Eicker,Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Historic Building Conservation I: Understanding Conservation,
Edited by Michael De Jong Forsyth,2007
Conservation and sustainability in historic cities , 1st ed, Dennis
Rodwell,2007
Solar Technologies for Buildings, Ursula Eicker,University of
Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany,2001

Internet Websites
http://www.shadirwan.com
http://www.arch.hku.hk/research/BEER/index.html
http://info.aia.org
http://www.dpcd.vic.gov.au/heritage/sustainability#
Heritage_and_sustainability
http://www.bundestag.de/htdocs_e/index.html
http://www.eulc.edu.eg/eulc/libraries/start.aspx
http://www.darelkotob.gov.eg
https://buildingdata.energy.gov
https://maps.google.com
http://www.akdn.org
https://new.usgbc.org/projects/existing-buildings
http://www.jetsongreen.com/
http://www.greatforest.com/leed-projects.html
http://www.energy.soton.ac.uk/links.html
http://www.schorsch.com/en/kbase/redir/interior.html
http://www.solatube.com
http://www.coltgroup.com
http://www.projects.bre.co.ukenvbuildindex.html

The Architectural Environmental Compatibility as an Approach to

Conservation of the Heritage Buildings in Egypt
Practical Approach

Conducting analytical study of some models of preservation
and rehabilitation of valuable buildings which is done by
means of:
Monitoring and analyzing some tests and regulations
applied to the valuable buildings and the
environmental compatibility
Achieving a set of recommendations and regulations
that take into account the environmental effect of
reusing the valuable buildings

Research Determinants
In case studies the research focuses on studying the
buildings of heritage value that belong to the period
from 19th till the early 20th century.
In the studied cases the research does not involve the
creative activity of designers in the architectural
projects
The research focuses on studying the used methods
and strategies in the process of rehabilitation and
reuse, taking into account the environmental influence
of the buildings of heritage value.
The research includes the study of the environmental
compliance of the rehabilitated buildings of heritage
value in terms of the efficiency of internal environment
(lighting thermal internal ventilation) and the
efficiency of environmental suitability (the ability of the
buildings to collect environmental data using
renewable energy sources self generation of energyreducing the energy consumption), that is without
some other aspects of environmental compatibility like
water and raw materials sustainability and etc.
+

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:
One of the most important methods of Conservation
buildings of heritage value is their rehabilitation and using
them to perform a new function appropriate to their
facilities and age and compatible with environmental
sustainability in order to keep their historical, cultural and
artistic value.
The environmental compatibility concept being applied
during rehabilitation of buildings of heritage value, the policy
of Conservation and renewing these buildings will give the
maximum benefit.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Formulating the research problem
Setting the objectives
Theoretical approach
Creating the database of the basic information about the
subject of the study and considering the following three main
directions in terms of it:
Monitoring the value and importance of
buildings of heritage value.
Focusing on reusing buildings of heritage value
as a start of preservation process.
Reviewing the environmental directions and
various approaches of dealing with architectural
heritage and emphasizing the importance of
improving the environmental effect in order to
provide the total development
*

This principle being implemented, the challenges and

environmental, technical and organizational obstacles
were found due to the reusing of these buildings. As a result
of the interaction between architectural work and building
equipment of modern engineering value meeting the
contemporary needs, one of the most important obstacles
is using such equipment systems without taking into account
their environmental effect and the environmental
sustainability of valuable buildings which are mentioned in
international conventions and treaties.
This is the result of interaction between the requirements of
architectural and engineering systems that often lack the
environmental coordination, which affects buildings
negatively and, therefore, the rehabilitation process
appears to have an adverse effect on the process of
Conservation buildings.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:
This research aims to study the effect of environmental
compatibility on Conservation the buildings of heritage
value.
The importance of research and its benefits
Monitoring the value and importance of buildings of
heritage value
Focusing on reusing buildings of heritage value as a
start of preservation process
Reviewing the environmental directions and various
approaches of dealing with architectural heritage and
emphasizing the importance of improving the
environmental effect in order to provide the total
development
Using the study as an effective tool for formulation of
architects thoughts and reference to evaluate their
results
)

RESEARCH PROBLEM:
Egypt is considered to be one of the rich countries with

the buildings of cultural value. This abundance has
created the problem of Conservation that wealth and
highlighting the artistic and historical aspects of the
buildings that face a lot of neglecting and abusing. At
the same time reforming and Conservation this wealth
require very high significant potential and are not limited
only to the Conservation of the building, but extend to
their running and Conservation. The Egyptian heritage
suffers from many problems associated with the
economical, political, cultural and social reality, including
the associated concepts of conservation operations.
There are those who treat the valuable buildings as
ordinary and restore their architectural and decorative
aspects, and there are those who deal with these
buildings as intermediates reused to meet the
requirements of their new function without paying
attention to their historical and heritage significance.
Being passed from generation to generation, many of
those buildings have come to a very bad state which
prevents them from fulfilling their original or changed
function. It caused disharmony between the buildings
and the community. A lot of international treaties and
conventions state that reusing such valuable buildings
after conservation is one of the best ways to maintain
them, because such tendency is not limited to the
revived functionally which contributes significantly to
Conservation, but extends to economical, social and
cultural effects and presence of configurable
architecture and the surrounding urban content.
(

Conservation
of the Heritage Buildings in Egypt

INTRODUCTION:
Heritage is considered to be cultural wealth representing
peoples values, ideas, beliefs, customs and traditions, and
since heritage represents the nation's identity, it has its
originality and maintains it. It is physical history and true
mirror of any civilization.
The man's relationship with his heritage is an organic
relationship which can be reflected in his identity and
associated in his consciousness with historical, religious,
cultural, social and political aspects. Moreover, human
connection with his heritage is an extension of his feeling of
the God, universe and life.
Problems of heritage and identity appeared in the
beginning of the modern era and the early renaissance in
the Arab countries after the centuries of decadence and
collision of the Islamic culture with the European culture
when Napoleon campaign came to Egypt and was
followed by the western occupation of most Arab and
Islamic countries during that campaign. The accompanying
missions taught the Islamic countries the European sciences
and techniques and the Arab countries began trying to
determine their position and show their identity in the face
of this intruder and its culture. Hence, the Arab countries
witnessed the appearance of some new ideas which tore
people away from their environment, customs, traditions
and even identity.
'
INTRODUCTION

The part ends with the third chapter which provides the
applied study of the research by focusing on the main
objectives of the applied study, its relevance and the
criteria of the selected samples of the study, and the criteria
of the evaluation of the local experience of rehabilitation
use.
The conclusion of the study proves the most important
findings of the research and is considered to be a summary
showing the outline of what has been focused on in the
research, and the conclusions of the highlighted points, and
then translating those results into a set of recommendations
addressed to a number of authorities in order to raise the
Egyptian architecture to the competitive level or
unequalled global level and to place Egypt in its right rank
of the developed nations in the coming era.
&

The third chapter deals with the conservation strategies for

heritage valuable buildings through a review of definitions
and concepts of conservation and problems of
Conservation the heritage buildings. It highlights the policies
and methods of Conservation, influencing factors and
implementation requirements and deals with some of the
problems of the applying conservation policies in heritage
buildings. The chapter ends with the exposure to a range of
international experience of Conservation operations by
analyzing a combination of international projects for the
processes of Conservation the heritage value buildings.
The second part presents the general framework strategies
of reusing and exploiting valuable buildings by highlighting
a range of definitions and concepts related to this issue. It
also deals with the conditions and criteria that must be
considered when selecting the optimal use of valuable
buildings, which includes the appropriate functional value
of the building structuring convenient function of the
building, spatial relevance of building. The conclusion of the
part presents a review of local experience of rehabilitation
and reuse of a group of local examples.
The third part consists of three chapters. The first chapter
deals with the concept of energy and the increased need
of it and the connection between consumed energy in
buildings and environmental pollution. It highlights the
architectural trends of reducing energy consumption. The
second chapter deals with the environmental compliance
concept, environmental sustainability and strategies for
environmental compliance in valuable buildings and its role
in reducing the energy consumption by studying the three
main points "the efficiency of lighting environment, the
efficiency of thermal environment and the efficiency of
internal ventilation".
%

Conservation
of the Heritage Buildings in Egypt

RESEARCH SUMMARY:
The concepts and methods of preserving heritage have
witnessed great development over the centuries. Such
interest was obvious and tangible in the twentieth century;
new strategies were applied to these concepts and
methods to provide an integrated system for preservation of
heritage. One of the most important methods is to reuse
and exploit the buildings of value after restoration. These
methods being applied, the environmental
and
economical challenges and obstacles were found which
prevent applying these principles properly. It negatively
affects the process of Conservation, using and exploiting
the buildings of heritage value. In terms of this problem
many international organizations and authorities consider
the environmental factor as an essential engine in solving
these issues, since it provides strategies and methods which
can help restore the balance between the objectives of
Conservation operations and the methods of Conservation
operation management.
The research deals with the subject of Architectural
Environmental
Compatibility as an Approach to
Conservation of Heritage Buildings in Egypt. The first part
consists of three chapters, the first chapter deals with the
concept of value and includes the definitions, statements
and previous researches. It also reviews the forms of values
and the foundations for selecting the values of heritage
buildings. The second chapter defines the architectural
heritage which is considered as the main point of the
architecture which indicates the physical identity of the
society. Also the chapter deals with the concepts of
traditions and modernity and reviews the trends of dealing
with architectural heritage and the factors affecting the
architectural heritage. The chapter focuses on the most
important problems the architectural heritage is facing.
$
RESEARCH SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my deepest gratitude and

appreciation to Prof.HOSSAM ELDIN HASSAN ELBROMBALY
for his valuable guidance, encouragement and strong
support.
I would like to thank Dr. MUSTAFA REFAAT AHMED ISMAIL
for his close following up and guidance.
Many thanks are to my colleagues and friends for their
support and help during the work of my thesis.
Special thanks to my family for their great support and love.
Curriculum Vitae
Name of Researcher
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Last Degree

Name of University
Date of Degree
Current Job
Amin Mohamed Hussein Afifi

1/10/1984
Cairo, Egypt
B.Sc. in Architectural Engineering -
Building Technology
Modern Academy for Engineering &

Technology
June 2006
.Teaching Assistant at the Architecture
Dept. in Modern Academy for
Engineering & Technology
. Architect in MEDAD Consultant Engineers
STATEMENT
This dissertation is submitted to Ain Shams University in

partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Science in
Architecture Engineering.
The included work in this thesis has been carried by the
author at the Architectural Department, Faculty of
Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
No part of this thesis was submitted for a degree or a
qualification at any other University or Institution.
Name: Amin Mohamed Hussein Afifi

Signature:
Date:

Dept. of Architecture
Faculty of Engineering
Ain Shams University
APPROVAL SHEET
The Architectural Environmental Compatibility
as an Approach to Conservation of the Heritage
Buildings in Egypt

By
Architect AMIN MOHAMED HUSSEIN AFIFI

Approved by
Name, Title and Affiliation
Prof.Dr. Soheir Zaki Hawas
Professor of Architecture &Urban Design

Department of Architecture
Faculty of Engineering - Cairo University
Prof.Dr. Shaimaa Mohamed Kamel

Professor of Architecture
Faculty of Engineering - Ain Shams University
Prof.Dr. HOSSAM ELDIN HASSAN ELBROMBALY

Professor of Architecture
Assoc.Prof.Dr. MUSTAFA REFAAT AHMED ISMAIL

Associate Professor of Architecture
Signature
APPROVAL SHEET

Buildings in Egypt

Prepared By
Architect. AMIN MOHAMED HUSSEIN AFIFI
Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Engineering- Ain Shams University

as Partial Fulfillment of the Master Degree (M.Sc.)

Approved By
NAME
Signature
Prof.Dr. HOSSAM ELDIN HASSAN ELBROMBALY

Professor of Architecture Department
Faculty of Engineering- Ain Shams University
Assoc.Prof.Dr. MUSTAFA REFAAT AHMED ISMAIL

Associate Professor of Architecture Department


Buildings in Egypt

Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Engineering- Ain Shams University
as Partial Fulfillment of the Master Degree (M.Sc.)

Prepared By
Architect AMIN MOHAMED HUSSEIN AFIFI

Supervised By
Prof. HOSSAM ELDIN HASSAN ELBROMBALY

Professor at Architecture Department
Assoc.Prof. MUSTAFA REFAAT AHMED ISMAIL

Associate Professor at Architecture Department

The Architectural Environmental Compatibility

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Steven Tiesdell, Revitalizing Historic Urban Quarters , 1996

Papers, Reports & Conferences:

How to become an energy efficient company a guide for

The Architectural Environmental Compatibility as an Approach to

The Architectural Environmental Compatibility as an Approach to

The Architectural Environmental Compatibility as an Approach to

This principle being implemented, the challenges and

The Architectural Environmental Compatibility as an Approach to

Egypt is considered to be one of the rich countries with

The Architectural Environmental Compatibility as an Approach to

The Architectural Environmental Compatibility as an Approach to

The Architectural Environmental Compatibility as an Approach to

The third chapter deals with the conservation strategies for

The Architectural Environmental Compatibility as an Approach to

I would like to express my deepest gratitude and

Amin Mohamed Hussein Afifi

Modern Academy for Engineering &

This dissertation is submitted to Ain Shams University in

Name: Amin Mohamed Hussein Afifi

Architect AMIN MOHAMED HUSSEIN AFIFI

Professor of Architecture &Urban Design

Prof.Dr. Shaimaa Mohamed Kamel

Prof.Dr. HOSSAM ELDIN HASSAN ELBROMBALY

Assoc.Prof.Dr. MUSTAFA REFAAT AHMED ISMAIL

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