BI GING

Bin i Nng Lng in C

TS. H Phm Huy nh
TS. Nguyn Quang Nam
March 2010
http://www4.hcmut.edu.vn/~hphanh/teach.html
Lecture 8

My in ng B Gii thiu chung

My in ng b c dng ph bin trong h thng nng lng lm cc
my pht in ba pha . Cng sut pht c th t vi kVA cho n 1100 MVA.
Dy qun ba pha c b tr trn mch t tnh stator cn dy qun kch t DC
c b tr trn mch t quay rotor. Rotor c ko quay bi ngun s cp. Cc
my pht in cng sut nh thng dng li t thng trc (permanent magnets)
to t trng quay.
Tc quay ng b ca my pht quyt nh trc tip n gi tr tn s ca
dng p ba pha a ln li, v c lp vi iu kin ti.
Gio trnh tp trung gii thiu cc kt qu nn tng, cch xy dng biu thc m
men v quan h khi my pht vn hnh xc lp da trn mch tng ng. Cc
kiu my in ng b 1 pha v 2 pha ch c gii thiu s lc lm nn khi
phn tch vn hnh my in ng b ba pha .
Lecture 8

My in ng b mt pha
Kho st my in trn Fig. 6.1 ca G.T., vi dy qun stator v rotor phn
b. Cc gi tr t thng lin kt c tnh bi:

s = N s2 L0 i s + N s N r L0 (1 2 )ir = Ls i s + Lsr ( )ir

r = N s N r L0 (1 2 )i s + N r2 L0 i r = Lsr ( )i s + Lr ir
Hai dy qun xem nh c ghp cp vi gi tr ng nng lng xc nh bi:

Wm' =

1
1
Ls i s2 + Lr ir2 + Lsr ( )i s ir
2
2

T m men in c xc nh bi:
'

W
dLsr ( )
e
m
T =
= is ir
= is ir M sin ( )

Trong thnh phn cn bn ca Lsr() l Mcos().

Lecture 8

My in ng b mt pha (tt)
M hnh ng ca my in B c xy dng t cc quan h (xem Fig. 6.3)

d s
v s = i s Rs +
dt

dr
v r = i r Rr +
dt

d 2
d
J 2 + K + B
= Te +T m
dt
dt

Vi Tm l gi tr m men tc ng ngoi theo chiu gc dng.

ch vn hnh xc lp, cng sut c c tnh bi:

pm = T e m = m I s I r M cos( s t ) cos( r t )sin ( )

Gi s iu kin tn s c tha, cng sut trung bnh c tnh nh sau,

pm (av ) = m I s I r sin ( ) 4
l gi tr gc hng nhm bo m = mt + . Kt qu trn cho thy m men
p mch, vi gi tr cng sut thay i gia zero v gi tr nh. Tnh trng ny
c th c ci thin bng cch thm cun dy ph vo c stator v rotor,
cho ta my in B hai pha.

Lecture 8

My in ng b hai pha
Kho st my in B 2 pha trn Fig. 6.4 ca G.T., vi b tr dy qun stator
v rotor c th. Lu 2 cun dy qun stator v rotor c b tr khng c
hin tng ghp cp tng h. Ta xc nh gi tr ng nng lng t cc
thnh phn t thng lin kt. T m men in c xc nh bi:
'

W
m
Te =
= M [(iar ibs ias ibr ) cos( ) (ias iar + ibr ibs )sin ( )]

Khi cp dng 2 pha cn bng vo h thng dy qun 2 pha, cng sut khng
i c hnh thnh.

p m = T e m = m I r I s M sin [( m s + r )t + ]

Nhm ti u hai cun cn t lch 900 trong khng gian cng nh 2 dng pha
cn lch pha nhau 900 in, cng sut hnh thnh c th t gi tr ti u

p m = m I r I s M sin ( )
Lecture 8

Kho st my in ng b ba pha
Kho st my in ng b ba pha cc lm (salient) 2 cc (xem Fig. 6.7). My
in loi ny c dng nh my pht thy in B tc thp v ng c B
mt pha cng sut thp. Dy qun stator mc kiu ri phn b nhm to sc t
ng sinusoidal mmfs qua khe h vi rotor.

Lecture 8

Khi nim t trng quay

V nguyn tc dy qun ba pha stator mc lch 1200 trong khng gian. Khi cp
dng ba pha vo h thng, dy qun ba pha stator s to t trng quay c bin
khng i, vi gi thit mch t khng b bo ha. Tng t, dy qun hai pha
stator s mc lch 900 trong khng gian s to t trng quay khi cp dng hai
pha vo h thng.

Lecture 8

Rotor cc lm (salient-pole) v rotor bng mt (round)

GT s khng kho st k cu trc rotor cc lm. Trng hp rotor bng mt,
m men in c xc nh bi biu thc
'

W
dM ar
dM br
dM cr
e
m
T =
= ia ir
+ ib i r
+ ic i r

d
d
d
= ia ir M sin ( ) ib ir M sin 120 0 ic ir M sin + 120 0

Lecture 8

Trng hp rotor dy qun

Khi ngun kch t l dng ba pha cn bng, biu thc m men c dng

I m I r M 3 sin ( s t ) I m I r M 3 sin (mt + s t )

=
T =
2
2
e

Vi = mt + . M men s t gi tr trung bnh khi m = s, cn c gi l tc

ng b.

3
3
T = I m I r M sin ( ) =
I a I r M sin ( )
2
2
e

Lc ny tc c ng b m bng vi tn s li in s (rad/s)

2n s
m =
= 2f
60
Vi ns l tc c ng b tnh bng (vng/pht).
Lecture 8

Xc nh in p ch xc lp
in p pha xc lp c tnh bi:

MI r
3
V a = j L0 s I a + j
s e j = jx s I a + E ar
2
2
Mch tng ng pha a v gin vector khi vn hnh nh ng c B
c th hin trn hnh. Gc cn gi gc cng sut l gc lch t Va n Ear.
jxs
Ia
Va

PT

Pm

Elec.

Mech.

Va
jxsIa

Ear

Ear
Ia

Kt qu tng t cho pha b v c.

Lecture 8

10

Xy dng biu thc tnh cng sut

u tin dng ng s bng

Va E ar
Ia =
jx s

Vi ba pha cn bng, cng sut tc dng tng s l:

PT = 3Pa = 3 Re E ar I a*
Dng Va l vector tham chiu, ta c

E ar = E ar

3E arVa ( 2 + )
3E arVa sin ( )
3
0
=
PT = Re jE ar Va 0 =
xs
xs
xs

T tnh c m men

3E arVa sin ( )
T =
=
=
m s
xs s
e

PT

PT

Nh vy khi vn hnh nh ng c B, PT > 0, ta phi c < 0.

Lecture 8

11

My pht in ng b ba pha
T mch tng ng ta xy dng c quan h c bn:

Va = jx s I a + E ar

hay

E ar = Va + jx s I a

T xc nh c dng phn ng v cng sut pht ba pha:

Va 0 0 E ar ( ) 3Va E ar sin ( )
=
PT = 3 Re

jx
xs
s

E ar Va
Ia =
jx s
jxs

Ear

Ia
Va

Ear

jxsIa

Va
Ia

Lecture 8

12

Bi Tp 6.1
Cho my in ng b ba pha u wye ni li 60 Hz 2 cc c xs = 5 /phase.
Cho my in vn hnh nh C, nhn dng 30 A vi p pha 254 V v cos(phi) l
0.8 sm. Xc nh Ear v Te. Bit tng cc tn hao dy qun, tn hao quay v tn
hao thp l 400 W, hy xc nh m men c ch u trc? Tm thm hiu sut ca
C?

jxs

Ia

Ia
Va

Ear

Va

jxsIa
Ear

Lecture 8

13

Bi Tp 6.3
Gi s dng kch t Ir c chnh sao cho cng sut tng khng i nh BT
6.2 v cos(phi)=1 vi cng gi tr u vo. Tm gi tr mi ca dng stator v Ear.

( )

PT cos 0 0
18286
=
= 24 A
Ia =
3Va
3 254
jxs

E ar = 254 j120 = 280.9 25.8 0 V

Ia
Va

Ia

Va

Ear

jxsIa
Ear

Lecture 8

14

Bi Tp 6.4
Cho my in ng b ba pha 2 cc u wye c xs = 2 per phase. c vn
hnh nh my pht cp p Va 1905 V per phase. Dng ti tiu th 350 A vi
cos(phi) ti l 0.8 tr. Tm Ear, gc , v m men in cn c.

E ar = 1905 + j 2 350 36.87 0 = 239113.54 0 V

3E arVa sin ( ) 3 2391 1905 0.23416

=
= 42440 N.m
T =
2 377
xs s
e

Ear

Ia
Va

jxs
Ear

jxsIa

Va
Ia

Lecture 8

15

My in ng b nhiu cc
S lng i cc c lin quan trc tip ti tc ng b ca t trng quay (
xem minh ha rotor Fig. 6.24(a) ca GT). Vi mi cun dy, ng sc t phi
qua 2 cc khp kn mch t.
Kho st rotor Fig. 6.24(b), vi cu trc 2 cp cc. T trng quay phi mt
2 chu k (7200 in) ng vi trc c quay 1 vng 3600. Ta c

elec = 2 mech
Tng qut, vi my in B c p i cc,

elec = s = pmech

Vi s l tn s ng b li in (rad/s). qui v f (tnh bng Hz) tng ng

vi vn tc c ng b ns (tnh bng vng/pht) ta c:

60 f
ns =
p
Lecture 8

16

Bi Tp 6.5
Cho my in ng b ba pha 60Hz, 6 cc, u wye c ko quay bi turbine
cp 16910 W cho trc quay. Bit tn hao ng v tn hao ma st l 500 W. Dng
kch t c chnh sao cho p Ear t l vi If v Ear = 355 V. My pht cp p dy
440 V cho ti. Xc nh vn tc, Ear, Ia gc lch pha v cng sut phc u ra ca
my pht. Bit in khng ng b xs = 5 .

Lecture 8

17

Bin php hiu chnh h s cng sut (HSCS)

Nh kho st, ng c B ba pha c th nhn nng lng in t li
vn hnh vi HSCS sm hay tr ty . u th ny c dng ci thin HSCS
ton cc ca li m ng c B ang kt ni.
Trong thc t, ng c B c dng nh my b B vn hnh khng ti,
thng chy qu kch thch c HSCS sm. ch vn hnh ny, di gc
ng nng lng, Earsin phi l hng s (ng vi cng sut tc dng khng
i nhn t li), a n gin vector nh hnh.
Va

Gin vector cho thy, khi

Ia

tng kch t (Ear tng), gi tr

dng ng Ia v gc lch pha
gia Va v Ia s gim (v HSCS

jxsIa

jxsIa

Ia

tng).

Ear
Lecture 8

Ear
18

Bi Tp 6.7
Cho my in B 3 pha u wye cp in cho ti c Pt = 1500 kW vi cos(phi)
0.8 PF tr vi p dy 1732 V. Mt ng c B chy khng ti c mc thm
vo li nhm ci thin cos(phi) bng n v. Tm dng cn cp cho ng c B
.

Lecture 8

19