Chng I: QU TRNH HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CA T

TNG H CH MINH.
Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca t tng H Ch Minh tri qua 5 giai on :
1. Thi k 1890-1911: Giai on hnh thnh ch ngha yu nc v ch hng cch
mng ca H Ch Minh .
y l giai on H Ch Minh tip nhn truyn thng yu nc, nhn ngha ca dn
tc, hp th vn vn ha Quc hc, Hn hc, bc u tip xc vi vn ha phng Ty.
Chng kin cuc sng iu ng, c cc ca nhn dn, tinh thn u tranh bt khut ca
cha anh, hnh thnh nn hoi bo cu nc ca mnh .
Qu hng, gia nh, truyn thng dn tc l nhng nhn t trc tip nh hng
n s hnh thnh nhn cch H Ch Minh .
2. Thi k 1911-1920: Tm thy con ng cu nc, gii phng dn tc .
Giai on bn ba tm ng cu nc cho dn tc H Ch Minh :
Tm hiu cch mng M, cch mng Php, kho st cuc sng ca nhn
dn cc dn tc b p bc thuc a v nhn dn lao ng chnh quc .
Cui nm 1917 chu nh hng ca cuc cch mng Thng Mi Nga .
Gi yu sch i quyn t do dn ch c bn cho dn tc Vit Nam hi
ngh Verxy 1919 .
Thng 7/1920 c Lun cng v vn dn tc v vn thuc a ca
Lnin .
Thng 12/1920 tham gia thnh lp ng cng sn Php v tn thnh Quc
t III .
T ch ngha yu nc H Ch Minh tip thu ch ngha Mc Lnin, gn phong
tro cch mng Vit Nam vi phong tro cng nhn quc t, tm ra con ng gii phng
ng n cho dn tc Vit Nam.
3. Thi k 1921-1930: Giai on hnh thnh c bn t tng v cch mng Vit Nam.
Trong giai on ny hot ng l lun v thc tin ca Nguyn i Quc din ra nh sau :
- 1921-1923 Php : hot ng trong ng Cng sn Php, thnh lp Hi lin hip
cc dn tc thuc a ca Php, ra bo Ngi cng kh (Le Paria), tuyn truyn
ch ngha Mc Lnin vo cc nc thuc a .
- 1923-1924 Lin X : Hot ng trong Quc t Cng sn, tham d i hi V
Quc t Cng sn, Quc t Thanh nin, Quc t Cu t , Quc t Cng hi ,
tham gia vit bi trn tp ch ca Quc t Cng sn, ca ng Cng sn Lin X .
- 1924-1927 v Qung Chu (Trung Quc.) : Thnh lp Hi lin hip cc dn tc
b p bc ng sau thnh lp Hi Vit Nam Thanh nin cch mng, ra bo
Thanh nin, m lp hun luyn cch mng . Tc phm ng cch mnh ca
Nguyn i Quc ra i 1927 .
- 1928-1929 Thi Lan: Xy dng phong tro cch mng Thi Lan, tr v Hng
Cng (Trung Quc) ch tr hi ngh thng nht cc t chc Cng sn .

Tc phm chnh :
Bn n ch thc dn Php (1925)
ng cch mng (1927)
Chnh cng, sch lc, chng trnh vn tt ca ng Cng sn Vit
Nam (1930)
Vch r bn cht ca ch ngha thc dn, ch ra k th chung ca cc dn tc
thuc a, ca giai cp cng nhn v nhn dn lao ng ton th gii l ch ngha
thc dn .
Cch mng gii phng dn tc trong thi i mi phi i theo con ng cch
mng v sn, gii phng dn tc phi gn lin vi gii phng giai cp cng nhn
v nhn dn lao ng .
Cch mng gii phng dn tc thuc a quan h khng kht vi cch mng v
sn chnh quc nhng bnh ng khng ph thuc nhau. Cch mng gii phng
dn tc c th bng n v ginh thng li trc cch mng v sn chnh quc .
Cch mng thuc a trc ht l cuc dn tc cch mnh nh ui ngoi
xm ginh c lp t do cho dn tc .
Ni dung c bn ca t tng H Ch Minh v con ng cch mng Vit Nam :
- Lc lng cch mng l ton th dn tc, ng lc ca cch mng l lin minh
cng nng do giai cp cng nhn lnh o, s cn thit phi thc hin khi on
kt rng ri ton dn .
- Phng php cch mng : phi tp hp, gic ng, t chc qun chng t thp
n cao, phi nm vng tnh th thi c cch mng .
- Phi c ng theo ch ngha Mc Lnin, c i ng cn b hy sinh chin u v
l tng ca ng v s tn vong ca dn tc cch mng mi thnh cng .
Nhng quan im c bn ca Nguyn i Quc v con ng cch mng Vit Nam
c truyn b v trong nc, n vi cc tng lp nhn dn Vit Nam, to ra mt xung
lc mi, mt cht men kch thch , thc y phong tro dn tc pht trin theo xu hng
mi ca thi i .
4. Thi k 1930-1945 : T tng H Ch Minh vt qua th thch, kin tr gi vng lp
trng xc nh cho cch mng Vit Nam .
Th thch m t tng H Ch Minh vt qua :
- B t tng t khuynh ca Quc t Cng sn chi phi, li khng nm vng tnh
hnh thc t cc nc phng ng nn Quc t Cng sn ch trch, ph
phn ng li ca Nguyn i Quc vch ra trong Cng lnh cch mng u
tin ca ng .
- Hi ngh Trung ng thng 10/1930 ca ng chu s ch o ca Quc t Cng
sn cng ran ngh quytth tiuChnh cng, Sch lc vn tt ca ng v
i tn ng thnh ng cng sn ng Dng .
Nguyn i Quc vt qua th thch kh khn trn, kin tr quan im v dn tc
v giai cp ca mnh la chn cho cch mng .

Thc tin cch mng Vit Nam v cch mng th gii chng minh quan im ca
Nguyn i Quc l ng n :
i hi VII Quc t Cng sn (thng7/1935) ph phn khuynh
hngt,hu,bit phi,b ri ngn c dn tc. Quc t Cng sn chuyn
hng chin lc ca cch mng th gii, thnh lp Mt trn dn ch chng pht
xt .
ng Cng sn ng Dng ra Chnh sch mi nm 1936 ph phn ch
trng b phi t khuynh c trc y, tr li vi Chnh cng, Sch lc vn
tt ca H Ch Minh, thnh lp Mt trn nhn dn phn ng Dng .
Hi ngh Trung ng thng 11/ 1939 ca ng ch trng gii phng dn tc l
mc tiu trc tip ca cch mng Vit Nam .
- Thi gian cn nc ngoi Nguyn i Quc lun lun theo di tnh hnh trong
nc, kp thi c s ch o cch mng Vit Nam .
Nm 1938 t Lin X v Trung Quc, ngy 28/01/1941 v nc trc tip lnh
o cch mng, ch tr hi ngh Trung ng ln th ln th VIII ca ng, hon
chnh ch trng chuyn hng ch o chin lc ca cch mng Vit Nam,
chun b ng li cho cch mng thng Tm 1945 .
Tuyn ngn c lp m t tng ct li l c lp, t do gn vi pht trin ln
ch ngha x hi l t tng c H Ch Minh nu ln trong Cng lnh u
tin ca ng 1930 c hin thc ha v tr thnh chn l ca s nghip u
tranh gii phng dn tc v xy dng x hi mi ca dn tc Vit Nam .
Thng li ca cch mng thng Tm 1945 v s ra i ca nc Vit Nam dn
ch cng ha l thng li ca s vn dng sng to pht trin ch ngha Mc
Lnin vo hon cnh Vit Nam, l thng li ca t tng c lp dn tc gn lin
vi ch ngha x hi m H Ch Minh kin nh .
5. Thi k 1945-1969 : T tng H Ch Minh pht trin v hon thin
- H Ch Minh pht trin v hon thin t tng ca mnh trong giai on 19451969 trn nhng vn c bn sau y :
T tng khng chin, kin quc, khng chin kt hp vi xy dng ch
dn ch nhn dn .
T tng chin tranh nhn dn, ton dn, ton din, lu di da vo sc
mnh l chnh .
T tng kt hp 2 nhim v chin lc c lp dn tc v ch ngha x
hi nhm mc tiu gii phng min Nam thng nht t nc .
T tng v quyn lm ch ca nhn dn lao ng .
T tng v xy dng Nh nc php quyn Vit Nam x hi ch ngha .
T tng v xy dng ng cm quyn
Trc lc ra i H Ch Minh li ti sn v gi cho ng, dn tc v
nhn dn ta bn Di chc lch s .

Chng II: T TNG H CH MINH V VN DN TC.

1 . Vn dn tc thuc a
a . Thc cht ca vn dn tc thuc a :
Theo t tng H Ch Minh vn dn tc thuc a c 2 ni dung ct li phi
nhn thc l :

u tranh chng ch ngha thc dn ginh c lp cho dn tc .

La chn con ng pht trin ca dn tc mnh .

Phi u tranh chng li ch ngha thc dn ginh c lp cho dn tc, xy dng nh
nc dn tc c lp . y l yu cu ct li, cp thit nht ca dn tc Vit Nam v cc
dn tc thuc a .
H Ch Minh vch trn ci gi l khai ha vn minh, ln n ch
cai tr h khc, bc lt tn bo ca thc dn Php i vi dn tc Vit
Nam .
Ch r s i khng gia cc dn tc b p bc vi ch ngha quc
thc dn, nhn thy kht vng gii phng ca cc dn tc .

Nu ln mu thun ch yu thuc a l dn tc vi quc nhn mnh

cuc u tranh chng li ch ngha thc dn, gii phng dn tc .
H Ch Minh cho rng gii phng dn tc cn xc nh con ng pht trin ca
dn tc v con ng pht trin qui nh yu cu v ni dung cuc u tranh ginh c
lp dn tc. Mi con ng pht trin li gn lin vi mt h t tng v mt giai cp
nht nh .
ng trn lp trng ca giai cp cng nhn v cch mng v sn H
Ch Minh khng nh phng hng pht trin ca dn tc Vit Nam
trong bi cnh thi i mi l i ln ch ngha x hi .
Cng lnh chnh tr u tin ca ng H Ch Minh xc nh : lm t sn dn
quyn cch mng v th a cch mng i ti x hi Cng sn
(H Ch Minh ton
tp. tp 3. tr1)
b . c lp dn tc l ni dung ct li ca vn dn tc thuc a
H Ch Minh ch r vn ct li m cc dn tc thuc a phi nhn thc l c
lp dn tc .
T quyn con ngi c Tuyn ngn c lp 1776 ca cch mng M v Tuyn
ngn nhn quyn v dn quyn 1791 ca cch mng Php khng nh, H Ch Minh
nng ln thnh quyn dn tc t quyt :
Tt c cc dn tc trn th gii u sinh ra bnh ng, dn tc no cng c
quyn sng, quyn sung sng v quyn t do
( H Ch Minh ton tp.t 1. tr75.321)
Ni dung ca c lp dn tc theo t tng H Ch Minh :
c lp dn tc phi gn lin vi quyn bnh ng ca tt c cc dn tc trn th
gii v quyn bnh ng ca cc dn tc trong mt nc .

c lp dn tc phi gn vi nn ha bnh chn chnh .

c lp dn tc phi gn vi s thng nht v ton vn lnh th quc gia .
c lp dn tc phi gn vi cm no , o m, hnh phc ca tt c mi ngui .

c. Ch ngha yu nc chn chnh l ng lc ln ca t nc :

Nhn thc v dn tc H Ch Minh ch ra ng lc bn trong dn tc pht
trin l ch ngha yu nc v tinh thn dn tc chn chnh ca nhn dn ta .
C s H Ch Minh ch ra ng lc ca t nc l s phn tch tnh hnh kinh t
v chnh tr ng Dng . Do s phn ha giai cp cha su sc v vy s tng ng
v mu s chung ca cc giai tng trong x hi l ngi dn n l, mt nc v kht vng
c lp cho dn tc . Ch ngha yu nc c H Ch Minh nng ln thnh ch ngha
dn tc, nu r sc mnh ca ch ngha dn tc m nhng ngi cch mng, ngi cng
sn phi nm ly v pht huy .
Ch ngha yu nc chn chnh l ln sng nhn chm b l bn nc v cp
nc v hin nay l ngun sc mnh v tn m chng ta phi khi dy xy dng t
nc i ln ch ngha x hi .
2. Quan h gia dn tc v giai cp :
a. Theo H Ch Minh th dn tc v giai cp quan h cht ch vi nhau :
H Ch Minh ng trn lp trng ca giai cp cng nhn nhn thc v gii
quyt vn dn tc v quan h dn tc vi giai cp . Kt hp nhun nhuyn dn tc v
giai cp phi th hin :

Khng nh vai tr ca giai cp cng nhn v quyn lnh o cch mng

ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam .

Phi thc hin i on kt dn tc rng ri da trn nn tng ca khi

lin minh cng-nng-tr thc .

Phi gn mc tiu c lp dn tc vi mc tiu ch ngha x hi .

b. Theo H Ch Minh trong quan h gia dn tc v giai cp nhim v gii phng
dn tc ginh c lp l trn ht, trc ht Ginh c lp ri phi i ln ch ngha x
hi, c lp dn tc phi gn lin vi ch ngha x hi .
mi quan h ny H Ch Minh gn dn tc vi giai cp cng nhn, gn dn tc
vi quc t, c lp dn tc vi ch ngha x hi .
T tng trn th hin s gn b khng kht gia mc tiu gii phng dn tc vi
mc tiu gii phng con ngi .
Bc dy thanh nin yu T quc, yu nhn dn th phi yu ch ngha x hi .
c. Gii phng dn tc to tin gii phng giai cp :
Theo H Ch Minh th giai cp phi phc tng dn tc, v vy gii phng dn
tc mi to tin gii phng giai cp .
Thng 5/1941 ti hi ngh Trung ng ln th VIII ca ng H Ch Minh
khng nh : Lc ny quyn li b phn giai cp phi t di s sinh t tn
vong ca quc gia dn tc . Trong lc ny nu khng gii quyt c vn dn
tc gii phng, khng i c c lp t do cho ton th dn tc th chng

nhng ton th quc gia dn tc cn chu mi kip nga tru m quyn li ca b

phn giai cp n vn nm cng khng i li c (ng Cng sn Vit
Nam.Vn kin ng ton tp. Nxb CTQG.H Ni. 2000.t7. tr112)
H Ch Minh ng trn lp trng giai cp cng nhn gii quyt vn
dn tc, t vn giai cp trong vn dn tc .
d. Gi vng c lp ca dn tc mnh ng thi phi tn trng v c ngha v vi c
lp ca cc dn tc khc .
Theo t tng H Ch Minh th ch ngha yu nc chn chnh phi gn lin vi
ch ngha quc t . V vy u tranh ginh v gi c lp cho dn tc mnh th cn
phi u tranh cho c lp ca tt c cc dn tc khc .
Gip bn l t gip mnh, bng thng li ca cch mng mi nc m ng gp
vo thng li chung ca cch mng th gii .
T tng H Ch Minh v vn dn tc mang tnh cch mng, tnh khoa hc su
sc. N th hin s kt hp nhun nhuyn dn tc vi giai cp, ch ngha yu nc
chn chnh vi ch ngha quc t trong sng .

Chng III: T TNG H CH MINH V MC TIU V NG LC

CA CH NGHA X HI VIT NAM
1 . Mc tiu ca ch ngha x hi Vit Nam :
Trong t tng H Ch Minh th c trng bn cht v mc tiu ca ch ngha
x hi quan h vi nhau . Ngha l nhng c trng ni ln bn cht ca ch ngha x hi
c nhn thc u tr thnh mc tiu c bn ca ch ngha x hi .
H Ch Minh cho rng l lun rt quan trng, nhng quan trng hn l phi tm
ra con ng thc hin l lun , tc l phi ra mc tiu chung, mc tiu c th
xy dng ch ngha x hi theo cc nc thang t thp n cao cho ph hp .
Theo t tng H Ch Minh mc tiu chung ca ch ngha x hi Vit Nam l
c lp cho dn tc, t do, hnh phc cho nhn dn .
Mc tiu cng l ham mun tt bc ca H Ch Minh : t nc ta hon
ton c lp, nhn dn ta hon ton t do, ai cng c cm n, o mc, ai cng c sung
sng hc hnh .
H Ch Minh c nhiu cch tip cn mc tiu ca ca ch ngha x hi nh :
- Ch ngha x hi l g ? l khng ngng nng cao i sng vt cht v tinh thn
cho nhn dn, ch ngha x hi l lm cho dn n, mc, ngy cng sung sng, ai
ny c i hc, m au c thuc, phong tc tp qun khng tt c dn dn xa b .
Tm li x hi ngy cng tin, vt cht ngy cng tng, tinh thn ngy cng tt, l ch
ngha x hi
( H Ch Minh ton tp,tp 10 tr591).
- Di chc Bc dn li ng phi on kt phn u xy dng mt nc Vit Nam
ha bnh, c lp, dn ch v giu mnh gp phn xng ng vo s nghip cch mng
th gii .

Mc tiu c th ca ca ch ngha x hi : 3 mc tiu :

Mc tiu v chnh tr : nhn dn lao ng phi lm ch, trc ht l lm ch
Nh nc. V vy Nh nc x hi ch ngha phi l Nh nc ca dn, do dn,
v dn, Nh nc phi thc hin chc nng dn ch vi nhn dn, pht huy quyn
lm ch v sinh hot chnh tr ca nhn dn .
pht huy quyn dn ch ca nhn dn phi :
Nng cao nng lc ca cc t chc chnh tr .
Nng cao hiu lc ca cc c quan hnh php, lp php, t php .
Thc hnh cc hnh thc dn ch trc tip nh nghe dn ni, dn bn, lng
nghe kin ca dn .
Mc tiu kinh t : xy dng nn kinh t vi cng nng nghip hin i, khoa
hc k thut tin tin .
Mc tiu vn ha: vn ha l mc tiu c bn ca ch ngha x hi
H Ch Minh ch ra bn cht ca nn vn ha x hi ch ngha phi x hi
ch ngha v ni dung v dn tc v hnh thc .
Phi pht huy vn vn ha ca dn tc v hc tp vn ha tin tin ca th
gii .
Phi coi nhim v hng u l o to con ngi v con ngi l mc tiu
cao nht, l ng lc ca ch ngha x hi . Mun c con ngi x hi ch
ngha phi c t tng x hi ch ngha .
Phi coi vn ha l gc, cch mng vn ha t tng i trc m ng
cho cch mng cng nghip, vn ha phi soi ng cho quc dn i .
Vn dng t tng H Ch Minh, i mi ng ta coi vn ha va l mc tiu
va l ng lc ca ch ngha x hi.
-

2. ng lc ca ca ch ngha x hi :
Theo t tng H Ch Minh th ng lc c hiu l cc nhn t gp phn thc y
s pht trin kinh t, x hi thng qua hot ng ca con ngi .
H Ch Minh khng nh : ng lc ca cch mng l con ngi, l nhn dn lao
ng m nng ct l lin minh cng, nng, tr thc. Cc ng lc khc mun pht huy
c tc dng phi thng qua ng lc con ngi .
ng lc con ngi phi kt hp sc mnh ca tng c nhn con ngi vi sc
mnh ca tp th . C th l :
Phi pht huy sc mnh ca cng ng .
Phi pht huy sc mnh tng con ngi vi t cch l c nhn ngi lao
ng .
Mun khi dy ng lc cng ng phi khi dy ng lc c nhn v sc mnh
cng ng hnh thnh t sc mnh c nhn .

 khi dy ng lc c nhn theo H Ch Minh phi:

Tc ng vo nhu cu li ch ca con ngi .
Lc ginh c lp cho dn tc mc tiu ca cch mng l c lp dn tc,
ngi cy c rung .
Ngy nay xy dng t nc mc tiu ca cch mng l dn giu nc
mnh .
Tc ng bng ng lc chnh tr, tinh thn m trc ht l khi dy quyn lm
ch ca mi con ngi .
Thc hin cng bng x hi, trc ht khu phn phi , lu thng .
H Ch Minh ch r : dn khng s thiu, ch s khng cng bng .
Tc ng bng vai tr iu chnh ca l tng chnh tr, o c, php lut :
L tng mt lng mt d v ch ngha x hi .
V vn ha phi nng cao dn tr ,hiu bit cho nhn dn .
Dng cc quan h php l, o c php lut tc ng .
Ngoi ng lc ch yu l con ngi H Ch Minh rt coi trng ng lc kinh
t, coi vic pht trin kinh t, gii phng nng lc sn xut ca x hi l vic lm
va ch nc, va li dn .
Ch ra ng lc H Ch Minh cng nu ln cc tr lc lm trit tiu cc ngun
lc, lm cho ch ngha x hi x cng, tr tr, khng cn sc hp dn . H Ch
Minh gi cc tr lc l gic ni xm m thc cht l ch ngha c nhn v
ch r ch ngha c nhn l k th ca ch ngha x hi, thng li ca ch ngha
x hi khng tch ri cuc u tranh chng ch ngha c nhn .
Nhng tr lc l :
Tham , lng ph, quan liu .
Chia r, b phi, mt on kt .
Bo th, tr tr, gio iu, chm i mi v.v..
Ngy nay l quc nn tham nhng, thoi ha, quan liu, mt trong bn nguy c
e da s tn vong ca ch ngha x hi .
Chng IV: T TNG H CH MINH V NI DUNG CNG TC XY
DNG NG CNG SN VIT NAM.
1 . Xy dng ng v t tng, l lun :
Theo H Ch Minh nn tng t tng, l lun ca ng phi l ch ngha Mc
Lnin, ch ngha Mc Lnin l ct ca ng, l cm nang ca cch mng Vit Nam .
Thi k i tm ng cu nc H Ch Minh nhn thy hc thuyt nhiu, ch
ngha nhiu nhng chn chnh nht, cch mng nht l hc thuyt L nin, ch ngha Mc
Lnin .
- Chn ch ngha Mc Lnin l nn tng t tng, l lun ca ng H Ch Minh
lu :

Phi hc tp, nghin cu, tm hiu ch ngha Mc Lnin .

Phi vn dng ch ngha Mc Lnin cho ph hp vi hon cnh Vit

Nam .

Phi k tha, pht trin ch ngha Mc Lnin .

Phi bo v ch ngha Mc Lnin .

2 . Xy dng ng v chnh tr :
H Ch Minh coi xy dng ng v chnh tr l vn ct t trong s tn ti
v pht trin ca ng, l vn quan trng nht trong xy dng ng .
Xy dng ng v chnh tr l lm cho ng li chnh tr ca ng ng n,
tht s khoa hc v cch mng .
c ng li chnh tr ng n :

Da trn nn tng ca ch ngha Mc Lnin .

Tip thu, hc tp kinh nghim ca cch mng th gii, cc ng anh em .

Qui t c tr tu dn tc v thi i .
C ng li ng ri phi :

Gio dc truyn b ng li .

Kin nh ng li .
H Ch Minh cng ch ra nguy c ca s sai lm v ng li chnh tr s a n
hu qu khn lng cho dn tc, nhn dn .
3 . Xy dng ng v t chc cn b :
Xy dng ng v t chc, H Ch Minh nu ln 5 nguyn tc t chc ca ng l :
- Nguyn tc tp trung dn ch .
y l nguyn tc t chc ca ng . Theo H Ch Minh tp trung dn
ch l nguyn tc c bn xy dng ng . Tp trung dn ch c mi
lin h khng kht vi nhau, l hai v ca mt nguyn tc l :
Tp trung phi da trn nn tng dn ch .
Dn ch phi di s ch o ca tp trung .
Dn ch l g ? Theo H Ch Minh th dn ch trong ng l i vi mi
vn ca ng mi ngi c t do t tng by t kin ca mnh
tm ra chn l
Tp trung l g ? Theo H Ch Minh th khi mi ngi t do t tng,
tm ra chn l th phi thng nht li, lc quyn t do t tng ha ra l
quyn t do phc tng chn l .
Nguyn tc tp th lnh o, c nhn ph trch
y l nguyn tc lnh o ca ng .

Theo H Ch Minh phi tp th lnh o v mt ngi d ti gii, khn

ngoan n u cng ch xem xt c mt mt hoc nhiu mt ca mt
vn ch khng th xem xt c mi mt ca mt vn . Cn phi c
nhiu ngi tham gia l tp th .

Theo H Ch Minh cn phi c nhn ph trch v cng vic ca cch

mng khi c bn bc, thng nht cn giao cho mt ngi, mt nhm

ngi ph trch cng vic c tri chy trch da dm, li vo

nhau.
Nguyn tc t ph v ph bnh :
y l nguyn tc sinh hot ca ng

Mc ch t ph v ph bnh l phn u im trong con ngi ny

n, phn xu mt dn i . H Ch Minh coi t ph v ph bnh l thang
thuc tt nht mi ngi t hon thin mnh, l v kh ng nng
cao trnh lnh o, ng hon thnh s mnh lch s ca mnh .

Thi v phng php t ph v ph bnh :

o Phi tin hnh thng xuyn, thng thn, chn thnh, trung thc .
o Phi c tnh thng yu ln nhau .
Nguyn tc k lut nghim minh, t gic :
y l nguyn tc k lut ca ng.

Theo H Ch Minh th sc mnh ca mi ng vin v t chc ng l

thc t chc k lut nghim minh, t gic .

Nguyn tc k lut ca ng biu hin :

o
T chc ng, ng vin phi bnh ng trc iu l ng,
php lut ca Nh nc .
o
ng phi gm nhng ngi t gic phn u cho ch ngha
Cng sn . y l yu cu bt buc i vi mi cn b ng vin .
o
Biu hin s gng mu ca cn b ng vin trc cng vic
ca ng v chnh quyn .
Nguyn tc on kt thng nht trong ng :

Ton ng phi on kt thnh mt khi vng chc v thng nht v

ch v hnh ng v phi lun lun bo v s on kt, thng nht .
thc hin on kt thng nht trong ng :

Kin nh ch ngha Mc Lnin, ng li, ch trng, chnh

sch m ng vch ra .

M rng dn ch ni b .

Thng xuyn rn luyn o c cch mng .

on kt trong ng v ngoi x hi .
Cn b v cng tc cn b ca ng :

H Ch Minh yu cu phi nhn r vai tr, v tr ca cn b trong s

nghip cch mng . Cn b l dy chuyn ca b my, l mt khu trung
gian ni lin ng, Nh nc v nhn dn . Thnh cng hay tht bi ca
cch mng l do cn b tt hay km .

Cng tc cn b l cng tc gc ca ng, cn b phi c c, ti m

c l gc ca cn b .

Ni dung ca cng tc cn b :
o Tuyn chn cn b .

o o to, hun luyn, bi dng cn b .

o nh gi cn b .
o Tuyn dng, sp xp, b tr cn b .
o Thc hin chnh sch vi cn b .
4 . Xy dng ng v o c :
H Ch Minh khng nh mt ng chn chnh, cch mng phi c o c
cch mng . o c cch mng to nn uy tn, sc mnh ca ng, gip ng
t cch hng dn qun chng, lnh o nhn dn .
Theo H Ch Minh thc cht o c ca ng l :

L o c mi cn, kim, lim, chnh, ch, cng v t.

L o c mang bn cht ca giai cp cng nhn, o c Mc Lnin .

Ct li o c ca ng l ch ngha nhn o chin u .

Theo H Ch Minh th o c trong sng ca ng l mc tiu l tng
ca ng v l t cch s mt ca ng cm quyn .
Xy dng o c ca ng gm :

Gio dc o c cho cn b, ng vin .

Gn gio dc vi tu dng, rn luyn ca cn b, ng vin

u tranh chng ch ngha c nhn .

Chng V: T TNG H CH MINH V I ON KT DN TC

Ba lun im H Ch Minh v i on kt dn tc :
Vai tr ca i on kt dn tc trong s nghip cch mng .
Lc lng i on kt dn tc .
Hnh thc t chc khi i on kt dn tc .
1. Vai tr ca i on kt dn tc trong s nghip cch mng :
a. i on kt dn tc l vn c ngha chin lc, quyt nh thnh cng ca
cch mng :
H Ch Minh cho rng trong thi i mi thc hin gii phng cho dn tc th
yu nc cha , cch mng mun thnh cng phi tp hp c tt c mi lc
lng, xy dng c khi i on kt dn tc bn vng .
Nh vy, theo H Ch Minh th i on kt dn tc l vn chin lc, nht
qun, xuyn sut tin trnh cch mng Vit Nam .
thc hin i on kt dn tc :
Phi c chnh sch, phng php ph hp .
Phi nhn thc l vn sng cn quyt nh thnh bi ca cch mng.
H Ch Minh khi qut nhiu lun im ni ln vai tr to ln ca i on kt
dn tc nh :

on kt lm ra sc mnh .

on kt l lc lng v nh .

on kt l thng li .

on kt l im m, im ny m thc hin tt th ra con chu u

tt .
H Ch Minh khng nh :
on kt, on kt, i on kt
Thnh cng, thnh cng, i thnh cng
(H Ch Minh ton tp. t10. tr 607 )
Thc tin cch mng Vit Nan nh chnh sch mt trn ng n ca ng v
Bc H m cch mng ginh c thng li to ln .
b. i on kt dn tc l mc tiu, nhim v hng u ca ng, ca dn tc :
- Trong t tng H Ch Minh th yu nc, nhn ngha, on kt l ngun gc
ca mi thng li .V vy i on kt dn tc phi tr thnh nhim v hng u ca
ng, ca dn tc v phi c qun trit trong mi lnh vc ca cch mng .
H Ch Minh xc nh mc ch ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam l on
kt ton dn phng s T quc .
- thc hin mc tiu on kt dn tc :

Phi thm nhun quan im qun chng, phi ly dn lm gc .

Phi gn gi qun chng, lng nghe kin ca qun chng .

Phi vn ng, t chc, gio dc qun chng .

i on kt dn tc phi tr thnh nhim v hng u ca ng, nhim v hng
u ca mi giai on cch mng v :
Cch mng mun thnh cng phi c ng li ng, trn c s ng li
ra nhim v v phng php cch mng ph hp vi tng giai on ca cch mng
nhm tp hp, li ko qun chng to thc lc cho cch mng .
i on kt dn tc phi l nhim v hng u ca c dn tc :
Theo t tng H Ch Minh th cch mng l s nghip ca qun chng, t nhu
cu ca qun chng m ng phi on kt, tp hp qun chng li. ng c nhim v
chuyn nhu cu ca qun chng t t pht sang t gic trong khi i on kt dn tc
to ra sc mnh tng hp cho cch mng .
2. Lc lng i on kt dn tc :
Theo quan im H Ch Minh lc lng i on kt dn tc gm :
a. i on dn tc l i on kt ton dn :
Theo quan im H Ch Minh lc lng i on kt dn tc gm :
i on kt dn tc l i on kt ton dn v i on kt dn tc l tp hp
ng o nhn dn trong mt khi thng nht tin hnh cuc u tranh cch
mng .
H Ch Minh s dng mt cch r rng, ton din v y sc thuyt phc
khi nim dn v nhn dn .
Dn v nhn dn l con dn nc Vit, l con Rng chu Tin. N va ch
mi con ngi c th, va ch tp hp ca ng o qun chng nhn dn .

 Coi dn v nhn dn l ch th ca i on kt dn tc nh vy theo

quan im ca H Ch Minh th thc cht ca i on kt dn tc l i on kt
ton dn .

i on kt dn tc l tp hp ng o nhn dn vo mt khi bao

gm nhiu tng, nhiu nc, nhiu cp v quan h lin kt lc lng ca
dn tc t thp n cao, t trong ra ngoi, t nh n ln .
on kt ca ta khng nhng rng ri m cn lu di, on kt thng nht t
nc m cn phi on kt xy dng nc nh, v vy ai c ti, c c, c sc, c
lng phng s T quc v nhn dn th phi on kt vi h
( H Ch Minh ton tp. t7. tr 438 ) < Ta c H Ch Minh dng ch ng
Cng sn Vit Nam, cng va ch mi ngi Vit Nam ni chung >

H Ch Minh ch r trong qu trnh xy dng khi i on kt dn tc

phi ng vng trn lp trng ca giai cp cng nhn v gii quyt hi
ha mi quan h gia dn tc v giai cp .
b. iu kin thc hin i on kt dn tc :
iu kin i on kt dn tc theo H Ch Minh phi :
- K tha v pht huy truyn thng yu nc, nhn ngha, on kt ca dn tc .
- Phi c lng khoan dung lng .
- K tha truyn thng dn tc l phi lm cho truyn thng ca dn tc tr thnh
gi tr bn vng, thm su vo tnh cm, tm hn ca mi ngi, truyn thng
phi tr thnh ngun lc ni sinh dn tc tn ti v pht trin .
Phi c lng khoan dung lng, v li ch chung ca cch mng m trn trng phn
thin, phn tt ca mi con ngi d l nh nht qui t, tp hp rng ri mi ngi .
H Ch Minh dng hnh nh sng to, bin rng th bao nhiu nc cng cha
c cn ci chn nh, ci a con th cht nc y trn ni v lng lng
bao dung .
( H Ch Minh ton tp, tp5, tr 644 )
H Ch Minh lng khoan dung lng khng phi l th on chnh tr, sch
lc nht thi m l s ni tip truyn thng nhn i, bao dung ca dn tc. cng l t
tng nht qun trong ng li ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam .
Cng nh nm ngn tay c ngn ngn, ngn di, trong my mi triu ngi c
ngi th ny, ngi th n nhng th ny hay th n u l dng di t tin ta vy nn
phi c lng khoan dung lng
( H Ch Minh ton tp, tp4, tr246-247 )
quan im ny lng nhn i, bao dung, lng ca H Ch Minh cng
chnh l lng nhn i, bao dung lng ca dn tc Vit Nam .
i on kt dn tc phi c nim tin vng chc vo nhn dn. Tin dn l
nguyn tc ti cao on kt, tp hp rng ri dn tc. Dn l ch da vng
chc ca ng, l ngun sc mnh ca i on kt dn tc .

Thc hin i on kt dn tc phi da vo nn tng, gc r l khi lin minh

cng, nng, tr thc .
i on kt tc l trc ht phi i on kt a s nhn dn, m a s nhn
dn ta l cng nhn, nng dn v cc tng lp lao ng khc. l nn, gc ca i on
kt. N cng nh ci nn ca nh, gc ca cy. Nhng c nn vng, gc tt, cn phi
on kt cc tng lp nhn dn khc
( H Ch Minh ton tp. tp7. tr 438).
3. Hnh thc t chc khi i on kt dn tc
H Ch Minh ch r :
Hnh thc ca i on kt dn tc
Nguyn tc xy dng v hot ng ca t chc khi i on kt dn tc
a. Hnh thc ca khi i on kt dn tc l Mt trn dn tc thng nht :
Theo H Ch Minh i on kt dn tc khng dng quan nim m phi tr
thnh sc mnh vt cht. T chc i on kt dn tc tr thnh lc lng vt
cht l Mt trn dn tc thng nht .
Dn tc ch tr thnh lc lng cch mng khi dn tc c tp hp, t chc, gic
ng v mc ch u tranh, v ng li chnh tr ng n. Nu khng c nh vy th
d ng n c trm triu ngi cng ch l s ng khng c sc mnh .
H Ch Minh a ra m hnh tp hp v t chc qun chng ph hp l
Mt trn dn tc thng nht .
T lc ra i n nay tuy tn gi c khc nhau nhng Mt trn l t chc chnh tr
rng ln qui t, tp hp ng o cc tng lp nhn dn v mc tiu c lp dn tc v
ch ngha x hi .
b. Mt s nguyn tc c bn v xy dng v hot ng ca Mt trn dn tc thng
nht :
Nguyn tc 1 : Mt trn phi c xy dng trn nn tng ca khi lin minh
cng, nng, tr thc do ng Cng sn Vit Nam lnh o .
y l nguyn tc ct li ca chin lc i on kt dn tc .
- Lin minh cng, nng, tr thc l nn tng v :
H l ngi trc tip sn xut ra ca ci vt cht cho x hi, l cc giai
cp ng o nht, b p bc bc lt nng n nht v ch kh cch mng ca h cng chc
chn, bn b hn cc tng lp khc
( H Ch Minh ton tp.t5.tr241 ).
H Ch Minh coi quan h gia Mt trn on kt dn tc v lin minh cng, nng, tr
thc l mi quan h gia dn tc v giai cp. Mi quan h bin chng to ra sc mnh
to ln cho cch mng m khng k th no ph ni .
- ng phi lnh o Mt trn dn tc thng nht bi v :

Ch c ng Cng sn Vit Nam mi nh gi ng vai tr to ln ca

qun chng nhn dn .

Ch c ng mi vch ra ng li ng n li ko, tp hp qun

chng .
H Ch Minh xc nh mi quan h gia ng v Mt trn l quan h gn b mu
tht :
Khng c Mt trn ng khng c lc lng .
Khng c ng Mt trn khng th hnh thnh, pht trin v khng c phng
hng hot ng .
lnh o c Mt trn :

ng Cng sn Vit Nam phi c chnh sch mt trn ng n, ph

hp trong tng giai on cch mng .

ng phi dng phng php gio dc, thuyt phc, nu gng, ly

lng chn thnh i x, cm ha. H Ch Minh cho rng quyn lnh
o ca ng khng phi do ng t phong m l do qun chng t tha
nhn .
- ng Cng sn Vit Nam l thnh vin ca Mt trn dn tc thng nht v :

ng ra i l kt qu ca cuc u tranh ca dn tc v giai cp, ng

l sn phm ca s kt hp ch ngha Mc Lnin vo phong tro cng
nhn v phong tro yu nc nc ta .

ng Cng sn Vit Nam i biu cho li ch, tr tu, danh d ca dn

tc Vit Nam v nhn dn lao ng .
ng phi ng vo i ng ca dn tc, phi l thnh vin ca Mt trn dn tc
thng nht.
Nguyn tc 2 : nguyn tc hot ng ca mt trn
Theo H Ch Minh, hot ng ca Mt trn dn tc thng nht phi trn c s
bo m li ch ti cao ca dn tc, quyn li c bn ca cc giai cp v tng lp
nhn dn tham gia .
Mt trn ch c th thc hin c mc tiu on kt khi c s nht tr v mc tiu
v li ch .
Theo H Ch Minh th ch c th on kt khi c chung mc ch, chung s
phn. Nu khng suy ngh nh nhau, khng c chung mc ch, chung s phn th d c
ku gi on kt th no i na on kt vn khng c c .
C LP, T DO l mc ch chung, l mu s chung ca ngn c on
kt, l nguyn tc bt di, bt dch qui t, tp hp ng o nhn dn .
- Trn c s xc nh li ch chung, ti cao cn phi xc nh quyn li c bn ca cc
tng lp nhn dn tham gia trong Mt trn. Quyn li c bn phi c xc nh c
th trong tng giai on, trn cc lnh vc :
o Cch mng thng Tm1945 c lp dn tc l li ch chung th ngi
cy c rung l yu cu ca giai cp nng dn .
o i mi ngy nay ng ch trng dn c giu th nc mi mnh l s
gii quyt hi ha ci chung v ci ring .

Nguyn tc 3 :
- Hot ng ca Mt trn phi trn nguyn tc hip thng dn ch, bo m on
kt rng ri, bn vng v Mt trn l t chc chnh tr x hi rng ln ca c dn tc cho
nn phi hot ng theo nguyn tc hip thng dn ch.
Hip thng dn ch l :

Tt c cc vn ca Mt trn phi c cc thnh vin ca Mt trn

bn bc cng khai i n nht tr .

ng lnh o Mt trn nhng ch trng chnh sch ca ng cho Mt

trn phi trnh by trc Mt trn v cng vi cc thnh vin Mt trn bn
bc, hip thng i n thng nht .
thc hin nguyn tc hip thng dn ch :

Phi ng trn lp trng ca giai cp cng nhn .

Phi gii quyt hi ha quan h dn tc v giai cp, li ch chung v li

ch ring, li ch lu di v li ch trc mt .

Phi thm nhun li ch chung, tn trng li ch ring.

H Ch Minh ch r nu lm tt hip thng, dn ch s cng c c mi quan
h bn cht, ng thun nhm thc hin mc tiu bn ch ng ca nhn dn ta
l : ng tnh, ng sc, ng lng, ng tm .
Nguyn tc 4 : on kt ca Mt trn phi l khi on kt lu di, cht ch, thc
s, chn thnh .
Bi l Mt trn l tp hp ca nhiu tng lp, tn gio, giai cp, bn cnh ci
chung c ci ring, bn cnh ci tng ng c ci khc bit, cc b .
V vy hip thng dn ch nhn ln ci tich cc, thu hp ci khc bit i
n thng nht, on kt .

Phi ly ci chung hn ch ci ring cu ng tn d.

on kt phi gn vi u tranh, u tranh tng cng on kt .

Phi c tm lng khoan dung, lng, nhn i .

Phi nu cao t ph bnh v ph bnh .

on kt thc s ngha l mc ch phi nht tr v lp trng cng phi nht tr.
on kt thc s ngha l va on kt, va u tranh, hc nhng ci tt ca nhau, ph
bnh ci sai ca nhau v ph bnh trn lp trng thn i v nc, v dn. Tm li mun
tin ln ch ngha x hi th ton dn cn on kt lu di, on kt thc s v cng nhau
tin b
( H Ch Minh ton tp. tp 9, tr137 )

Chng VII: T TNG H CH MINH V O C CCH MNG

Ba ni dung chnh :
Vai tr, v tr ca o c
Nhng phm cht o c c bn
Nhng nguyn tc rn luyn o c

1. Quan im v vai tr v sc mnh ca o dc :

H Ch Minh c 2 quan im v vai tr v sc mnh ca o c
- o c l gc ca ngi cch mng :
H Ch Minh khng nh o c l gc ca ngi cch mng, o c l
ngun nui dng v pht trin con ngi nh gc ca cy, nh ngn ngun ca
sng sui .
Cng nh sng th c ngun mi c nc, khng c ngun th sng cn, cy
phi c gc, khng c gc th cy ho . Ngi cch mng phi c o c, khng c o
c th d ti gii my cng khng lnh o c nhn dn .
(H Ch Minh ton.tp.tp 5.tr 252. 253)
Lm cch mng ci to x hi c thnh x hi mi l mt s nghip rt v vang,
nhng n cng l mt nhim v rt nng n :
Sc c mnh mi gnh c nng v i c xa . Ngi cch mng phi c
o c cch mng lm nn tng mi hon thnh c nhim v cch mng v vang
(H Ch Minh ton tp.t 9.tr293)
Mun cho dn tin, dn phc khng phi c vit ln trn ch cng sn m c nhn
dn yu mn . Qun chng ch yu mn nhng ngi c t cch o c .
V mun gii phng cho dn tc, gii phng cho loi ngi l mt cng vic to
tt m t mnh khng c o c, khng c cn bn, t mnh h ha, xu xa th cn
lm ni vic g
(H Ch Minh ton tp.t 5.tr 252 .253)
H Ch Minh yu cu i vi ng cm quyn th phi l ng o c, ng vn
minh. Di chc Bc dn mi cn b, ng vin ca ng phi tht s thm nhun o c
cch mng, phi l ngi y t trung thnh ca nhn dn .
Trong t tng o c H Ch Minh quan h c vi ti thng nht vi nhau,
c l gc ca ti, hng l gc ca chuyn, phm cht l gc ca nng lc. Ti l
biu hin ca c trong hnh ng .
o c l nhn t to nn s hp dn ca ch ngha x hi :
Theo H Ch Minh th ch ngha x hi hp dn cha phi l tng cao qu,
mc sng vt cht y , t do t tng m trc ht gi tr o c cao p,
phm cht o c ca nhng ngi cng sn u t .
Ch ngha x hi tr thnh nhn t quyt nh vn mnh loi ngi khng ch do
chin lc, sch lc cch mng v sn m cn do phm cht o c ca ngi Cng
sn . Phm cht o c cao qu l sc mnh to nn s hp dn ca ch ngha x hi.
Sc mnh l ch ngha nhn o Cng sn.
H Ch Minh l tm gng o c trong sng, v i c v nhn dn ta v
nhn loi u tranh v ha bnh, c lp dn tc v ch ngha x hi .
2. Quan im v chun mc o c cch mng :
Bn chun mc o c :
- Trung vi nc, hiu vi dn.

Cn, kim, lim, chnh, ch cng v t.

Yu thng con ngi.
Tinh thn quc t trong sng
Trung vi nc, hiu vi dn :
Trung hiu l mnh c trong truyn thng dn tc Vit Nam v cc
nc phng ng (trung vi vua, hiu vi cha m) . H Ch Minh a vo khi
nim trung, hiu mt ni dung mi l trung vi nc, hiu vi dn .

Trung vi nc, hiu vi dn l phm cht o c bao trm m mi

ngi Vit Nam phi c. Trung vi nc phi gn vi hiu vi dn .
Trung vi nc : l trung thnh vi s nghip gi nc v dng nc
L trung thnh vi con ng i ln ca t nc
L sut i hy sinh phn u cho ng, cho cch mng
Hiu vi dn :
L thng dn
Tin dn
Ht lng phc v nhn dn .
i vi cn b cng chc Nh nc hiu vi dn l :
Nm vng dn tnh
Hiu r dn ti
Ci thin dn sinh
Nng cao dn tr .
Cn, kim, lim, chnh, ch cng v t :
y l phm cht gn lin vi hot ng hng ngy ca con ngi . H Ch Minh
coi cn, kim, lim, chnh, ch cng v t l biu hin ca phm cht trung vi nc, hiu
vi dn .
H Ch Minh ch r ngy xa bn phong kin nu ra cn kim lim chnh nhng khng
bao gi thc hin m bt nhn dn tun theo phng s cho quyn li ca chng. Nay
ta ra cn, kim, lim, chnh cho cn b thc hin lm gng cho nhn dn noi theo
em li hnh phc cho dn .
Cn, kim, lim, chnh c H Ch Minh s dng l mnh c trong o c
truyn thng ca dn tc v cc nc phng ng nhng vi ni dung mi nhm p
ng yu cu ca cch mng .
Cn :
L cn c, sing nng, chm ch . Nhng l sing nng chm ch phi c k
hoch, c hiu qu, c nng sut cao trong lao ng .
Cn trong o c H Ch Minh lan ta n cc lnh vc khc ca x hi, n phc
v cho mc tiu, chnh tr, kinh t v vn ha ca cch mng . Ai cn trong o c th
s cn trong lao ng, hc tp .
Kim :
-

Theo t tng H Ch Minh kim l phi tit kim thi gian, ca ci, cng sc
ca dn, ca nc .
Kim cn l khng c xa x, hoang ph, ph trng hnh thc.
H Ch Minh yu cu kim phi i lin vi cn, bi cn m khng kim cng ging
nh thng khng y .
Lim :
L trong sch, khng tham lam. L tn trng ca cng, ca dn, ca nc .
Ch lim theo t tng H Ch Minh tri ngc vi cc ham mun tm thng
ca ch ngha c nhn. Ch c ch ham m H Ch Minh mun ai cng phi c l ham
hc, ham lm, ham tin b .
Chnh :
L thng thn, ng n . Chnh qui nh t cch con ngi, t cch ngi cch
mng . Chnh i lp vi gian t, xo tr .
H Ch Minh yu cu t cch ngi cch mng :

i vi mnh : khng t cao, t i, phi khim tn hc hi, pht trin

ci hay, sa cha ci d .

i vi ngi : khng xu nnh ngi trn, khng ght ngi di, tht
th khng di tr .

i vi vic : phi vic cng trn vic t, vic thin th nh my cng

phi lm, vic c nh my cng phi trch .
- Theo H Ch Minh th cn, kim, lim, chnh quan h cht ch vi nhau, l
nn tng, gc r ca o c mi, l thc o o c ca mi ngi v nn
vn minh ca mi dn tc .
H Ch Minh cng ch ra cn, kim, lim, chnh cng l qui lut vn ng ni
ti, khch quan i n mt x hi vn minh
Tri c bn ma xun h thu ng .
t c bn phng ng ty nam bc .
Ngi c bn c cn, kim, lim, chnh
Thiu mt ma khng thnh tri
Thiu mt phng khng thnh t,
Thiu mt c khng thnh ngi .
Ch cng v t :
L cng bng, cng tm, khng thin t, thin v
L v dn, v nc, lo cho dn trc, lo cho nc trc
Theo H Ch Minh thc cht ca ch cng v t l ch ngha tp th, l ni tip ca
cn, kim, lim, chnh .
H Ch Minh cho rng ch cng v t l phi nu cao ch ngha tp th, t b ch
ngha c nhn .

Ch ngha tp th i lp vi ch ngha c nhn.

-

Ch ngha c nhn l li sng ch k, thu vn cho ring mnh, ch thy

cng lao ca mnh . N l vt tch ca x hi c, ng minh ca quc,
l th vi trng c c . Ch ngha c nhn ra trm th bnh nguy him,
l k th gian xo, qu quyt .
H Ch Minh kt lun : ch ngha x hi khng th thng li nu khng loi tr ch
ngha c nhn .
Ch trng chng ch ngha c nhn nng cao o c cch mng nhng H
Ch Minh yu cu phi tn trng li ch c nhn, tn trng nhu cu, i sng ring chnh
ng ca mi ngi .
Thng yu con ngi, sng c ngha, c tnh :
Thng yu con ngi l phm cht o c cao p nht ca con ngi mi .
Theo H Ch Minh ngi cch mng l ngi giu tnh cm cch mng, c tnh
cm cch mng mi i lm cch mng .V yu thng nhn dn, yu thng con ngi
m chp nhn hy sinh, gian kh em li c lp, t do, cm o, m no hnh phc cho
nhn dn .

L tnh cm dnh cho nhng ngi ngho kh b p bc, b bc lt .

l tt c nhng ngi lao ng, khng phn bit mu da, ting ni, dn tc
.

Tnh yu thng con ngi phi c xy dng trn lp trng ca giai

cp cng nhn v th hin trong quan h hng ngy ca con ngi .
Yu thng con ngi i hi mi ngi phi cht ch, nghim khc vi
bn thn mnh nhng li phi rng ri, bao dung, lng, v tha vi
ngi khc . N i hi thi tn trng nhng quyn ca con ngi,
nng nhn phm, gi tr con ngi ln k c nhng ngi c li lm nhng
bit sa cha, n nn,hi ci .
Ngi dy nhng ngi Cng sn hiu ch ngha Mc Lnin th phi
sng vi nhau c ngha, c tnh . Nu thuc bao nhiu sch m sng khng c ngha c
tnh th sao gi l hiu ch ngha Mc Lnin c .
(H Ch Minh ton tp.12.tr554)
Di chc Bc dn li cn b, ng vin ca ng phi c tnh ng ch yu
thng ln nhau .
Tinh thn quc t trong sng :
Theo t tng H Ch Minh tinh thn quc t l phm cht quan trng nht ca
o c cng sn . N bt ngun t bn cht ca giai cp cng nhn, nhm vo
mi quan h rng ln vt khi phm vi quc gia, dn tc . H Ch Minh l ngi
t nn tng vun p cho mi quan h :
Quan san mun dm mt nh
Bn phng v sn u l anh em .
Tinh thn quc t l ch ngha quc t v sn
Ni dung ca tinh thn quc t v sn theo t tng H Ch Minh :

Tn trng, yu thng, hiu bit v on kt vi giai cp cng nhn v

cc dn tc, nhn dn lao ng v loi ngi tin b trn ton th gii .

Chng li m mu chia r, hn th, ch ngha dn tc hp hi, ch ngha

s vanh, b quyn, bnh trng .
3. Quan im v nhng nguyn tc xy dng o c mi :
Ba nguyn tc rn luyn, xy dng o c mi :
Ni i i vi lm, nu gng o c
Phi tu dng, rn luyn sut i
Xy dng o c mi phi i i vi cuc u tranh chng li ch ngha c
nhn, thi phi o c .
Ni i i vi lm, nu gng v o c :
Ni i i vi lm: l nguyn tc quan trng bc nht xy dng o c
mi .
Ni : suy ngh
Lm : hnh ng
Ni phi i i vi lm, suy ngh phi i lin vi hnh ng

Ni i i vi lm l c trng ni ln bn cht ca t tng o c H

Ch Minh. N l c s phn bit o c cch mng vi o c ca
cc giai cp bc lt .
H Ch Minh thng thn ch ra cn bnh quan liu, coi thng qun chng
ca mt s cn b vc mt lm quan cch mng ni m khng lm,
ming th ni dn ch nhng lm vic theo li quan ch, ming th ni
phng s qun chng nhng h lm tri ngc vi li ch qun chng,
lm tn hi uy tn ca ng v Chnh ph trc nhn dn
(H Ch Minh ton tp. t6.tr292)
Nu gng v o c, o lm gng :
o lm gng l nt p ca vn ha truyn thng dn tc v phng ng .

Ni i i vi lm phi i lin vi nu gng o c . xy dng nn

o c mi phi c bit ch trng o lm gng, xy dng gng
ngi tt, vic tt :
Ly gng ngi tt, vic tt hng ngy gio dc ln nhau l mt cch tt nht
xy dng ng, xy dng cc t chc cch mng, xy dng con ngi mi, cuc sng
mi .
(H Ch Minh ton tp.t12.tr558)

o lm gng phi c qun trit tt c mi ngi, trong mi lnh

vc, trong ng, Nh nc, gia nh v x hi .
H Ch Minh l tm gng mu mc trn tt c cc lnh vc . H Ch Minh o to cc
th h cch mng khng ch bng t tng cch mng tin phong m cn bng chnh tm
gng o c cao p ca mnh mi ngi noi theo .
Xy i i vi chng :

Trong rn luyn o c, xy phi i i vi chng v trong i sng hng ngy

gia ci tt v ci xu, ci ng v ci sai, o c v v o c thng an xen nhau .
Do phi kt hp cht ch xy v chng trong :

Xy i i vi chng

Mun xy phi chng

Chng nhm mc ch xy
Xy : l gio dc nhng chun mc o c mi, trong t rn luyn l yu cu ht
sc cn thit ca mi ngi .Trong t rn luyn, H Ch Minh yu cu phi chin thng
k th ngay trong mi ngi .
Chng : l loi b dn ci sai, ci lc hu, v o c trong i sng hng ngy .
H Ch Minh coi nhim v xy v chng trong rn luyn o c cng l
cuc chin u khng l gia tin b v lc hu, gia cch mng v phn cch mng.
ginh thng li trong cuc chin u phi hnh thnh c phong tro qun chng
rng ri tin hnh cuc u tranh th ci mi, ci tin b mi c th chin thng.
Tu dng o c sut i :
o c cch mng ch c th hnh thnh trn c s t gic tu dng ca mi
ngi, phi lm th no mi ngi t nhn thy vic trau di tu dng o c cch
mng l cng vic sung sng, v vang nht .
H Ch Minh nhc li lun im chnh tm tu thn ca Khng T v ch
r chnh tm tu thn l ci to . Ci to cng phi trng k gian kh v l mt cuc
cch mng trong bn thn mi ngi . Bi dng t tng mi nh thng t tng
c, on tuyt vi con ngi c tr thnh con ngi mi khng phi l mt cng vic
d dng . D kh khn, gian kh nhng mun ci to th nht nh thnh cng.
(H Ch Minh ton tp.t7.tr148)
o c cch mng l o c dn thn, o c trong hnh ng v c lp t
do ca dn tc, hnh phc ca nhn dn . Ch c trong hnh ng o c cch
mng mi bc l r nhng gi tr ca mnh v vy phi rn luyn tu dng o
c sut i cng nh vic ra mt hng ngy .
o c cch mng khng phi trn tri sa xung . N do u tranh rn
luyn bn b hng ngy m pht trin v cng c, cng nh ngc cng mi cng sng,
vng cng luyn cng trong.

Phn lin h thc tin: Sinh vin tm hiu thm phn kt lun, t nghin cu.