-

- 2008 -

http://arabmaths.ift.fr

:
- 1 r ) M(z ) M 1 ( z1 :

1 + 3i
1
2

1 + 3i
=1
2

1 + 3i
3+i
z+
2
2

= z1

3+i
2
=
r
1 + 3i
1
2
1 + 3i
]) [ 2
( arg
2

] [ 2
3
h ) M(z ) M 2 ( z 2 z 2 = 2z + 3i
3 +i

=
1 i 3

)( 3 + i)(1 + i 3
=
= i
4

} 2 \ * {1 h ) (i -2
2 - ) M(z ) M(z F
F=hor
r
h
M
M1
'M
z
z1
'z

1 + 3i
3+i
1 + 3i
3+i
z1 z ' = 2z1 + 3i

((z ' = 2
)z +
) + 3i
+
2
2
2
2
z ' i = (1 + i 3)z 3 + i
z ' = (1 + i 3)z ( 3 + i) + 3i

)z ' i = (1 + i 3)z i(1 i 3

4
3

)z ' i = (1 + i 3)(z i

(1 + i 3) = 2e

)(z i

4
3

z ' i = 2e
4

)z ' i = 2e 3 (z i
z=i z=i
F() =
3 )B=F(A
)(a i

4
3

b i = 2e

+ i

i = e 2
)C=F(B

5
6

(2e 3 a + 2e

+ i

4
3

5
6

c i = 2e

c = 4e 3 a + 4e 6 + i

4
3

b = 2e 3 a 2ie
4

b = 2e 3 a + 2e

D=F(C)
d i = 2e

4
3

(4e

2
3

+ 4e 6 )

3
i
2

d = 8ei2 a + 8e + i

d = 8a 7i
d = 8a 8i + i
. D A
d i 8a 7i i 8(a i)

=
=
a i
a i
a i
d i
= 8
a i
d i
. D A

a i
{(B, 4);(C, 2);(D,1)}
JJJG JJJG JJJG G
4B + 2C + D = 0
i

4
3

4(b i) + 2(c i) + d i = 8e a + 8e
= 8a(1 + e
= 8a(1 + e

2
i
3

2
i
3

5
6

2
3

+ 8e a + 8e + 8a 8i

+e

4
i
3

2
i
3

) + 8(e

5
i
6

i
2

i
6

+ e i)
i

+ e ) + 8(e (e + e ) i)
2

= 8a(1 + 2 cos ) + 8(i.2 cos i)

3
3
1
1
= 8a(1 + 2( )) + 8(2i i) = 0
2
2
{(B, 4);(C, 2);(D,1)}
G
D (O, u) d = d
-

8a 7i = 8a + 7i
8(a a) 14i = 0
16 Im ai 14i = 0
7
Im a =
8

y=

7
A(a)
8

:
x * y = x + y 3xy
(x, y) \
(1 3x)(1 3y) = 1 3(x * y) - 1
3(x * y) = 1 (1 3x)(1 3y)
3(x * y) = 3x + 3y 9xy
x * y = x + y 3xy
3(x * y) = 1 (1 3x 3y + 9xy)
(1 3x)(1 3y) = 1 3(x * y) 1 3x 3y + 9xy = 1 3(x * y)
x * y = x + y 3xy = y + x 3yx = y * x -
(x, y) \ 2
. *
3
x *(y * z) = (x * y)* z
(x, y, z) \
. *
(x \ )
x *e = x x + e 3xe = x
( x \ ) e(1 3x) = 0
2

e = 0 1 3x = 0

 1-3x =0 x \ 0 *.
1
1
x )* ( \ , x \ x*x =0
3
3
x * x ' = 0 x + x ' 3xx ' = 0
x '(1 3x) = x
x
1
) ( x
=' x
1 3x
3
1
)* ( \ ,
3
2 (x) = 1 3x -
1
)(x * y) = 1 3(x * y

(x, y) ( \ ) 2
3
)= (1 3x)(1 3y
)(x * y) = (x) (y

1
)* ( \ , ) ( \ * ,
3
1
? )(!x \ ) / y = (x
) * \ (y
3
y = (x) y = 1 3x
1 y
=x
3
1

x
3
1

=x
3
1 y 1
) ( y 0
= y=0
3
3
1
)* ( \ , ) ( \ * ,
3
1
1

1 ( \*+ ) = , ( , ) = \*+ -
3
3

1
1

) (
x ,
) ((x) >
3
3

(x) 0
1

(1) ( , ) \ *+
3

*+
y \
1

x , (x) = y :
3

y = (x) y = 1 3x
1 y
=x
3
1 y < 1
y < 0
y > 0
1
1 y 1
<
< x
3
3
3
1

)(2) \ *+ ( ,
3

1 ( \*+ ) = ,
3

( , ) = \ *+ ( 2) ( 1)
3

1
, 3 \ 3
1
1

0 , ,
3
3

, 3 y x
y

x * y ' = x *(
)
1 3y
y
y
=x
3x(
)
1 3y
1 3y
x 3xy y + 3xy

=
1 3y
xy

x*y' =
1 3y
1 x y 1 3y 3x + 3y
1 3x

=
=
3 1 3y
3(1 3y)
3(1 3y)
1
1
1 3y > 0 1 3x > 0
y < x <
3
3
1
xy 1
1 3x

<

> 0
x * y ' ,
1 3y 3
3(1 3y)
3

1
( \ ,*) ( , ,*)
3

3
0
(0)
n=0 3
((x)) = 1
(x ) = (0) = 1
(x (0) ) = ((x))0

(x (n ) ) = ((x)) n
(n +1)
n +1

(x
) = ((x))
(n +1)
n

(x
) = (x ) * x)
n
= (x ) (x) ( )

= ((x)) n (x)
(n +1)
n +1

(x
) = ((x))
(n )
n
(n )
1
n
(x ) = ((x)) x = (((x) ) -
x (n ) = 1 ((1 3x) n )

1 y

, 3 1 3y )

x (n ) =

((x, y) \ 2 )

xTy = x + y

1 (1 3x) n
3

1
: \ T 4
3
1
-
(x, y) \ 2
xTy = x + y
3
1
= y+x
3
xTy = yTx
. T

1
(xTy)Tz = (x + y )Tz
3
2

= x+y+z
3
1
) xT(yTz) = xT(y + z
3
2

= x+y+z
3
) (xTy)Tz = xT(yTz ) (x, y, z \ 3
T .
1
1 1
) \ (x
xT = x + = x
3
3 3
1

T
3
x ) ( \, T x E :
1
= ' ) xTx T (
3
1
1 1
= xTx ' = x + x '
3
3 3
2
x'= x
3
(x, y, z) \ 3

\ ) . ( \, T ( \, T) : .
1
) ( \, T )* ( \ ,
3
* T
3
) * (
\ )(x, y, z
)x *(yTz) = (x * y)T(x * z
1
) x *(yTz) = x *(y + z

3
1
1
) = x + y + z 3x(y + z
3
3
1

(1) x *(yTz) = 2x + y + z 3xy 3xz

3
)(x * y)T(x * z) = (x + y 3xy)T(x + z 3xz
1
(x * y)T(x * z) = x + y 3xy + x + z 3xz

3
1
(2) (x * y)T(x * z) = 2x + y + z 3xy 3xz
3
) (1 ) (2 * . T
( \, T,*) : .

:


= X
(X=2) 1 BB RR
1 1
3 3
) ( p(X = 2) = ( ) +
4 4
4 4

1 9
+
16 16
5

p(X = 2) =
8
RBB BRR ( X=3)
1 3 3
3 1 1
p(X = 3) = ( ) + ( )
4 4 4
4 4 4
9
3
p(X = 3) =
+
64 64
3
p(X = 3) =
16
k `* 2
(BRBRB................BRBB) ( X = 2k) -
p(X = 2) =

2k-2 2k-1 2k
(RBRB................RBRR)
2k-2 2k-1 2k
1 k 1 3 k 1 1 2 3 k 1 1 k 1 3 2
p 2k = ( ) .( ) .( ) + ( ) .( ) .( )
4
4
4
4
4
4
1 k +1 3 k 1 3 k +1 1 k 1
= ( ) .( ) + ( ) .( )
4
4
4
4
1
3
1
3
= ( ) k 1.( ) k 1 (( ) 2 + ( ) 2 )
4
4
4
4
3
10
= ( ) k 1
16
16
5 3 k 1
p 2k = ( )
8 16
: ( X=2k+1)
(BRBRB................BRBRR )
2k-2 2k-1
2k
(RBRB................BRBB)

2k+1

2k-1
2k 2k+1
1 k 3 k 1 3 2 3 k 1 k 1 1 k
p 2k +1 = ( ) ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
4
4 4
4
1 k 3 k +1 3 k 1 k +1
p 2k +1 = ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( )
4 4
4 4
1 3 3 1
= ( )k ( )k ( + )
4 4 4 4
1 3
= ( )k ( )k
4 4
3
p 2k +1 = ( ) k
16

2k-2

 :
f I = , + :
2

-1

)ln(1 + 2x
.2
x 0
2x
)= 1 2 = 2 = f (0

)ln(1 + 2x

;x 0
= )f (x
x

f (0) = 2

lim f (x) = lim

x 0

f x 0 = 0
1

a , + - 2
2

2
2
h a (x) = (ln(1 + 2a) 2a)x (ln(1 + 2x) 2x)a
h a (0) = 0 h a (a) = 0
h a 0 a
. 0 a
Rolle b 0 a h a '(b) = 0 :
2
( h 'a (x) = 2(ln(1 + 2a) 2a)x
2)a 2
1 + 2x
1
( = h 'a (b) = 0 (ln(1 + 2a) 2a)b
1)a 2
1 + 2b
ln(1 + 2a) 2a
2b

=
a2
)b(1 + 2b
ln(1 + 2a) 2a
2

=
2
a
1 + 2b
)f (x) f (0
ln(1 + 2x) 2x
-
lim
= lim
x 0
x 0
x
x2
ln(1 + 2x) 2x
2
- -
b : 0 x
=
2
x
1 + 2b
0 < b < x
)(x > 0
ln(1 + 2x) 2x
2
lim+
= lim+
= 2
2
x 0
b 0 1 + 2b
x
f . 0 f 'd (0) = 2
)(x < 0
x < b < 0
)f (x) f (0
2
lim
= lim
= 2
x 0
b

0
x
1 + 2b
f . 0 f 'g (0) = 2

)(a 0

f . 0 f '(0) = 2
3 f . } I {0 }I {0

2
)x ln(1 + 2x
f '(x) = 1 + 2x

x2
)2x (1 + 2x) ln(1 + 2x

= )f '(x
)x 2 (1 + 2x
)g(x

f '(x) = 2
)x (1 + 2x
g(x) = 2x (1 + 2x) ln(1 + 2x) :

)}(x I {0

(1 + 2x)2

)(1 + 2x
)g '(x) = 2 ln(1 + 2x

g '(x) = 0 1 + 2x = 1
x=0
x > 0 1 + 2x > 1
ln(1 + 2x) > 0
ln(1 + 2x) < 0
g '(x) < 0
g '(x) = 2 2 ln(1 + 2x)

0
0

-1/2
+

)(x I

X
)g(x

0
)g(x
g g : 0 g(0)=0
g(x) < 0
)}(x I {0
1+2x >0
- x : I
) f(x )g(x
g(x)<0 x }I {0
f(x)<0 f I
)ln(1 + 2x
-4-
lim f (x) = lim
1
1
x
x
x
2
1
2

2
1
2

x >

x >

= +
1

2
1
x = )(C
2
)ln(1 + 2x

lim f (x) = lim

x +
x +
x
)ln(1 + 2x) (1 + 2x
= lim

)x + (1 + 2x
x
= 0 2 = 0
y=0 ) (C )(+
h(x) = f (x) 1
h ][1, 2
=

h '(x) = f '(x) < 0

)](x [1, 2

h ][1, 2
ln 5
h(1) = f (1) 1 1 < 0
2
= ln 3 1 > 0
h(1) h(2) < 0
] [1, 2 h() = 0 : f () = 1
= )h(2

 )(C

- 1 ( II ] J = [1, )(x) = ln(1 + 2x

)(x I

I I
2
1 + 2x
x 1 1 + 2x 3
1
1
<0

1 + 2x 3
2
2
<0

1 + 2x 3
2
) 0 < '(x
3
) ln(1 + 2
f ( ) = 1
=1

ln(1 + 2 ) =
() =
= ) '(x

)(x I

3
)1 x (1) (x) (
1 < ln 3 (x)
)(x J
1 < (x)
(J) J
U0 = 1
-2

) U n +1 = ln(1 + 2U n )(n 0
- ) U n +1 = (U n
U n J 1 U n n 0
n = 0 U 0 = 1 U 0 J
U n J n 0 U n +1 J
U n J -1 (J) J -
(U n ) J U n +1 J
U n J n 0

) 0 < '(x I

 1 2
2 1
2
U 0 ( )0
3
2
U n ( ) n n 0
3
2 n +1
) ( U n +1
3
U n U n
1 1 0 < 1

c U n :
(U n ) () = '(c) U n

2

3
) U n +1 = (U n
1 () = -
2
U n +1 U n
3
2
U n ( ) n
3
2
U n +1 ( ) n +1
3
2 n
) ( U n )(n 0
3
2
2
( ) n ) 0 (1 < < 1
3
3
) (U n lim U n =
) 0 < '(x )(x 1

) '(c

n +

( III F I F(x) = f (t)dt :

0

- 1 f I I
)(x I
I ) '(x) = f (x
F(x) = [ (t) ]0
)= (x) (0
F I I
)(x I
)F '(x) = '(x
)F'(x) = f (x
x

f f(x)>0
F(x)>0 F I
x

2 F(x) = f (t)dt
0

F(x) = f (t)dt + f (t)dt

0

x 1 F(x) f (t)dt
1

)(x I

)ln(1 + 2t
dt
t
1
1
1
)ln(1 + 2t) ln(1 + 2t
t 1 + 2t

t 1 + 2t
t
1 + 2t
x
x
)ln(1 + 2t
)ln(1 + 2t

dt
dt
t
1 + 2t
1
1
) F(x

)ln(1 + 2t
dt
t
1

)F(x

)ln(1 + 2t
dt
1 + 2t
1

)F(x
x

)ln(1 + 2t
1
1 1 + 2t dt = 1 ln(1 + 2t) 2 ln'(1 + 2t)dt
x

)ln(1 + 2t
1
2

1 1 + 2t dt = 4 (ln(1 + 2t)) 1
1
1
= (ln(1 + 2x)) 2 (ln 3) 2
4
4
1
1
F(x) (ln(1 + 2x)) 2 (ln 3) 2
4
4
1
1
lim (ln(1 + 2x))2 (ln 3) 2 = +
x + 4
4
lim F(x) = +
x +

1
3 F A
2
1
F
2
 F 1 , + :


)F(x
= F(x); x I

 1
F( ) = A

2
1

F F
2
F 1
 :
,x

1
2 , x
T.A.F
( F
) 1
)F(x
1

)2 = F'(c

c , x :
1
2
x+
2

1
) F(x) A = F'(c)(x +
2
1
) F(x) A = f (c)(x +
2
1
< c < x :
2
f I )f (c) f (x

1
) F(x) A f (x)(x +
2

( F
) 1
)F(x
2 = lim F(x) A -
lim
1
1
1
1
x
x
+
x
2
2 x+
1
1
2
2
x >
x >
2

) lim f (x
1
2
1
x >
2
x

lim f (x) = +

1
2
1
x >
2
x


) 1
)F(x
( F
2 +
lim1
1
x
x+
2
1
2
x >
2

1
: 
F
2