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TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895
MT S PHNG PHP GII NHANH

1. PHNG PHP SUY LUN NHANH
C S DNG NH LUT BO TON KHI LNG
Nguyn tc ca phng php ny kh n gin, da vo nh lut bo ton khi lng Tng khi lng cc
cht tham gia phn ng bng tng khi lng cc cht to thnh trong phn ng. Cn lu l: khng tnh
khi lng ca phn khng tham gia phn ng cng nh phn cht c sn, v d nc c sn trong dung
dch.
Khi c cn dung dch th khi lng mui thu c bng tng khi lng cc cation kim loi v anion gc
axit.
V d 1: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe2O3. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng mgam hn hp X nung
nng. Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 64 gam cht rn A trong ng s v 11,2 lt kh B (ktc) c t khi
so vi H2 l 20,4. Tnh gi tr m.
A. 105,6 gam.
B. 35,2 gam.
C. 70,4 gam.
D. 140,8 gam.
Hng dn gii
Cc phn ng kh st oxit c th c:
t
3Fe2O3 + CO
2Fe3O4 + CO2
(1)
t
Fe3O4 + CO
3FeO + CO2
(2)
t
FeO + CO
(3)
Fe + CO2
Nh vy cht rn A c th gm 3 cht Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 hoc t hn, iu khng quan trng v vic cn
bng cc phng trnh trn cng khng cn thit, quan trng l s mol CO phn ng bao gi cng bng s
mol CO2 to thnh.
o
11,2
0,5 mol.
22,5
Gi x l s mol ca CO2 ta c phng trnh v khi lng ca B:
44x + 28(0,5 x) = 0,5 20,4 2 = 20,4
nhn c x = 0,4 mol v do cng chnh l s mol CO tham gia phn ng.
Theo LBTKL ta c:
mX + mCO = mA + mCO2
nB
m = 64 + 0,4 44 0,4 28 = 70,4 gam. (p n C)
V d 2: un 132,8 gam hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi H2SO4 c 140oC thu c hn hp cc ete c

s mol bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2 gam. S mol ca mi ete trong hn hp l bao nhiu?
A. 0,1 mol.
B. 0,15 mol.
C. 0,4 mol.
D. 0,2 mol.
Hng dn gii
Ta bit rng c 3 loi ru tch nc iu kin H2SO4 c, 140oC th to thnh 6 loi ete v tch ra 6 phn
t H2O.
Theo LBTKL ta c
mH2O mr u mete 132,8 11,2 21,6 gam
n H2O
21,6
1,2 mol.
18
TI LIU LTH MN HA NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC

1
Mt khc c hai phn t ru th to ra mt phn t ete v mt phn t H2O do s mol H2O lun bng s
1,2
0,2 mol. (p n C)
mol ete, suy ra s mol mi ete l
6
Nhn xt: Chng ta khng cn vit 6 phng trnh phn ng t ru tch nc to thnh 6 ete, cng khng
cn tm CTPT ca cc ru v cc ete trn. Nu cc bn xa vo vic vit phng trnh phn ng v t n
s mol cc ete tnh ton th khng nhng khng gii c m cn tn qu nhiu thi gian.
V d 3: Cho 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dung dch HNO 3 63%. Sau phn ng
thu c dung dch A v 11,2 lt kh NO2 duy nht (ktc). Tnh nng % cc cht c trong dung dch A.
A. 36,66% v 28,48%.
B. 27,19% v 21,12%.
C. 27,19% v 72,81%.
D. 78,88% v 21,12%.
Hng dn gii
Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
Cu + 4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
n NO2 0,5 mol n HNO3 2n NO2 1 mol.

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:
md2 mui mh2 k.loi md 2 HNO mNO2

3
1 63 100
12
46 0,5 89 gam.
63
t nFe = x mol, nCu = y mol ta c:
56x 64y 12 x 0,1
3x 2y 0,5
y 0,1
0,1 242 100

27,19%
89
0,1 188 100
21,12%. (p n B)
89
%mFe(NO3 )3
%mCu(NO3 )2

C S DNG BO TON MOL NGUYN T
C rt nhiu phng php gii ton ha hc khc nhau nhng phng php bo ton nguyn t v phng
php bo ton s mol electron cho php chng ta gp nhiu phng trnh phn ng li lm mt, qui gn vic
tnh ton v nhm nhanh p s. Rt ph hp vi vic gii cc dng bi ton ha hc trc nghim. Cch thc
gp nhng phng trnh lm mt v cch lp phng trnh theo phng php bo ton nguyn t s c
gii thiu trong mt s v d sau y.
V d 1: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 cn 0,05 mol H2. Mt khc ha tan
hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c thu c th tch kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy
nht) iu kin tiu chun l
A. 448 ml.
B. 224 ml.
C. 336 ml.
D. 112 ml.
Hng dn gii
Thc cht phn ng kh cc oxit st trn l
H2
+ O H2O
0,05 0,05 mol
2
t s mol hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 ln lt l x, y, z. Ta c:

nO = x + 4y + 3z = 0,05 mol
(1)
3, 04 0, 05 16
n Fe
0, 04 mol
56
x + 3y + 2z = 0,04 mol
(2)
Nhn hai v ca (2) vi 3 ri tr (1) ta c:
x + y = 0,02 mol.
Mt khc:
2FeO + 4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
x
x/2
2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10H2O
y
y/2
x y 0,2
0, 01 mol
tng: nSO2
2
2
VSO2 224 ml. (p n B)
Vy:
V d 2: Thi t t V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H2 i qua mt ng ng 16,8 gam hn hp 3 oxit:
CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3 nung nng, phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn v mt hn hp
kh v hi nng hn khi lng ca hn hp V l 0,32 gam. Tnh V v m.
A. 0,224 lt v 14,48 gam.
B. 0,672 lt v 18,46 gam.
C. 0,112 lt v 12,28 gam.
D. 0,448 lt v 16,48 gam.
Hng dn gii
Thc cht phn ng kh cc oxit trn l
CO + O CO2
H2 + O H2O.
Khi lng hn hp kh to thnh nng hn hn hp kh ban u chnh l khi lng ca nguyn t Oxi
trong cc oxit tham gia phn ng. Do vy:
mO = 0,32 gam.
0,32
nO
0, 02 mol
16
CO
n H2 0, 02 mol
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:

moxit = mcht rn + 0,32
16,8 = m + 0,32
m = 16,48 gam.
Vhh (COH2 ) 0, 02 22, 4 0, 448 lt. (p n D)
V d 3:Thi rt chm 2,24 lt (ktc) mt hn hp kh gm CO v H2 qua mt ng s ng hn hp Al2O3,

CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 c khi lng l 24 gam d ang c un nng. Sau khi kt thc phn ng khi lng
cht rn cn li trong ng s l
A. 22,4 gam.
B. 11,2 gam.
C. 20,8 gam.
D. 16,8 gam.
Hng dn gii
2,24
0,1 mol
22,4
Thc cht phn ng kh cc oxit l:
CO + O CO2
3
n hh (COH2 )
Vy:
n O n CO n H2
H2 + O H2O.
0,1 mol .
mO = 1,6 gam.
Khi lng cht rn cn li trong ng s l: 24 1,6 = 22,4 gam. (p n A)
C S DNG BO TON MOL ELECTRON
Trc ht cn nhn mnh y khng phi l phng php cn bng phn ng oxi ha - kh, mc d phng
php thng bng electron dng cn bng phn ng oxi ha - kh cng da trn s bo ton electron.
Nguyn tc ca phng php nh sau: khi c nhiu cht oxi ha, cht kh trong mt hn hp phn ng
(nhiu phn ng hoc phn ng qua nhiu giai on) th tng s electron ca cc cht kh cho phi bng tng
s electron m cc cht oxi ha nhn. Ta ch cn nhn nh ng trng thi u v trng thi cui ca cc
cht oxi ha hoc cht kh, thm ch khng cn quan tm n vic cn bng cc phng trnh phn ng.
Phng php ny c bit l th i vi cc bi ton cn phi bin lun nhiu trng hp c th xy ra.
Sau y l mt s v d in hnh.
V d 1: Oxi ha hon ton 0,728 gam bt Fe ta thu c 1,016 gam hn hp hai oxit st (hn hp A).
1. Ha tan hn hp A bng dung dch axit nitric long d. Tnh th tch kh NO duy nht bay ra ( ktc).
A. 2,24 ml.
B. 22,4 ml.
C. 33,6 ml.
D. 44,8 ml.
2. Cng hn hp A trn trn vi 5,4 gam bt Al ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm (hiu sut 100%). Ha
tan hn hp thu c sau phn ng bng dung dch HCl d. Tnh th tch bay ra ( ktc).
A. 6,608 lt.
B. 0,6608 lt.
C. 3,304 lt.
D. 33,04. lt
Hng dn gii
1. Cc phn ng c th c:
t
2Fe + O2
2FeO
(1)
2Fe + 1,5O2
Fe2O3
(2)
to
t
3Fe + 2O2
Fe3O4
Cc phn ng ha tan c th c:
3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O
3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 9Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14H2O
Ta nhn thy tt c Fe t Fe0 b oxi ha thnh Fe+3, cn N+5 b kh thnh N+2,
phng trnh bo ton electron l:
0,728
3n 0, 009 4
3 0, 039 mol.
56
trong , n l s mol NO thot ra. Ta d dng rt ra
n = 0,001 mol;
VNO = 0,00122,4 = 0,0224 lt = 22,4 ml. (p n B)
2. Cc phn ng c th c:
o
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
O20 b kh thnh 2O2 nn
t
2Al + 3FeO
3Fe + Al2O3
(7)
t
2Al + Fe2O3
2Fe + Al2O3
(8)
8Al + 3Fe3O4
9Fe + 4Al2O3
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
(9)
(10)
to

4
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2

(11)
0
+2
0
Xt cc phn ng (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) ta thy Fe cui cng thnh Fe , Al thnh Al+3, O20 thnh 2O2 v
2H+ thnh H2 nn ta c phng trnh bo ton electron nh sau:
5, 4 3
0, 013 2
0, 009 4 n 2
27
Fe0 Fe+2
Al0 Al+3
O20 2O2
2H+ H2
n = 0,295 mol
VH2 0,295 22,4 6,608 lt. (p n A)
Nhn xt: Trong bi ton trn cc bn khng cn phi bn khon l to thnh hai oxit st (hn hp A) gm
nhng oxit no v cng khng cn phi cn bng 11 phng trnh nh trn m ch cn quan tm ti trng thi
u v trng thi cui ca cc cht oxi ha v cht kh ri p dng lut bo ton electron tnh lc bt
c cc giai on trung gian ta s tnh nhm nhanh c bi ton.
V d 2:Trn 0,81 gam bt nhm vi bt Fe2O3 v CuO ri t nng tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu
c hn hp A. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO3 un nng thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh
duy nht) ktc. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,224 lt.
B. 0,672 lt.
C. 2,24 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
Hng dn gii
Fe O
to
ha tan hon ton
0,81 gam Al 2 3
hn hp A
VNO ?
dung dch HNO3
CuO
Thc cht trong bi ton ny ch c qu trnh cho v nhn electron ca nguyn t Al v N.
Al 3e Al+3
v
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,81
0,09 mol
0,09 mol 0,03 mol
27
VNO = 0,0322,4 = 0,672 lt. (p n D)

Tm tt theo s :
Nhn xt: Phn ng nhit nhm cha bit l hon ton hay khng hon ton do hn hp A khng xc nh
c chnh xc gm nhng cht no nn vic vit phng trnh ha hc v cn bng phng trnh phc tp.
Khi ha tan hon ton hn hp A trong axit HNO3 th Al0 to thnh Al+3, nguyn t Fe v Cu c bo ton
ha tr.
C bn s thc mc lng kh NO cn c to bi kim loi Fe v Cu trong hn hp A. Thc cht lng Al
phn ng b li lng Fe v Cu to thnh.
V d 3: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe (nAl = nFe) vo 100 ml dung dch Y gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn A gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan hon ton cht rn A vo dung dch
HCl d thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc) v cn li 28 gam cht rn khng tan B. Nng CM ca
Cu(NO3)2 v ca AgNO3 ln lt l
A. 2M v 1M.
B. 1M v 2M.
C. 0,2M v 0,1M. D. kt qu khc.
Tm tt s :
Al
8,3 gam hn hp X
+ 100 ml dung dch Y
Fe
(n Al = n Fe )
Cht rn A
(3 kim loi)
: x mol
AgNO3
Cu(NO3 )2 :y mol
1,12
28
Hng dn gii
5
Ta c:
8,3
0,1 mol.
83
x mol v n Cu(NO3 )2 y mol
nAl = nFe =
t n AgNO3
X + Y Cht rn A gm 3 kim loi.

Al ht, Fe cha phn ng hoc cn d. Hn hp hai mui ht.
Qu trnh oxi ha:
Al Al3+ + 3e
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
0,1
0,3
0,1
0,2
Tng s mol e nhng bng 0,5 mol.

Qu trnh kh:
Ag+ + 1e Ag
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
2H+ + 2e H2
x
x
x
y
2y
y
0,1
0,05
Tng s e mol nhn bng (x + 2y + 0,1).
Theo nh lut bo ton electron, ta c phng trnh:
x + 2y + 0,1 = 0,5 hay x + 2y = 0,4
(1)
Mt khc, cht rn B khng tan l: Ag: x mol ; Cu: y mol.
108x + 64y = 28
(2)
Gii h (1), (2) ta c:
x = 0,2 mol ; y = 0,1 mol.
0,2
0,1
C M AgNO3
= 2M; C M Cu(NO3 )2
= 1M. (p n B)
0,1
0,1
C S DNG PHNG TRNH ION RT GN
lm tt cc bi ton bng phng php ion iu u tin cc bn phi nm chc phng trnh phn ng
di dng cc phn t t suy ra cc phng trnh ion, i khi c mt s bi tp khng th gii theo cc
phng trnh phn t c m phi gii da theo phng trnh ion. Vic gii bi ton ha hc bng phng
php ion gip chng ta hiu k hn v bn cht ca cc phng trnh ha hc. T mt phng trnh ion c
th ng vi rt nhiu phng trnh phn t. V d phn ng gia hn hp dung dch axit vi dung dch baz
u c chung mt phng trnh ion l
H+ + OH H2O
hoc phn ng ca Cu kim loi vi hn hp dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch H2SO4 l
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O ...
Sau y l mt s v d:
V d 1: Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo dung dch
Y gm (HCl v H2SO4 long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M vo dung dch Z
cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO3)2 cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc
phng n no?
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt.
B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt.
C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt.
D. 50 ml; 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe2O3 v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe3O4.
Hn hp X gm: (Fe3O4 0,2 mol; Fe 0,1 mol) tc dng vi dung dch Y
Fe3O4 + 8H+ Fe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 4H2O
6
0,2
0,2
0,4 mol
+
2+
Fe + 2H Fe + H2
0,1
0,1 mol
2+
3+
Dung dch Z: (Fe : 0,3 mol; Fe : 0,4 mol) + Cu(NO3)2:
3Fe2+ + NO3 + 4H+ 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O
0,3
0,1
0,1 mol
VNO = 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt.

1
n Cu(NO3 )2 n NO 0, 05 mol
3
2
0, 05
Vdd Cu(NO3 )2
0, 05 lt (hay 50 ml). (p n C)
V d 2: Ha tan 0,1 mol Cu kim loi trong 120 ml dung dch X gm HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,344 lt.
B. 1,49 lt.
C. 0,672 lt.
D. 1,12 lt.
Hng dn gii
n HNO3 0,12 mol ;

Tng: n H 0,24 mol
n H2SO4 0, 06 mol
v
n NO 0,12 mol.
3
Phng trnh ion:

3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
Ban u:
0,1 0,24 0,12 mol
Phn ng:
0,09 0,24 0,06
0,06 mol
Sau phn ng:
0,01 (d) (ht)
0,06 (d)
VNO = 0,0622,4 = 1,344 lt. (p n A)

V d 3:Dung dch X cha dung dch NaOH 0,2M v dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,1M. Sc 7,84 lt kh CO2 (ktc)
vo 1 lt dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l
A. 15 gam.
B. 5 gam.
C. 10 gam.
D. 0 gam.
Hng dn gii
n CO2 = 0,35 mol ; nNaOH = 0,2 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0,1 mol.

Tng: n OH = 0,2 + 0,12 = 0,4 mol v n Ca2 = 0,1 mol.
Phng trnh ion rt gn:
CO2 + 2OH CO32 + H2O
0,35
0,4
0,2 0,4
0,2 mol
n CO2 (d ) = 0,35 0,2 = 0,15 mol
tip tc xy ra phn ng:

Ban u:
Phn ng:
n CO2
CO32 + CO2 + H2O 2HCO3

0,2
0,15 mol
0,15 0,15 mol
cn li bng 0,15 mol
n CaCO3 = 0,05 mol

7
mCaCO3 = 0,05100 = 5 gam. (p n B)

VI S S DNG CC GI TR TRUNG BNH
y l mt trong mt s phng php hin i nht cho php gii nhanh chng v n gin nhiu bi ton
ha hc v hn hp cc cht rn, lng cng nh kh.
Nguyn tc ca phng php nh sau: Khi lng phn t trung bnh (KLPTTB) (k hiu M) cng nh khi
lng nguyn t trung bnh (KLNTTB) chnh l khi lng ca mt mol hn hp, nn n c tnh theo
cng thc:
tng khi lng hn hp (tnh theo gam)

.
tng s mol cc cht trong hn hp
M1n1 M 2 n 2 M 3n3 ... M i n i
n1 n 2 n3 ...
ni
(1)
trong M1, M2,... l KLPT (hoc KLNT) ca cc cht trong hn hp; n1, n2,... l s mol tng ng ca cc
cht.
Cng thc (1) c th vit thnh:
n
n
n
M M1. 1 M 2 . 2 M 3 . 3 ...
ni
ni
ni
M M1x1 M 2 x 2 M 3 x3 ...
(2)
trong x1, x2,... l % s mol tng ng (cng chnh l % khi lng) ca cc cht. c bit i vi cht kh
th x1, x2, ... cng chnh l % th tch nn cng thc (2) c th vit thnh:
M1V1 M 2 V2 M3 V3 ... M i Vi
V1 V2 V3 ...
Vi
(3)
trong V1, V2,... l th tch ca cc cht kh. Nu hn hp ch c 2 cht th cc cng thc (1), (2), (3) tng
ng tr thnh (1), (2), (3) nh sau:
M1n1 M2 (n n1 )
n
trong n l tng s s mol ca cc cht trong hn hp,
M
(1)
M M1x1 M 2 (1 x1 )
(2)
trong con s 1 ng vi 100% v
M1V1 M2 (V V1 )
V
trong V1 l th tch kh th nht v V l tng th tch hn hp.
T cng thc tnh KLPTTB ta suy ra cc cng thc tnh KLNTTB.
Vi cc cng thc:
C x H yOz ; n1 mol
M
(3)
C x H yOz ; n 2 mol
ta c:
- Nguyn t cacbon trung bnh:
x1n1 x2 n 2 ...
n1 n 2 ...

8
- Nguyn t hiro trung bnh:
y1n1 y2 n 2 ...
n1 n 2 ...
v i khi tnh c c s lin kt , s nhm chc trung bnh theo cng thc trn.
V d 1: Ha tan hon ton 2,84 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi phn nhm IIA v thuc
hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon bng dung dch HCl ta thu c dung dch X v 672 ml CO 2 (
ktc).
1. Hy xc nh tn cc kim loi.
A. Be, Mg.
B. Mg, Ca.
C. Ca, Ba.
D. Ca, Sr.
2. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 2 gam.
B. 2,54 gam.
C. 3,17 gam.
D. 2,95 gam.
Hng dn gii
1. Gi A, B l cc kim loi cn tm. Cc phng trnh phn ng l
ACO3 + 2HCl ACl2 + H2O + CO2
(1)
BCO3 + 2HCl BCl2 + H2O + CO2

(2)
(C th gi M l kim loi i din cho 2 kim loi A, B lc ch cn vit mt phng trnh phn ng).
Theo cc phn ng (1), (2) tng s mol cc mui cacbonat bng:
0,672
0,03 mol.
22,4
Vy KLPTTB ca cc mui cacbonat l
2,84
M
94,67 v
MA,B 94,67 60 34,67
0,03
V thuc 2 chu k lin tip nn hai kim loi l Mg (M = 24) v Ca (M = 40). (p n B)
n CO2
2. KLPTTB ca cc mui clorua:
Mmui clorua 34,67 71 105,67 .

Khi lng mui clorua khan l 105,670,03 = 3,17 gam. (p n C)
V d 2: Trong t nhin, ng (Cu) tn ti di hai dng ng v
63
29
Cu v
65
29
Cu . KLNT (xp x khi lng
trung bnh) ca Cu l 63,55. Tnh % v khi lng ca mi loi ng v.

A. 65Cu: 27,5% ; 63Cu: 72,5%.
B. 65Cu: 70% ; 63Cu: 30%.
C. 65Cu: 72,5% ; 63Cu: 27,5%.
D. 65Cu: 30% ; 63Cu: 70%.
Hng dn gii
Gi x l % ca ng v
65
29
Cu ta c phng trnh:
M = 63,55 = 65.x + 63(1 x)
x = 0,275
65
Vy: ng v Cu chim 27,5% v ng v 63Cu chim 72,5%. (p n C)
V d 3: Hn hp kh SO2 v O2 c t khi so vi CH4 bng 3. Cn thm bao nhiu lt O2 vo 20 lt hn hp
kh cho t khi so vi CH4 gim i 1/6, tc bng 2,5. Cc hn hp kh cng iu kin nhit v p
sut.
A. 10 lt.
B. 20 lt.
C. 30 lt.
D. 40 lt.
Hng dn gii
9
Cch 1: Gi x l % th tch ca SO2 trong hn hp ban u, ta c:
M = 163 = 48 = 64.x + 32(1 x)
x = 0,5
Vy: mi kh chim 50%. Nh vy trong 20 lt, mi kh chim 10 lt.
Gi V l s lt O2 cn thm vo, ta c:
64 10 32(10 V)
M 2,5 16 40
.
20 V
Gii ra c V = 20lt. (p n B)
Cch 2:
Ghi ch: C th coi hn hp kh nh mt kh c KLPT chnh bng KLPT trung bnh ca hn hp, v d, c
th xem khng kh nh mt kh vi KLPT l 29.
Hn hp kh ban u coi nh kh th nht (20 lt c M = 163 = 48), cn O2 thm vo coi nh kh th hai, ta
c phng trnh:
48 20 32V
M 2,5 16 40
,
20 V
Rt ra V = 20lt. (p n B)
THEO TNG - GIM KHI LNG CHT KHI CHUYN THNH SN PHM
Nguyn tc ca phng php l xem khi chuyn t cht A thnh cht B (khng nht thit trc tip, c th b
qua nhiu giai on trung gian) khi lng tng hay gim bao nhiu gam thng tnh theo 1 mol) v da vo
khi lng thay i ta d dng tnh c s mol cht tham gia phn ng hoc ngc li. V d trong phn
ng:
MCO3 + 2HCl MCl2 + H2O + CO2
Ta thy rng khi chuyn 1 mol MCO3 thnh MCl2 th khi lng tng
(M + 235,5) (M + 60) = 11 gam
v c 1 mol CO2 bay ra. Nh vy khi bit lng mui tng, ta c th tnh lng CO2 bay ra.
Trong phn ng este ha:
CH3COOH + ROH CH3COOR + H2O
th t 1 mol ROH chuyn thnh 1 mol este khi lng tng
(R + 59) (R + 17) = 42 gam.
Nh vy nu bit khi lng ca ru v khi lng ca este ta d dng tnh c s mol ru hoc ngc
li.
Vi bi tp cho kim loi A y kim loi B ra khi dung dch mui di dng t do:
- Khi lng kim loi tng bng
mB (bm) mA (tan).
- Khi lng kim loi gim bng
mA (tan) mB (bm).
Sau y l cc v d in hnh:
V d 1: C 1 lt dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,1 mol/l v (NH4)2CO3 0,25 mol/l. Cho 43 gam hn hp BaCl2
v CaCl2 vo dung dch . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ta thu c 39,7 gam kt ta A v dung dch B. %
khi lng cc cht trong A l
A. %m BaCO3 = 50% , %m CaCO3 = 50%.
B. %m BaCO3 = 50,38% , %m CaCO3 = 49,62%.
10
C. %m BaCO3 = 49,62% , %m CaCO3 = 50,38%.

D. Khng xc nh c.
Hng dn gii
Trong dung dch:
Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO32
(NH4)2CO3 2NH4+ + CO32
BaCl2 Ba2+ + 2Cl
CaCl2 Ca2+ + 2Cl
Cc phn ng:
Ba2+ + CO32 BaCO3
(1)
2+
2
Ca + CO3 CaCO3
(2)
Theo (1) v (2) c 1 mol BaCl2, hoc CaCl2 bin thnh BaCO3 hoc CaCO3 th khi lng mui gim (71
60) = 11 gam. Do tng s mol hai mui BaCO3 v CaCO3 bng:
43 39,7
= 0,3 mol
11
m tng s mol CO32 = 0,1 + 0,25 = 0,35, iu chng t d CO32.
Gi x, y l s mol BaCO3 v CaCO3 trong A ta c:
x y 0,3
x = 0,1 mol ; y = 0,2 mol.
197x 100y 39,7

Thnh phn ca A:
%mBaCO3
0,1 197
100 = 49,62%;
39,7
%m CaCO3 = 100 49,6 = 50,38%. (p n C)

V d 2:Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr (I) v mt mui cacbonat
ca kim loi ho tr (II) bng dung dch HCl thy thot ra 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch thu c sau
phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c l bao nhiu?
A. 26,0 gam.
B. 28,0 gam.
C. 26,8 gam.
D. 28,6 gam.
Hng dn gii
C 1 mol mui cacbonat to thnh 1 mol mui clorua cho nn khi lng mui khan tng (71 60) = 11
gam, m
n CO 2 = nmui cacbonat = 0,2 mol,

suy ra khi lng mui khan tng sau phn ng l 0,211 = 2,2 gam.
Vy tng khi lng mui khan thu c l 23,8 + 2,2 = 26 gam. (p n A)
V d 3: Cho 3,0 gam mt axit no, n chc A tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH. C cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c 4,1 gam mui khan. CTPT ca A l
A. HCOOH
B. C3H7COOH
C. CH3COOH
D. C2H5COOH.
Hng dn gii
C 1 mol axit n chc to thnh 1 mol mui th khi lng tng (23 1) = 22 gam, m theo u bi khi
lng mui tng (4,1 3) = 1,1 gam nn s mol axit l
3
1,1
naxit =
= 0,05 mol. Maxit =
= 60 gam.
22
0, 05
11
t CTTQ ca axit no, n chc A l CnH2n+1COOH nn ta c:

14n + 46 = 60 n = 1.
Vy CTPT ca A l CH3COOH. (p n C)

VI S QUY I HN HP NHIU CHT V S LNG CHT T HN.
Mt s bi ton ha hc c th gii nhanh bng cc phng php bo ton electron, bo ton nguyn t, bo
ton khi lng song phng php quy i cng tm ra p s rt nhanh v l phng php tng i u
vit, c th vn dng vo cc bi tp trc nghim phn loi hc sinh.
Cc ch khi dng phng php quy i:
1. Khi quy i hn hp nhiu cht (hn hp X) (t ba cht tr ln) thnh hn hp hai cht hay ch cn mt
cht ta phi bo ton s mol nguyn t v bo ton khi lng hn hp.
2. C th quy i hn hp X v bt k cp cht no, thm ch quy i v mt cht. Tuy nhin ta nn chn cp cht
no n gin c t phn ng oxi ha kh nht n gin vic tnh ton.
3. Trong qu trnh tnh ton theo phng php quy i i khi ta gp s m l do s b tr khi lng ca
cc cht trong hn hp. Trong trng hp ny ta vn tnh ton bnh thng v kt qu cui cng vn tha
mn.
4. Khi quy i hn hp X v mt cht l FexOy th oxit FexOy tm c ch l oxit gi nh khng c thc.
V d 1: Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn X gm Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4,
FeO. Ha tan m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh
duy nht. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,2 gam.
B. 10,2 gam.
C. 7,2 gam.
D. 6,9 gam.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe2O3:
Ha tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 d ta c
Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
0,1
0,1 mol
3
S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe2O3 l
8, 4 0,1 0,35
0,35
n Fe
n Fe2O3
56
3
3
32
m X m Fe m Fe2O3
Vy:
mX
0,1
0,35
56
160 = 11,2 gam.
3
3
Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe2O3:

FeO + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O
0,1 0,1 mol
ta c
2Fe O2
2FeO
0,1 mol
0,1
0,15 mol
2Fe2O3
4Fe 3O2
0,05
0,025 mol

12
m h 2 X = 0,172 + 0,025160 = 11,2 gam. (p n A)

Ch : Vn c th quy hn hp X v hai cht (FeO v Fe3O4) hoc (Fe v FeO), hoc (Fe v Fe3O4) nhng
vic gii tr nn phc tp hn (c th l ta phi t n s mol mi cht, lp h phng trnh, gii h phng
trnh hai n s).
Quy hn hp X v mt cht l FexOy:
FexOy + (6x2y)HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + (3x2y) NO2 + (3xy)H2O
0,1
mol 0,1 mol.
3x 2y
n Fe
8, 4
0,1.x
x 6
mol.
56 3x 2y y 7
Vy cng thc quy i l Fe6O7 (M = 448) v

0,1
n Fe6O7
= 0,025 mol.
36 2 7
mX = 0,025448 = 11,2 gam.

Nhn xt: Quy i hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v hn hp hai cht l FeO, Fe2O3 l n gin nht.
V d 2: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng HNO3 c nng thu c 4,48 lt kh
NO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui khan gi tr ca m l
A. 35,7 gam.
B. 46,4 gam.
C. 15,8 gam.
D. 77,7 gam.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe2O3 ta c
FeO + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O
0,2 mol 0,2 mol 0,2 mol
Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O
0,2 mol 0,4 mol
145,2
n Fe( NO3 )3
= 0,6 mol.
242
mX = 0,2(72 + 160) = 46,4 gam. (p n B)

V d 3: Ha tan hon ton 49,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c nng thu c
dung dch Y v 8,96 lt kh SO2 (ktc).
a) Tnh phn trm khi lng oxi trong hn hp X.
A. 40,24%.
B. 30,7%.
C. 20,97%.
D. 37,5%.
b) Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch Y.
A. 160 gam.
B.140 gam.
C. 120 gam.
D. 100 gam.
Hng dn gii
Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO, Fe2O3, ta c:
2FeO 4H 2SO 4
Fe 2 (SO4 )3 SO2 4H 2O
0, 4 0, 4 mol
0,8
49,6 gam
Fe2 (SO4 )3 3H 2 O
Fe2 O3 3 H 2SO4
0, 05
0, 05 mol
m Fe3O4 = 49,6 0,872 = -8 gam (-0,05 mol)
nO (X) = 0,8 + 3(-0,05) = 0,65 mol.

13
Vy:
0,65 16 100
= 20,97%. (p n C)
49,9
a)
%mO
b)
m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = [0,4 + (-0,05)]400 = 140 gam. (p n B)

VI DNG BI TP C CC I LNG DNG KHI QUT
Trong cc kim tra v thi tuyn sinh theo phng php trc nghim chng ta thy rng s lng cu hi
v bi tp kh nhiu v a dng bao trm ton b chng trnh ha hc ph thng. Rt nhiu cc phng
php, cc dng bi c bn c bit n. Sau y l mt s v d v dng bi tm mi lin h khi qut
gia cc i lng thng xut hin trong trong cc thi tuyn sinh i hc.
V d 1: (Cu 11 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)
Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng thi khuy u, thu c V lt
kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc
lin h gia V vi a, b l
A. V = 22,4(a b).
B. V = 11,2(a b).
C. V = 11,2(a + b).
D. V = 22,4(a + b).
Hng dn gii
Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 ta c phng trnh:
HCl + Na2CO3 NaHCO3 + NaCl
b b b mol
HCl + NaHCO3 NaCl + CO2 + H2O
(a b) (a b) mol
Dung dch X cha NaHCO3 d do HCl tham gia phn ng ht,
NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 d CaCO3 + NaOH + H2O
Vy:
V = 22,4(a b). (p n A)
(1)
(2)
V d 2: (Cu 21 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)

Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th cn c t l
A. a : b = 1 : 4.
B. a : b < 1 : 4.
C. a : b = 1 : 5.
D. a : b > 1 : 4.
Hng dn gii
Trn a mol AlCl3 vi b mol NaOH thu c kt ta th
Al3 3OH
Al(OH)3
AlO2 2H 2 O
Al(OH)3 OH
Al3 4OH
AlO2 2H 2 O
a
4 mol
kt ta tan hon ton th
n OH
n Al3
b
4.
a

14
Vy c kt ta th
b
< 4 a : b > 1 : 4. (p n D)
a
V d 3: (Cu 53 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH 2007)

thu ly Ag tinh khit t hn hp X (gm a mol Al2O3, b mol CuO, c mol Ag2O), ngi ta ho tan X
bi dung dch cha (6a + 2b + 2c) mol HNO3 c dung dch Y, sau thm (gi thit hiu sut cc phn
ng u l 100%)
A. c mol bt Al vo Y.
B. c mol bt Cu vo Y.
C. 2c mol bt Al vo Y.
D. 2c mol bt Cu vo Y.
Hng dn gii
Ha tan hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3
Al2O3 + 6HNO3 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O
a 6a
2a mol
CuO + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O
b 2b
b mol
Ag2O + 2HNO3 2AgNO3 + H2O
c 2c
2c mol
Dung dch HNO3 va . Dung dch Y gm 2a mol Al(NO3)3, b mol Cu(NO3)2, 2c mol AgNO3. thu
Ag tinh khit cn cho thm kim loi Cu vo phng trnh
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
c mol 2c
Vy cn c mol bt Cu vo dung dch Y. (p n B)
VI S T CHN LNG CHT (HN HP CHT) PHN NG
Trong mt s cu hi v bi tp trc nghim chng ta c th gp mt s trng hp c bit sau:
- C mt s bi ton tng nh thiu d kin gy b tc cho vic tnh ton.
- C mt s bi ton ngi ta cho di dng gi tr tng qut nh a gam, V lt, n mol hoc cho t l th tch
hoc t l s mol cc cht...
Nh vy kt qu gii bi ton khng ph thuc vo cht cho. Trong cc trng hp trn tt nht ta t chn
mt gi tr nh th no cho vic gii bi ton tr thnh n gin nht.
Cch 1: Chn mt mol nguyn t, phn t hoc mt mol hn hp cc cht phn ng.
Cch 2: Chn ng t l lng cht trong u bi cho.
Cch 3: Chn cho thng s mt gi tr ph hp chuyn phn s phc tp v s n gin tnh ton.
Sau y l mt s v d in hnh:
Cch 1: Chn 1 mol cht hoc hn hp cht phn ng.
V d 1: Ho tan mt mui cacbonat kim loi M ha tr n bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 9,8% ta
thu c dung dch mui sunfat 14,18%. M l kim loi g?
A. Cu.
B. Fe.
C. Al.
D. Zn.
Hng dn gii
Chn 1 mol mui M2(CO3)n.
M2(CO3)n
(2M + 60n) gam 98n gam
+
nH2SO4 M2(SO4)n + nCO2 + nH2O
(2M + 96n) gam

15
98n 100
1000n gam
9,8
mdd H2SO4
mdd mui m M2 (CO3 )n mdd H2SO4 mCO2

= 2M + 60n + 1000.n 44.n = (2M + 1016.n) gam.
C%dd mui
2M 96 100 14,18
2M 1016 n
M = 28.n n = 2 ; M = 56 l ph hp vy M l Fe. (p n B)
V d 2: (Cu 1 - M 231 - Khi A - TSC 2007)

Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)2 bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 20% thu c dung dch
mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l
A. Cu.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Mg.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol M(OH)2 tham gia phn ng
M(OH)2 + H2SO4 MSO4 + 2H2O
C (M + 34) gam 98 gam (M + 96) gam
98 100
mdd H2SO4
490 gam
20
M 96 100
m dd MSO4 M 34 490
27,21
M = 64 M l Cu. (p n A)
V d 3: Hn hp X gm N2 v c H2 c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 3,6. Sau khi tin hnh phn ng tng hp
c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 4. Hiu sut phn ng tng hp l
A. 10%.
B. 15%.
C. 20%.
D. 25%.
Hng dn gii
Xt 1 mol hn hp X, ta c:
mx = M X = 7,2 gam.
t n N 2 a mol , ta c:
28a + 2(1 a) = 7,2

a = 0,2
n N 2 0,2 mol v nH 0,8 mol H2 d.
2
xt, t
2NH3
3H2
p
o
N2
Ban u:
0,2
0,8
Phn ng:
x
3x
2x
Sau phn ng:
(0,2 x) (0,8 3x)
2x
nY = (1 2x) mol
Theo dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c mX = mY
m
7,2
n Y Y 1 2x
x = 0,05.
8
MY
Hiu sut phn ng tnh theo N2 l
0,05.100
25% . (p n D)
0,2

16
CU TO NGUYN T
I. THNH PHN CU TO NGUYN T
Nguyn t c cu to gm v v ht nhn. V gm cc ht electron () mang in tch m, ht nhn
gm c proton (p) v ntron (n), proton mang in dng v ntron khng mang in.
Trong nguyn t tng s ht proton trong nhn bng s ht ngoi v nn nguyn t trung ha v
in.
in tch ca cc electron u bng nhau v bng -1,6.10-19 C, me = 9,1095.10-31 kg hay bng 0,00055
(vC).
in tch ca cc proton bng +1,6.10-19 C, mp = mn = 1,67.10-27 kg hay xp x bng 1 vC
II. HT NHN NGUYN T
1. in tch ht nhn (Z+)
in tch ht nhn = S proton = S electron
2. S khi
Tng s ht proton (k hiu l Z) v tng s ht ht ntron (k hiu l N) trong ht nhn gi l s khi ca
ht nhn (k hiu l A). A = Z + N
3. Khi lng nguyn t
Khi lng ca nguyn t bng tng khi lng ca proton, ntron v electron c trong nguyn t.
Nhng v khi lng ca electron rt nh so vi khi lng ca proton v ntron nn khi lng ca
nguyn t coi nh bng khi lng ca cc proton v ntron trong ht nhn nguyn t.
Nh vy, ht nhn tuy rt nh so vi c nguyn t nhng li tp trung hu nh ton b khi lng
ca nguyn t.
III. NGUYN T HA HC
1. nh ngha
Tt c cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn u thuc cng mt ngt ho hc.
2. S hiu nguyn t
in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c gi l s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t . S
hiu nguyn t c trng cho mt nguyn t ho hc v thng c k hiu l Z.
A
Z
X : k hiu ca nguyn t Z : s hiu nguyn t A : s khi A = Z + N

IV. NG V
ng v l nhng nguyn t ca cng mt nguyn t ha hc c s proton u nh nhau nhng s khi c
th khc nhau do s ntron khc nhau.
* Tnh khi lng trung bnh ca ng v
x. A1 y. A2
M
100
x, y l % tng ng ca ng v A1;A2
V. V NGUYN T
1. Lp electron
Cc electron c mc nng lng gn bng nhau thuc cng mt lp.
Cc lp electron t trong ra ngoi c nh s n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ...7 hoc k hiu bng dy ch ci ln: K, L,
M, N ....Q
2. Phn lp electron
Mi lp electron li phn chia thnh phn lp electron. Cc electron trong mi phn lp c mc nng
lng bng nhau.
Cc phn lp c k hiu bng cc ch ci thng s, p, d, f.
S phn lp bng s th t ca lp.
Lp th 1 c 1 phn lp, l phn lp 1s.
Lp th 2 c 2 phn lp, l phn lp 2s v phn lp 2p.
17
Lp th 3 c 3 phn lp, l phn lp 3s, 3p v phn lp 3d, v.v....

Cc electron phn lp s c gi l electron s ; phn lp p, c gi l electron p...
3. Khi nim v obital nguyn t
a. Khi nim
Obital nguyn t l khu vc xung quanh ht nhn m ti xc xut c mt (tm thy electron) khong 90%
b. Mt s hnh dng obitan nguyn t
Obital s c hnh cu, tm l ht nhn nguyn t
Obital p c hnh s tm ni gm px, py, pz nh hng theo cc trc tng ng trong khng gian.
Obital d v f c hnh dng phc tp hn
VII. NNG LNG CA CC ELECTRON V CU HNH ELECTRON
1. Trt t cc mc nng lng obitan nguyn t
Trong nguyn t, cc electron ln lt chim cc mc nng lng t thp n cao.
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d
2. Cc nguyn l v qui tc phn b electron trong nguyn t
a. Khi nim v lng t: mi obitan nguyn t c biu din bng mt vung nh gi l lng t,
mi electron trong lng t c biu din bng mt mi tn.
b. Cc nguyn l v qui tc ca s phn b electron trong obitan
Nguyn l Pau-li: Trn mt obitan ch c ti a 2e, c chuyn ng t quay khc chiu nhau xung
quanh trc ring ca mi electron. Khi obitan ch c mt e c gi l e c thn.
Nguyn l vng bn: trng thi c bn, cc electron ln lt chim nhng obitan c cc mc nng
lng t thp n cao.
Nguyn tc Hund: trong cng mt phn lp, cc electron s phn b trn cc obitan sao cho s
electron c thn l ti a, cc electron ny phi c chiu t quay ging nhau.
3. Cu hnh electron
Cu hnh electron nguyn t biu din s phn b e trn cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc nhau.
Cch vit cu hnh e
Xc nh s e ca nguyn t.
Cc e c phn b theo th t tng dn cc mc nng lng
Vit cu hnh e theo th t cc phn lp trong mt lp, v theo th t cc lp e
4. c im electron lp ngoi cng
- i vi nguyn t ca tt c cc nguyn t, lp ngoi cng c ti a l 8 electron.
- Cc nguyn t c 8 electron lp ngoi cng u rt bn vng, chng khng tham gia vo cc phn ng
ho hc. l cc nguyn t kh him.
- Cc nguyn t c 1, 2, 3 electron lp ngoi cng l nhng nguyn t kim loi.
- Cc nguyn t c 5, 6, 7 electron lp ngoi cng l nhng nguyn t phi kim.
Bit c s phn b electron trong nguyn t, nht l bit c s electron lp ngoi cng, ngi ta
c th d on c nhng tnh cht ho hc tiu biu ca nguyn t .
BI TP
Bi 1. iu khng nh no sau y lun ng:
A. S hiu nguyn t bng s ntron trong ht nhn
B. Trong nguyn t, s proton bng s ntron.
C. S hiu nguyn t bng s n v in tch ht nhn nguyn t.
D. S ntron trong ht nhn bng s electron lp v nguyn t
Bi 2.Nhng iu khng nh d-i y, iu no sai:
A. S hiu nguyn t bng in tch ht nhn.
B. Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 proton.
C. Ch trong nguyn t Neon mi c 10 electron.
D. S hiu nguyn t bng s electron trong nguyn t.
18
Bi 3. Tng s ht trong nguyn t R bng 34. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 10.
S khi ca nguyn t R l:
A. 23
B. 11
C. 12
D. 24
Bi 4. Mnh no sau y khng ng:
A. Tt c cc nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn u thuc cng mt nguyn t ha hc.
B. S in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c gi l s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t .
C. Phn ln cc nguyn t ha hc u c ng v.
D. Tng s ht trong nguyn t bng tng ca s hiu nguyn t v s khi.
Bi 5. Trong t nhin nguyn t X c hai ng v: 69X chim 60.10% cn li l ng v th hai c s ht
khng mang in nhiu hn ng v 69X l 2 ht. Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca nguyn t X (vC) l:
A. 70.20
B. 68.20
C. 71.20
D. 69.80
Bi 6. ng c hai dng ng v
63
Cu l:
A. 73%
B. 27%
Bi 7.Cu hnh electron no ng:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2
63
Cu v 65Cu.
C. 68%
Cu
= 63.54 (vC). Thnh phn phn trm ca ng v

D. 32%
B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s24p1
D. 1s22s22p43s1
Bi 8.Cu hnh electron no sau y ng cho nguyn t Crom (Z = 24)?

5
A. [Ar] 3d 4 4s 2
B. [Ar] 3d 4s1 C. [Ar] 4s 2 3d 4
D. [ Ar] 4s 1 3d 5
Bi 9. Cho ngt X chu k 4, nhm IIB. Vy cu hnh electron ca X l:
A. X: 1s22s22p63s23p63d2
B.X: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2
C. X: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10
D. X: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
Bi 10.S electron c thn trong ion Ni2+(Z=28) trng thi c bn l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 8.
Bi 11. Ion X3- c cu hnh elctron phn lp ngoi cng l 3p6. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X l :
A. 1s22s22p63s23p1 B.1s22s22p63s23p3
C.1s22s22p63s23p5
D. 1s22s22p63s23p6
Bi 12. Nguyn t X, Y, Z c tng s in tch ht nhn l 25 .Hiu in tch ht nhn Y v X l 8 .Tng s
eletron trong ion [X3Y]2- l 42 .Ba nguyn t X, Y, Z theo th t l:
A. O, S, H
B. O, C, Li
C. O, N, H
D. O, C, H
Bi 13.Mt oxit c cng thc X2O trong tng s ht (proton, ntron v electron) ca phn t l 92, trong
s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 28. Oxit cho l cht no trong s cc cht sau:
A. Na2O
B. K2O
C. H2O
D. N2O.
Bi 14. Tng s ht cc loi ca nguyn t R l 48. Tn nguyn t v s electron c thn trong nguyn t
ca nguyn t R l:
A. Lu hunh, 2.
B. Phot pho, 5
C. Lu hunh, 4
D. Silic, 4.
Bi 15. Nguyn t X c Z =15, trng thi c bn s electron c thn l:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 1
D. 2
Bi 16. Tng s ht cc loi trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t bng 21, tn nguyn t v tng s obitan
nguyn t ca nguyn t l:
A. Nit, 3.
B. Cacbon, 5.
C. Nit, 5.
D. Cacbon, 4.
19
Bi 17. Vi hai ng v 12C, 13C v ba ng v 16O, 17O ,18O c th to ra bao nhiu loi phn t CO2 c
ng v khc nhau?
A. 6
B. 12
C. 10
D. 18
Bi 18.Cu hnh electron no vi phm quy tc Hund?
A. 1s22s22p63s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23px1
C. 1s22s22p63s23px2
D. 1s22s22p63s0
Bi 19. Tng s s khi 2 ng v ca X l 80, s notron trong A2 nhiu hn trong A1 l 2 n v, nguyn t
lng trung bnh ca X bng 39.4 (vC ). Nu c 32 nguyn t A1 th c bao nhiu nguyn t A2?
A. 12
B. 10
C. 8
D. 6
Bi 20Mt nguyn t c hai ng v l X v Y. X c tng s ht trong nguyn t l 92. Tng s ht trong
nguyn t Y l 94. Trong X s ht mang in d-ng t hn s ht khng mang in l 5. Trong t nhin hai
ng v X v Y c t l s nguyn t l X/Y = 104/245. Khi l-ng nguyn t trung bnh ca nguyn t trn
l:
A. 63.2
B. 63.5
C. 64.4
D. 64.6
Bi 21. Hai nguyn t A, B c phn lp electron ngoi cng ln lt l 2p v 3s. Tng s electron ca hai
phn lp ny l 5 v hiu s electron ca chng l 1. S th t A, B trong h thng tun hon ln lt l:
A. 5 ; 10
B. 7 ; 12
C. 6 ; 11
D. 5 ; 12
Bi 22. Mt nguyn t gm hai ng v c s nguyn t t l vi nhau l 27:23. Ht nhn ng v mt cha
35 proton v 44 ntron. Ht nhn ng v hai hn 2 ntron. Vy khi lng nguyn t trung bnh v tn
nguyn t l:
A. 80.08 vC, Br
B. 79.92 vC, Br.
C. 78.08 vC, Se.
D. 39.96 vC, Ca
Cu 23. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79,319. Brom c 2 ng v bn
s nguyn t ca
81
35
79
35
Br v
81
35
Br .Thnh phn %
Br l:
A. 84,05
B. 81,02
+
C. 18,98
D. 15,95
2
Cu 24. Dy gm cc ion X , Y v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s 2s 2p l:

+
+
+
+
A.Na , Cl , Ar.
B.Li , F , Ne.
C.Na , F , Ne.
D.K , Cl , Ar.
Cu 25. Hp cht Y c cng thc M4X3. Bit:
Tng s ht trong phn t Y l 214 ht.
Ion M3+ c s electron bng s electron ca ion X4
Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t nguyn t M nhiu hn tng s ht ca nguyn t
nguyn t X trong Y l 106. Y l cht no di y?
A. Al4Si3
B. Fe4Si3
C. Al4C3
D. Fe4C3
Cu 26: Khi lng ca nguyn t C c 6 proton, 8 ntron v 6 electron l
A. 12 u
B. 12 gam
C. 14 u
D. 13 gam
Cu 27: Trong t nhin Cu c hai ng v:
Thnh phn % v khi lng ca
A. 73,00 %
63
29
63
29
Cu ;
65
29
Cu . Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54.
Cu trong CuCl2 l gi tr no di y? Bit MCl=35,5.
B. 27,00%
C. 32,33%
D. 34,18 %

20
Cu 28: Hp cht M2X c tng s cc ht trong phn t l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 36. Khi lng nguyn t X ln hn M l 9. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong X 2 nhiu hn
trong M+ l 17 ht. S khi ca M v X ln lt l gi tr no di y?
A. 21 v 31
B. 23 v 32
C. 23 v 34
D. 40 v 33
Cu 29: Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong phn t MX3 l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s ht (p, n, e)
trong X nhiu hn trong M3+ l 16. M v X ln lt l
A. Al v Br.
B. Cr v Cl.
C. Al v Cl.
D. Cr v Br.
BNG HTTH-NH LUT TUN HON

I.
NGUYN TC SP XP
- Cc nguyn t c xp theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn.
- Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt hng.
- Cc nguyn t c s electron ngoi cng bng nhau c xp thnh mt ct
II. BNG TUN HON
1. S th t
Trong bng tun hon, s th t ca mi nguyn t bng s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t . .
2. Chu k
Chu k gm nhng nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s lp electron c xp theo chiu tng dn
in tch ht nhn.
3. Nhm
Nhm nguyn t l tp hp cc nguyn t m nguyn t c cu hnh electron tng t nhau, do tnh cht
ha hc gn ging nhau c xp thnh mt ct.
Mi nhm li chia thnh phn nhm:
Khi cc nguyn t nhm s,p l cc nguyn t nhm A (phn nhm chnh)
Khi cc nguyn t nhm d, f l cc nguyn t nhm B (phn nhm ph)
4. Cch xc nh v tr ca mt nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon
: s th t ca bng s hiu nguyn t, bng s n v in tch ht nhn
Chu k: s th t ca chu k bng s lp e
Nhm
+ Cc nguyn t c e cui cng in ln phn lp s hoc p l cc nguyn t nhm A, s th t ca nhm
bng s e lp ngoi cng.
+ Cc nguyn t c e cui cng in ln phn lp d hoc f l cc nguyn t nhm B, s th t ca nhm
bng s e ha tr.
5. nh lut tun hon Men--l-p.
Tnh cht ca cc n cht cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht to nn t cc nguyn t
bin i tun hon theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn.
a. Bn knh nguyn t
Trong mt chu k, i t tri qua phi, s lp electron ca nguyn t cc nguyn t bng nhau. Khi in
tch ht nhn tng dn, sc ht ca ht nhn vi cc electron lp ngoi cng tng ln lm cho bn knh
nguyn t gim dn.
Trong mi phn nhm chnh, bn knh nguyn t tng theo chiu t trn xung di
b. Nng lng ion ha
Nng lng ion ha th nht (I1) ca nguyn t l nng lng ti thiu cn tch electron th nht ra khi
nguyn t trng thi c bn.
Trong mi chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, nng lng ion ha tng
21
Trong cng mt nhm A, i t trn xung di, nng lng ion ha gim.
c. m in
m in ca mt nguyn t c trng cho kh nng ht cp electron dng chung v pha n. m in
cng ln th tnh phi kim cng mnh, v ngc li.
Trong mt chu k, khi i t tri sang phi, m in ca cc nguyn t tng dn.
Trong mt phn nhm chnh, theo chiu t trn xung di, m in ca cc nguyn t gim dn.
d. Tnh kim loi v tnh phi kim
Tnh kim loi l tnh cht ca mt nguyn t m nguyn t ca n d nhng electron tr thnh ion dng.
Tnh phi kim l tnh cht ca mt nguyn t m nguyn t ca n d nhn electron tr thnh ion m.
Trong mi chu k, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t yu dn,
ng thi tnh phi kim tng dn.
Trong mt phn nhm chnh, i t trn xung di, tnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t mnh dn, ng
thi tnh phi kim yu dn.
e. S bin i v ha tr cc nguyn t
Trong mt chu k, i t tri sang phi, ho tr cao nht vi oxi tng ln lt t 1 n 7 cn ha tr vi
hiro ca cc phi kim gim t 4 n 1.
f. S bin i tnh axit-baz ca cc oxit v hidroxit tng ng
Trong mt chu k, i t tri sang phi theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh baz ca cc oxit v
hiroxit tng ng yu dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng mnh dn.
Trong mt phn nhm chnh, khi i t trn xung di theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, tnh baz ca
cc oxit v hiroxt tng ng mnh dn, ng thi tnh axit ca chng yu dn (tr nhm VIII).
BNG HA TR VI OXI V HIDROXIT
Oxit cao
nht
H/c vi
H
Cng
thc
hidroxit
IA
R2 O
IIA
RO
IIIA
R2O3
IVA
RO2
VA
R2O5
VIA
RO3
VIIA
R2O7
RH(r)
RH2(r)
RH3(r)
RH4(k)
RH3(k)
RH2(k)
RH(k)
ROH
R(OH)2
R(OH)3
R(OH)4
R(OH)5
R(OH)6
R(OH)7
HRO2.H2O H2RO3.H2O H3RO4.H2O H2RO4.2H2O HRO4.3H2O
HRO3.2H2O
Tnh Baz ca oxit v hydroxit gim, tnh axit tng
BI TP
Cu 1.Nguyn t R nm phn nhm chnh, thuc chu k 3 v to ra hp cht kh vi hiro ng vi cng
thc HR. iu khng nh no sau y l ng?
A. Nguyn t R thuc phn nhm ph nhm VII, cu hnh e l 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2.
B. Nguyn t R thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII, cu hnh e l 1s22s22p63s23p5.
C. Nguyn t R thuc phn nhm ph nhm VII, cu hnh e l 1s22s22p63s23p5.
D. Nguyn t R thuc phn nhm chnh nhm I, cu hnh e l 1s22s22p63s1.
Cu 2.Nguyn t R nm phn nhm chnh, thuc chu k 3 v to ra hp cht kh vi hiro ng vi cng
thc H3R. iu khng nh no sau y l ng?
A. Nguyn t R thuc phn nhm ph nhm V, cu hnh e: 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2.
B. Nguyn t R thuc phn nhm chnh nhm V, cu hnh e l 1s22s22p3.
C. Nguyn t R thuc phn nhm chnh nhm V, cu hnh e l 1s22s22p63s23p3.
D. Nguyn t R thuc phn nhm chnh nhm III, cu hnh e l 1s22s22p63s23p1.
Cu 3. Nguyn t Y c cu hnh nng lng nh sau:1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p3. V tr Y trong h thng
tun hon l:
A. Nhm IIIA, chu k 4.
B. Nhm IVA, chu k 3.
C. Nhm VA, chu k 4.
D. Nhm IIIB, chu k 4.
22
Cu 4. Tng s ht trong nguyn t nguyn t R l 58. Trong s ht khng mang in nhiu hn s ht

mang in d-ng l 1. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t nguyn t R l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
B. 1s22s22p63s23p6
2
2
6
2
5
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
D. 1s22s22p63s23p4
Cu 5. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c lp ngoi cng l lp M v cha 2 e. Cu hnh e v tnh cht ca R l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 . R l phi kim.
B. 1s22s22p43s2 . R l kim loi.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 . R l kim loi.
D. 1s22s22p63s2 . R l kim loi.
Cu 6.Cho cc nguyn t vi cu hnh e t-ng ng:
X: 1s22s22p63s1
Z: 1s22s22p63s23p5
2
2
6
2
3
Y: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
T: 1s22s22p63s23p1
Nguyn t no c cng thc oxit cao nhtdng R2O5?
A. Y
B. Z
C. T
D. Y v Z.
Cu 7. Cho cc nguyn t: 14E; 7G; 15H; 9I. Sp xp theo chiu tng tnh phi kim:
A. G, I, E, H
B. E, H, I, G
C. I, G, E,H
D. E, H,G, I.
Cu 8.Sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh baz:
A. Al(OH)3, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 ,CsOH
B. Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3, CsOH, Sr(OH)2
C. Ca(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Sr(OH)2,CsOH
D. Al(OH)3, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, CsOH.
Cu 9. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c electron mc nng lng cao nht thuc phn lp 3p 3. Cng thc
hp cht kh vi hyro v cng thc oxit cao nht ca R c dng:
A. RH2, RO3
B. RH4, RO2
C. RH3, R2O5
D. RH5, R2O3
Cu 10. Hp cht kh vi Hyro c dng RH2. Trong oxit cao nht cha 60% Oxy theo khi lng. Tn
nguyn t R l:
A. Lu hunh
B. Clo
C. Selen
D. Phot pho
Cu 11. Nguyn t X c phn lp ngoi cng l 3p5. Ch ra iu sai khi ni v ngt X:
A. Lp ngoi cng nguyn t X c 7 electron.
B. Trong bng HTTH. X c s th t 17 v thuc chu k 3.
C. X l mt nguyn t phi kim.
D. Trng thi n cht X tn ti dng nguyn t.
Cu 12 : Cation R3+ c tng s ht trong phn t l 37. Tm v tr ca R trong bng tun hon ?
A.Chu k 3, nhm IIIB
B.Chu k 3, nhm IIA
C.Chu k 2, nhm IIA
D.Chu k 3, nhm IIIA
Cu 13: Pht biu no sau y l sai: Trong mt chu k.khi i t tri sang phi.c cc qui lut bin thin tun
hon:
A. Ha tr cao nht i vi Oxi tng dn t 1 - 7
B. Ha tr cao nht i vi hidro gim dn t 7- 1
C. Tnh kim loi gim, tnh phi kim tng
D. Oxit v hidroxit c tnh baz gim, tnh aixit tng
Cu 14: Cho cc ion
X+: 3s23p6;
Y2-: 3s23p6 ;
Z3+: 2s22p6
T-1: 3s23p6
Tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn l:
A. X < Z < Y < T
B. T < Y < Z < X
23
C. Z < X < T < Y
D. Y < T < X < Z
Cu 15: Sp xp cc hp cht sau theo chiu tng dn tnh Baz:

1. Be(OH)2 2. Mg(OH)2 3. Ca(OH)2 4. Sr(OH)2 5.Ba(OH)2
A. 2 < 4 < 3 < 1 < 5
C. 1 < 2 <3 < 4 < 5
B. 1< 3 < 2 < 4 < 5
D. 5 < 3 < 2 < 1 < 3.
Cu 16. Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t c dng R2O5. Hp cht kh vi H ca nguyn t ny cha 8.82%
H v klng. Tn nguyn t R v %R trong Oxit cao nht :
A. Phot pho, 43.66%
B. Phot pho, 40%
C. Nit, 25.93%
D. Photpho, 45%
Cu 17. Nguyn t R c tng s ht l 42, trong ht nhn s ht mang in bng s ht khng mang in. V
tr R trong h thng tun hon:
A. STT 14, CK 3, Nhm IVA.
B. STT 14, CK 4, Nhm IVA.
C. STT 21, CK 4, Nhm VA.
D. STT 15, CK 4, Nhm IVA.
Cu 18. Xp theo th t tng dn tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t c k hiu nguyn t:
15A
7B
13C
9D
20E
17G
A. D, G, B, A, C, E.
B. E, C, A, B, G, D.
C. E, C, A, B, D, G.
D. C, E, A, B, G, D.
Cu 19. Pht biu no sai trong s cc pht biu sau v quy lut bin thin tun hon trong mt chu k khi i
t tri sang phi:
A. Ha tr trong oxit cao nht i vi oxi tng dn t 1 n 7.
B. m in gim dn.
C. Tnh kim loi gim dn v tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. Oxit v hyroxit c tnh baz gim dn v tnh axit tng dn.
Cu 20. Mnh no sau y sai:
A. m in ca mt nguyn t c trng cho kh nng ht electron ca nguyn t ng vi nguyn
t .
B. m in v tnh kim loi ca mt nguyn t bin thin ngc chiu nhau.
C. Flo l nguyn t c m in nh nht.
D. C th da vo m in ca hai nguyn t A, B xc nh loi lin kt gia hai nguyn t ca
hai nguyn t .
-
2+
Cu 21: Anion X v cation Y u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s 3p . V tr ca cc

nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l:
A.X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu
k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
B.X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t 20, chu k
4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
C.X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu
D.X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu
Cu 22: Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s electron
ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt mc oxi ha duy
nht. Cng thc XY l
A.AlN.
B.MgO.
C.LiF.
D.NaF.
Cu 23: Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII), theo
chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th
24
A.tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.

B.tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D.tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.
Cu 24: Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t:3Li,8O,9F,11Na c xp theo th t tng dn t tri
sang phi l
A.F, O, Li, Na.
B.F, Na, O, Li.
C.F, Li, O, Na.
D.Li, Na, O, F.
Cu 25: Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH3. Trong oxit m R
c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l
A.S.
B.As.
C.N.
D.P.
2
Cu 26: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns np . Trong hp cht

kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X
trong oxit cao nht l
A.50,00%.
B.27,27%.
C.60,00%.
D.40,00%.
2+
Cu 27: Cu hnh electron ca ion X l 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d . Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t

ho hc, nguyn t X thuc
A.chu k 4, nhm VIIIA.
C.chu k 3, nhm VIB.
B.chu k 4, nhm IIA.
D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
Cu 28: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t
c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A.N, Si, Mg, K.
B.K, Mg, Si, N.
C.K, Mg, N, Si.
D.Mg, K, Si, N.
2+
3+
Cu 42: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu v Cr ln lt l

9
1 2
7 2
3
A.[Ar]3d v [Ar]3d 4s .
B.[Ar]3d 4s v [Ar]3d .
9
3
7 2
1 2
C.[Ar]3d v [Ar]3d .
D.[Ar]3d 4s v [Ar]3d 4s
25
LIN KT HA HC
Cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau t ti cu trc electron ca kh him bn hn cu trc electron ca tng
nguyn t ng ring l.
I.
LIN KT CNG HA TR
Lin kt cng ho tr l lin kt gia cc nguyn t bng nhng cp electron chung.
V d : Phn t Cl2:
Mi nguyn t clo c 7 electron ngoi cng. Khi hai nguyn t clo li gn nhau, mi nguyn t gp 1
electron to thnh cp electron chung.
Nh vy lp ngoi cng ca mi nguyn t clo u c 8 electron ging cu trc ca v kh him neon bn
vng.
n gin, xung quanh k hiu ca nguyn t clo, ngi ta khng ghi cc electron khng lin kt m ch
ghi cp electron lin kt gia cc nguyn t. Cng thc electron v cng thc cu to ca phn t clo :
Cl : Cl ; Cl Cl
1. Lin kt cng ho tr khng c cc
iu kin: 0 hiu m in gia hai nguyn t < 0,4
Trong phn t cc n cht nh H2, Cl2, O2, N2 .v.v. cp electron chung khng b lch v pha no. Lin kt
cng ho tr trong cc phn t trn l lin kt cng ho tr khng c cc (hay khng phn cc).
2. Lin kt cng ha tr c cc
Lin kt cng ho tr trong cp electron chung b lch v pha mt nguyn t c gi l lin kt cng
ho tr c cc hay lin kt cng ho tr phn cc
iu kin: 0,4
< 1,7
: Hiu m in.
3. Lin kt cho-nhn
L lin kt hnh thnh gia hai nguyn t khi cp electron dng chung ch do mt nguyn t ng gp
II.
LIN KT ION
1. S to thnh ion
Trong cc phn ng ho hc, cc nguyn t kim loi c khuynh hng nhng electron, cc nguyn
t phi kim c khuynh hng thu thm electron ca cc nguyn t khc lp v ngoi cng tr nn
bn vng ging cu hnh electron ca kh him.
Khi nhng hoc thu thm electron, nguyn t tr thnh phn t mang in gi l ion.
K K+ + e
F + 1e F
Mg Mg2+ + 2e
S + 2e S2
Al Al3+ + 3e
O + 2e O2
2. S to thnh lin kt ion
Lin kt ion c hnh thnh do lc ht tnh in gia cc ion mang in tch ngc du.
iu kin:
hiu m in gia hai nguyn t 1.7
3. Ha tr ca cc nguyn t
Electron ho tr l nhng electron lp bn ngoi c kh nng tham gia vo vic to thnh lin kt
ho hc.
Ho tr ca mt nguyn t trong hp cht ion (gi l in ho tr) bng s in tch ca ion :
Cc ion kim loi c ho tr dng, cc ion phi kim c ho tr m.
26
V d : trong hp cht NaCl ho tr ca natri bng 1+, ca clo bng 1 trong CaO, ho tr ca canxi bng 2+,
ca oxi bng 2 v.v...
Ho tr ca mt nguyn t trong hp cht cng ho tr bng s lin kt m nguyn t ca nguyn t
c th to thnh vi cc nguyn t ca nguyn t khc. Thng thng, mt lin kt cng ho tr
c to nn bi mt cp electron chung.
Trong phn t CO2: O :: C :: O ho tr ca oxi l 2, ho tr ca cacbon l 4.
BI TP
Cu 1.Nhm hp cht no ch cha lin kt cng ho tr:
A. NH4NO3, CO2, C2H4, N2
B. CaCO3, H2O, N2O5, NH3
C. NH3, C2H6, CO2, SiH4
D. O2, PH3, H2O, Mg(OH)2
Cu 4. Cho cc cht : Li3N (1), CO2 (2), PH3 (3), CaF2 (4), H2SiO3 (5), Na2O (6)
A. 1, 3, 4 l hp cht to bi lin kt ion.
B. 2, 3, 4, 5 l hp cht to bi lin kt cng ha tr.
C. 1, 4, 5, 6 l hp cht to bi lin kt ion.
D. 2, 3, 5 l hp cht to bi lin kt cng ha tr.
Cu 5. Cc phn t : N2 , AgCl, HBr, NH3, H3PO4, Al2O3, NH4NO3. Phn t c lin kt cho nhn l
A. Al2O3, NH4NO3, HBr
C. H3PO4, NH4NO3
B. AgCl, HBr, NH3, H3PO4
D. Tt c cc phn t trn tr N2
Cu 6. Cp cht no sau y trong mi cht u cha c 3 loi lin kt (ion, cng ha tr, phi tr)
A. NaCl v H2O
B. NH4Cl v Al2O3
C. Na2SO4 v Ba(OH)2
D. K2SO4 v NaNO3
Cu 7. X l nguyn t m nguyn t c cha 20 electron, cn Y l nguyn t m nguyn t c cha 9
proton. Cng thc ca hp cht v loi lin kt to thnh gia cc nguyn t ca hai nguyn t ny l:
A. X2Y v lin kt cng ha tr.
C. XY3 v lin kt ion.
B. XY2 v lin kt ion.
D. XY2 v lin kt cng ha tr.
Cu 10.Sp xp theo chiu tng dn phn cc lin kt gia 2 nguyn t trong phn t:
A. CCl4, AlCl3, MgCl2, KCl
B. KCl, MgCl2, AlCl3, CCl4
C. AlCl3, CCl4, MgCl2, KCl
D.Tt c u sai.
Cu 11. Nguyn t A c s th t 17 trong HTTH, nguyn t B c s th t 19. Lin kt gia A v B thuc
loi lin kt g?
A.Cng ho tr
B. Cho nhn
C.Ion
D.Khng xc nh.
Cu 12.Sp xp theo chiu tng dn phn cc lin kt:
A. H2S, PH3, H2O, HF B. PH3, H2O, H2S, HF
C. PH3, H2S, H2O, HF D. PH3, H2S, HF, H2O
Cu 13.Cho cc cht: NH3(1), Ca(OH)2(2), H2(3), N2O5(4), H2O2(5), NaCl(6). NH4Cl(7).Cht c lin kt ion
A.(2), (6)
B. (1), (3), (6)
C.(2), (5), (6)
D. (2), (6), (7)
Cu 14. Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s electron
ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt mc oxi ha duy
nht. Cng thc XY l
A.AlN.
B.MgO.
C.LiF.
D.NaF.
Cu 15. Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l
A.NH4Cl.
B.NH3.
C.HCl.
D.H2O

27
Ti liu luyn thi H - Ha v c
Trung tm luyn thi H Hng Phc
Cu 16. Hai nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ho tr khi

A. 2 ion c in tch tri du tin li gn nhau.
B. 2 ion c in tch tri du ht nhau bng lc ht tnh in.
C. 2 nguyn t c m in khc nhau nhiu tin li gn nhau.
D. mi nguyn t gp chung electron to ra cp electron chung.
Cu 17. Tnh cht no di y l tnh cht ca hp cht ion?
A. Hp cht ion c nhit nng chy thp.
C. Hp cht ion c d ho lng.
B. Hp cht ion c nhit nng chy cao.

D. Hp cht ion c c nhit si khng xc nh.
Cu 18. Nng lng ion ho ca mt nguyn t l

A. nng lng gii phng bi nguyn t khi to lin kt ion.
B. nng lng gii phng khi nguyn t nhn thm electron.
C. nng lng cn tch electron t nguyn t ca nguyn t.
D. nng lng cn cung cp nguyn t nhn thm electron.
Cu 19. m in l i lng c trng cho
A. kh nng tham gia phn ng mnh hay yu.
B. kh nng nhng proton cho nguyn t khc.
C. kh nng nhng electron cho nguyn t khc.
D. kh nng ht electron ca nguyn t trong phn t.
Cu 20. Cp nguyn t no di y to hp cht cng ho tr?
A. H v He.
B. Na v F.
C. H v Cl.
D. Li v F.
Cu 21. Lin kt trong phn t no c hnh thnh nh s xen ph p p?

A. H2
B. Cl2
C. NH3
D. HCl
Cu 22. Phn t no di y c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc?
A. HCl
B. Cl2
C. KCl
D. H2
Cu 23. Phn t no di y c lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc?

A. K2O
B. NaF
C. HF D. N2
Cu 24. Trong cc phn t N2, NaCl, HNO3, H2O2, phn t c lin kt cho nhn l
A. H2O2.
B. NaCl.
C. HNO3.
D. N2 v H2O2.
Cu 25. Cho 2 nguyn t: X (Z = 20), Y (Z = 17). Cng thc hp cht to thnh t X, Y v lin kt trong phn t ln lt l
A. XY: lin kt cng ho tr.
B. X2Y3: lin kt cng ho tr.
C. X2Y: lin kt ion.
D. XY2: lin kt ion
Cu 26. Trong cc pht biu sau, pht biu no khng ng ?
Gio vin:Ths - KIM HU
28
A. Phn t NH3 c ba lin kt cng ho tr c cc.

B. Phn t NH3 c ba lin kt cng ho tr khng cc.
C. Trong phn t NH3, nguyn t N cn mt cp electron t do.
D. Trong phn t NH3, nguyn t N c mt cp electron lp ngoi cng cha tham gia lin kt.
Cu 27. Lin kt l lin kt
A. hnh thnh do s xen ph bn ca 2 obitan.
B. hnh thnh do mt hay nhiu cp electron dng chung.
C. hnh thnh do lc ht tnh in gia 2 ion mang in cng du.
D. hnh thnh do s xen ph trc ca 2 obitan.
Cu 28. Chn cu tr li ng trong cc cu di y:
A. S lai ha cc AO l s t hp cc AO ha tr cc lp khc nhau to thnh cc AO lai ha ging nhau.
B. S lai ha cc AO l s t hp cc AO cc lp khc nhau to thnh cc AO lai ha khc nhau.
C. S lai ha cc AO l s t hp cc AO cc phn lp khc nhau, c mc nng lng gn nhau to thnh cc
AO lai ha ging nhau
D. S lai ha cc AO l s t hp cc AO cc phn lp khc nhau to thnh cc AO lai ha khc nhau.
Cu 29. Lai ho sp3 l s t hp
A. 1 AOs vi 3 AOp.
B. 2 AOs vi 2 AOp.
Cu 30. Nguyn t C trong phn t CH4 lai ho kiu
A. sp.
B. sp2.
C. 1 AOs vi 4 AOp.
C. sp3.
D. 3 AOs vi 1 Aop
D. sp3d.
Cu 31. Theo quy tc bt t th cng thc cu to ca phn t SO2 l

A.O = S O
B. O = S = O
C. O S O
D. O S O
Cu 32. Theo quy tc bt t, nguyn t S trong phn t SO3 c cng ha tr l

A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 33. Cng ha tr ca nit trong hp cht no di y l ln nht ?
A. N2
B. NH3
C. NO
D. HNO3
Cu 34. Lin kt ho hc trong phn t HCl c hnh thnh do

A. lc ht tnh in gia ion H+ v ion Cl.
B. s xen ph gia obitan 1s ca nguyn t H v cc obitan 3p ca nguyn t Cl.
C. s xen ph gia obitan 1s ca nguyn t H vi obitan 3s ca nguyn t Cl.
D. s xen ph gia obitan 1s ca nguyn t H vi obitan 3p c electron c thn ca nguyn t Cl.
Cu 35. Dy ch cha cc hp cht c lin kt cng ho tr l
A. BaCl2, NaCl, NO2.
B. SO2, CO2, Na2O2.
C. SO3, H2S, H2O.
D. CaCl2, F2O, HCl
Cu 36. Hp cht no di y c c lin kt cng ho tr v lin kt ion trong phn t?
A. H2S
B. Al2O3
C. H2O
D.Mg(OH)2
29
PHN NG OXI HA KH
I. CCH XC NH S OXI HA CC NGUYN T TRONG HP CHT.
1. Cc nh ngha c bn
S oxi ha ca mt nguyn t trong phn t l in tch ca nguyn t nguyn t , nu gi nh rng lin kt
gia cc nguyn t trong phn t l lin kt ion.
2. Cc nguyn tc xc nh s oxi ha ca cc nguyn t
a. S oxi ho ca nguyn t cc n cht bng 0
V d : S oxi ho ca Fe, Cu, Cl, S, O2.. bng 0
b. S oxi ha ca kim loi trong hp cht th bng ha tr ca kim loi v lun lun dng.
c. Trong cc hp cht, s oxi ho ca hiro bng +1, ca oxi bng -2.(ngoi l: ?)
d. Trong mt phn t, tng s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t bng khng.
e. Tng s oxi ha ca ion bng in tch ca ion .
II. PHN NG OXI HA KH
1. nh ngha
S oxi ho l s mt electron
S kh l s thu electron
Cht nhng electron l cht kh
Cht thu electron l cht oxi ho.
Phn ng oxi ho - kh l phn ng trong nguyn t hoc ion ny nhng electron cho nguyn t hoc
ion khc.
Mt cht ch c th nhng electron khi c mt mt cht khc thu electron. V vy trong phn ng oxi ho - kh,
qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh bao gi cng din ra ng thi.
III. CC BC CN BNG PHN NG OXI HA KH
1. Xc nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn t trong phn ng tm cht oxi ho v cht kh.
2. Vit cc qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh, cn bng mi qu trnh.
3. Tm h s ng thi cho cht oxi ho v cht kh theo quy tc s electron do cht kh nhng ra bng s
electron cht oxi ho thu vo.
4. t cc h s ca cht oxi ho v cht kh vo phng trnh phn ng v kim tra li theo trinh t : kim loi, phi
kim l, hidro cui cng l oxi.
BI TP
Cu 1. Cn bng cc phn ng sau bng phng php thng bng electron. Xc nh cht oxy ha. cht kh. qu
trnh oxy ha. qu trnh kh.
1. HCl + KMnO4
KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
2. Mg + HNO3
Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + H2O
3. Cl2 + KOH
KClO3 + KCl + H2O
4. NO2 + NaOH
NaNO2 + NaNO3 + H2O
5. KI + MnO2 + H2SO4
I2 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O
6. FeS2 + O2
Fe2O3 + SO2
7. As2S3 + HNO3 + H2O
H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + NO
8. K2Cr2O7 + KNO2 + HCl
KNO3 + KCl + CrCl3 + H2O
9. MnSO4 + NaBiO3 + HNO3
HMnO4 + Bi(NO3)3 + Na2SO4 + NaNO3 + H2O
10. FexOy + HNO3
Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
11. Mg + HNO3
Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + N2 + H2O (N2O:N2=3:4)
12. SO2 + KMnO4 + H2O
K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2SO4
13. Al + HNO3
Al(NO3)3 + NH4NO3 + H2O
30
Cu 2. Hy chn cu ng.
Cu2S + H+ + NO3- Cu2+ + NO2 + SO42- + H2O
H s ca cc cht trong phng trnh trn sau khi cn bng l lt l
A.2, 12, 10, 2, 10, 1, 6.
B. 1, 12, 10, 2, 10, 1, 6.
C.1, 12, 10, 1, 10, 1, 6.
D.1, 16, 10, 2, 10, 1, 8.
Cu 3. iu no sau y ng.
A. Qu trnh oxi ho l qu trnh nhn electron.
B. S kh l s nhng electron.
C. Cht b kh l cht cha nguyn t c s oxi ha gim.
D. Cht oxi ha l cht cha nguyn t nhng electron.
Cu 4. Cho phn ng:FeS + NaNO3 + H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + Na2SO4 + SO2 + NO2 + H2O
T l mol gia cht oxi ha v cht kh trong phng trnh l:
A. 7:1
B. 1:7
C. 1:5
D. 5:1
Cu 5. Phn ng no sau y l phn ng oxi ha kh:
A.
H2SO4 + 2KOH
K2SO4 + 2H2O.
B.
CaO
+ CO2
CaCO3.
C.
2KMnO4
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.
D.
3AgNO3 + AlCl3
3AgCl + Al(NO3)3.
Cu 6. Trong cc phn ng sau phn ng no khng l phn ng oxy ha kh:
A.
H2SO4 + Fe
FeSO4 + H2
B. 6H2SO4 + 2Fe
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
C. 4H2SO4 + Fe3O4
FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O
D. 4H2SO4 + 2FeO
Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
Cu 7. Trong cc hp cht sau, hp cht no nguyn t S khng th hin tnh oxy ha?
A. Na2S
B. Na2SO3
C. SO2
D. H2SO4
Cu 8. Trong phn ng sau vai tr ca HCl l :
2KMnO4 + 16HCl
2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
A. Cht oxy ha
B. Cht oxy ha v cht kh
C. Cht oxy ha v mi trng
D. Cht kh v mi trng
Cu 9. Phn ng no sau y c cht oxi ha ng thi l mi trng:
A. KMnO4 + HCl
MnCl2 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O
B. Al + HNO3
Al(NO3)3 + NH4NO3 + H2O
C. S +
H2SO4
SO2 +H2O
D. KClO4 + SO2 +H2O
H2SO4 +KCl
Cu 10. iu no sau y sai
A. S oxi ha dng ln nht ca mt phi kim bng s th t nhm trong HTTH
B. S oxi ha m nh nht ca mt phi kim bng s th t nhm trong HTTH tr 8.
C. Trong phn ng ha hc, axit c th ng vai tr cht oxi ha, cht kh hoc ch l
D. Mt cht oxi ha gp mt cht kh nht nh phi xy ra phn ng oxi ha kh.
Cu 11. Cp cht no sau y va l cht oxi ha va l cht kh:
A. FeCl3, Na2S
B. NO2 , Cl2
C. HNO3 , NH3
Cu 12. Phn ng: FeS + HNO3
c h s cn bng ln lt l?
mi trng.
D. FeSO4 , CO2
Fe(NO3)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 + N2O + H2O

31

A, 24 , 78 , 8 , 8 , 27 , 39
C, 24 , 56 , 8 , 8 , 27 , 28

B, 8 , 78 , 8 , 8 , 27 , 39
D, 22 , 76 , 8 , 8 , 27 , 38
Cu 13. C bao nhiu phn t HNO3 ng vai tr cht oxi ha trong phn ng sau:
Zn + HNO3
Zn(NO3)2 + N2O + H2O
A. 30
B. 2
C. 10
D. 8
Cu 14. Ch ra mnh ng
A. Trong mt phn ng oxi ha kh, khng th tn ti mt cht va ng vai tr cht kh, va ng vai tr
cht oxi ha
B. C nhng phn ng ha hc ch din ra s kh.
C. C nhng phn ng ha hc ch din ra s oxi ha.
D. S kh v s oxi ha l hai qa trnh ngc nhau nhng cng tn ti ng thi trong cng mt phn ng
oxi ha kh.
Cu 15. Phn ng no sau y l phn ng t oxi ha kh:
A. 2KNO3
2KNO2 + O2
B. 2KMnO4
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.
C. S + H2SO4
D. Cl2 + KOH
SO2 +H2O
KClO3 + KCl + H2O
Cu 16. Phn ng no sau y l phn ng oxi ha kh ni phn t:

A. H2SO4 + 3H2S
4S + 4H2O
B. 2NO2 + 2KOH
KNO3 + KNO2 + H2O
C. 2KMnO4
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.
D. 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O
4HNO3
Cu 17. Tm h s cn bng ca HNO3 trong phn ng sau:
Fe3O4 + HNO3
Fe(NO3)3
+
NO +
A. 28
B. 22
C. 18
H2 O
Cu 18. Tm h s cn bng ca H2SO4 trong phn ng sau:

MxOy +
H2SO4
M2(SO4)3
+ SO2 +
A. (2y + 3x)
B. (6x- 2y)
C. (3x 2y)
H2O
Cu 19. Tm h s cn bng ca HNO3 trong phn ng sau:

Al + HNO3
Al(NO3)3 + N2
Bit t l s mol N2 : N2O = 2 : 3
A. 82
B. 162
C. 76
N2O
D. 26.
D. (2y- 6x)
H2O
D. 27
Cu 20. Khi ho tan 1.86 gam hp kim gm Mg, Al trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 560 ml (ktc) kh
N2O. Khi lng Mg trong mu hp kim l
A. 0.24 gam.
B. 0.48 gam.
C. 0.6 gam.
D. 0.12 gam.
Cu 21. Th tch SO2(kc) thu c khi ha tan ht 11.2g Fe theo phn ng l
Fe
A. 6.72 lt
H2SO4
B. 4.48 lt
Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2
C. 8.96 lt
+ .....
D. 2 lt
Cu 22. Hp cht no ca st gi vai tr cht oxi ho trong cc phn ng di y:

A. FeS2 + O2
Fe2O3 + SO2
B. FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O
32

C. Fe3O4 + Al
D. Fe2O3 + HCl
Fe + Al2O3
FeCl3 + H2O
Cu 23. Th tch (lt) dung dch HNO3 1M cn dng ha tan ht 19.2g Cu theo phn ng l :
Cu
+
HNO3
Cu(NO3)2
+
NO
+ .....
A. 0.8
B. 0.4
C. 0.6
D. 0.3
Cu 24. Cho phng trnh ho hc: Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O
Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin thh s ca HNO3
l
A.13x - 9y.
B.46x - 18y.
C.45x - 18y.
D.23x - 9y.
Cu 25. Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3,
FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho - kh l
A.8.
B.5.
C.7.
D.6.
Cu 26. Cho cc phn ng sau:

a) FeO + HNO3 (c, nng)
b) FeS + H2SO4 (c, nng)
c) Al2O3 + HNO3 (c, nng)
d) Cu + dung dch FeCl3
,
e) CH3CHO + H2
f) glucoz + AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3
g) C2H4 + Br2
h) glixerol (glixerin) + Cu(OH)2
Dy gm cc phn ng u thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh l:
A.a, b, d, e, f, h.
B.a, b, d, e, f, g.
C.a, b, c, d, e, h.
D.a, b, c, d, e, g.
GII BI TON OXI HA KH
BNG PP BO TON ELECTRON
NI DUNG PHNG PHP:
Nguyn tc:
cho =
nhn
p dng:* Phn ng xy ra l phn ng oxi ha kh,

*Phn ng xy ra phc tp: mt cht kh vi nhiu cht oxi ha v ngc li, nhiu giai
on, nhiu qu trnh.
Cu 1. Ha tan 11.2g Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va
vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0.5 M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 20 ml
B. 80ml
C. 40ml
D. 60ml
Bi gii:
S mol Fe= 11.2/56=0.2 mol
Cc phng trnh:
Fe Fe+2+ 2e
Fe+2Fe+3 +1e
Mn+7 + 5eMn+2
0.2 0.2
0.2
0.2
x
5x
+7
nMn = n KMnO4 = x mol
p dng nh lut bo ton e. ta c:
5x = 0.2 x= 0.04
0.04
*1000 80ml
Vy V=
0.5
33
Cu 2. Ha tan 5.4g Al bng mt lng dung dch H2SO4 long d. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v V lt
kh H2 ( ktc). Tnh gi tr ca V:
A. 4.48 lt
B. 3.36 lt
C. 2.24 lt
D. 6.72 lt
Bi gii:
Al Al+3+ 3e
2H+ + 2e H2
0.2
0.6
0.6 0.3
5, 4
0, 2 nH 2 0,3 V= 6.72 lt. Chn cu D
nAl=
27
Cu 3. Ha tan hon ton 12.1 g hn hp Fe, Zn (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3. thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp
kh X (gm kh NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi
tr ca V l:
A. 3.36
B. 2.24
C. 4.48
D. 5.60
Cu 4. Nung m gam bt st trong oxi thu c 6g hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch
HNO3 d thy thot ra 1.12 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm duy nht). Gi tr m l
A. 4.44
B. 5.34
C. 5.04
D. 4.64
Cu 5. Cho m gam Al tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 th thy thot ra 11.2 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm ba
kh N2; NO; N2O c t l s mol tng ng l 2:1:2. Gi tr m l bao nhiu?
A. 2.7 g
B. 16.8 g
C. 3.51g
D. 35.1g
Cu 6. Ha tan a gam hn hp X gm Mg v Al vo HNO3 c ngui. d th thu c 0.336 lt NO2 ( 00C; 2
atm). Cng a gam hn hp X trn khi ha tan trong HNO3 long, d th thu c 0.168 lt NO (00C; 4atm). Khi
lng 2 kim loi Al v Mg trong a gam hn hp X ln lt l bao nhiu?
A. 4.05g v 4.8g
C. 0.54g v 0.36g
B. 5.4g v 3.6g
D. Kt qu khc.
Cu 7. Ha tan ht 12g mt kim loi cha r ha tr vo HNO3 long thu c 2.24 lt (ktc), mt kh duy nht c
c tnh khng mu, khng mi, khng chy. Kim loi dng l
A. Cu
B. Pb
C. Ni
D. Mg
Cu 8. Mt oxit nit X cha 30.43% N v khi lng. T khi ca X so vi khng kh l 1.5862. Cn bao nhiu
gam dung dch HNO3 40% tc dng vi Cu iu ch 16.687 lt kh X ( 1340C, 1 atm). Gi s phn ng ch gii
phng duy nht kh X.
A. 13.4g
B. 9.45g
C. 12.3g
D. Kt qu khc
Cu 9. Cho H2SO4 long d tc dng vi 6.660g hn hp hai kim loi X v Y u ha tr II. ngi ta thu c 0.1
mol kh, ng thi khi lng hn hp gim 6.5g. Ha tan phn cn li bng H2SO4 c nng, ngi ta thy thot ra
0.16g kh SO2. X, Y l nhng kim loi no sau y?
A. Hg v Zn
B. Cu v Zn
C. Cu v Ca
D. Fe, Cu
Cu 10. Ha tan hon ton 16.2g mt kim loi ha tr cha r bng dung dch HNO3 c 5.6 lt (ktc), hn hp
A nng 7.2 gam gm NO v N2. Kim loi cho l:
A. St
B. Km
C. Nhm
D. ng
Cu 11. Ha tan ht a gam ng trong dung dch HNO3 long th thu c 1.12 lt hn hp kh (NO; NO2) ktc,
c t khi hi i vi H2 l 16.6. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 2.38g
B. 2.08g
C. 3.9g
D. 4.16g
Cu 12. Ha tan hon ton 28.8 g kim loi Cu vo dung dch HNO3long, tt c kh NO thu -c em oxi ha
thnh NO2 ri sc vo n-c c dng oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Th tch kh oxi ktc tham gia vo qu
34

trnh trn l: (H khi B 2007)
A. 100.8 lt
B. 10.08lt

C. 50.4 lt
D. 5.04 lt
Cu 13. Cho hp kim A gm Fe v Cu. Ha tan ht 6g A bng dung dch HNO3 c, nng th thot ra 5.6 lt kh
nu duy nht (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ng trong mu hp kim l?
A. 53.34%
B. 46.67%
C. 70%
D. 90%
Cu 14. Ha tan hon ton 12.8 gam Cu trong dung dch HNO3 thy thot ra V lt hn hp kh A gm NO v NO2
ktc. Bit t khi ca A i vi H2 l 19. Ta c V bng:
A. 4.48 lt
B. 2.24 lt
C. 0.448 lt
D. 3.36 lt
Cu 15. Ha tan ht 7.44g hn hp Al v Mg trong th tch va l 500ml dung dch HNO3 long thu c
dung dch A v 3.136 lt (ktc) hn hp 2 kh ng mol c khi lng 5.18g. trong c mt kh b ha nu trong
khng kh. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp l:
A. %mMg= 81.8% ; %mAl = 18.2%
B. %mMg= 27.42% ; %mAl = 72.58%
C. %mMg= 18.8% ; %mAl = 81.2%
D. %mMg= 28.2% ; %mAl = 71.8%
Cu 16. Ha tan 19.2g kim loi M trong H2SO4 c d thu c kh SO2. Cho kh ny hp th hon ton trong 1
lt dung dch NaOH 0.6M. Sau phn ng em c cn dung dch thu c 37.8g cht rn. M l kim loi no sau y:
A. Cu
B. Mg
C. Fe
D. Ca
Cu 17. Chia 9.76g hn hp X gm Cu v oxit ca st lm hai phn bng nhau. Ha tan hon ton phn th nht
vo dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A v 1.12 lt(ktc) hn hp kh B (NO v NO2) c t khi hi i vi H2
l 19.8. C cn dung dch A thu c 14.78 g hn hp mui khan. Cng thc phn t oxit ca st v khi lng
mi cht trong hn hp X ban u l nh th no?
A. Fe2O3 ; mCu=4.64g; mFe2O3 5.12g
B. Fe3O4 mCu=5.12g; mFe3O4 4.64g
C. Fe2O3 ; mCu=5.21g; mFe2 O3 4.46g
D. FeO; mCu=5.12g; mFeO 5.12g
Cu 18. Nung m gam st trong khng kh, thu c 104.8 gam hn hp rn A gm Fe. FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Ha tan
A trong dung dch HNO3d, thu c dung dch B v 12.096 lt hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi i vi
He l 10.167. Gi tr ca m l
A. 74.8g
B. 87.4g
C. 47.8g
D. 78.4g
Cu 19. Ha tan 6.4g Cu vo 120ml dung dch hn hp HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0.5M thu c dung dch A v V lt
kh NO duy nht (ktc). Th tch v s gam mui khan thu c sau khi c cn dung dch A l:
A. 1.344 lt; 15.24g
B. 1.434 lt; 14.25g
C. 1.443 lt; 14.52g
D. 12.34 lt; 13.24g
Cu 20. Cho 12.9 g hn hp Al v Mg phn ng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp 2 axit HNO 3 4M v H2SO4 7M
(m c) thu c 0.1 mol mi kh SO2; NO; N2O. Thnh phn % khi lng mi kim loi v s gam mui thu
c sau khi c cn dung dch l:
A. %Mg 50%; %Al 50%; 77.6g
B. %Mg 35.2%; %Al 64.79%; 67.7g
C. %Mg 37.21%; %Al 62.79%; 76.7g
D. %Mg 32.51%; %Al 67.49%; 77.7g
TC PHN NG-CN BNG HA HC
I. TC PHN NG
1. nh ngha
Tc phn ng l bin thin nng ca mt trong cc cht phn ng hoc sn phm trong mt n v
thi gian.
Nng c tnh bng mol/l, n v thi gian c th l giy, pht, gi. Tc phn ng c tnh bng
thc nghim.
2. Tc trung bnh ca phn ng
35
Xt phn ng A B ; t1 , CA = C1 ; t2 , CA = C2
Ta c vn tc trung bnh ca phn ng l :
Xt phn ng sau : nA + mB xC + yD
ta c
v = k [A]n [B]m
3. Cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng
a. nh hng nng
Khi tng nng cht phn ng, tc phn ng tng
b. nh hng ca p sut
i vi phn ng c cht kh, khi tng p sut th tc phn ng tng
c. nh hng ca nhit
Khi tng nhit , tc phn ng tng
d. nh hng ca din tch b mt
Khi tng din tch b mt cht phn ng, tc phn ng tng
e. nh hng ca cht xc tc
Cht xc tc l cht lm tng tc phn ng, nhng cn li sau khi phn ng kt thc
II. CN BNG HA HC
Nhng phn ng ho hc xy ra theo hai chiu ngc nhau cng iu kin gi l phn ng thun nghch.
2SO2 + O2
2SO3
Cn bng ho hc l trng thi ca hn hp cc cht phn ng khi tc ca phn ng thun bng tc ca phn
ng nghch :
vt = vn
Qu trnh bin i nng cc cht trong hn hp phn ng t trng thi cn bng ny n trng thi cn bng
khc do s thay i iu kin ca mi trng gi l s chuyn dch cn bng ho hc.
2. Mt s yu t nh hng n s chuyn dch cn bng
a. Nng
Khi tng hoc gim nng mt cht trong cn bng th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu gim hoc tng nng
ca cht .
b. p sut
S tng p sut s lm cho cn bng chuyn dch v pha gim s phn t kh, khi gim p sut th cn bng s
chuyn dch sang pha tng s phn t kh
Trong trng hp phn ng xy ra khng c s bin i s phn t kh th p sut khng nh hng n s chuyn
dch cn bng.
c. Nhit
Nhit nh hng n s chuyn dch cn bng ho hc theo quy lut :
Khi h nhit phn ng s dch chuyn v pha chiu ta nhit, tng nhit phn ng dch chuyn theo chiu
thu nhit
V2 O 5
Cu 1. Cho cn bng: 2SO2 + O2
2SO3 H < 0
Yu t no sau y c th lm cn bng chuyn dch l
A. p sut
B. Nhit
C. Cht xc tc
D.a v b
Cu 2. Cho cn bng:
2NO2 (kh mu nu)
N2O4(kh khng mu)
Phn ng thun to nhit. Khi ngm bnh cha kh NO2 vo nc th hin tng l :
A. mu nu m v cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun
B. mu nu nht v cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun
C. mu nu nht v cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch
36
D. mu nu m v cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch

Cu 3. Cho cn bng:4NO2 + O2 + H2O
4HNO3 + Q
HNO3 khng b phn hu cn bo qun HNO3
A. M np chai HNO3 NO2 thot ra ngoi
B. dung dch HNO3 nhit thp, nt kn chai ng ho cht
C. dung dch HNO3 trong t sy nhit 500C
D.c a.b.c u sai
Cu 4. Cho phn ng sau: 2CO + O2
2CO2
Trong bnh kn nhit khng thay i. nu tng p sut ca h ln 3 ln th tc phn ng tng bao nhiu ln:
A.9
B.27
C.3
D.18
Cu 5. Cho phn ng: N2(k) + 3H2(k)
2NH3(k)
Tc phn ng v c xc nh bi biu thc: v = k. [N2].[H2]3. Hi tc phn ng s tng bao nhiu ln khi
tng p sut chung ca h ln 2 ln? Tc phn ng s tng
A.4 ln.
B.8 ln.
C.12 ln.
D. 16 ln.
Cu 6. nh gi mc ca phn ng xy ra nhanh hay chm ngi ta da vo yu t no sau y?
A. Nng
B. Nhit
C. p sut
D. Tc phn ng
Cu 7. Chn pht biu ng:
i vi phn ng mt chiu. tc phn ng s:
A. Khng i theo thi gian
B. Gim dn theo thi gian cho n khi bng mt hng s khc khng
C. Tng dn theo thi gian
D. Gim dn theo thi gian cho n khi bng khng.
Cu 8. C phn ng ho hc sau: N2 + 3H2
2NH3
Nng lc u ca N2 l 0.01mol/l, sau 10 giy nng ca N2 l 0.009mol/l. Tc mt i trung bnh ca N2
trong khong thi gian trn c gi tr l
A. 0.0001 mol/l/giy.
B. 0.001 mol/l/giy.
C. 0.01 mol/l/giy.
D. 0.009mol/l/giy.
Cu 9. Phn ng thun nghch l
A. Phn ng c th xy ra theo chiu thun hay theo chiu nghch tu k phn ng.
B. Phn ng xy ra ng thi theo hai chiu ngc nhau trong cng mt k
C. Phn ng t xy ra cho n khi ht cc cht phn ng.
D. a v b u ng
Cu 10. Cho phn ng:
2SO2 (k) + O2 (k)
2SO3 (k) c H <0
c nhiu SO3 hn, ta nn chn bin php no trong 3 bin php sau:
1) Gim nhit
2) Tng p sut
3) Thm O2
a) Ch c bin php 1
b) Ch c 1 v 2
c) C 3 bin php d) Ch c 1 v 3
Cu 11. Trong cng nghip, iu ch kh than t, ngi ta thi hi nc qua than ang nng , Phn ng
ho hc xy ra nh sau:
C (r) + H2O (k)
CO(k) + H2(k). H > 0.
iu khng nh no sau y l ng?
A.Tng p sut chung ca h lm cn bng khng thay i.
B.Tng nhit ca h lm cn bng chuyn sang chiu thun.
C.Dng cht xc tc lm cn bng chuyn sang chiu thun.
37
D. Tng nng hiro lm cn bng chuyn sang chiu thun.

Cu 12. Chn pht biu ng trong nhng pht biu sau y:
1) Vic thay i p sut ngoi khng lm thay i trng thi cn bng ca phn ng c tng s mol cht kh ca
cc sn phm bng tng s mol cht kh ca cc cht u.
2) Khi tng nhit , cn bng ca mt phn ng bt k s chuyn dch theo chiu thu nhit
3) Khi gim p sut, cn bng ca mt phn ng bt k s chuyn dch theo chiu tng s phn t kh.
4) H t trng thi cn bng th lng cc cht thm vo khng lm nh hng n trng thi cn bng.
A. 1.2 v 3
B. 1
C.2 v 3
D. 1.3 v 4
Cu 13. Chn ng:
1) Mt h ang trng thi cn bng, nu ta thay i mt yu t (p sut,nhit , nng ) th cn bng s dch
theo chiu chng li s thay i .
2) Khi tng nhit , cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng to nhit; khi gim nhit , cn bng s
chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng thu nhit.
3) Hng s cn bng ca mt phn ng l mt i lng khng i nhit xc nh.
4) Khi thm mt cht ( tc cht hay sn phm) vo h cn bng, cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu lm gim
lng cht :
A. 1 v 3
B. 1.3 v 4
C. 1 v 4
D. 1 v 2
Cu 14. Chn gii php hp l nht cho phn ng:
N2 (k) + O2 (k)
2NO(k) H>0
thu c nhiu NO ta c th dng cc bin php:
A. Tng p sut v gim nhit
B.Tng nhit .
C. Tng p sut v tng nhit .
D. Gim nhit .
Cu 15. Cho cn bng ho hc: 2SO2(k) + O2(k) 2SO3(k); phn ng thun l phn ng to
nhit. Pht biu ng l:
A.Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit .
B.Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng O2.
C.Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi gim p sut h phn ng.
D.Cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nng SO3.
Cu 16. Cho cn bng ho hc: N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3(k); phn ng thun l phn ng to nhit.
Cn bng ho hc khng b chuyn dch khi
A.thay i p sut ca h.
C.thay i nhit .
B.thay i nng N2.
D.thm cht xc tc Fe.
Cu 17. Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn: 2NO2(k) N2O4(k).
(mu nu ) (khng mu)
Bit khi h nhit ca bnh th mu nu nht dn. Phn ng thun c
B. H < 0, phn ng ta nhit.
A.H > 0, phn ng ta nhit.
C. H < 0, phn ng thu nhit.
D. H > 0, phn ng thu nhit.
Cu 18. Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch khng i, cha hn hp kh N2 v H2 vi nng tngng l 0,3M v
0,7M. Sau khi phn ng tng hp NH3 t trng thi cn bng t C, H2 chim 50%th tch hn hp thu c. Hng s cn
bng KC toC ca phn ng c gi tr l
A.2,500.
B.3,125.
C.0,609.
D.0,500.
o
38
Cu 19. Cho cn bng ho hc sau: 2SO2(k) + O2(k) 2SO3(k); H < 0.Cho cc bin php: (1) tng nhit , (2)
tng p sut chung ca h phn ng, (3) h nhit , (4)dng thm cht xc tc V2O5, (5) gim nng SO3, (6) gim p
sut chung ca h phn ng. Nhngbin php no lm cn bng trn chuyn dch theo chiu thun?
A.(1), (2), (4), (5).
B.(2), (3), (5).
C.(2), (3), (4), (6).
D.(1), (2), (4).
39
PHN NG TRAO I ION - TON DUNG DCH V pH

CC PP GII TON TRONG DUNG DCH
A. BO TON IN TCH
NI DUNG PHNG PHP:
*L BTT:
*AD: Xc nh lng (s mol, nng , khi lng ) ca 1 ion khi bit lng ca cc ion
khc.
Xc dnh khi lng cht rn sau khi c cn mt dung dch khi bit s mol cc ion
trong dung dch.
V d : Trong mt
dung dch c cha a mol Ca , b mol Mg , c mol Cl v d mol NO3 . Biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d l:
A. 2a + 2b = c + d
B. a + b = 2c + 2d
C. a + 2b = c + d
D. 2a + b = c + 2d
2+
2+
GII: Trong mt dung dch. tng s mol in tch ca cc cation bng tng s mol in tch ca cc anion,
v vy: 2a + 2b = c + d. Chn A
Cu 1. Biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d trong dung dch cha a mol Na+; b mol Ca2+; c mol HCO3- v d mol Cl- l:
A. a + 2b = c + d
B. a + b = c + d
C.a + 2b = 2c + d
D. a + b = c + 2d
Cu 2. Mt dung dch c cha n (mol) K+; m (mol) Fe3+; p(mol) Cl-; q (mol) SO42- th biu thc lin h gia n, m,
p, q l:
A. 2n + m = 2p + q
B. n + 3m = p + 2q
C. 3n + m = 2p + q
D. n + 2m = p + 2q
Cu 3. Ha tan hon ton 4.34g hn hp gm Fe, Mg, Zn trong dung dch HCl thu c 1.792 lt H 2(ktc). S
gam mui khan khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c l:
A. 10.02g
B. 10.05g
C. 10.5g
D. 10.2g
Cu 5. Dung dch A cha ng thi ba mui Na2SO4 0.05M; KCl 0.1M v NaCl 0.5M. S gam mi mui NaCl v
K2SO4 cn ha tan chun b 200 ml dung dch A cn ha tan vo nc l:
A. 7.02g ; 1.74g
B. 7.02g ; 1.47g
C. 7.20g ; 1.74g
D. 27.0g ; 14.7g
Cu 6. Mt dung dch cha 0.02 mol Cu2+; 0.03 mol K+; x mol Cl- v y mol SO42- . Tng khi lng cc mui tan
c trong dung dch l 5.435g. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l bao nhiu?
A. 0.01 v 0.03
B. 0.02 v 0.05
C. 0.05 v 0.01
D. 0.03 v 0.02
Cu 7. Mt dung dch c cha Ca2+(0.2 mol); NO3- (0.2 mol); Na+(0.2 mol); Cl- (0.4 mol). C cn dung dch ny
thu c mui khan c khi lng l:
A. 34.8g
B. 39.2g
C. 32.9g
D. 392g
Cu 8. Dung dch A c cha ng thi hai mui natri clorua (0.3 mol/l) v kali photphat (0.1 mol/l). S mol kali
clorua v natri photphat cn dng pha ch 2 lt dung dch A l:
A. 0.6 mol KCl v 0.2 mol Na3PO4
B. 0.6 mol KCl v 0.1 mol Na3PO4
C. 0.7 mol KCl v 0.2 mol Na3PO4
D. 0.5 mol KCl v 0.3 mol Na3PO4
Cu 9. Mt dung dch c cha hai loi ion cation l Fe2+(0.1 mol) v Al3+(0.2 mol) cng hai loi anion l Cl-(x
mol) v SO42-(y mol). Bit khi c cn dung dch thu c 46.9g cht rn khan. Vy x v y l:
40

A. x = 0.2 v y = 0.3
C. x = 0.3 v y = 0.1

B. x = 0.3 v y = 0.2
D. x = 0.2 v y = 0.4
Cu 10. Dung dch A cha 0.23g ion Na+; 0.12g ion Mg2+; 0.355g ion Cl-; v m gam ion SO42-. S gam mui khan
s thu c khi c cn dung dch A l:
A. 1.185g
B. 1.19g
C. 1.2g
D. 1.158g
Cu 11. Cho 200ml dung dch A cha cc ion NH4+; K+; SO42- v Cl- vi cc nng sau: [NH4+]=0.5M; [K+] =
0.1M; [SO42-]=0.25M. Tnh khi lng ca cht rn thu c sau khi c cn 200ml dung dch A.
A. 8.09g
B. 7.38g
C. 12.18g
D. 36.9g
Cu 12. Mt dung dch cha 0.96g Cu2+; 0.144g SO42-; x mol NO3- v y mol Fe2+. Khi lng mui khan thu c
khi c cn dung dch ny l 3.048g. Vy x, y ln lt l:
A. x = 0.03; y = 0.0015
B. x = 0.02; y = 0.05
C. x = 0.01; y = 0.02
D. x = 0.05; y = 0.015
Cu 13. Mt dung dch c cha 0.02 mol NH4+; x mol Fe3+; 0.1 mol Cl-; v 0.02 mol SO42-. Khi c cn dung dch
ny thu c mt lng mui khan l bao nhiu?
A. 8.63g
B. 8.07g
C. 4.315g
D. 4.875g
Cu 14. Mt dung dch cha 0.39g K+; 0.54g Al3+; 1.92g SO42- v ion NO3-. Nu c cn dung dch mui ny s thu
c lng mui khan l bao nhiu?
A. 0.93g
B. 0.99g
C. 2.85g
D. 4.71g
.
S DNG PHN NG DNG ION THU GN
NI DUNG PHNG PHP:
*Nguyn tc: Chuyn bi ton v dng ion thu gn (bn cht ca phn ng:trung ha; to ta; to kh
v.v)
Cu 1. Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d); thu c dung dch X v 3.36 lt H2(ktc). Th tch
dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ha dung dch X l:
A. 150ml
B. 75ml
C. 60ml
D. 30ml
Cu 2. Cho bit;
- 20ml dung dch HNO3 c trung ha ht bi 60ml dung dch KOH.
- 20ml dung dch HNO3 sau khi tc dng ht vi 2g CuO th c trung ha ht bi 10ml dung dch KOH.
Vy nng mol/l ca dung dch HNO3 v dung dch KOH l nh th no?
A. CM HNO 3M ; CM KOH 2M
B. CM HNO 4M ; CM KOH 2M
3
C. CM HNO 3M ; CM KOH 1M
3
D. CM HNO 1M ; CM KOH 3M
3
Cu 3. Phi thm Vml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0.1M vo 10 ml dung dch HCl 0.1 M c mt dung dch c
pH=7. Vy V bng bao nhiu?
A. 10ml
B. 20ml
C. 5ml
D. 25ml
Cu 4. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0.08 mol/l v H2SO4 0.01mol/l vi 250ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 c
nng x mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500ml dung dch c pH=12. Gi tr m v x (coi Ba(OH) 2 in li hon
ton c hai nc) l:
A. m= 0.5825g ; x=0.06 mol/l
B. m= 0.5825g ; x=0.08 mol/l
C. m= 0.2585g ; x=0.06 mol/l
D. m= 0.2585g ; x=0.6 mol/l
41
Cu 5. Dung dch A cha HCl 0.5M v H2SO4 0.25M, dung dch B cha NaOH 0.4M v KOH 0.4M. dung
V
dch thu c khng lm i mu qu tm th cn trn hai dung dch ny theo t l th tch A l:
VB
A. 4:5
B. 5: 4
C. 4: 3
D. 5: 3
Cu 6. Cho bit :
- 30ml dung dch H2SO4 c trung ha ht bi 20ml dung dch NaOH v 10ml dung dch KOH 2M
- 30 ml dung dch NaOH c trung ha ht bi 20ml dung dch H2SO4 v 5ml dung dch HCl 1M.
Vy nng mol/l ca dung dch H2SO4 v dung dch NaOH l bao nhiu?
A. CM H SO 0,7M ; CM NaOH 1,1M
B. CM H SO 0,8M ; CM NaOH 1,1M
2
C. CM H SO 0,7M ; CM NaOH 1,13M

2
D. CM H SO 1,1M ; CM NaOH 1, 2M
2
Cu 7. Mt dung dch hn hp A c cha AlCl3 v FeCl3. Thm dung dch NaOH vo 100ml dung dch A cho
n d. Lc ly kt ta. ra sch, sy nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 2g cht rn. Mt khc, ngi ta
phi dng ht 40ml dung dch AgNO3 2M kt ta ht ion Cl- c trong 50ml dung dch A. Nng mol/l ca 2
mui trong dung dch A l bao nhiu?
A. CM AlCl 0, 283M ; CM FeCl 0, 25M
B. CM AlCl 0, 283M ; CM FeCl 0,025M
3
C. CM AlCl 0, 29M ; CM FeCl 0, 25M

3
D. CM AlCl 0,3M ; CM FeCl 0,5M

3
Cu 8. Cho 200 ml dung dch A cha HCl 1M v HNO3 2M tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch cha NaOH 0.8M v
KOH (cha bit nng ) th thu c dung dch C. Bit rng trung ha dung dch C cn 60 ml HCl 1M. Nng
KOH l
A. 0,7M
B. 0,5M
C. 1,4M
D. 1,6M
Cu 9. Cho 200ml dung dch A cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0.2M trung ha vi dung dch B cha NaOH 2M v
Ba(OH)2 1M. Th tch dung dch B cn dng l:
A. 0,05 lt
B. 0,06 lt
C. 0,04 lt
D. 0,07 lt
Cu 10. Cho 3.72g hn hp X gm Zn v Fe vo 200ml dung dch Y hn hp HCl 0.5M v H2SO4 0.15M (long).
Kh H2 bay ra thu c 0.12g th s gam mui khan thu c sau phn ng l:
A. 8,23g n 8,73g
B. 8,32g n 8,73g
C. 8,23g n 8,37g
D. 8,30g n 8,70g
Cu 11. Nh t t 200ml dung dch X (K2CO3 1M. NaHCO3 0.5M) vo 200ml dung dch HCl 2M th th tch
CO2 thu c ktc l
A. 4,48lt
B. 1,68lt
C. 2,24lt
D. 3,36lt
Cu 12. Cho 100ml dung dch B gm KOH 1M v NaOH 0.8M vo 100ml dung dch A, c cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c rn C khan. Khi lng rn C l
A. 16,33g
B. 13,36g
C. 15,63g
D. 13,63g
Cu 13. Ha tan hon ton 20g hn hp ng mol ca MgCO3 v RCO3 bng dung dch HCl. Lng kh sinh ra
c hp th bi 200ml dung dch NaOH 2.5M c dung dch A. Thm BaCl2 d vo dung dch A to ra 39.4g
kt ta. R v % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u l:
A. Cu; %mMgCO3 42%;%mCuCO3 58%
B. Fe; %mMgCO3 42%;%mFeCO3 58%
C. Fe; %mMgCO3 58%;%mFeCO3 42%
D. Cu; %mMgCO3 50%;%mCuCO3 50%
C. QUY TC NG CHO
42
C th p dng quy tc ng cho tnh ton nhanh. Quy tc ng cho ch c p dng khi:
- Trn ln 2 dung dch cha cng mt cht tan duy nht. Hai dung dch cng loi nng v ch khc nhau
v ch s nng .
- Pha long dung dch (gi nguyn lng cht tan, thm dung mi). Dung mi c coi l dung dch c nng
bng 0.
- Thm cht tan khan, nguyn cht (xem nh nng 100%) vo dung dch c sn.
Nguyn tc ca vic s dng quy tc ng cho l:
Trn m1 gam dung dch c nng C1% vi m2 gam dung dch c nng C2% thu c dung dch mi c
nng C%. ta c:
Dung dch 1:
m1
C2-C
C1
C
Dung dch 2:
m2
C-C1
C2
m1 C 2 C
(Chn C2>C1)
m2 C C1
Khi thay i nng % bng nng mol v khi lng dung dch bng th tch dung dch th:
CM2 - CM
Dung dch 1: V1
CM1
CM
Dung dch 2: V2
CM2
CM - CM1
V1 C M 2 C M
(Chn CM 2 > CM 1 )
V2 C M C M 1
2. Quy tc ng cho p dng cho hn hp kh:
Hn hp kh cng c xem nh l mt dung dch-dung dch kh. Nu bit M ca 2 kh c th, c th tm t l

mol hoc t l th tch gia chng bng quy tc ng cho m rng sau y:
M2 - M
Kh 1 n1, V1 M1
M
Kh 2 n2, V2
M2
M1 - M
n1 V1 M 2 M
(Chn M2> M1)
n2 V2
M M1
Cu 1. thu c dung dch HCl 25% cn ly m1 gam dung dch HCl 45% pha vi m2 gam dung dch HCl 15%.
T l m1/m2 l?
A. 1:2
B. B. 1:3
C. 2:1
D. 3:1
Cu 2. pha c 500 g dung dch nc mui c nng 0.9% cn ly m gam dung dch NaCl 3%. Ga tr ca
V l?
A. 150
B. 214.3
C. 285.7
D. 350
Cu 3. Ha tan 200 gam SO3 vo m gam dung dch H2SO4 49% ta c dung dch H2SO4 78.4%. Ga tr ca m l?
43

A. 133.3
B. 146.9

C. 272.2
Cu 4.Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79.319. Brom c 2 ng v bn :

nguyn t ca 3581 Br l?
A. 84.05
B. 81.02
C. 18.98
D. 300
79
35
Br v
81
35
Br . Thnh phn % s
D. 15.95
Bi 5. Mt hn hp gm O2 v O3 ktc c t khi i vi H2 l 18. Thnh phn % v th tch ca O3 trong hn

hp l:
A. 15%
B. 25%
C. 35%
D. 45%
D. GII TON XC NH pH
NI DUNG PHNG PHP:
*Nguyn tc:
pH= -lg[H+] hay [H+] =10-pH
i vi dung dch c mi trng kim, s xc nh [OH-], sau a vo
[H+] .[OH-]=10-14 suy ra [H+] hoc t [OH-]pOH= -lg[OH-] hay [OH-]= 10-pOH ri a vo tng pH v
pOH=14 d suy ra pH
Ch : c bit dung dch axit yu( hoc baz yu) c th s da vo hng s phn li axit Ka( hoc
hng s phn li baz Kb) hay in li
Cchatphnli
Cha tan
VD1. Trn 200ml dung dch H2SO4 0.05M vi 300ml dung dch NaOH 0.06M, pH ca dung dch thu c (cho
lg2= 0.30) l:
A. 2.4
B. 2.9
C. 4.2
D. 4.3
Bi gii:
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
H+ + OH- H2O
nH 0, 2.0,05.2 0,02mol
nOH 0,3.0,06 0,018mol

Vy sau phn ng s mol H+ cn : 0.02 0.018 = 0.002 mol
Do :
0, 002
[H ]
0, 004 4.103 mol.l 1
0, 2 0,3
V pH = -lg4. 10-3 = 2.4. chn A
VD2. pH ca dung dch thu c sau khi trn 40ml dung dch H2SO4 0.25M vi 60ml dung dch NaOH 0.5M l:
A. 13
B. 12
C. 14
D. 15
Bi gii: nH2 SO4 0, 25.0,04 0,01mol nNaOH 0,5.0,06 0,03mol
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
nNaOH (p/)= 2 nH2 SO4 0,02mol
nNaOH d = 0.03 0.02 = 0.01 mol
44
0, 01
0,1M
0, 06 0, 04
NaOH Na+ + OH[OH-] = CM NaOH = 0.1M
CM NaOH
pOH = 1 pH = 14 1 =13 chn A

Cu 1 . pH ca dung dch H2SO4 0.0005M v pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0.01M (= 4.25%) l:
A. 3,0; 3,37
B. 3,0; 3,9
C. 5,0; 3,37
D. 4,0; 3,38
Cu 2. Trn dung dch HNO3 0.02M vi dung dch NaOH 0.01M vi t l th tch 1:1 c dung dch Z. pH ca
dung dch l
A. 3,2
B. 2,3
C. 2,1
D. 3,0
Cu 3. Cho 300 (ml) dung dch X: H2SO4 0.15M; HNO3 0.1M; HCl 0.2M phn ng va 500 ml dung dch Y:
KOH 0.1M v NaOH 0.2M thu c dung dch Z. C cn dung dch Z thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan ?
A. 125,6 gam
B. 12,56 gam
C. 15,6 gam
D. 16,5 gam
Cu 4. in li v pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0.2M (bit rng hng s phn li ca axit ny l 1.75. 10-5) l:
A. 2,73
B. 2,37
C. 3,27
D. 3,72
Cu 5. pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0.05M 250C (bit rng 250C hng s K= 1,8. 10-5) l:
A. 3,02
B. 3,20
C. 2,03
D. 2,30
Cu 6. pH ca dung dch hn hp gm NH4+ 0.1M v NH3 0.1M (bit rng hng s in li ca NH4+
K NH 5.1010 ) l:
4
A. 9,3
B. 3,9
C. 9,8
D. 9,10
Cu 7. in phn 100ml dung dch CuSO4 0.1M cho n khi va bt u si bt bn catot th ngng in phn,
pH dung dch ngay khi y vi hiu sut l 100% (th tch dung dch c xem nh khng i, ly lg2= 0.30) l:
A. pH= 1,0
B. pH= 0,7
C. pH= 2,0
D. pH= 1,3
Cu 8. Dung dch HCl c pH=3. S ln pha long dung dch thu c dung dch HCl c pH= 4 l
A. 10
B. 11
C. 12
D. 13
Cu 9. c dung dch c pH=8 th phi ly dung dch axit (pH=5) v dung dch baz (pH= 9) theo t l th
tch:
A. 9:11
B. 9: 10
C. 10:11
D. 11:9
Cu 10. in phn dung dch 100ml CuSO4 d vi cc in cc tr bng graphit vi thi gian 1 gi, cng
dng in c nh l 0.16A. Khi lng Cu iu ch c v pH dung dch sau thi gian in phn trn l:
A. mCu= 0,19g; pH= 1.22
B. mCu= 0,91g; pH= 1.2
C. mCu= 1,22g; pH= 0.19
D. mCu= 1,9g; pH= 1.22
Cu 11. in phn dung dch 100ml AgNO3 d vi cc in cc tr bng graphit vi thi gian 14 pht 15 giy,
cng dng in khng i l 0.8A. Khi lng Ag iu ch c v pH dung dch sau thi gian in phn trn
l:
A. mAg= 0,765g; pH= 1.15
B. mAg= 0,756g; pH= 1.15
C. mAg= 0,765g; pH= 11.5
D. mAg= 0,567g; pH= 15.1
Cu 12. Trn 200ml dung dch H2SO4 0.05M vi 300ml dung dch HCl 0.1M ta c dung dch D. Nng mol/l
ca H2SO4, HCl, ion H+ trong dung dch D v pH ca dung dch D l:
A. CM HCl 0, 06; CM H SO 0, 02;[ H ] 1.101; pH 1
2
45
B. CM HCl 0, 60; CM H SO 0, 02;[ H ] 1.102 ; pH 2

2
C. CM HCl 0, 06; CM H SO 0, 20;[ H ] 1.101; pH 1

2
D. CM HCl 0, 02; CM H SO 0, 06;[ H ] 1.102 ; pH 2

2
Cu 13. Trn ln 50ml dung dch HCl 0.12M vi 50ml dung dch NaOH 0.1M c dung dch Y, pH ca dung
dch l:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
Cu 14. X l dung dch H2SO4 0.02M, Y l dung dch NaOH 0.035M. c dung dch Z (pH= 2) cho th tch
dung dch Z bng tng th tch dung dch X v Y th cn phi trn X, Y theo t l th tch l:
V 2
V 1
V 6
V 3
A. 1
B. 1
C. 1
D. 1
V2 3
V2 2
V2 2
V2 2
Cu 15. in phn 100ml dung dch cha NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn. cng dng in I l 1.93A.
Thi gian in phn c dung dch pH = 12 (th tch dung dch c xem nh khng i, hiu sut in phn
l 100%) l:
A. 100s
B. 50s
C. 150s
D. 200s
Cu 16. Ha tan 3 gam axit CH3COOH vo nc c 250ml dung dch A. Nng mol/l cc ion trong dung
dch A (bit in li = 0.8%) l:
A. 0.05M
B. 0.04
C. 0.2M
D. 0.0016M
Cu 17. Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH3COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung dch tngng l x v
y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH3COOH th c 1 phn t in li)
A.y = 100x.
B.y = 2x.
C.y = x - 2.
D.y = x + 2.
Cu 18. Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axitH2SO4 0,5M, thu
c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dungdch Y c pH l
A.1.
B.6.
C.7.
D.2.
Cu 19. Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung dch (gm H2SO4
0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A.7.
B.2.
C.1.
D.6.
Cu 20. Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2V ml dung
dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH l
A.4.
B.3.
C.2.
D.1.
Cu 21. Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO3 vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH nng a
(mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l (bit trong mi dung dch [H+][OH-] = 10-14)
A.0,15.
B.0,30.
C.0,03.
D.0,12.
Cu 22. Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn
hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M, thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A.13,0.
B.1,2.
C.1,0.
D.12,8.
BI TP TNG HP
46

(1)
2Cu + O2 + 4HCl = 2CuCl2 + 2H2O
(2) Pb(CH3COO)2 + H2S = PbS
+ 2CH3COOH
(3) Fe + 4HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O

(4) MgCO3 + 2H+ = Mg2+ + H2O + CO2
(5) ZnCl2 + 2NaOH = Zn(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Nhng phn ng no l phn ng trao i ion ?
A. (1), (2), (5).
B. (1), (3), (5).
C. (3), (4), (5).
D. (2), (4), (5),
Cu 2. Khi trn cc dung dch cha cc ion sau vi nhau, trng hp no khng xy ra phn ng?
A. ( Na+, OH-, CO 32 ) v ( H+, Cl- ).
B. ( Ba2+, HCO 3 ) v ( K+, OH- ).
C. ( Na+, Cl-, CO 32 ) v ( K+, OH- ).
D. ( NH 4 , SO 24 ) v ( Ba2+, OH- ).
Cu 3. Ha tan mui NaCl vo nc thu c dd A, cho giy qu tm vo dd trn mu ca giy qu l:
A.
B. Tm
C. Xanh
D. Khng xc nh
Cu 4. Cho 1 lt dd X cha 2 mui NaA v NaB vi A, B l nguyn t phn nhm VIIA v 2 chu k lin tip
tc dng va vi 100ml dd AgNO3 0.2M th to thnh 3.137g kt ta. Xc nh A, B v nng mol ca NaA ;
NaB trong dd X?
A. F; Cl; 0.015M ; 0.005M
B. Br; I; 0.014M; 0.006M
C. Cl; Br; 0.012M; 0.008M
D.Cl; Br; 0.014M; 0.006M
Cu 5. Cho 100ml dd A cha Na2SO4 0.1M; K2SO4 0.2M phn ng va vi 100ml dd b cha Pb(NO3)2 0.1M
v Ba(NO3)2. Tnh nng ca Ba (NO3)2 v khi lung kt tu thu c? (cho Ba: 137; Pb: 207)
A. 0.1M; 6.32g
B. 0.2; 7.69g
C. 0.2M; 8.35g
D.0.1M; 7.69g
Cu 6. Cho cc dung dch mui sau y:
X1 : dd KCl
X2: dd Na2 CO3
X3: dd CuSO4
X4: dd CH3COONa
X5: dd ZnSO4
X6: dd NaCl
X7: dd AlCl3
X8: dd NH4Cl
Dung dch no pH < 7?
A. X3; X8
B. X6; X8; X1
C. X3; X5; X7; X8
D. X1; X2; X7
Cu 7. Cho m g Ba vo 1 lt dung dch H2SO4 0.1M thy thot ra 3.36 lt H2(ktc). pH ca dung dch thu c l:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 12
D. 13
Cu 8. C bao nhiu loi kh thu c khi cho cc cht rn hay dung dich sau y phn ng vi nhau: Al, FeS,
HCl, NaOH, (NH4)2CO3.
A.1
B.2
C. 3
D.4
Cu 9. Trong nhng cp cht sau y, cht no cng tn ti trong mt dung dch?
A. NH4Cl v Na2CO3
B. HCl v NaHCO3
C. NH4HCO3 v NH4Cl
D. NaOH v AlCl3
Cu 10. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch NaOH thu c khi ha tan hon ton 1.35 gam Na2O trong nuc
c 100ml dung dch.
A. 0.0435M
B. 0.408M
C. 0.217M
D. 0.435M
Cu 11. Khi cho HNO3 phn ng vi kim loi, sn phm ca phn ng khng th l:
A. NO
B. N2
C. NH4NO3
D. H2
47
Cu 12. Cho 100ml dung dch FeSO4 0.5M phn ng vi NaOH. Sau phn ng lc ly kt ta ri em nung trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i. Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c sau khi nung?
A. 4 gam
B. 5.35gam
C. 4.5gam
D. 3.6gam
Cu 13. Trn 10 ml HCl 36% (d = 1.18g/lt) vi 50ml HCl 20% (d = 1.1 g/ml), nng dd axit thu c l:
A, 15.6
B. 48.5
C. 22.83
D. 20.5
Cu 14. Dung dch A cha 2 axit: H2SO4 (cha bit CM) v HCl (0.2M). Dung dch B cha 2 baz: NaOH 0.5M
v Ba(OH)2 0.25M. Tnh CM ca H2SO4 bit 100 ml dd A trung ha 120 ml dd B.
A. 1M
B. 0.5M
C. 0.75M
D. 0.25M
Cu 15. Cho 100ml dung dch axit NaOH c pH = 12 vo 900 ml nc thu c dung dch X. pH ca dung dch
X thu c:
A. 11
B. 10
C. 9
D. 8
Cu 16. Lng SO3 cn thm vo 100g dd H2SO4 10% c dung dch H2SO4 20% l:
A. 9.756g
B. 5.675g
C. 3.14g
D. 3.5g
Cu 17. Ly 20g dd HCl 37%, pha thm vo dd trn mt lng H2O thu c dd c nng 10%. Lng nc
cn dng l:
A. 27g
B. 25.5g
C. 54g
D. 80g
Cu 18. 1.78g hn hp 2 kim loi ha tr 2 tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long. gii phng 0.896 lt kh (kc).
Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c l:
A. 9.46g
B. 3.7g
C. 5.62g
D.2.74g
Cu 19. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13, dung dch HCl c pH = 1 nng CM ca 2 dd trn ln lt l:
A. 0.05;0.1
B. 0.5;1
C. 0.25;1.5
D. kt qu khc
Cu 20. Cc tp hp ion no sau y c th tn ti ng thi trong cng mt dung dch:
A. Cu2+; Cl-; Na+; OH-; NO 3
B. NH 4 ; CO 32 ;HCO 32 ; OH-; Al3+
C. Na+; Ca2+; Fe2+; NO 3 ; Cl-
D. Ca2+; OH-; CO 32 ; Na+; Cl-
Cu 21. C 10ml dung dch axit NaOH c pH = 12. Cn thm bao nhiu ml nc ct thu c dung dch axit
c pH = 11?
A. 90 ml.
B. 990 ml.
C. 9 ml.
D. 900 ml.
PHI KIM V HP CHT CA PHI KIM
A. NHM HALOGEN (VIIA)
I. TNH CHT VT L
Cc nguyn t nhm halogen u c
Flo
- Trng thi vt l iu kin thng
- Nhit nng chy, oC
- Nhit si oC
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng
ca nguyn t
- m in
Clo
- 219,6
- 188,1
101,0
- 34,1
Brom
Lng, mu ,
n u
- 7,3
59,2
2s2 2p5
3s2 3p5
4s2 4p5
4,0
3,0
2,8
Kh mu lc nht Kh mu vng lc
48
Iot
Tinh th mu
tm
113,6
185,5
5s2 5p5
2,6
II. TNH CHT HA HC

Tnh cht c trng ca cc nguyn t nhm halogen l tnh oxi ha
X + 1e X
Halogen l phi kim in hnh, chng l nhng cht oxi ha mnh. Kh nng oxi ha gim dn t flo n iot.
Trong cc hp cht flo lun c s oxi ha -1, cc halogen khc, ngoi s oxi ha -1 cn c cc s oxi ha
+1, +3, +5, +7.
Cc axit HX mnh dn t flo n iot, tnh kh ca axit cng tng dn.
ClO
1. Tnh cht vt l
L cht kh c, mu vng lc, mi xc, nng hn khng kh
2. Tnh cht ha hc
Clo l mt cht oxi ha mnh, trong mt s phn ng cng ng vai tr l cht kh.
a. Tc dng vi kim loi
Clo tc dng vi hu ht cc kim loi
Cl2 + 2Na 2NaCl
b. Tc dng vi hidro
nhit thng tc dng chm, tc dng mnh khi c nh sng, hoc h nng, hn hp s n mnh khi t l s
mol l 1 : 1.
Cl2 + H2 2HCl
H < 0
c. Tc dng vi nc v vi dung dch kim
Cl2 + H2O
HCl + HClO
Cl2
+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
d. Tc dng cc mui halogen khc
Clo y c cc halogen ng sau n ra khi mui.
Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2
e. Tc dng vi cc cht kh khc
Clo oxi ha c nhiu cht khc
Cl2 + SO2 + 2H2O 2HCl + H2SO4
3. iu ch
a. Trong phng th nghim
MnO2 + 4HCl
MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
KClO3 + 6HCl KCl + 3H2O + 3Cl2
b. Trong phng th nghim
2NaCl + 2H2O
H2 + Cl2 + 2NaOH
HIDRO CLORUA V AXIT CLOHIDRIC

1. Tnh cht vt l
Hiro clorua: l cht kh, c, khng mu, mi xc, tan nhiu trong nc to axit clohidric.
Axit clohidric c l mt cht lng, khng mu, mi xc, bc khi trong khng kh m.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
Kh hiroclorua kh khng lm qu tm i mu, khng tc dung vi CaCO3, tc dng rt kh khn vi kim
loi. Dung dch HCl trong benzen cng c tnh cht tng t.
Dung dch HCl trong nc l mt axit mnh, n c y tnh cht ha hc ca mt axit. Ngoi ra, n cn
th hin tnh kh clo: s oxi ha -1.
K2Cr2O7 + 14HCl 3Cl2 + 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 7H2O
3. iu ch
49
a. Trong phng th nghim: sau khi thu c kh HCl, ha tan trong nc ra axit.
NaCl (rn) + H2SO4
NaHSO4 + HCl
2NaCl (rn) + H2SO4

Na2SO4 + 2HCl
b. Trong cng nghip
Ngi ta cng sn xut kh HCl t NaCl v H2SO4.
thu HCl tinh khit ngi ta tin hnh tng hp t H2 v Cl2
H2 + Cl2 2HCl
Ngy nay mt lng ln HCl thu c trong cng nghip t qu trnh clo ha cc cht hu c.
HP CHT C OXI CA CLO
1. Mt s axit cha oxi ca clo
Tnh bn v tnh axit tng
HClO
HClO2
Axit hipoclor
Axit clor
HClO3
HClO4
Axit cloric
Axit pecloric
Kh nng oxi ha tng
2 .Nc Javen, clorua vi, mui clorat

a. Nc Ja-ven : Clo + dung dch NaOH long ngui to nc javen
2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O
c iu ch bng cch in phn khng mng ngn dung dch NaCl.
Nc Ja-ven c tc dng st trng, ty trng do to thnh HClO
NaClO + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + HClO
b. Clorua vi : l cht bt mu trng, c mi xc. Cch dng tng t nc Ja-ven
iu ch
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2
CaOCl2 + H2O
(clorua vi)
Clorua vi l mui ca canxi vi hai gc axit khc nhau Cl v ClO , nn n c gi l mui hn tp.
Tnh cht
CaOCl2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
2CaOCl2 + CO2 + H2O CaCO3 + CaCl2 + 2HClO
c. Mui clorat
Quan trong hn ht l mui KClO3
iu ch: in phn dung dch KCl 70-75oC
3Cl2 + 6KOH
5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
Tnh cht: l cht rn, khng mu, d kt tinh trong nc lnh
nhit cao b phn hy
2KClO3
2KCl + 3O2
Ngoi ra n cn l cht oxi ha mnh: chy khi gp photpho, n khi trn vi S, C v p mnh.
ng dng: lm thuc sng, pho hoa, dim qut.
FLO
1. Tnh cht vt l
Flo l cht kh mu lc nht, rt c. Flo c trong hp cht to nn men rng ca ngi v cc ng vt, trong l
ca
mt
s
cy
v
trong
cc
cht
khong
di
dng
mui
florua: CaF2 v AlF3 . 3NaF (criolit).
2. Tnh cht ha hc
Flo tc dng c vi hu ht cc kim loi, vi hu ht cc phi kim, tr oxi v nit.
Phn ng n mnh khi gp H2, ngay khi nhit rt thp
F2 + H2 2HF
Nc un nng b bc chy trong flo
50
2F2 + 4H2O 4HF + O2

3. iu ch
Dng dng in oxi ha F (KF + 2HF) trong florua nng chy thnh F2
MT S HP CHT CA FLO
1. Hiro florua v axit flohiric
Hiro florua HF l kh tan trong nc khng c gii hn, to thnh axit flohiric. HF l axit yu nhng c
tnh cht ring l tc dng vi silic ioxit (c trong thnh phn ca thu tinh) :
SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + 2H2O
Khc vi cc halogen khc, mui AgF tan trong nc, cc mui florua u l mui c
iu ch: phng php duy nht iu ch HF
CaF2 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + 2HF
2. Hp cht ca flo vi oxi: cht in hnh l OF2
2F2 + 2NaOH 2NaF + H2O + OF2
OF2 l cht kh khng mu, c mi c bit v cc k c. L cht oxi ha mnh, tc dng vi hu ht kim loi v
phi kim to oxi v florua.
BROM
1. Tnh cht vt l
Brom l cht lng mu nu, d bay hi. Hi brom c, Brom ri vo da s gy nhng vt bng nng.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
Brom va th hin tnh oxi ha va th hin tnh kh
Tc dng c vi nhiu kim loi
Tc dng vi H2
Br2 + H2
2HBr
Oxi ha c I
Br2 + 2NaI 2NaBr + I2
Tc dng vi nc
Br2 + H2O HBr + HBrO
Br2 + 5Cl2 + 6H2O 2HBrO3 + 10HCl
3. iu ch
Ch yu l t ngun mui bin, sau khi ly mui n ra, phn cn li cha nhiu NaBr, KBr, sc clo qua ta s thu
c brom.
Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaI + Br2
MT S HP CHT CA BROM
1. Hidro bromua v axit bromhiric
HBr l cht kh khng mu, bc khi trong khng kh m, rt d tan trong nc to axit bromhiric.
Axit bromhiric ngoi tnh cht ca mt axit, n cn c tnh kh
2HBr + H2SO4 Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
4HBr + O2 2Br2 + 2H2O (HF v HCl khng c phn ng ny)
iu ch
PBr3 + 3H2O H3PO3 + 3HBr
2. Hp cht cha oxi ca brom: HBrO, HBrO3, HBrO4
IOT
1. Tnh cht vt l
51
Iot l cht rn mu xm, c v sng kim loi.C hin tng thng hoa . Iot tan t trong nc, tan nhiu trong dung
mi hu c. To vi h tinh bt cht c mu xanh, y l thuc th nhn ra h tinh bt.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
Phn ng c vi nhiu kim loi, khi un nng, hoc c cht xc tc
3I2 + 2Al
2AlI3
I2 + H2
2HI
3. iu ch: mui iot tua c ly ra t rong bin, sau thc hin phn ng sau
Cl2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I2
MT S HP CHT CA IOT
1. Hiro iotua v axit iothiric
HI, km bn, d b phn hy
2HI
H2 + I2
Tan trong nc to axit iothiric, l axit mnh nht trong s cc axit ca nhng halogen khc.
HI ( dng kh hay dung dch) c tnh kh mnh, mnh hn HCl v HBr.
8HI + H2SO4 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O
2HI + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + I2 + 2HCl
2. Mt s hp cht khc
a s mui iot tua tan trong nc, tr PbI2, AgI (mui c mu vng). Iot b cc halogen ng trc y ra khi
mui
BI TP
Cu 1. Trong dy bn dung dch axit sau: HF, HCl, HBr, HI c c tnh no sau y:
A. Tnh axit gim dn t HF n HI
B. Tnh axit tng dn t HF n HI
C. Tnh kh ca cc ion halogen gim dn D.C tnh axit v tnh kh ca ion halogen khng tun theo
quy lut
Cu 2. Tnh oxi ho ca cc hp cht sau y c xp theo th t gim dn l:
A. HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4
B. HClO2, HClO, HClO3, HClO4
C. HClO4 , HClO3, HClO, HClO2
D. HClO4 , HClO3, HClO2, HClO
Cu 3. Sp xp cc axit HClO4(1), HClO3 (2), HIO3(3), HClO2(4) theo mnh tng dn
A. 4,3,2,1
B. 4,2,1,3
C. 3,4,2,1
D. 1,2,3,4
Cu 4. Thm dd AgNO3 0.1M vo 100ml dd cha KI v KCl c cng nng 0.1M th thu c kt t c khi
lng 3.211g (bit rng AgI kt ta trc). Tnh V dd AgNO3 dng.
A. 100ml
B. 160ml
C. 120ml
D. 80ml
Cu 5. Cho mt hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng vi dd AgNO3 d th to ra lng kt ta c khi lng
chnh bng khi lng AgNO3 tham gia phn ng. % khi lng NaCl trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 27.88
B. 13.4
C. 15.2
D. 24.5
Cu 6. Khi un nng 73.5g KClO3 th thu c 33.5g KCl bit qu trnh nhit phn xy ra cc phn ng:
2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2
(1)
4KClO3 KCl + 3KClO4 (2)
% KClO3 phn hy theo pt (1) l:
A. 66.67
B. 25.5
C. 53.5
D. 33.33
Cu 7. Cho 1 lt hh H2; Cl2; HCl i qua dd KI thu c 2.54g I2 v 500ml kh (kc). Thnh phn % v th tch cc
kh trong hh ban u l:
A. 50; 22.4; 27.6
B. 50; 25; 25
C. 21; 34.5; 44.5 D. 30;40;30
52
Cu 8. Ha tan 104.25g hn hp cc mui NaCl v Nal vo H2O, cho kh Cl2 i qua ri un cn. Nung cht rn
thu c cho n khi ht hi mu tm bay ra th thu c 58.5 g cht rn. Thnh phn % hai mui trong hn hp
ban u l:
A. 29.5; 70.5
B. 28.06;71.94
C. 65;35
D. 50;50
Cu 9. Cho Brom d vo hh NaI, NaBr sau khi phn ng hon thnh thy khi lng mui thu c nh hn klg
mui ban u l m gam, tip tc cho Cl2 li qua dd thy khi lng mui thu c nh hn khi lng mui phn
ng cng l m gam. Thnh phn % v khi lng ca NaBr trong hh u l:
A. 3.7
B. 4.5
C. 7.3
D. 6.7
Cu 10. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch clo bng cch
A. in phn nng chy NaCl.
B. cho dung dch HCl c tc dng vi MnO2, un nng.
C. in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn.
D. cho F2 y Cl2 ra khi dung dch NaCl.
Cu 11. Cho 13,44 lt kh clo ( ktc) i qua 2,5 lt dung dch KOH 100oC. Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c 37,25 gam KCl. Dung dch KOH trn c nng l (cho Cl = 35,5; K = 39)
A. 0,24M.
B. 0,48M.
C. 0,4M.
D. 0,2M.
Cu 12. Cho bit cc phn ng xy ra sau:
2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3
2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br2
Pht biu ng l:
A.Tnh kh ca Cl- mnh hn ca Br-.
B.Tnh oxi ha ca Br2 mnh hn ca Cl2.
C.Tnh kh ca Br- mnh hn ca Fe2+.

D.Tnh oxi ha ca Cl2 mnh hn ca Fe3+
Cu 14. Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l:
A.P, N, F, O.
B.N, P, F, O.
C.P, N, O, F.
D.N, P, O, F.
Cu 15. Cho dy cc cht v ion: Cl2, F2, SO2, Na+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Al3+, Mn2+, S2-, Cl-. S cht v ion
trong dy u c tnh oxi ho v tnh kh l
A.3.
B.4.
C.6.
D.5.
Cu 16. Nu cho 1 mol mi cht: CaOCl2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, MnO2 ln lt phn ng vi lng d
dung dch HCl c, cht to ra lng kh Cl2 nhiu nht l
A.KMnO4.
B.MnO2.
C.CaOCl2.
D.K2Cr2O7.
Cu 17. Cho dy cc cht v ion: Zn, S, FeO, SO2, N2, HCl, Cu2+, Cl-. S cht v ion c c tnh oxi
ha v tnh kh l
A.7.
B.5.
C.4.
D.6.
Cu 18. Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(a) Nung NH4NO3 rn.
(b) un nng NaCl tinh th vi dung dch H2SO4 (c).
(c) Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch NaHCO3. (d) Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d).
(e) Sc kh SO2 vo dung dch KMnO4. (g) Cho dung dch KHSO4 vo dung dch NaHCO3.
(h) Cho PbS vo dung dch HCl (long). (i) Cho Na2SO3 vo dung dch H2SO4 (d), un nng.
S th nghim sinh ra cht kh l
A.4.
B.6.
C.5.
D.2.
Cu 19. Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO3(xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3vAgNO3. Cht
53

to ra lng O2 ln nht l
A.KClO3.
B.KMnO4.
C.KNO3.
D.AgNO3.
Cu 20. Pht biu no sau y l sai?

A.Trong tinh th NaCl, xung quanh mi ion u c 6 ion ngc du gn nht.
B.Tt c cc tinh th phn t u kh nng chy v kh bay hi.
C.Tinh th nc , tinh th iot u thuc loi tinh th phn t.
D.Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt cng ho tr.
Cu 21. Nhit phn 4,385 gam hn hp X gm KClO3 v KMnO4, thu c O2 v m gam cht rn gm K2MnO4,
MnO2 v KCl. Ton b lng O2 tc dng ht vi cacbon nng , thu c 0,896 lt
hn hp kh Y (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 16. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca KMnO4 trong X l
A.74,92%.
B.72,06%.
C.27,94%.
D.62,76%.
Cu 22. Hn hp A gm KClO3, Ca(ClO2)2, Ca(ClO3)2, CaCl2 v KCl nng 83,68 gam. Nhit phn hon ton A ta
thu c cht rn B gm CaCl2, KCl v 17,472 lt kh ( ktc). Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 360 ml dung dch
K2CO3 0,5M (va ) thu c kt ta C v dung dch D. Lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng
KCl c trong A. % khi lng KClO3 c trong A l
A. 47,83%.
B. 56,72%.
C. 54,67%.
D. 58,55%.
Cu 23. Cho hn hp gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c kt ta c khi lng ng
bng khi lng AgNO3 phn ng. Tnh phn trm khi lng NaCl trong hn hp u.
A. 23,3%
B. 27,84%.
C. 43,23%.
D. 31,3%.
Cu 24. Trn 100 ml dung dch A (gm KHCO3 1M v K2CO3 1M) vo 100 ml dung dch B (gm NaHCO3 1M
v Na2CO3 1M) thu c dung dch C.Nh t t 100 ml dung dch D (gm H2SO4 1M v HCl 1M) vo dung dch
C thu c V lt CO2 (ktc) v dung dch E. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 ti d vo dung dch E th thu c m gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 82,4 gam v 2,24 lt.
B. 4,3 gam v 1,12 lt.
C. 43 gam v 2,24 lt.
D. 3,4 gam v 5,6 lt.
Cu 25. Ho tan hon ton 104,25 gam hn hp X gm NaCl v NaI vo nc c dung dch A. Sc kh Cl 2 d
vo dung dch A. Kt thc th nghim, c cn dung dch thu c 58,5 gam mui khan. Khi lng NaCl c trong
hn hp X l
A. 29,25 gam.
B. 58,5 gam.
C. 17,55 gam.
D. 23,4 gam.
Cu 26. Cho dung dch AgNO3 d tc dng vi dung dch hn hp c ha tan 6,25 gam hai mui KCl v KBr thu
c 10,39 gam hn hp AgCl v AgBr. Hy xc nh s mol hn hp u.
A. 0,08 mol.
B. 0,06 mol.
C. 0,03 mol.
D. 0,055 mol.
4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
2HCl + Fe FeCl2 + H2.
14HCl + K2Cr2O7 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O.
54
6HCl + 2Al 2AlCl3 + 3H2.

16HCl + 2KMnO4 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh oxi ha l
A.2.
B.1.
C.4.
D.3.

(a) 4HCl + PbO2 PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
(b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O.
(c) 2HCl + 2HNO32NO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
(d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2.
S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l
A.2.
B.3.
C.1.
D.4.
Cu 23. Cho cc phn ng:

(a) Sn + HCl (long)
(b) FeS + H2SO4 (long)
(c) MnO2 + HCl (c)
(d) Cu + H2SO4 (c)

(e) Al + H2SO4 (long)
(g) FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4
+
S phn ng m H ca axit ng vai tr cht oxi ho l
A.3.
B.5.
C.2.
D.6
Cu 24. Trng hp xy ra phn ng l
A.Cu + Pb(NO3)2(long)
B.Cu + HCl (long)
C.Cu + H2SO4(long)
D.Cu + HCl (long) + O2
Cu 25. Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?

A.Sc kh Cl2vo dung dch FeCl2.
C.Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2.
B.Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2.
D.Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
Cu 26. Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl long l:
A.KNO3, CaCO3, Fe(OH)3.
C.AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3, CuS.
B.FeS, BaSO4, KOH.
D.Mg(HCO3)2, HCOONa, CuO.
Cu 27. Cho cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH c, NH3, KCl. S dung dch phn ng c vi Cu(OH)2
l
A.1.
B.3.
C.2.
D.4.
C.(2), (3), (4).
D.(1), (2), (4).

(1) O3 + dung dch KI
(2) F2 + H2O
(4) Cl2 + dung dch H2S
(3) MnO2 + HCl c
Cc phn ng to ra n cht l:
A.(1), (2), (3).
B.(1), (3), (4).
B. NHM VIA (O, S)
55
Phn nhm chnh nhm VI h thng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc gm cc nguyn t : oxi, lu hunh,
selen, telu v poloni (poloni l nguyn t phng x).
Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong phn nhm chnh u c 6 electron lp ngoi cng ns2 np4.
Cc nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VI c s oxi ha l: -2 (trong hp cht vi hiro v kim loi),
+4 v +6 (trong hp cht vi oxi v nhng phi kim c m in ln hn). Oxi thng c s oxi ho -2
ring trong hp cht OF2, oxi c s oxi ho +2.
Hp cht vi hiro ca cc nguyn t trong phn nhm c dng H2R, tnh bn gim dn t oxi n telu
H2S, H2Se, H2Te l nhng cht kh, c, khi tan trong nc, chng to thnh cc axit yu v mnh ca
axit tng theo chiu tng ca s th t cc nguyn t.
Lu hunh, selen v telu to ra cc oxit RO2 v RO3, axit tng ng vi cc oxit c dng H2RO3 v
H2RO4. mnh ca nhng axit ny gim theo chiu tng ca s th t cc nguyn t.
Oxi v lu hunh l phi kim in hnh, cn telu cng l phi kim nhng c v sng kim loi v dn in.
OXI
1. Tnh cht vt l
Oxi l cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng v, nng hn khng kh mt t. Oxi tan t trong nc ( 20oC, mt lt
nc ch ho tan 31 ml oxi). Di p sut ca kh quyn, oxi ho lng - 183oC.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
Oxi l nguyn t phi kim hot ng mnh, v l cht oxi ha mnh
a. Tc dng vi kim loi: Tc dng vi hu ht cc kim loi, tr Au, Pt ...
4Na + O2
2Na2O
2Mg + O2
2MgO
b. Tc dng vi phi kim: nhiu phi kim chy trong oxi nh P, S, C
4P + 5O2
2P2O5
c. Tc dng vi hp cht: nhiu hp cht chy trong oxi
2H2S + 3O2
2SO2 + 2H2O
3. iu ch oxi
un nng KMnO4, hoc KClO3 , phn hy hiro peoxit, vi xc tc MnO2
2KMnO4
2KClO3
2H2O2
K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
2KCl + 3O2
2H2O + O2
b. Trong cng nghip

Chng ct phn on khng kh lng
in phn nc
2H2O O2 + H2O
OZON V HIRO PEOXIT
I. OZON
Ozon l dng th hnh cc ca nguyn t oxi, ozon c to ra trn tn cao ca kh quyn nh sau:
3O2
2O3
1. Tnh cht vt l ca ozon
L cht kh, mi c trng, mu xanh nht, tan trong nc nhiu hn oxi gp 16 ln
2. Tnh cht ha hc
L cht c tnh oxi ha mnh, hn c oxi
Oxi ha c hu ht cc kim loi, tr Au, Pt
O3 + 2Ag Ag2O + O2
Oxi ha ion I (phn ng ny c th dng nhn ra ozon)
56
O3 + 2KI + H2O 2KOH + I2 + O2

3. ng dng
Mt lng nh ozon lm khng kh trong lnh, lng ln c th gy ng c. ozon cn c dng ty trng,
dit khun, bo qun hoa qu
II. HIRO PEOXIT: H2O2
1. Tnh cht vt l: cht lng khng mu, tan trong nc theo bt k t l no.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
D b phn hy
2H2O2
2H2O + O2
H2O2 va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh
H2O2 + KNO2 H2O + KNO3
H2O2 + 2KI I2 + 2KOH
H2O2 + Ag2O 2Ag + H2O + O2
5H2O2 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 K2SO4 + 8MnSO4 + 5O2 + 8H2O
3. ng dng
Dng lm cht ty trng, cht bo v mi trng, l cht dit trng
LU HUNH
I. TNH CHT VT L
1. Hai dng th hnh ca lu hunh
Lu hunh t phng S v lu hunh n t S, chng khc nhau v cu to tinh th v mt s tnh cht vt
l, ging nhau nhau v tnh cht ha hc. C th chuyn ha ln nhau theo nhit . S bn di 95,9oC, S
bn t 95,5-119 oC.
trng thi rn, mi phn t lu hunh gm 8 nguyn t (S8) khp kn thnh vng. Cu to phn t ca lu
hunh bin i theo nhit , n gin, ta ch vit phn t lu hunh gm 1 nguyn t S.
2. Tnh cht ha hc ca lu hunh
Lu hunh c cc s oxi ha: -2, 0, +4, +6, trong cc phn ng n va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh.
a. Tc dng vi kim loi, hiro
3S + 2Al
Al2S3
S + H2
H2S
S + Hg HgS (ngi ta thng s dng S cho vic thu gom thy ngn)
b. Tc dng vi phi kim
S + O2
SO2
S + 3F2
SF6
3. Sn xut lu hunh
Khai thc lu hunh t do trong lng t
t chy H2S trong iu kin thiu khng kh
2H2S + O2
2S + 2H2O
Dng H2S kh SO2
2H2S + SO2
3S + 2H2O
HIRO SUNFUA
1. Tnh cht vt l: l cht kh khng mu, c mi trng thi, nng hn khng kh, l kh c.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Tnh axit yu: kh ny tan trong nc to thnh axit sunfuhiric
H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O
H2S + 2NaOH Na2S + H2O
b. Tnh kh mnh
Tc dng vi oxi
57
trong khng kh
O2 2S + 2H2O
t chy trong khng kh
2H2S +
2H2S + 3O2
2SO2 + 2H2O
t khi khng cung cp khng kh
2H2S + O2
2S + 2H2O
Tc dng vi clo
H2S + 4Cl2 + 4H2O H2SO4 + 8HCl
3. iu ch
Ch iu ch H2S trong phng th nghim
FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
4. Tnh cht ca mui sunfua
Mui sunfua ca kim loi nhm IA, IIA (tr Be) nh Na2S, K2S tan trong nc, tc dng vi HCl, H2SO4
long.
Na2S + HCl NaCl + H2S
Mui sunfua ca cc kim loi nng nh PbS, CuSkhng tan trong nc, khng tan trong HCl, H2SO4
long.
Mui sunfua ca nhng kim loi cn li nh ZnS, FeS khng tan trong nc, nhng tan trong HCl, H2SO4
long.
ZnS + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2S
Mt s mui sunfua c mu c trng: CdS mu vng, cc mui CuS, Ag2S, FeS mu en.
HP CHT C OXI CA LU HUNH
I. LU HUNH IOXIT (SO2)
1. Tnh cht vt l
L cht kh khng mu, nng hn khng kh, mi hc, c, tan nhiu trong nc. L cht gy nhim mi trng,
gy ma axit.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. L oxit axit
Tan trong nc to axit sunfur
SO2 + H2O
H2SO3
Tc dng vi dung dch baz
SO2 + CaO CaSO3
SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O
b. L cht kh v cht oxi ha
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + 2H2SO4
5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4
SO2 + Mg S + MgO
3. ng dng
Sn xut axit sunfuric; ty trng giy
Chng nm mc cho lng thc v thc phm
4. iu ch
Na2SO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2
Thu SO2 bng cch y khng kh
b. Trong cng nghip
t chy lu hunh
t qung sunfua kim loi nh qung pirit st
58
4FeS2 + 11O2
2Fe2O3 + 8SO2
II. LU HUNH TRIOXIT SO3
1. Tnh cht vt l
L cht lng khng mu, tan v hn trong nc v trong axit sunfuric.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
Tc dng vi H2O
SO3 + H2O H2SO4
Tc dng vi oxit baz, baz
SO3 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O
3. ng dng: iu ch axit sunfuric
H THNG CU TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN
Cu 1. Hn hp kh SO2 v O2 c t khi so vi hiro bng 24. Sau khi un nng vi cht xc tc thu c hn
hp kh mi c t khi so vi H2 bng 30. Thnh phn % v th tch kh SO3 thu c sau phn ng l:
A. 12%
B. 12.5%
C. 15%
D. 50%
Cu 2. Cng thc no di y biu din ng cng thc ca oleum:
A. H2SO4.nSO2
B. H2SO4nH2O
C. H2SO4.nSO3
D. H2SO4.SO3
Cu 3. Hai bnh cu c th tch bng nhau. Np oxi vo bnh cu th nht, np oxi c ozon ha vo bnh cu
th hai, p sut hai bnh nh nhau, t hai bnh ln hai a cn th thy khi lng hai bnh chnh lch 0.21g. Khi
lng Ozon trong Oxi c ozon ha l:
A. 0.63g
B. 0.22g
C. 1.7g
D. 5.3g
Cu 4. Sau khi ozon ha mt th tch oxy th thy th tch gim i 5 ml (cc kh o cng iu kin), th tch
Ozon to thnh v th tch Oxi tham gia phn ng l (ml):
A. 10; 15
B. 5; 7.5
C. 20; 30
D. 10; 20
Cu 5. Ly 32g oxi cho vo bnh kn dung tch 2.24 1t. Thc hin phn ng ozon ha. sau phn ng tr v 00C p
sut o c l 9.5 atm. Tnh t l O2 bin thnh O3?
A. 20%
B. 18%
C. 22%
D. 15%
Cu 6. t chy ht 1g n cht R cn dng 0.7 lt O2 kc. Xc nh R ?
A. S
B. Ca
C. Mg
D. P
Cu 7. Khi ozon tc dng ln giy c tm dung dch tinh bt v kali iotua thy xut hin mu xanh. Hin tng
ny xy ra l do:
A. Qu trnh oxi ha ozon
B. Qu trnh oxi ha kali
C. Qu trnh oxi ha iotua
D. Qu trnh oxi ha tinh bt
Cu 8. Cho hn hp FeS v Fe tc dng vi dd HCl d- thu -c hn hp kh A c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 13. Xc
nh thnh phn % khi l-ng Fe v FeS trong hn hp?
A. 82.5% v 17.5%
B. 75% v 25% C. 73.33% v 26.67%
D. Khng xc nh -c.
Cu 9. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta iu ch oxi bng cch
A.in phn nc.
C.nhit phn KClO3 c xc tc MnO2.
B.nhit phn Cu(NO3)2.
D.chng ct phn on khng kh lng.
Cu 10. Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 (va ), thu
59
c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l
A.0,04.
B.0,075.
C.0,12.
D.0,06.
Cu 11. Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H2SO4 0,1M
(va ). Sau phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l
(cho H = 1, O = 16, Mg = 24, S = 32, Fe = 56, Zn = 65)
A.6,81 gam.
B.4,81 gam.
C.3,81 gam.
D.5,81 gam.
Cu 12. Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS2 to ra sn phm CuO, Fe2O3 v SO2 th mt phn t CuFeS2 s
A.nhn 13 electron.
C.nhng 13 electron.
B.nhn 12 electron.
D.nhng 12 electron.
Cu 13. Hn hp X cha Na2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng nhau. Cho
hn hp X vo H2O (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha
A.NaCl, NaOH, BaCl2.
C.NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, BaCl2.
B.NaCl, NaOH.
D.NaCl.
Cu 14. Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng (d), thot ra 0,112 lt
( ktc) kh SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A.FeS.
B.FeS2.
C.FeO
D.FeCO3.
Cu 15. Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh (d).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht l
Fe2O3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau, mi lin h gia
a v b l (bit sau cc phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc cht rn l khng ng k)
A.a = 0,5b.
B.a = b.
C.a = 4b.
D.a = 2b.
Cu 17. Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gamFeCl3. Gi tr ca m l
A.9,75.
B.8,75.
C.7,80.
D.6,50.
Cu 18. Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn (c chamt oxit) nng
0,95m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l
A.95,00%.
B.25,31%.
C.74,69%.
D.64,68%.
Cu 19. Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH)2 bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 20% thu c dung dch
mui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l
A. Cu.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Mg.

H2S + O2 (d)
Kh X + H2O
850,
NH3 + O2
Kh Y + H2O
NH4HCO3 + HCl long Kh Z + NH4Cl + H2O
Cc kh X, Y, Z thu c ln lt l:
A.SO3, NO, NH3.
B.SO2, N2, NH3.
C.SO2, NO, CO2.
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 CaOCl2 + H2O
2NO2 + 2NaOH NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O
D.SO3, N2, CO2.
2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O
4KClO3
KCl + 3KClO4
60
O3 O2 + O
S phn ng oxi ho kh l
A.5.
B.2.
C.3.
D.4.
C. NHM VA (N.P)
KHI QUT V NHM NIT
1. Cc nguyn t nhm Nit: hay cn gi l cc nguyn t nhm VA trong bng h thng tun hon, bao gm
cc nguyn t nit (N), photpho (P), asen (As), atimon (Sb), bitmut (Bi)
Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l: ns2np3, n c th c ha tr 5 hoc 3 trong cc hp cht
2. S bin i tnh oxi ha-tnh kh ca cc n cht:
Cc nguyn t nhm Nit va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh trong cc hp cht. S oxi ha cao nht l +5, ngoi
ra chng cn c s oxi ha +3, -3. Ring N c s oxi ha +1, +2, +4.
Tnh oxi ha gim dn t N n Bi, tng ng vi tnh phi kim v tnh kim loi.
3. S bin i tnh cht ca cc hp cht
a. Hp cht vi hidro
Cc nguyn t nhm N to thnh hp cht hidrua vi hidro: RH3. bn nhit ca cc hidrua gim dn t N n
Bi. Dun dch ca chung khng c tnh axit.
b. Oxit v hidroxit
bn ca cc hp cht vi s oxi ha +3 tng , bn ca cc hp cht vi s oxi ha +5 ni chung gim
N2O5, P2O5: l nhng oxit axit, hidroxit ca chng l axit: HNO3, H3PO4.
As2O3: l oxit lng tnh, tnh axit tri hn tnh baz.
Sb2O3: l oxit lng tnh, tnh baz tri hn tnh axit.
Bi2O3: l oxit baz, d tan trong dung dch axit v hu nh khng tan trong kim.
NIT
Tnh cht vt l ca nit
Nit (N2) l mt cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng v, chim khong 4/5 th tch khng kh v nh hn khng
kh. Nit tan rt t trong nc. Nit ha lng -195.8oC v ha rn -210oC. Nit khng duy tr s chy v s h
hp.
Tnh cht ha hc
Nit va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh, nhng tnh oxi ha tri hn tnh kh.
1. Tnh oxi ha
a. Tc dng vi hidro
N2 + 3H2 2NH3 , phn ng ta nhiu nhit
b. Tc dng vi kim loi ta hp cht nitrua:
nhit thng ch tc dng vi Li
6Li + N2 2Li3N
nhit cao, tc dng vi cc kim loi nh: Ca, Mg, Al
3Mg + N2
2. Tnh kh
Mg3N2
N2 + O2 2NO ( nhit khong 3000oC)
NO + O2 NO2
iu ch
1. Trong cng nghip
Ngi ta c iu ch N2 bng cch ct phn on khng kh lng. H nhit xung rt thp khng kh ha
lng. Sau nng nhit ln dn n 196oC th N2 si v bay ln, cn li O2, v O2 c nhit si cao hn (183oC).
2. Trong phng th nghim
61

NH4NO2
2H2O + N2
NH4Cl + NaNO2
N2 + NaCl + 2H2O
ng dng ca nit
Mt lng rt ln N2 iu ch c dng tng hp NH3 (v t NH3 li iu ch ra nhiu hp cht quan trng
khc).
Ngoi ra, trong mt s ngnh cng nghip (luyn kim, thc phm, in t...) c dng to mi trng tr.
AMONIAC V MUI AMONI, MUI NITRAT
Tnh cht vt l
Amoniac l mt cht kh khng mu, mi khai v xc, nh hn khng kh (khi lng ring D = 0,76g/l). C th
thu amoniac bng cch y khng kh. Amoniac tan nhiu trong nc to thnh dung dch amoniac.
Tnh cht ha hc
1. Tnh baz yu
a. Tc dng vi nc
NH3 + H2O = NH4+ + OH
Amoniac tan trong nc cho dung dch amoniac lm cho phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn thnh mu hng, qu
tm chuyn sang mu xanh.
b. Tc dng vi axit
NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl
c. Tc dng vi dung dch mui
2. Kh nng to phc
Dung dch amoniac c kh nng ho tan hidroxit hoc mui t tan ca mt s kim loi, to thnh phc cht.
Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+(OH)2
Hoc
Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OHAgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]+Cl
Hoc
AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + OH3. Tnh kh
a. Tc dng vi oxi
Amoniac chy trong khng kh vi ngn la mu vng
4NH3 + 3O2 = 2N2 + 6H2O
Khi c xc tc, to thnh kh NO
4NH3 + 5O2 = 4NO + 6H2O
b. Phn ng vi clo: Kh NH3 t bc chy trong kh clo
2NH3 + 3Cl2 = 6HCl + N2
c. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi
2NH3 + 3CuO
3Cu + N2 + 3H2O
iu ch
Trong phng th nghim
Trong cng nghip

N2 + 3H2 2NH3
phn ng ta nhit
MUI AMONI
I. TNH CHT VT L
L nhng tinh th ion, tt c mui amoni u tan nhiu trong nc, ion NH4+ khng mu.
62
II. TNH CHT HA HC

1. Tc dng vi dung dch kim (phn ng nhn bit ion NH4+)
(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH
Na2SO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
NH4+ +
OH
NH3 + H2O
2. Phn ng nhit phn
Mui amoni cha gc axit khng c tnh oxi ha khi b un nng phn hy thnh amoniac.
VD:
NH4Cl (r)
NH3 (k) + HCl (k)
(NH4)2CO3 NH3 + NH4HCO3
NH4HCO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2O
Mui amoni cha gc ca axit c tnh oxi ha nh: HNO2, HNO3 khi b un nng cho ra N2, N2O v H2O
(phn ng iu ch cc kh ny trong phng th nghim).
NH4NO2
N2 + 2H2O
NH4NO3
N2O + 2H2O
MUI NITRAT
1. Tnh cht vt l
Cc mui nitrat u tan, phn li hon trong nc, ion NO3 khng mu, nn mu ca mui nitrat l do cation kim
loi to thnh.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
Cc mui nitrat u d b nhit phn
Mui nitrat ca kim loi hot ng mnh (ng trc Mg) b nhit phn to thnh
Mui nitrir v gii phng O2
KNO3
KNO2 + 1/2O2
Mui nitrat ca kim loi
NO2, O2
Mg(NO3)2
Mui nitrat
NO2, O2
Mg
MgO + 2NO2 + 1/2O2

ca kim loi Ag, Au,
Cu,
Hg..
nhit
phn
phn
hy
to
thnh
thnh
kim
oxit
loi
kim
loi,
tng
ng,
2AgNO3
2Ag + NO2 + O2
3. Nhn bit ion nitrat
nhn bit ion nitrat ngi ta un nng nh dung dch cha NO3 vi kim loi ng v H2SO4 long, hin tng
l to dung dch mu xanh, kh mu nu thot ra.
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
4. ng dng
- Lm phn bn: NaNO3, NH4NO3
- Thuc sng en khng khi : 75% KNO3,10% S v 15% C.
PHOTPHO
Tnh cht vt l
Hai dng th hnh quan trng ca nguyn t photpho l photpho trng v photpho
1. Photpho trng
L khi trong sut trng ging nh sp, c cu trc mng tinh th phn t. Photpho trng mm, d nng chy
(nng chy nhit 440C), d bay hi (si 2870C), khng tan trong nc (dung mi c cc), nhng tan trong
mt s dung mi khng cc nh benzen.., rt c, d gy bng.V vy phi ht sc cn thn khi dng photpho
63
trng. Ngay iu kin thng photpho trng b oxi ha t t bi oxi ca khng kh. (Do vy, bo qun
photpho trng phi ngm n trong nc). S oxi ha chm ny km theo nh sng pht ra, mu lc nht, nhn thy
c khi trong ti, gi l s pht quang ho hc
2. Photpho
L mt cht bt mu , c cu trc phc tp , photpho kh nng chy hn, trong hong t 5000 C n 6000C
n mi t t ho lng, v nu thc hin di p sut cao n s thng hoa. Photpho khng tan trong bt k dung
mi no, khng c.
Di tc dng ca nhit hoc nh sng photpho trng chuyn dn thnh photpho . Ngc li, khi nung nng
khng c khng kh lm cho photpho thng hoa, ri ngui th hi ca n ngng t li thnh photpho trng.
Tnh cht ha hc
Do lin kt trong phn t photpho km bn, nn n hot ng mnh hn nit k thng
1. Tnh oxi ha
Th hin r khi tc dng vi kim loi, to photphua kim loi
2P + 3Ca
2. Tnh kh
a. Tc dng vi oxi
Ca3P2
Thiu oxi:
D oxi :
4P + 3O2 2P2O3 (iphotpho trioxit)

4P + 5O2 2P2O5 (iphotpho pentaoxit)
b. Tc dng vi clo
Khi cho clo qua P nng chy s thu c cc hp cht sau:
Thiu clo:
2P + 3Cl2 2PCl3
D clo :
2P + 5Cl2 2PCl5
c. Tc dng vi cc hp cht c tnh oxi ha mnh
6P + 5KClO3
3P2O5 + 5KCl
Trng thi t nhin v iu ch

1. Hai khong vt chnh ca photpho l: apatit 3 Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2 v photphorit Ca3(PO4)2
2. iu ch
Ca3(PO4)2 + 3SiO2 + 5C
3CaSiO3 + 2P + 5CO
AXIT PHOTPHORIC V MUI PHOTPHAT
I. AXIT PHOTPHORIC
1. Tnh cht vt l ca axit photphoric
H3PO4 l mt cht rn, khng mu, nng chy 42.50C. N d chy nc (ht hi nc trong khng kh m), v
tan trong nc theo bt k t l no.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Tnh oxi ha kh: khc vi HNO3, H3PO4 khng c tnh oxi ha
b. Tc dng bi nhit
2H3PO4
H4P2O7 + H2O
H4P2O7
2HPO3 + H2O
Cc axit trn c th cng nc tr v axit ban u
c. Tnh axit
H3PO4 l mt axit trung bnh, n yu hn so vi cc axit HCl, H2SO4, HNO3...
Trong dung dch, H3PO4 in li theo ba nc v ngay nc 1 cng ch in li mt phn, nc 2, nc 3 s in li li
cng yu hn. Cc phng trnh in li :
64
H3PO4
H+ + H2PO4
H2PO4
H+ + HPO42
HPO42
H+ + PO43
Dung dch H3PO4 c cc tnh cht ha hc ca dung dch axit. Lm qu tm ha ,
tc dng vi dung dch baz v oxit baz.Trong cc tng tc ny, tu theo lng ca H3PO4 v lng cht tc
dng s cho nhng sn phm mui trung ho hay mui axit hoc hn hp mui.
H3PO4 + NH3 = NH4H2PO4
Amoni ihirophotphat
H3PO4 + 2NH3 = (NH4)2HPO4
Amoni hirophotphat
H3PO4 + 3NH3 = (NH4)3PO4
Amoni photphat
3. iu ch v ng dng
P + 5HNO3
H3PO4 + 5NO2 + H2O
b. Trong cng nghip

Cho H2SO4 c tc dng vi qung photphorit hoc qung apatit
Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2PO4
3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4
Cch ny cho axit tinh khit v nng cao hn
P + O2
P2O5
P2O5 + 3H2O H3PO4
II. MUI PHOTPHAT
Tng ng vi H3PO4 c ba dy mui : mui trung ho (photphat) v hai mui axit ( hirophotphat v
ihirophotphat).
1. Tnh cht
a. Tnh tan
Tt c cc mui trung ho v mui axit ca kim loi kim v amoni u tan trong nc. Vi cc kim loi khc ch
mui ihirophotphat l tan c, ngoi ra u khng tan hoc tan t trong nc.
b. Phn ng thy phn
Cc mui photphat tan b thy phn trong dung dch
V d: Na3PO4 khi thy phn to mi trng kim, lm qu ha xanh
2. Nhn bit ion photphat
3Ag+ + PO43 Ag3PO4mu vng
PHN BN HA HC
Phn m
Phn m cung cp nit ho hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat NO3 v ion amoni NH4+.
Phn m c nh gi theo t l % v khi lng ca nguyn t N.
1. Phn m amoni
l cc loi mui amoni : NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3 c iu ch khi cho amoniac tc dng vi axit
tng ng.
Mui amoni c kh nng lm cho t chua thm (c pH < 7), do ch thch hp cho loi t t chua, hoc c
kh chua t trc (dng CaCO3 hoc CaO).
2. Phn m ure
Ure, (NH2)2CO l loi phn m tt nht hin nay, c t l %N rt cao (46%), khng lm thay i axit - baz
ca t do thch hp vi nhiu loi t trng.
c iu ch bng cch sau
CO2+ 2NH3
(NH2)2CO + H2O
65
Trong t, ure bin i ln thnh amoni cacbonat theo phn ng sau :

(NH2)2CO + 2H2O = (NH4)2CO3
3. Phn m nitrat.
l cc mui nitrat : NaNO3, Ca(NO3)2 ... Cc mui ny c iu ch nh sau :
2HNO3 + CaCO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
Phn m nitrat c dng tinh th to, d tan nhng d chy nc, kh bo qun. T l %N thc t li thp v thng
l ln nc. Phn m nitrat dng thch hp cho nhng vng t chua v mn.
Phn ln
Phn ln cung cp photpho ha hp cho cy di dng ion photphat PO43- .Phn ln nh gi theo t l % khi
lng P2O5 tng ng vi lng photpho c trong thnh phn ca n.
Nguyn liu ch bin phn ln l qung apatit v photphorit, qung c nghin thnh bt, c thnh phn chnh
l Ca3(PO4)2.
Supephotphat.
a) Supephotphat n: cha 14-20% P2O5, cch iu ch l trn bt qung photphat vi dung dch axit sunfuric
c, phn ng sau y xy ra :
Ca3(PO4)2 + 2H2SO4 = Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2CaSO4
Supephotphat n l hn hp ca canxi ihirophotphat v thch cao.
b) Supephotphat kp: cha 40-50% P2O5, cch iu ch l trn bt qung photpht vi axit photphoric, phn ng
sau y xy ra :
Ca3(PO4)2 + 4H3PO4 = 3Ca(H2PO4)2
Phn kali
Phn kali cung cp cho cy trng nguyn t kali di dng nguyn t ion K+.Phn kali c nh gi theo t
l % v khi lng ca kali oxit K2O tng ng vi lng kali c trong thnh phn ca n.
Cc loi mui thng dng lm phn kali: KCl, K2SO4, kali cacbonat (c trong tro thc vt) K2CO3 .
Mt s loi phn ha hc khc
1. Phn hn hp v phn phc hp
Phn hn hp: cha c ba nguyn t N, P, K c gi l phn NPK
Vd: Nitrophotka l hn hp (NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3
Phn phc hp: l hn hp cc cht c to ra ng thi bng tng tc ha hc ca cc cht
Vd: Amophot l hn hp cc mui NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4 thu c khi cho amoniac tc dng vi axit
photphoric.
2. Phn vi lng
Phn vi lng cung cp cho cy trng cc nguyn t nh Bo (B), Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo dng hp cht. Cy ch cn
rt nh phn ny cho vic kch thch qu trnh sinh trng, trao i cht
Cu 1. iu ch HNO3 trong phng th nghim, cc ho cht cn s dng l:
A. Dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch H2SO4 c.
B. NaNO3 tinh th v dung dch H2SO4 c.
C. Dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch HCl c.
D. NaNO3 tinh th v dung dch HCl c.
Cu 2. Cho 0.64 gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0.1 M v H2SO4 0.1M thy sinh ra V lt
mt cht kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh v dung dch A. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 67.2 ml.
B. 44.8 ml.
C. 56 ml.
D. 48 ml.
Cu 3. NH3 b ln hi nc, mun c NH3 khan c th dng ha cht no trong s cc cht cho sau loi b hi
nc?
A. H2SO4 c.
B. CaO.
C. P2O5.
D. dung dch CuSO4.
66
Cu 4. Nhit phn 2.84 g hn h p 2 mui nitrat ca kim loi ho tr 2 v kim loi ho tr 3, thu c hn hp 2
oxit kim loi tng ng v 224 ml kh (ktc). Khi lng hn hp oxit thu c trn l:
A.2.38g
B.2.408g
C.2.502g
D.Khng d kin xc nh
Cu 5. P hot ng ha hc km hn P trng v:
A. P c cu to mng tinh th, P trng c khng c cu to mng tinh th.
B. P trng cu to mng tinh th phn t (do cc phn t P4 lin kt vi nhau) cn P c cu to mch
polime.
C. P trng c cu to mch tinh th nguyn t nn hot ng ha hc mnh hn P c cu to mch
polime.
D. P c cu to mng tinh th nguyn t nn bn vng hn P trng c cu to mng tinh th phn t.
Cu 6. Cho dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch cha AlCl3; FeCl2 thu uc kt ta A. Nung A c cht rn B. Cho
lung kh hiro i qua B nung nng s thu c cht rn:
A. Fe v Al
B. FeO v Al2O3
C. Al v FeO D. Fe v Al2O3
Cu 7. Cho 22.41 kh NH3 (kc) vo bnh c V = 11.2 lt. Nung bnh mt thi gian sau tr v 00C th thy p
sut trong bnh l 2.4 atm. Thm vo bnh 5.6 lt dd H2SO4 0.2M. Lc tht k, tnh p sut sau khi tr v 00C v s
mol cc cht cn li trong dung dch cui:
A. 0.8 atm; 0.8mol NH4HSO4; 0.32mol H2SO4
B. 2.8 atm; 0.15mol (NH4)2SO4; 0.13 mol H2SO4
C. 1.8 atm; 0.25mol (NH4)2SO4; 0.16mol H2SO4
D. 2.4 atm; 0.3mol (NH4)2SO4; 0.12mol H2SO4
Cu 8. Nung 10.1 g mt mui nitrat kim loi kim, khi lng cht rn thu c gim 15.84% so vi khi lng
mui ban u, kim loi kim v th tch kh thu c ln lt l:
A. Na;1.12 1t
B. K; 22.4 1t
C. K; 1.12 1t
D. Li; 1.12 1t
Cu 9. Dy mui nitrat no trong 4 dy di y khi b nung nng phn hy cho mui nitrit v oxi?
A. LiNO3; Cu(NO3)2; Mg(NO3)2
B. Mg(NO3)2; Ba(NO3)2;Fe(NO3)2
C. NaNO3; Ca(NO3)2 ; Mg(NO3)2
D. NaNO3; KNO3; Ca(NO3)2
Cu 10. Khi cho t t dung dch NH3 v dung dch CuSO4 cho n d th:
A. Khng thy kt ta xut hin
B. C kt ta xut hin sau tan to dd mu xanh c trng
C. C kt qu keo xanh xut hin v khng tan.
D. Sau mt thi gian mi thy kt ta xut hin.
Cu 11. Kh NH3 c ln hi nc. Dng ha cht no sau y lm kh:
A. H2SO4 c
B. CaCl2 khan
C. CuSO4 khan
D. P2O5
Cu 12. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng iu ch HNO3 t
A.NaNO2 v H2SO4c.
B.NH3 v O2.
C.NaNO3 v H2SO4c.
D.NaNO3 v HCl c.
Cu 13. Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l
A.Ca3(PO4)2.
B.NH4H2PO4.
C.Ca(H2PO4)2.
D.CaHPO4.
Cu 14. Trong phng th nghim, iu ch mt lng nh kh X tinh khit, ngi ta un nng dung
dch amoni nitrit bo ho. Kh X l
A.NO.
B.NO2.
C.N2O.
D.N2.
67
Cu 15. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3
long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung
dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l

A.38,72.
B.35,50.
C.49,09.
D.34,36.
.
Cu 16. Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c
4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300 ml dung dch Y.
Dung dch Y c pH bng
A.4.
B.2.
C.1.
D.3.
Cu 17. Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s mol mui
tng ng. t mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c mu vng. Haimui X, Y ln lt l:
A.KMnO4, NaNO3.
B.Cu(NO3)2, NaNO3.
C.CaCO3, NaNO3.
D.NaNO3, KNO3.
Cu 18. Hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2v AgNO3. Thnh phn % khi lng ca nit trong X l 11,864%.
C th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp ba kim loi t 14,16 gam X?
A.10,56 gam.
B.3,36 gam.
C.7,68 gam.
D.6,72 gam.
Cu 19. Nhit phn mt lng AgNO3c cht rn X v hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b Y vo mtlng d H O, thu
2
c dung dch Z. Cho ton b X vo Z, X ch tan mt phn v thot ra kh NO(sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca X phnng l
A.70%.
B.25%.
C.60%.
D.75%.
Cu 20. Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l
A.2KNO3 2KNO2+ O2.
B.NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O.
C.NH4Cl
NH3 + HCl.
D.NaHCO3 NaOH + CO2.
68
GII TON V P/ GIA H3PO4 VI DUNG DCH KIM

NI DUNG PHNG PHP
*Nguyn tc: cn c vo phng trnh phn ng:
H 3 PO4 OH H 2 PO4 H 2O (1)
nP2O5 nH 2 PO4 H 3 PO4 2OH HPO4 2 2H 2O (2)

H 3 PO4 3OH PO43 3H 2O (3)
n H3PO4 v n OH , xc nh sn phm, ta lp t l: T
Nn khi bit
nOH
nH3 PO4
Ta c cc trng hp :
Phn ng xy ra
Sn phm
<1
Mui H 2 PO4 ( v H3PO4 d)
Mui H 2 PO4
1<T<2
1, 2
2
Mui H 2 PO4 v HPO4
2
Mui HPO4
2<T<3
2, 3
3
2
Mui PO4 v HPO4
3
Mui PO4
>3
3
Mui PO4 (v OH-)
:
VD1 Cho 100ml dung dch H3PO4 3M tc dng vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 2.5M. Khi lng mui to thnh B
: Trng
O5 tcdch
dngto
vithnh:
dung dch kim , ta cho P2O5 + H2O H3PO4. T nP2O5 nH 2 PO4 v
vCh
nng
mol/lhp
caP2dung
A.sau
12g;
0.33M;
0.67M
B.12g; 28.4g; 0.36M; 0.76M
28.4g;
xt H3PO
4 vi dung dch kim.
C. 21g; 24.8g; 0.33M; 0.67M
D. 18g; 38.4g; 0.43M; 0.7M
Bi gii:
Cc pthh c th xy ra:
NaOH + H3PO4 NaH2PO4 + H2O
(1)
2NaOH + H3PO4 Na2HPO4 + 2H2O
(2)
3NaOH + H3PO4 Na3PO4 + 3H2O
(3)
100
x3 0,3mol
Ta c: nH3 PO4
1000
20
nNaOH
x 2,5 0,5(mol )
1000
n
0,5
1, 67 2
Nhn thy t l: 1 NaOH
nH3 PO4 0,3
69
Vy xy ra c hai phn ng (1) v (2) v to ra hai mui NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4 (khng c p (3))
t nNaH2 PO4 a(mol ); nNa2 HPO4 bmol . t (1.2) ta c:
nNaOH a 2b 0,5 a 0,1mol
0,3
H
PO
b 0, 2mol
3 4
mNaH 2 PO4 120.0,1 12 g
mNa2 HPO4 142.0, 2 28, 4 g
Vddsau 100 200 300ml 0,3l
0,1
0,33M
0,3
0, 2
0, 67 M
0,3
CM NaH PO
2
CM Na HPO
2
Cu 1. Cho vo 500ml dung dch c cha 7.28 g KOH; 3.55g P2O5 . Gi s th tch ca dung dch thay i khng
ng k. Nng mol/l ca cc mui trong dung dch thu c l:
A. 0.04M; 0.06M B. 0.05M; 0.06M
C. 0.04M; 0.08M
D. 0.06M; 0.09M
Cu 2. Cho 100ml dung dch H3PO4 1.5M tc dng vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 2.5M. Khi lng mui to thnh
v nng mol/l ca dung dch to thnh l:
A. 6g; 14.2g; 0.25M; 0.5M
B. 6g; 12.4g; 0.52M; 0.5M
C. 6g; 14.2g; 0.52M; 0.05M
D. 6g; 12.4g; 0.25M; 0.5M
Cu 3. Cho 1.42g P2O5 vo dung dch cha 1.12g KOH. Khi lng mui thu c l:
A. 2.27g
B. 2.72g
C. 2.30g
D. 2.9g
Cu 4. Cho dung dch cha 19.6g H3PO4 vo tc dng vi dung dch cha 22g NaOH. Mui g c to thnh v
khi lng l bao nhiu?
A. Na2HPO4 v Na3PO4; 7.1g v 14.6g
B. NaH2PO4 v Na3PO4; 7.5g v 16.4g
C. Na2HPO4 v Na3PO4; 1.7g v 14.6g
D. NaH2PO4 v Na3PO4; 5.7g v 15.8g
Cu 5. Cho 200ml dung dch H3PO4 1.5M tc dng vi 250ml dung dch NaOH 2M. sau phn ng thu c mui
v c khi lng l bao nhiu?
A. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4; 12g v 28.4g
B. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4; 28g v 12g
C. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4; 14g v 30g
D. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4; 21g v 30g
Cu 6. Cho 20g dung dch H3PO4 37.11% tc dng va vi NH3 th thu c 10g mui photphat amoni A.
Cng thc ca mui A l:
A. (NH4)2HPO4
B. NH4H2PO4
C. (NH4)3PO4 D. Khng xc nh c.
Cu 7. S ml dung dch NaOH 1M trn ln vi 50ml dung dch H3PO4 1M thu c mui trung ha l:
A. 150ml
B. 100ml
C. 200ml
D. 112ml
Cu 8. Oxi ha hon ton 6.2g P ri ha tan sn phm vo 25ml dung dch NaOH 25%(d= 1.28g/ml). Mui to
thnh c cng thc nh th no?
A. NaH2PO4
B. Na2HPO4
C. Na3PO4
D. NaH2PO4 ; Na2HPO4
Cu 9. Rt dung dch cha 11.76 g H3PO4 vo dung dch cha 16.80g KOH. Khi lng ca tng mui thu c
sau khi cho dung dch bay hi n kh l:
A. 12.72g K3PO4 v 10.44g K2HPO4
B. 12.87g K3PO4 v 10.44g K2HPO4
C. 12.78g K3PO4 v 14.04g K2HPO4
D. 21.78g K3PO4 v 40.44g K2HPO4
Cu 10. Cho 1.42g P2O5 vo dung dch cha 1.12g KOH. Khi lng mui thu c l:
70

A. 2.72g
B. 2.27g

C. 2.30g
D. 2.9g
Cu 11. Cho 142g P2O5 vo 500ml dung dch H3PO4 23.72% c dung dch A. Nng H3PO4 trong dung dch
A l bao nhiu?
A. 63%
B. 56%
C. 49%
D. 32%
Cu 12. Trn ln 100ml dung dch KOH 1M vi 50ml dung dch H3PO4 1M c dung dch X. Nng mol/l
ca mui tan trong dung dch X l:
A. 0.66M
B. 0.33M
C. 0.44M
D. 0.55M
Cu 13. Trn ln 150ml dung dch KOH 1M vi 50ml dd H3PO4 1M th nng mol ca mui trong dung dch
thu c l:
A. 0.33M
B. 0.25M
C. 0.44M
D. 1.1M
Cu 14. Thm 0.15 mol KOH vo dung dch cha 0.1 mol H3PO4. Sau p, trong dung dch c cc mui:
A. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4
B. K2HPO4 v K3PO4
C. KH2PO4 v K3PO4
D.KH2PO4. K2HPO4 v K3PO4
Cu 15. Cho 0,1 mol P2O5 vo dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c c cc cht:
A.K3PO4, K2HPO4.
B.K2HPO4, KH2PO4.
C.K3PO4, KOH. D.H3PO4, KH2PO4.
Cu 16. Dung dch cha a mol NaOH tc dng vi dung dch cha b mol H3PO4 sinh ra hn hp Na2HPO4 +
a
Na3PO4. T s l
b
a
a
a
a
A. 1 < < 2.
B. 3.
C. 2 < < 3.
D. 1.
b
b
b
b
Cu 17. Dung dch A c a mol NH4+, b mol Mg2+, c mol SO42 v d mol HCO3. Biu thc no biu th s lin
quan gia a, b, c, d sau y l ng?
A. a + 2b = c + d.
B. a + 2b = 2c + d.
C. a + b = 2c + d.
D. a + b = c+ d.
E. NHM IVA(C)
DNG TON OXIT AXIT (CO2, SO2, P2O5) TC DNG DD KIM ( NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2).
MUI CACBONAT
Cu 1. Nung 13.4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II. thu c 6.8 gam cht rn v kh X.
Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l?
A. 5.8gam
B. 6.5gam
C. 4.2gam
D. 6.3gam
Cu 2. X l hn hp rn gm MgCO3, CaCO3, Cho 31.8 gam X tc dng vi 0.8 lt dung dch HCl 1M. Ch ra
pht biu ng:
A. X cn d sau phn ng
B. acid cn d sau phn ng
C. X phn ng va vi acid
D. C 8.96lt CO2 (ktc) bay ra
Cu 3. Hp th ht V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch NaOH x mol/l c 10.6 gam Na2CO3 v 8.4 gam
NaHCO3. Ga tr V, x ln lt l?
A. 4.48 lt v 1M
B. 4.48 lt v 1.5M
C. 6.72 lt v 1M
D. 5.6 lt v 2M
Cu 4. Hp th ht CO2 vo dung dch NaOH dc dung dch A. Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau:
71
Cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo phn 1 c a gam kt ta.

Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo phn 2 c b gam kt ta.
Cho bit a < b, Dung dch A cha:
A. Na2CO3
C. NaOH v NaHCO3
B. NaHCO3
D. NaHCO3. Na2CO3
Cu 5. Dn V lt CO2 (kc) vo 300ml dd Ca(OH)2 0.5 M. Sau phn ng thu c 10g kt ta. Vy V bng
A. 2.24 lt
B. 3.36 lt
C. 4.48 lt
D. C A. C u ng
Cu 6. Hp thu ht CO2 vo dung dch NaOH c dung dch A. Bit rng:
- Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch A th phi mt 50ml dd HCl 1M mi thy bt u c kh thot ra.
- Cho dd Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch A c 7.88 gam kt ta. Dung dch A cha?
A. Na2CO3
B. NaHCO3
C. NaOH v Na2CO3
D. NaHCO3. Na2CO3
Cu 7. Hp th ton b 0.896 lt CO2 vo 3 lt dd Ca(OH)2 0.01M c?
A. 1g kt ta
B. 2g kt ta
C. 3g kt ta
D. 4g kt ta
Cu 8. Hp th ton b 0.3 mol CO2 vo dung dch cha 0.25 mol Ca(OH)2, khi lng dung dch sau phn ng
tng hay gim bao nhiu gam?
A. Tng 13.2 gam
B. Tng 20 gam
C. Gim 16.8 gam
D Gim 6.8 gam
Cu 9. Hp th ton b x mol CO2 vo dung dch cha 0.03 mol Ca(OH)2 c 2gam kt ta. Ch ra gi tr x?
A. 0.02mol v 0.04 mol
B. 0.02mol v 0.05 mol
C. 0.01mol v 0.03 mol
D. 0.03mol v 0.04 mol
Cu 10. Thi CO2 vo cha 0.02 mol Ba(OH)2. Gi tr khi lng kt ta bin thin trong khong no khi CO2
bin thin t 0.005 n 0.024 mol?
A. 0-3.94g
B. 0-0.985g
C. 0.985 3.94 g
D. 0.985 3.152g
Cu 11. Sc 2.24 lt CO2 (kc) vo 100ml dd Ca(OH)2 0.5 M v KOH 2M. Khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn
ng l:
A. 5g
B. 30g
C. 10g
D.0g
Cu 12. Cho 112ml kh CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton bi 400ml dung dch nc vi trong, ta thu c 0.1g kt
ta. Nng mol/l ca dung dch nc vi trong l:
A. 0.0075M
B. 0.075M
C. 0.025M
B. 0.0025M
Cu 13. Ha tan hon ton 11.2 g CaO vo nc ta thu c dung dch A. Nu cho kh cacbonic sc qua dung
dch A v sau khi kt thc th nghim thy c 2.5g kt ta. S lt CO2 tham gia phn ng l:
A. 0.56 lt; 8.4 lt
B. 0.6 lt; 8.4 lt
C. 0.56 lt; 8.9 lt
D. 0.65 lt; 4.8 lt
Cu 14. Ha tan 5.8 gam hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v FeCO3 trong mt lng dung dch H2SO4 long d ta thu c
dung dch Y v kh Z. Nh t t dung dch thuc tm vo dung dch Y th c hin tng. Khi ht hin tng th
tn ht 160ml dung dch thuc tm 0.05M. Thu ton b kh Z cho hp th ht vo 100ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0.2M
th thu c m gam kt ta trng . Phn trm khi lng cc cht trong hn hp X v khi lng kt ta (m) l:
A. % Fe3O4 = 40% v %FeCO3 = 60%; m = 1.97 gam.
B. % Fe3O4 = 50% v %FeCO3 = 50%; m = 1.97 gam.
C. % Fe3O4 = 60% v %FeCO3 = 40%; m = 1.97 gam.
D. % Fe3O4 = 40% v %FeCO3 = 60%; m = 1.87 gam.
Cu 15. Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3ng thi khuy u, thu c V
72
lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc
lin h gia V vi a, b l:
A.V = 22,4(a - b).
B.V = 11,2(a - b).
C.V = 11,2(a + b).
D.V = 22,4(a + b).
Cu 16. Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn
v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng
l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23)
A.5,8 gam.
B.6,5 gam.
C.4,2 gam.
D.6,3 gam.
Cu 17. Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra 8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc).
Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO3.MgCO3 trong loi qung nu trn l
A.40%.
B.50%.
C.84%.
D.92%.
Cu 18. Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng git cho n ht 200 ml
dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A.4,48.
B.3,36.
C.2,24.
D.1,12.
Cu 19. Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca cc kim loi ho tr (I) v mui cacbonat ca
kim loi ho tr (II) trong dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). em c cn dung dch thu
c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 13 gam.
B. 15 gam.
C. 26 gam.
D. 30 gam.
Cu 20. Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm CaCO3 v Na2CO3 thu c 11,6 gam cht rn v 2,24 lt
kh (ktc). Hm lng % CaCO3 trong X l
A. 6,25%.
B. 8,62%.
C. 50,2%.
D. 62,5%.
Cu 21. Ha tan hon ton 2,84 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi phn nhm IIA v thuc hai chu
k lin tip trong bng tun hon bng dung dch HCl ta thu c dung dch X v 672 ml CO2 ( ktc).
1. Hy xc nh tn cc kim loi.
A. Be, Mg.
B. Mg, Ca.
C. Ca, Ba.
D. Ca, Sr.
2. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 2 gam.
B. 2,54 gam.
C. 3,17 gam.
D. 2,95 gam.
Cu 22. Trn 100 ml dung dch A (gm KHCO3 1M v K2CO3 1M) vo 100 ml dung dch B (gm NaHCO3 1M
v Na2CO3 1M) thu c dung dch C.Nh t t 100 ml dung dch D (gm H2SO4 1M v HCl 1M) vo dung dch
C thu c V lt CO2 (ktc) v dung dch E. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 ti d vo dung dch E th thu c m gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 82,4 gam v 2,24 lt.
B. 4,3 gam v 1,12 lt.
C. 43 gam v 2,24 lt.
D. 3,4 gam v 5,6 lt
Cu 23. C 1 lt dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 0,1 mol/l v (NH4)2CO3 0,25 mol/l. Cho 43 gam hn hp BaCl2 v
CaCl2 vo dung dch . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ta thu c 39,7 gam kt ta A v dung dch B. % khi
lng cc cht trong A l
A. %m BaCO3 = 50% , %m CaCO3 = 50%.
B. %m BaCO3 = 50,38% , %m CaCO3 = 49,62%.
C. %m BaCO3 = 49,62% , %m CaCO3 = 50,38%.
D. Khng xc nh c.
73
Cu 24. Ho tan hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr (I) v mt mui cacbonat ca kim
loi ho tr (II) bng dung dch HCl thy thot ra 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng th
khi lng mui khan thu c l bao nhiu?
A. 26,0 gam.
B. 28,0 gam.
C. 26,8 gam.
D. 28,6 gam.
Cu 25. Nung 100 gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng hn hp khng i c 69
gam cht rn. Xc nh phn trm khi lng ca mi cht tng ng trong hn hp ban u.
A. 15,4% v 84,6%.
B. 22,4% v 77,6%.
C. 16% v 84%.
D. 24% v 76%.
Cu 26. Cho 115 gam hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 22,4 lt
CO2 (ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l
A. 142 gam.
B. 126 gam.
C. 141 gam.
D. 132 gam.
Cu 27. Cho V lt dung dch A cha ng thi FeCl3 1M v Fe2(SO4)3 0,5M tc dng vi dung dch Na2CO3 c d,
phn ng kt thc thy khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 69,2 gam so vi tng khi lng ca cc dung dch
ban u. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,2 lt.
B. 0,24 lt.
C. 0,237 lt.
D.0,336 lt.
Cu 28. Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng thi khuy u, thu c V
lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc
lin h gia V vi a, b l
A. V = 22,4(a b). B. V = 11,2(a b).
C. V = 11,2(a + b).
D. V = 22,4(a + b).
Cu 29. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na+: a mol; HCO3: b mol; CO32: c mol; SO42: d mol. to ra kt ta ln
nht ngi ta dng 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng x mol/l. Lp biu thc tnh x theo a v b.
ab
ab
A. x = a + b.
B. x = a b.
C. x =
.
D. x =
.
0,2
0,1
Cu 30. Ho tan mt mui cacbonat kim loi M ha tr n bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 9,8% ta thu
c dung dch mui sunfat 14,18%. M l kim loi g?
A. Cu.
B. Fe.
C. Al.
D. Zn.
Cu 31. Nung m gam X cha 80% khi lng gam CaCO3 (phn cn li l tp cht tr) mt thi gian thu c
cht rn Y cha 45,65 % CaO. Tnh hiu sut phn hy CaCO3.
A. 50%.
B. 75%.
C. 80%.
D. 70%.
I.
I CNG V KIM LOI

A. TM TT L THUYT
V TR, CU TO CA KIM LOI
1. V tr ca kim loi
- Nhm IA (tr H), IIA IIIA (tr B)
74
II.
- Mt phn ca nhm IVA, VA, VIA

- Cc nguyn t nhm IB n VIIIB
- H lan tan v actini
2. Cu to ca kim loi
a. c im cu to
- Nguyn t kim loi thng c t eclectron lp ngoi cng (1,2 hoc 3).
- Bn knh nguyn t kim loi ln hn v THN nh hn phi kim cng chu k
b. Cu to tinh th
nhit thng cc kim loi th rn (tr Hg th lng) v c cu to tinh th
- Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi: v d kim loi kim, Ba, ...
- Mng tinh th lp phng tm din: v d Ca, Sr,...
- Mng tinh th lc phng: v d Be, Mg,...
c. Lin kt kim loi:
c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kimrong mng loi trong mng tinh th do s tham gia
ca cc electron t do
3. Tnh cht vt l chung
- Tnh do: do nht l Au Ag Al Sn Cu...
- Tnh dn in: Ag Cu Au...
- Tnh dn nhit: Ag Cu Al Fe....
- Tnh nh kim: Ag l kim loi ng hng u v tnh nh kim
Cc tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi u do cc electron t do trong mng tinh th kim loi gy ra
TNH CHT HA HC CA KIM LOI
Cc kim loi u c khuynh hng nhng electron ho tr, th hin tnh kh:
M
n+
M + ne
1. Tc dng vi phi kim:
a. Tc dng vi oxi
Tt c cc kim loi u tc dng nhit thng (tr: Au, Pt, Ag, Hg) to oxit kim loi
V d: 4Al +3O2 2Al2O3

b. Tc dng vi phi kim khc: Cl2, S, P to mui
t0
V d 2Fe + 3Cl2
2FeCl3
2. Tc dng vi axit:
a. Axit loi 1: (HCl, H2SO4 long) mui + H2
KL + axit 1 Mui + H2
(trc H2)
V d:
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Cu + HCl khng xy ra
b. Axit loi 2 (H2SO4c nng, HNO3) mui (ha tr cao) + sn phm kh +H2O
5
- Hu ht cc kim loi (tr Pt, Au) kh c N v S trong cc axit ny xung s oxi

ha thp hn.
KL + Axit 2 mui + sp kh
+H2
Fe, Al, Cr... th ng vi H2SO4c ngui v HNO3 c ngui

v d
3Cu + 8HNO3 (long) 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
75
t
2Fe + 6H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
3. Tc dng vi nc.
0

H2O + KL
Trong dy hot ng ha hc kim loi c phn chia nh sau:

- Kim loi hot ng mnh: t Al tr v trc
- Kim loi hot ng trung bnh: sau Al n trc H2
- Kim loi hot ng yu: sau H2
4. Tc dng vi dung dch mui ( c 04 trng hp)
a. Mt KL tc dng vi 1 mui
v d: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
b. Mt KL tc dng vi 2 mui
KL s tc dng vi mui ca KL ng sau trc, ri mi ti mui ca KL ng trc
V d: Cho Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mui Cu (NO3)2, AgNO3. Phn ng xy ra nh sau
Zn + 2AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag (1)
Zn + Cu(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 + Cu (2)
c. Hai KL tc dng vi 1 mui
KL c tnh kh mnh hn s phn ng ht trc
V d: Cho hn hp 2 kim loi Al, Zn vo dung dch CuSO4. Phn ng xy ra nh sau
2Al + 3CuSO4Al2(SO4)3+3Cu (1)
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
(2)
d. Hai KL tc dng vi 2 mui
KL c tnh kh mnh (1)s phn ng trc vi mui ca kim loi ng sau nht, sau phn ng vi mui
ca kl ng sau. Tng t nh vy cho kl c tnh kh yu hn (2).
III.
DY IN HA CA KIM LOI
1. Dy in ha ca kim loi
Tnh oxh ca ion KL tng
Li+
Li
K+
K
Ba2+
Ba
Ca2+ Na+
Ca
Na
Mg2+ Al3+
Mg
Al
Fe2+
Fe
Ni2+
Ni
Sn2+
Sn
Pb2+
Pb
2H+
H2
Fe3+
Fe
Mn2+ Zn2+
Mn
Zn
Cu2+ Fe3+
Cu
Fe2+
Cr3+
Cr
Fe2+
Fe
Ni2+
Ni
Hg22+ Ag+
2Hg Ag
Pt2+
Pt
Au3+
Au
Tnh kh ca KL gim
2. ngha ca dy in ha ca kim loi

- Xc nh chiu ca phn ng oxi ha kh theo quy tc
V d: d on chiu ca phn ng gia 2 cp
2+
2+
Zn Cu
Zn Cu
2+
2+
Zn
Cu U = 1,10V
Zn
Cu
Cht oxi ho yu
Cht oxi ho mnh
to thnh
Cht kh mnh
Cht kh yu
76
- Xc nh th t xy ra phn ng gia cc cp oxi ha kh

IV. S N MN KIM LOI
1. Khi nim
- S n mn kim loi l s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng.
Kt qu kim loi b oxi ha thnh ion kim loi v mt i nhng tnh cht qu bo ca kim loi
MMn+ +ne
2. Hai dng n mn kim loi
a. n mn ha hc
n mn ho hc l qu trnh - kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn trc tip n cc cht
trong mi trng.
b. n mn in ha hc
Khi nim: n mn in ho l qu trnh oxi ha kh, trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca dung
dch cht in ly v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m n cc dng (hay to nn dng in).
iu kin n mn in ha hc
+ Cc in cc phi khc nhau: kl-kl (kl hot ng mnh chn lm cc m), kl-pk, kl- hp cht ha hc
+ Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau thng qua dy dn.
+ Cc in cc cng tip xc vi dung dch cht in li.
C ch
- Cc m: (cht c tnh kh mnh hn), xy ra qu trnh oxi ha.
MMn+ +ne
- Cc dng: (cht c tnh kh yu hn), xy ra qu trnh oxi kh.
Nu dung dch cht in li l axit th: 2H+ +2eH2
Nu trong kk m th:
O2 +2 H2O +4e4OH- Chng n mn kim loi: c 2 phng php ph bin l bo v b mt v bo v in ho.
V. IU CH KIM LOI
1. Nguyn tc:
Thc hin l kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t kim loi
Mn+ + ne M
2. Mt s phng php c bn
a. Phng php nhit luyn: iu ch kim loi hot ng trung bnh, yu ( sau Al)
Kh cc oxit kim loi nhit cao bng cht kh nh C, CO, H2 hoc Al, kim loi kim, kim th
t0
3CO + Fe2O3
3CO2 + 2Fe
t0
H2 + CuO H2O + Cu
t0
2Al + Fe2O3
Al2O3 + 2Fe
b. Phng php thu luyn:iu ch kim loi yu ( sau H2)
Ph bin nht l dng kim loi mnh hn y kim loi yu trong dung dch mui.
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Phng php ny thc t thng khng p dng iu ch kim loi ng trc hiro trong dy in ho.
c. Phng php in phn:
Dng dng in mt chiu kh cc ion kim loi thnh kim loi.
. in phn nng chy: dng iu ch kim loi hot ng mnh (t Al tr v trc)
Nhm IA: in phn nng chy mui halogen (RX), hay hirooxxit ca chng (ROH)
V d: iu ch Na ta c th in phn nng chy NaCl, hay NaOH
2NaCl
2Na + Cl2
2NaOH
2Na + 2O2 + H2O
Nhm IIA: in phn nng chy mui halogen (RX2)
V d: iu ch Ca ta c th in phn nng chy CaCl2

CaCl2
Ca + Cl2
77
Nhm: in phn nng chy Al2O3

Al2O3
2Al + 2O2
. in phn dung dch: iu ch kim loi trung bnh, yu (sau Al) vi tinh khit cao.
Vit c s in phn v phng trnh in phn
S in phn dung dch CuSO4
4
Catot(cc -)
Anot (cc +)
2
Cu2+, H2O
42, H2O
2+
Cu + 2e Cu
2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e
Phng trnh in phn
2CuSO4 +2 H2O 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4
Ch : Th t u tin trn cc in cc
Cc Catot ( cc m):
- Cation kim loi t Al3+ tr v trc khng b kh, khi H2O b kh
2H2O +2e 2 + H2
- Cation kim loi sau Al3+, ion ng sau b kh trc
Cc anot (cc dng)
- Cc anion: 3, 42, ...khng tham gia nhng e (khng b oxi ha), khi H2O b oxi ha
2H2O 4H+ + O2+4e
- Th t u tin cc anion b oxi ha
S2- I- Br- Cl-

Tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc
Tnh theo cng thc (nh lut Faraday)
m=
Trong :
m: khi lng cht thu c cc in cc (gam)
A: khi lng mol nguyn t ca cht thu c in cc
n: s e m nguyn t nhng hay nhn
I: cng dng in (ampe)
t: thi gian in phn(giy)
F: hng s Faraday (F=96500)
Tnh s mol e trao i 2 in cc
=
Phng php in phn thng dng iu ch kim loi c tinh khit cao
H THNG CU TRC NGHIM KHCH QUAN
Cu 1. C cc kim loi Cu, Ag, Al, Au. dn in ca chng gim dn theo th t
A. Ag, Cu, Au, Al, Fe.
B. Ag, Cu, Fe, Al, Au.
C. Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Al.
D. Al, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au.
Cu 2. Trong nhng cu sau, cu no khng ng
A. Trong hp kim c lin kt kim loi hoc l lin kt cng ha tr.
B. Tnh cht ca hp kim ph thuc thnh phn, cu to ca hp kim.
C. Hp kim c tnh cht ha hc khc tnh cht ca cc kim loi to ra chng.
D. Hp kim c tnh cht vt l v tnh c hc khc nhiu cc kim loi to ra chng.
Cu 3. Kim loi no di y khng phn ng vi nc iu kin thng?
A. Na.
B. Ba.
C. Ca.
D. Al.
78
Cu 4. Pht biu no sau y l khng ng?

A. n mn kim loi l s hy hoi kim loi v hp kim di tc dng ca mi trng xung quanh.
B. n mn kim loi l mt qu trnh ha hc trong kim loi b n mn bi cc axit trong mi trng
khng kh.
C. Trong qu trnh n mn, kim loi b oxi ha thnh ion ca n.
D. n mn kim loi c chia lm hai dng: n mn ha hc v n mn in ha hc.
Cu 5. ng dng no di y khng phi l ng dng ca s in phn?
A. iu ch mt s kim loi, phi kim v hp cht.
B. Thng qua cc phn ng sn sinh ra dng in.
C. Tinh ch mt s kim loi nh Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ag, Au..
D. M Zn, Sn, Ni, Au,...bo v v trang tr kim loi.
Cu 6. Cc kim loi trng thi lng v rn u c kh nng dn in v l do no sau y?
A. v chng c cu to tinh th.
B. trong tinh th kim loi cc electron lin kt yu vi ht nhn, chng chuyn ng t do trong ton mng
tinh th.
C. v kim loi c bn knh nguyn t ln.
D. v kim loi c tnh kh yu.
Cu 7. Trong nhng cu sau, cu no ng?
A. Tnh dn in, dn nhit ca hp kim tt hn cc kim loi to ra chng
B. Khi to thnh lin kt cng ha tr, mt electron t do trong hp kim gim
C. Hp kim thng c cng km cc kim loi to ra chng
D. Nhit nng chy ca hp kim thng cao hn so vi cc kim loi to ra chng
Cu 8. iu ch kim loi Na, Mg, Ca trong cng nghip, ngi ta dng cch no trong cc cch sau?
A. in phn dung dch mui clorua tng ng c vch ngn
B. Dng H2 hoc CO kh oxit kim loi tng ng nhit cao
C. Dng kim loi K cho tc dng vi dung dch mui clorua tng ng
D. in phn nng chy mui clorua khan tng ng
Cu 9. Cu no ng trong cc cu sau: Trong n mn in ha, xy ra
A. s oxi ha cc dng
B. s kh cc m
C. s oxi ha cc dng v s kh cc m
D. s oxi ha cc m v s kh cc dng
Cu 10. Lin kt kim loi l lin kt sinh ra do
A. lc ht tnh in gia cc ion dng v ion m.
B. cc electron t do gn kt cc ion dng kim loi hoc nguyn t kim loi vi nhau.
C. c s dng chung cc cp electron.
D. c lc ht Van-dec-van gia cc nguyn t kim loi.
Cu 11. Nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi nh tnh do, tnh dn nhit, tnh dn in, nh kim ch yu l
do
A. khi lng nguyn t kim loi.
B. cu trc mng tinh th kim loi.
C. tnh kh ca kim loi .
D. cc electron t do trong kim loi gy ra.
Cu 12. Kim loi tan c trong nuc nhit thng l
A. K, Ca. Mg
B. Rb, Na, Fe
C. Ba, Ca, Cu
D. Ba, Na, K
79
Cu 13. Nguyn t R c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l R (kh him) 4d105s1. V tr ca R trong bng h
thng tun hon l
A. Chu k 5, nhm IA.
B. Chu k 5, nhm IIB.
C. Chu k 5, nhm IB.
D. Chu k 5, nhm VIIIB.
Cu 14. Mt si dy ng ni tip vi mt si dy nhm trong khng kh m. Hin tng no s xy ra ch ni
ca 2 dy kim loi trn sau mt thi gian:
A. Khng c hin tng g.
B. Dy nhm b mn v t trc, sau dy Cu cng mn v t.
C. Dy ng b mn v t trc, sau dy nhm cng mn v t.
D. C 2 dy nhm v Cu u b mn v t cng mt lc.
Cu15. Sut in ng ca pin in ha khng ph thuc vo yu t no sau y
A. Bn cht ca kim loi lm in cc.
B. Chiu di chuyn ca electron mch ngoi.
C. Nng ca cc dung dch mui.
D. Nhit .
Cu 16. Khi in phn dung dch X vi in cc tr v mng ngn. Dung dch khu vc gn mt in cc c
pH>7. Vy dung dch X em in phn l
A. CuCl2.
B. CuSO4.
C. NaCl.
D. NaNO3.
Cu 17. Dy cc ion xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ho l (bit cp Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc cp Ag+/Ag):
A. Ag+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Fe2+.
B. Fe3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+.
+
3+
2+
2+
C. Ag , Fe , Cu , Fe .
D. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+, Fe2+.
Cu 18. Ti mt in cc xy ra : Sn2+ +2e Sn, cn ghp in cc ny vi in cc lm bng kim loi no
di y to ra 1 pin in ha?
A. Zn.
B. Pb.
C. Cu.
D. Ag.
Cu 19. Mnh khngng l
A. Fe kh c Cu2+ trong dung dch.
B. Fe3+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu2+.
C. Fe2+ oxi ho c Cu.
D. Tnh oxi ha ca cc ion tng theo th t: Fe2+, H+, Cu2+, Ag+.
Cu 20. Phng php in phn dung dch mui MCln c th iu ch kim loi
A. K, Mg, Al.
B. Na, Ca, Ba.
C. Cu, Fe, Zn.
D. Fe, Cu, Ag.
o
CO,t M. Kim loi M c th l

Cu 21. iu ch kim loi M theo s chuyn ha: MxOy
A. Cu, Zn, Ca.
B. Fe, Pb, Mn.
C. Al, Mg, Ag.
D. Ba, Na, Mg.
Cu22. Sn phm thu c khi in phn dung dch mui n c mng ngn l
A. NaOH, Cl2.
B. NaCl, Cl2, O2.
C. Na, Cl2.
D. NaOH, Cl2, H2.
Cu 23. Dy gm cc kim loi c iu ch trong cng nghip bng phng php in phn hp cht nng chy
ca chng l
A. Fe, Ca, Al.
B. Na, Ca, Zn.
C. Na, Cu, Al.
D. Na, Ca, Al.
Cu24. Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc graphit xy ra:
A. s kh nc ti catot v s oxi ha nc ti ant.
B. s kh Cu2+ ti catot v s oxi ha nc ti ant.
80
C. s kh Cu2+ ti catot v s oxi ha SO42- ti ant.

D. s kh nc ti catot v s oxi ha SO42- ti ant.
Cu 25. in phn dung dch cha anion nitrat v cc cation Cu2+, Ag+, Pb2+, Fe2+. Cation b kh trc tin l
A. Cu2+.
B. Ag+.
C. Pb2+.
D. Fe2+.
Cu26. Dy cc cht no sau y khng tan trong nc nhng tan trong dung dch HCl:
A. CuS, Ca3(PO4)2, CaCO3
B. AgCl, BaSO3, Cu(OH)2
C. BaCO3, Fe(OH)3, FeS
D. BaSO4, FeS2, ZnO
Cu 27. Nhm cc cht no sau u tc dng vi dung dch Fe(NO3)3:
A. Fe, Cu, Ag.
B. Fe, Al, Cu.
C. Al, Ag, Mg.
D. Fe, Mg, Ag.
Cu 28. Cc oxit sau: FeO, MgO, Fe3O4, ZnO nhng oxit no phn ng vi HNO3 c to ra kh?
A. FeO, Fe3O4.
B. MgO, FeO.
C. Fe3O4, ZnO.
D. MgO, ZnO
Cu29. Vonfam (W) thng c la chn to dy tc bng n, nguyn nhn chnh l v
A. Vonfam l kim loi rt do.
B. Vonfam l kim loi nh.
C. Vonfam c kh nng dn in rt tt.
D. Vonfam c nhit nng chy cao.
Cu 30. bo qun dung dch FeSO4 trnh hin tng oxi ha FeSO4 thnh Fe2(SO4)3 ngi ta thng cho vo
dung dch FeSO4 mt mu kim loi no sau y?
A. Al.
B. Ag.
C. Fe.
D. Cu.
Cu31. S iu ch kim loi no sau y khng ph hp?
A. CaCO3 dung dch CaCl2 CaCl2 khan in phn nng chy CaCl2.
B. Cu(OH)2 CuO dng CO kh CuO.
C. Mg(OH)2 dung dch MgCl2 MgCl2 khan in phn nng chy MgCl2.
D. Ag2S Ag2O dng CO kh Ag2O.
Cu32. Cho hn hp c a mol Zn tc dng vi dung dch cha b mol Cu(NO3)2 v c mol AgNO3. Kt thc phn
ng thu c dung dch X v cht rn Y. Bit a = b + c/2. Ta c
A. dung dch X cha 1 mui v Y c 2 kim loi.
B. dung dch X cha 2 mui v Y c 1 kim loi.
C. dung dch X cha 3 mui v Y c 2 kim loi.
D. dung dch X cha 2 mui v Y c 2 kim loi.
Cu33. Cho trt t dy in ho: Mg2+/Mg; Al3+/Al; Cu2+/Cu, Ag+/Ag. Khi cho hn hp kim loi Mg, Al vo
dung dch hn hp cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 th phn ng oxi ho kh u tin xy ra l
A. Mg + 2Ag+ Mg2+ + 2Ag.
B. Mg + Cu2+ Mg2+ + Cu.
C. 2Al3+ + 3Cu2+ 2Al3+ + 3Cu.
D. Al + 3Ag+ Al3+ + 3Ag.
Cu 34. Tng h s cn bng ca phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng:
FeSO4 + K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + H2O l
A. 24.
B. 25.
C. 26.
D. 27.
Cu 35. Cho hn hp Al, Zn vo dung dch CuSO4(d). Sau phn ng hin tng quan st c l
A. Al, Zn tan ht, dung dch nht mu
B. Cu kt ta, dung dch nht mu
C. ch Al tan, Cu kt ta, dung dch mt mu
D. Al, Zn tan ht, Cu kt ta, dung dch nht mu
81
Cu 36. Cho Mg vo dung dch cha FeSO4,CuSO4. Sau phn ng thu c cht rn X ch c 1 kim loi v dung
dch Y cha 2 mui. Phn ng kt thc khi no?
A. CuSO4 d, FeSO4 cha phn ng, Mg ht.
B. FeSO4 d, CuSO4 cha phn ng, Mg ht.
C. CuSO4 ht, FeSO4 cha phn ng, Mg ht.
D. CuSO4 v FeSO4 ht, Mg d.
Cu37. Khi cho Na vo dung dch CuSO4, s phn ng ti a c th xy ra l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 38. Cho hn hp bt Fe, Al vo dung dch hn hp AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y.
Dung dch Y cha 2 mui l
A. Al3+, Ag+ B. Al3+, Cu2+
C. Al3+, Fe2+
D. Fe2+, Cu2+
Cu 39. Nhng mt thanh Mg c khi lng m gam vo mt dung dch cha hai mui FeCl 2 v FeCl3. Sau mt
thi gian ly thanh Mg ra cn li thy khi lng m1< m. Vy dung dch cn li c cha cc cation no sau y :
A. Mg2+
B. Mg2+v Fe2+
C. Mg2+; Fe2+v Fe3+
D. C B v C u ng
Cu 40. Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch CuSO4 bng cch ngm Cu kim loi trong dung dch H2SO4 long v sc
kh O2 lin tc. Khi
A. Cu l cht kh; H2SO4 l cht oxi ha.
B. Cu l cht kh; oxi l cht oxi ha v H2SO4 l mi trng.
C. Cu l cht kh; oxi l cht oxi ha. H2SO4 l mi trng v phn ng c to kh SO2.
D. Cu l cht kh; O2 l cht oxi ha, H2SO4 l mi trng v phn ng khng to kh SO2.
Cu 41. Cho m gam Al d vo V ml dung dch cha FeSO4 v CuSO4. Sau phn ng thu c cht rn X v dung
dch Y. X, Y cha
A. X : Al,Y: Al3+, Fe2+, SO42
B. X: Al, Cu, Y: Cu2+ , Fe2+, Al3+, SO42
C. X: Al,Cu, Fe Y: Al3+, SO42
D. Tt c sai
Cu 42. Cho mt l nhm d vo dung dch cha 3 mui Zn (NO3)2, Ni(NO3)2, AgNO3 cc phn ng c th xy
ra l:
(1) 2Al + 3Ni2+ 2 Al3+ + 3 Ni
(2) Al + 3Ag+ Al3+ + 3Ag
(3) 2Al + 3 Zn2+ 2Al3+ + 3Zn
Pht biu no ng:
A. Cc phn ng 1, 2, 3 xy ra ng thi
B. Th t phn ng: (1) (2) (3)
C. Th t phn ng: (3) (2) (1)
D. th t phn ng: (2) ( 1) ( 3)
Cu 43. Cho hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 dung sau phn ng kt thc thu c hai
kim loi. Hai kim loi l:
A. Ag, Cu.
B. Ag, Al.
C. Ag, Mg. D. Al, Mg.
Cu 44. Ha tan nhm bng dung dch HCl. nu thm mt mnh nh ng vo th qa trnh ha tan s
A. xy ra chm hn
B. xy ra nhanh hn
C. khng thay i
D. qu trnh ngng li
Cu 45. Cho cc nguyn liu sau iu ch kim loi tng ng: dd NaCl, dd NaOH, CuO, Al2O3, hy chn pht
biu sai:
A. iu ch kim loi Na bng cch cho in phn nng chy NaCl hoc NaOH
B. iu ch kim loi Cu bng cch in phn CuO trong nc
C. iu ch kim loi Al bng cch in phn nng chy Al2O3c xc tc
82
D. iu ch kim loi Cu bng cch dng H2 hoc CO kh CuO nhit cao

Cu 46. Cho mt t kim loi K va vo dung dch CuSO4. Xy ra hin tng sau:
A. Dung dch mt mu xanh v xut hin kt ta Cu
B. C kh bay ln, ng thi xut hin kt ta trng xanh Cu(OH)2
C. Dung dch c kh bay ln v xut hin kt ta mu Cu
D. K tan v xuaats hin kt ta mu
Cu 47. Ngm l Ni vo trong cc dung dch mui sau: NaCl, CuSO4, AlCl3, ZnCl2 Pb(NO3)2. Dung dch mui c
th c phn ng xy ra l:
A. NaCl, CuSO4
B. AlCl3, ZnCl2
C. CuSO4, Pb(NO3)2
D. CuSO4, Pb(NO3)2, AlCl3
Cu 48. Mun thu c Ag tinh khit t hh X gm : a mol Al2O3; b mol CuO; c mol Ag2O ngi ta ha tan hh X
bi 6a + 2b+2c mol HNO3 thu c dd Y. Sau thm :
A. c mol bt Al B. c mol bt Cu
C.2c mol bt Al
D.2c mol Cu
KIM LOI TC DNG VI PHI KIM
Cu 1. t chy bt Al trong bnh kh Clo d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton khi lng cht rn trong bnh
tng 4,26 gam. Khi lng Al phn ng l
A. 1,08 gam.
B. 2,16 gam.
C. 1,62 gam.
D. 3,24 gam.
Cu 2. Chia m gam Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau
- Phn mt tc dng vi O2 d thu c cht X
- Phn hai tc dng vi Cl2 d thu c cht Y
Khi lng cht X v Y chnh lch nhau 8.25 gam. Trong X v Y st c cng ha tr. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,5g
B. 47,4
C. 32,6g
D. Tt c sai
Cu 3. Cho m gam 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu vo mt bnh kn cha 0,9 mol oxi. Nung nng bnh 1 thi gian cho n
khi s mol O2 trong bnh ch cn 0,865 mol v cht rn trong bnh c khi lng 2,12 gam. Gi tr m l
A. 1,2 gam.
B. 0,2 gam.
C. 0,1 gam.
D. 1,0 gam.
Cu 4. t 1 lng nhm(Al) trong 6,72 lt O2. Cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho ho tan hon ton vo dung
dch HCl thy bay ra 6,72 lt H2 (cc th tch kh o kc). Khi lng nhm dng l
A. 8,1gam.
B. 16,2gam.
C. 18,4gam.
D. 24,3gam.
Cu 5. t chy hon ton 4,04 gam mt hn hp bt kim loi gm Al, Fe, Cu trong khng kh thu c 5,96
gam hn hp 3 oxit. Ha tan ht hn hp 3 oxit bng dung dch HCl 2M. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn dng.
A. 0,5 lt.
B. 0,7 lt.
C. 0,12 lt.
D. 1 lt.
Cu 6. Cho hn hp A gm Al, Zn, Mg. em oxi ho hon ton 28,6 gam A bng oxi d thu c 44,6 gam hn
hp oxit B. Ho tan ht B trong dung dch HCl thu c dung dch D. C cn dung dch D c hn hp mui
khan l
A. 99,6 gam.
B. 49,8 gam.
C. 74,7 gam.
D. 100,8 gam.
Cu 7. Oxi ha hon ton 0,728 gam bt Fe ta thu c 1,016 gam hn hp hai oxit st (hn hp A).
1. Ha tan hn hp A bng dung dch axit nitric long d. Tnh th tch kh NO duy nht bay ra ( ktc).
A. 2,24 ml.
B. 22,4 ml.
C. 33,6 ml.
D. 44,8 ml.
2. Cng hn hp A trn trn vi 5,4 gam bt Al ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm (hiu sut 100%). Ha tan
hn hp thu c sau phn ng bng dung dch HCl d. Tnh th tch bay ra ( ktc).
A. 6,608 lt.
B. 0,6608 lt.
C. 3,304 lt.
D. 33,04. Lt
83
Cu 8. Trn 60 gam bt Fe vi 30 gam bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A. Ho
tan A bng dung dch axit HCl d c dung dch B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O2 (ktc). Bit cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton. V c gi tr l
A. 11,2 lt.
B. 21 lt.
C. 33 lt.
D. 49 lt.
Cu 9. t chy 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh ng O2 thu c 7,36 gam hn hp A gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v Fe. Ha
tan hon ton lng hn hp A bng dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh B gm NO v NO2. T khi ca
B so vi H2 bng 19. Th tch V ktc l
A. 672 ml.
B. 336 ml.
C. 448 ml.
D. 896 ml.
Cu 10. Cho a gam hn hp A gm oxit FeO, CuO, Fe2O3 c s mol bng nhau tc dng hon ton vi lng va l
250 ml dung dch HNO3 khi un nng nh, thu c dung dch B v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp kh C gm NO2 v NO c
t khi so vi hiro l 20,143. Gi tr ca a l
A. 74,88 gam.
B. 52,35 gam.
C. 61,79 gam.
D. 72,35 gam.
Cu 11. Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn X gm Fe, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4, FeO.
Ha tan m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 11,2 gam.
B. 10,2 gam.
C. 7,2 gam.
D. 6,9 gam.
Cu 12. Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung
dch HNO3 (d) thot ra 0,56 lt NO ( ktc) (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,52 gam.
B. 2,22 gam.
C. 2,62 gam.
D. 2,32 gam.
Cu 13. Nung 8,96 gam Fe trong khng kh c hn hp A gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. A ha tan va vn trong
dung dch cha 0,5 mol HNO3, bay ra kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. S mol NO bay ra l.
A. 0,01.
B. 0,04.
C. 0,03.
D. 0,02.
Cu 14. Oxi ha mt lng Fe thnh hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 cn a mol Oxi. Kh hon ton hn hp X
a
thnh Fe cn b mol Al. T s
c gi tr bng
b
A. 0,75.
B. 1.
C. 1,25.
D. 1,5.
Cu 15. X l hp kim gm (Fe, C, Fe3C), trong hm lng tng cng ca Fe l 96%, hm lng C n cht l
3,1%, hm lng Fe3C l a%. Gi tr a l
A. 10,5.
B. 13,5.
C. 14,5.
D. 16.
KIM LOI TC DNG VI AXIT LOI 1

Cu 1. em 2,8 gam kim loi R (ha tr II) tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lt H 2 ( ktc). kim loi R
l
A. Fe
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Zn
Cu 2. Ha tan hon ton 10,4 gam hn hp Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 ktc. S mol
Fe v Mg ln lt l:
84

A. 0,1; 0,2
B. 0,1; 0,1

C. 0,1; 0,25
D. 0,2; 0,1
Cu 3. Nhng 5,6 gam st vo 300ml dung dch HCl 1M, n phn ng hon ton lng mui thu c l
A. 16,25g
B. 19,05g
C. 1,625g
D. 12,7g
Cu 4. Cho 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau phn ng thu c 2,24
lt kh H2 (ktc), dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,4 gam
B. 4,4 gam
C. 5,6 gam
D. 6,4 gam
Cu 5. Ho tan hon ton 7,5 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong dung dch H2SO4 long (va ) thu c 7,84 lt kh
H2 (ktc). Khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l
A. 76,1 gam
B. 14,1 gam
C. 67,1 gam
D. 41,1 gam
Cu6. Cho 3,87g hn hp A gm Mg, Al vo 250ml dung dch X cha HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thu c dung
dch B v 4,368 lt H2 ktc. Thnh phn % hn hp A l:
A. 37,2%Mg v 62,8%Al.
B. 62,8%Mg v 37,2%Al.
C. 50,0%Mg v 50,0%Al.
D. 45,4%Mg v 64,6%Al .
Cu 7. Ly 2,98g hn hp X gm Zn v Fe cho vo dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng hon ton c cn (trong iu
kin khng c oxi) th c 5,82g cht rn v V lt H2 (kc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,224 .
B. 0,448 .
C. 0,896.
D. 1,792.
Cu8. Cho 3,2 gam hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 tc dng va vi V ml dung dch HCl 1M thu c 2 mui c t l
mol 1:1. Gi tr ca V l
A. 50 ml.
B. 100 ml.
C. 150 ml.
D. 200 ml.
Cu 9. Ha tan 10g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat kim loi ha tr 2 v 3 bng dung dch HCl va thu c dung
dch A v 0,672 lt kh (kc). C cn dung dch A thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,33 .
B. 12,13.
C. 14,26.
D. 10,66.
Cu 10. Ha tan 9,14 gam hn hp Cu, Mg, Al bng dung dch HCl d thu c 7,84 lt kh A (ktc); 2,54 gam
cht rn B v dung dch C. Khi lng mui clorua c trong dung dch C l:
A. 19,025 gam.
B. 21,565 gam.
C. 31,45 gam.
D. 33,99 gam.
Cu 11. Chi hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn I tan ht trong dung dch
HCl to ra 1,792 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn II nung trong oxi thu c 2,48 gam hn hp oxit. Khi lng hn hp 2
kim loi ban u l
A. 5,08g
B. 3,12g
C. 2,40g
D. 1,36g
Cu 12. Ha tan 17,4 gam hn hp X gm FeO, M2O3 cn dng va 400ml dung dch H2SO4 1M thu c
dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i thu c 8 gam cht rn. Kim loi M l
A. Fe
B. Al
C. Cr
D. Mn
Cu 13. Cho 16,2 gam kim loi M (ha tr khng i x) tc dng vi 0,15 mol O2 . Ha tan cht rn sau phn ng
bng dung dch HCl d thy bay ra 13,44 lt H2 (ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Mg.
B. Al.
C. Fe.
D. Cu.
Cu 14. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp A gm Mg, Fe2O3 bng dung dch H2SO4 long d thy thot ra V lt
H2 (ktc) v thu c dung dch B. Thm t t NaOH n d vo dung dch B. Kt thc th nghim, lc ly kt ta
em nung nng trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 28 gam cht rn. V c gi tr
A. 5,6 lt.
B. 11,2 lt.
C. 22,4 lt.
D. 33,6 lt.
85
Cu 15. Ha tan 2.81g hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml dung dch H2SO4 0.1M (va ). Sau phn
ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l
A. 3,81g
B. 4,81g
C. 5,81g
D. 6,81g
Cu 16. Ha tan 9,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh X
(ktc) v 2,54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c lng
mui khan l
A. 31,45 gam.
B. 33,99 gam.
C. 19,025 gam.
D. 56,3 gam.
Cu 17. Ho tan hon ton a gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe2O3 trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ktc v
dung dch B. Cho dung dch B tc dng dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta, nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c 24 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l
A. 13,6 gam.
B. 17,6 gam.
C. 21,6 gam.
D. 29,6 gam.
Cu 18. Cho 3 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d gii phng V lt kh (ktc). Dung
dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d, lc v nung kt ta c 4,12 gam bt oxit. gi tr ca V l
A. 1,12 lt.
B. 1,344 lt.
C. 1,568 lt.
D. 2,016 lt.
Cu 19. Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B ng trc H trong dy in ha v c ha tr khng i trong cc
hp cht. Chia m gam X thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Ha tan hon ton trong dung dch cha axit HCl v H2SO4 long to ra 3,36 lt kh H2.
- Phn 2: Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc
th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
Cu 20. Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo dung dch Y
gm (HCl v H2SO4 long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M vo dung dch Z cho ti
khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO3)2 cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc phng n
no?
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt.
B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt.
C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt.
D. 50 ml; 1,12 lt.
Cu 21. Ha tan hon ton 7,74 gam mt hn hp gm Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch gm H2SO4 0,28M v HCl
1M thu c 8,736 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch X.
Thm V lt dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,5M vo dung dch X thu c lng kt ta
ln nht.
a) S gam mui thu c trong dung dch X l
A. 38,93 gam.
B. 38,95 gam.
C. 38,97 gam.
D. 38,91 gam.
b) Th tch V l
A. 0,39 lt.
B. 0,4 lt.
C. 0,41 lt.
D. 0,42 lt.
c) Lng kt ta l
A. 54,02 gam.
B. 53,98 gam.
C. 53,62 gam.
D. 53,94 gam.
Cu 22. (Cu 40 - M 182 - TS i Hc - Khi A 2007)
86
Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H 2SO4 0,5M, thu
c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l
A. 1.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 2.
Cu 23. Ho tan hon ton mt lng kim loi R ha tr n bng dung dch H2SO4 long ri c cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c mt lng mui khan c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng kim loi R ban u em ho tan. Kim
loi R l
A. Al.
B. Ba.
C. Zn.
D. Mg.
KIM LOI TC DNG VI AXIT LOI 2

Cu 1. Cho 4,05 gam Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu V lt N2O (kc) duy nht. Gi tr V l
A. 2,52 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 1,26 lt.
Cu 2. Ho tan 6,4 gam Cu bng axit H2SO4c, nng (d), sinh ra V lt kh SO2(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 6,72.
C. 3,36.
D. 2,24.
Cu 3. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d ta thu c 8,96 lit(kc) hn hp kh X gm 2 kh NO v NO2
(khng to thm sn phm kh khc) c t khi hi hn hp X so vi oxi bng 1,3125. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,56 gam.
B. 1,12 gam.
C. 11,2 gam.
D. 5,6 gam.
Cu 4. Cho 60 gam hn hp Cu v CuO tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 13,44 lit kh NO (kc,
sn phm kh duy nht). Phn % v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp l:
A. 69%.
B. 96%.
C. 44%
D. 56%.
Cu 5. Cho 8,3 gam hn hp Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c 45,5 gam mui nitrat
khan. Th tch kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) thot ra l
A. 4,48 lt.
B. 6,72 lt.
C. 2,24 lt.
D. 3,36 lt.
Cu 6. Cho 1,86 gam hn hp Al v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c 560 ml lt kh N2O
(ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) bay ra. Khi lng mui nitrat to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 40,5 gam.
B. 14,62 gam.
C. 24,16 gam.
D. 14,26 gam.
Cu 7. (Cu 40 - M 285 - Khi B - TSH 2007)
Thc hin hai th nghim:
- Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO.
- Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot ra V2 lt NO.
Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l
A. V2 = V1.
B. V2 = 2V1.
C. V2 = 2,5V1.
D. V2 = 1,5V1.
Cu 8. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng HNO3 c nng thu c 4,48 lt kh NO2
(ktc, duy nht). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui khan gi tr ca m l
A. 35,7 gam.
B. 46,4 gam.
C. 15,8 gam.
D. 77,7 gam.
87
Cu 9. Ha tan hon ton 49,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c nng thu c dung
dch Y v 8,96 lt kh SO2 (ktc).
a) Tnh phn trm khi lng oxi trong hn hp X.
A. 40,24%.
B. 30,7%.
C. 20,97%.
D. 37,5%.
b) Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch Y.
A. 160 gam.
B.140 gam.
C. 120 gam.
D. 100 gam.
Cu 10. Hn hp X gm (Fe, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO) vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol, ha tan ht vo dung dch Y
gm (HCl v H2SO4 long) d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M vo dung dch Z cho ti
khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO3)2 cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc phng n
no?
A. 25 ml; 1,12 lt.
B. 0,5 lt; 22,4 lt.
C. 50 ml; 2,24 lt.
D. 50 ml; 1,12 lt.
Cu 11. Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi dung
dch X l
A.8,88 gam.
B.13,92 gam.
C.6,52 gam.
D.13,32 gam.
Cu 12. Ha tan hh gm 0.12 mol FeS2 v a mol CuS2 vo HNO3 long thu c dd A gm 2 mui sunfat v hh
kh B gm NO2; N2O; N2. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0.12
B.0.06
C. 0.24
D.0.48
Cu 13. Ha tan 4.76 g hh Zn v Al (t l mol 1:2) vo 0.4 lit HNO3 1M c dd X cha m gam mui v khng
c kh thot ra. Gi tr m l :
A. 25.8
B.27.8
C.29.8
D.28.7
Cu 14. Cho 10.71 gam hn hp Al, Zn, Fe tc dng vi 4 lt dd HNO3 a M va thu c dd A v 1.792 lt N2 v
N2O vi t l 1:1 (kc). C cn dd A thu c m g mui khan, gi tr m v a l:
A. 55.35g; 2.2M
B.55.35g; 0.22M
C. 53.55g; 2.2 M
D.53.55g; 0.22M
Cu 15. Cho 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi Fe, Cu tc dng va vi dung dch HNO 3 63%. Sau phn ng thu
c dung dch A v 11,2 lt kh NO2 duy nht (ktc). Nng % cc cht c trong dung dch A l
A. 36,66% v 28,48%.
B. 27,19% v 21,12%.
C. 27,19% v 72,81%.
D. 78,88% v 21,12%.
Cu 16. Ha tan 62,1 gam mt kim loi R trong dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 16,8 lt kh X (ktc) gm hai
kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 17,2.
a) Kim loi R l
A. Cu.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Al.
b) Nu dng dung dch HNO3 2M v ly d 25% th th tch dung dch cn ly l
A. 5,15 lt.
B. 5,25 lt.
C. 5,35 lt.
D. 5,45 lt.
Cu 17. Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,4 mol FeO v 0,1mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c
dung dch A v kh B khng mu, ha nu trong khng kh. Dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu
88
c kt ta. Ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi lng
l
A. 23,0 gam.
B. 32,0 gam.
C. 16,0 gam.
D. 48,0 gam.
Cu 18. Ha tan 15 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi Mg v Al vo dung dch Y gm HNO3 v H2SO4 c thu
c 0,1 mol mi kh SO2, NO, NO2, N2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Al v Mg trong X ln lt l
A. 63% v 37%.
B. 36% v 64%.
C. 50% v 50%.
D. 46% v 54%.
Cu 19. Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R1, R2 c ho tr x, y khng i (R1, R2 khng tc dng vi nc v ng
trc Cu trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO 3 d
thu c 1,12 lt kh NO duy nht ktc. Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO 3
th thu c bao nhiu lt N2. Cc th tch kh o ktc.
A. 0,224 lt.
B. 0,336 lt.
C. 0,448 lt.
D. 0,672 lt.
Cu 20. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm 0,01
mol NO v 0,04 mol NO2 (khng to NH4NO3). Tnh khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch.
A. 10,08 gam.
B. 6,59 gam.
C. 5,69 gam.
D. 5,96 gam.
Cu 21. (Cu 19 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH - 2007)
Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh
X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H 2 bng 19. Gi tr ca
V l
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 4,48 lt.
C. 5,60 lt.
D. 3,36 lt.
Cu 22. Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d, ta c hn hp gm hai kh NO2 v NO c VX = 8,96 lt
(ktc) v t khi i vi O2 bng 1,3125. Xc nh %NO v %NO2 theo th tch trong hn hp X v khi lng m
ca Fe dng?
A. 25% v 75%; 1,12 gam.
B. 25% v 75%; 11,2 gam.
C. 35% v 65%; 11,2 gam.
D. 45% v 55%; 1,12 gam.
Cu 23. Cho 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Cu vo 2 lt dung dch HNO3 phn ng va thu c 1,792 lt kh X (ktc) gm
N2 v NO2 c t khi hi so vi He bng 9,25. Nng mol/lt HNO3 trong dung dch u l
A. 0,28M.
B. 1,4M.
C. 1,7M.
D. 1,2M.
Cu 24. Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2.
- Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO3 long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh (cc
th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 5,6 lt.
Cu 25. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO3 d c 1,12 lt ( ktc)
hn hp gm NO v NO2 c M = 42,89 (vC). Tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra
89

A. 9,41 gam. B. 10,08 gam.

C. 5,69 gam.
D. 8,15 gam.
Cu 26. Ha tan ht 4,43 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt (ktc) hn
hp hai kh (u khng mu) c khi lng 2,59 gam trong c mt kh b ha thnh mu nu trong khng kh.
Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng.
A. 0,51 mol.
B. A. 0,45 mol.
C. 0,55 mol.
D. 0,49 mol.
Cu 27. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm ba kim loi bng dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,12 lt hn hp kh D
(ktc) gm NO2 v NO. T khi hi ca D so vi hiro bng 18,2. Tnh th tch ti thiu dung dch HNO3 37,8% (d
= 1,242g/ml) cn dng.
A. 20,18 ml.
B. 11,12 ml.
C. 21,47 ml.
D. 36,7 ml.
Cu 28. Ha tan 6,25 gam hn hp Zn v Al vo 275 ml dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A, cht rn B gm
cc kim loi cha tan ht cn nng 2,516 gam v 1,12 lt hn hp kh D ( ktc) gm NO v NO2. T khi ca hn
hp D so vi H2 l 16,75. Tnh nng mol/l ca HNO3 v tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch
sau phn ng.
A. 0,65M v 11,794 gam.
B. 0,65M v 12,35 gam.
C. 0,75M v 11,794 gam.
D. 0,55M v 12.35 gam.
Cu 29. Ha tan 0,1 mol Cu kim loi trong 120 ml dung dch X gm HNO 3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng
kt thc thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,344 lt.
B. 1,49 lt.
C. 0,672 lt.
D. 1,12 lt.
Cu 30. Dung dch A cha 0,01 mol Fe(NO3)3 v 0,15 mol HCl c kh nng ha tan ti a bao nhiu gam Cu kim
loi? (Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht)
A. 2,88 gam.
B. 3,92 gam.
C. 3,2 gam.
D. 5,12 gam.
KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI

Cu1. Ngi ta ph mt lp Ag ln mt vt bng Cu bng cch ngm vt vo dung dch AgNO3, sau mt thi
gian ly vt ra ri ra nh, lm kh thy khi lng tng 30,4g so vi ban u. Vy khi lng ca Ag ph ln vt
lm bng Cu l
A. 10,8 g.
B. 30,4 g.
C. 21,6 g.
D. 43,2 g.
Cu 2. Ngm mt l Fe nng 21,6 gam vo dung dch Cu(NO 3 )2 . Phn ng xong thu c 23,2 gam hn
hp rn. Lng ng bm vo st l
A. 12,8 gam
B. 6,4 gam
C. 3,2 gam
D. 1,6 gam
Cu 3. Cho 0,3 mol Al vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,5 mol Cu(NO3)2 v 0,3 mol AgNO3. Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c dung dch B. Thnh phn s mol trong B l
A. Al3+(0,1)
B. Al3+(0,1), Cu2+(0,3)
3+
2+
C. Al (0,1), Cu (0,3)
D. Al3+(0,1), Cu2+(0,5)
Cu4. Cho mt l ng nng 8,4 gam vo 200ml dung dch AgNO3 , sau khi phn ng hon ton ly l ng cn
li thy khi lng l 11,44g. Nng mol ca dung dch AgNO3 ban u l
90

A. 0,4.
B. 0,3.

C. 0,2.
D. 0,1.
Cu 5. Nhng 1 thanh kim loi ho tr II vo dung dch CuSO4, sau 1 thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy thanh
kim loi gim 0,05% khi lng. Mt khc cng nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2, sau phn ng
ly ra cn li thy khi lng tng 7,1%. Bit s mol 2 mui tham gia phn ng nh nhau. Kim loi M l
A. Mg.
B. Zn.
C. Cd.
D. Fe.
Cu 6. Cho 0,1 mol Fe vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Khuy k chm n phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi
lng cht rn thu c l
A. 5,6 gam.
B. 21,6 gam.
C. 32,4 gam.
D. 43,2 gam.
Cu 7. Nhng thanh kim loi M vo 100ml dung dch FeCl2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, khi lng thanh
kim loi gim 0,45g. Kim loi M l
A. Al.
B. Mg.
C. Zn.
D. Cu
Cu 8. Cho 5,6 g Fe vo 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 1,2M cho ti khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng cht
rn thu c l
A. 21,6 gam.
B. 10,8 gam.
C. 25,92 gam.
D. 12,96 gam.
Cu 9. Ngm l km vo dd cha 2,24 gam ion kim loi c in tch 2+ trong mui sunfat, sau phn ng khi lng l
km tng thm 0.94g . Cng thc ha hc ca mui sunfat l
A. CuSO4
B. FeSO4
C. CdSO4
D. ZnSO4
Cu 10. Dung dch X gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 c cng nng . Ly mt lng hn hp gm Al (0,03 mol), Fe
(0,05 mol) cho vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti kh phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn Y cha 3 kim loi.Cho Y vo
HCl d gii phng 0,07 gam kh. Nng ca hai mui l
A. 0,3M.
B. 0,4M.
C. 0,42M.
D. 0,45M.
Cu 11. Nhng mt thanh graphit c ph mt lp kim loi ha tr (II) vo dung dch CuSO 4 d. Sau phn ng
khi lng ca thanh graphit gim i 0,24 gam. Cng thanh graphit ny nu c nhng vo dung dch AgNO 3 th
khi phn ng xong thy khi lng thanh graphit tng ln 0,52 gam. Kim loi ha tr (II) l kim loi no sau y?
A. Pb.
B. Cd.
C. Al.
D. Sn.
Cu 12. Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 15 gam trong 340 gam dung dch AgNO 3 6%. Sau mt thi gian
ly vt ra thy khi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 25%. Khi lng ca vt sau phn ng l
A. 3,24 gam.
B. 2,28 gam.
C. 17,28 gam. D. 24,12 gam.
Cu 13. Nhng mt thanh km v mt thanh st vo cng mt dung dch CuSO4. Sau mt thi gian ly hai thanh
kim loi ra thy trong dung dch cn li c nng mol ZnSO4 bng 2,5 ln nng mol FeSO4. Mt khc, khi
lng dung dch gim 2,2 gam. Khi lng ng bm ln thanh km v bm ln thanh st ln lt l
A. 12,8 gam; 32 gam.
B. 64 gam; 25,6 gam.
C. 32 gam; 12,8 gam.
D. 25,6 gam; 64 gam.
Cu 14. Nhng thanh km vo dung dch cha 8,32 gam CdSO4. Sau khi kh hon ton ion Cd2+ khi lng thanh
km tng 2,35% so vi ban u. Hi khi lng thanh km ban u.
A. 60 gam.
B. 70 gam.
C. 80 gam.
D. 90 gam.
91
Cu 15. Nhng thanh kim loi M ho tr 2 vo dung dch CuSO4, sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy khi
lng gim 0,05%. Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2, sau mt thi gian thy khi
lng tng 7,1%. Xc nh M, bit rng s mol CuSO4 v Pb(NO3)2 tham gia 2 trng hp nh nhau.
A. Al.
B. Zn.
C. Mg.
D. Fe.
Cu 16. Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y. Khi lng cht
tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch XCl3. xc nh cng thc ca mui XCl3.
A. FeCl3.
B. AlCl3.
C. CrCl3.
D. Khng xc nh.
Cu 17. Ha tan 3,28 gam hn hp mui CuCl2 v Cu(NO3)2 vo nc c dung dch A. Nhng Mg vo dung
dch A cho n khi mt mu xanh ca dung dch. Ly thanh Mg ra cn li thy tng thm 0,8 gam. C cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Tnh m?
A. 1.28 gam.
B. 2,48 gam.
C. 3,1 gam.
D. 0,48 gam.
Cu 18. Ha tan 3,28 gam hn hp mui MgCl2 v Cu(NO3)2 vo nc c dung dch A. Nhng vo dung dch A
mt thanh st. Sau mt khong thi gian ly thanh st ra cn li thy tng thm 0,8 gam. C cn dung dch sau phn
ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l
A. 4,24 gam.
B. 2,48 gam.
C. 4,13 gam.
D. 1,49 gam.
Cu 19. Cho hai thanh st c khi lng bng nhau.
- Thanh 1 nhng vo dung dch c cha a mol AgNO3.
- Thanh 2 nhng vo dung dch c cha a mol Cu(NO3)2.
Sau phn ng, ly thanh st ra, sy kh v cn li thy s cho kt qu no sau y?
A. Khi lng hai thanh sau nhng vn bng nhau nhng khc ban u.
B. Khi lng thanh 2 sau nhng nh hn khi lng thanh 1 sau nhng.
C. Khi lng thanh 1 sau nhng nh hn khi lng thanh 2 sau nhng.
D. Khi lng hai thanh khng i vn nh trc khi nhng.
Cu 20. Cho a mol Fe vo dung dch cha b mol dung dch AgNO3. a v b c quan h nh th no thu c
dung dch Fe(NO3)3 duy nht sau phn ng?
A. b =2a.
B. b a.
C. b=3a.
D. b a.
IN PHN
Cu 1. Khi in phn dung dch NiSO4 anot xy ra qu trnh: H2O 2e 2H+ + 1/2O2. Nh vy anot c
lm bng
A. Zn.
B. Cu.
C. Ni.
D. Pt.
Cu 2. Trong dung dch cha cc ion: SO42-, Na+, K+, Cu2+, Cl-, NO3-, dy cc ion no khng b in phn ?
A. Na+, SO42-, Cl-, K+
B. Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42C. Cu2+, K+, NO3-, ClD. Na+, K+, NO3-, SO42Cu 3. c kim loi tinh khit cao ngi ta dng phng php no sau y?
A. thy luyn
B. nhit luyn
C. in phn
D. thy luyn v nhit luyn
92
Cu 4. in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot bng ng nhn thy mu xanh ca dung dch hu nh khng thay
i l do
A. s in phn khng xy ra.
B. thc cht l s in phn nc.
C. ng va to ra catot li tan ngay.
D. lng ng tan ra anot bng lng ng bm vo catot.
Cu5. in phn dung dch ca cht no thc cht l in phn nc?
A. HCl.
B. CuSO4.
C. Na2SO4.
D. AlCl3.
Cu 6. iu no l ng trong cc cu sau?
A. Khi in phn dung dch CuSO4 th pH ca dung dch tng dn.
B. Khi in phn dung dch NaCl th pH ca dung dch gim dn.
C. Khi in phn hn hp dung dch CuSO4 + NaCl th pH ca dung dch khng i.
D. Khi in phn hn hp dung dch HCl + NaCl th pH ca dung dch tng dn.
Cu7. Khi in phn dung dch AgNO3 trong 10 pht thu c 1,08g bc catot. Cng dng in dng
trong qu trnh in phn l
A. 1,6A.
B. 1,8A.
C. 16A.
D. 18A.
Cu8. in phn 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M vi in cc tr cng dng in l 9,65 A n khi catot bt
u thot kh th thi gian in phn l (Ag = 108)
A. 1000 s.
B. 1500 s.
C. 2000 s.
D. 2500 s.
Cu 9. in phn dung dch Cu(NO3)2 vi cng dng in 9,65A n khi bt u c kh thot ra catot th
dng li, thi gian in phn l 40 pht. Khi lng Cu sinh ra catot l
A. 7,68 gam.
B. 15,3 gam.
C. 6,4 gam.
D. 3,2 gam.
Cu10. in phn nng chy hon ton 1,9 g mui clorua ca mt kim loi ha tr 2 thu c 0,48 gam kim loi
catot. Kim loi cho l
A. Zn.
B. Ca.
C. Mg.
D. Cu.
Cu 11. in phn hon ton 200ml dung dch CuSO4 nng aM vi in cc graphit, khi lng dung dch
gim 16 gam. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,75.
B. 1,5.
C. 0,5.
D. 1.
Cu 12. in phn dung dch mui nitrat ca kim loi R cha bit ha tr, thy catot tch ra 5,4 gam kim loi,
anot thot ra 0,28 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi R l
A. Fe.
B. Cu.
C. Ag.
D. Pb.
Cu 13. in phn 250 ml dung dch CuSO4 n khi va mt mu xanh ca dung dch th thy khi lng dung
dch gim 8 g. Nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4 ban u l
A. 0,4M.
B. 0,5M.
C. 0,1M.
D. 0,2M.
Cu14. in phn NaCl nng chy vi cng I = 1,93A trong thi gian 6 pht 40 giy th thu c 0,1472
gam Na. Hiu sut in phn l
A. 100%.
B. 90%.
C. 80%.
D. 75%.
Cu 15. in phn 40ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M vi cng I = 10A trong thi gian t, ta thy c 224ml kh
(ktc) thot ra anot. Gi thit rng cc in tr v hiu sut in phn l 100%. Khi lng catot tng ln bao
nhiu?
93

A. 1,28g
B. 2,56g

C. 1,92g
D. 0,87g
Cu 16. in phn dung dch cha 1,35 gam mui Clorua ca mt kim loi cho n khi catot c kh thot ra th
ngng, thu c 22,4ml kh anot (ktc). Kim loi l
A. Zn
B. Mg
C. Cu
D. Al
Cu 17. in phn dung dch CuSO4 mt thi gian thu c tng th tch kh l 11,2 lt (kc). Trong mt na
lng kh c sinh ra t cc dng v mt na c sinh ra t cc m. Khi lng CuSO4 c trong dung dch l
A. 40 gam.
B. 20 gam.
C. 10 gam.
D. 80 gam.
Cu 18. in phn dd mui MCln vi in cc tr, Khi catot thu c 16g kim loi M th anot thu c 5.6 lt
kh (ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Cu
B. Zn
C. Fe
D. Ag
Cu 19. in phn 500ml dung dch AgNO3 vi in cc tr cho n khi catot bt u c kh thot ra th ngng.
trung ha dd sau in phn cn 800ml dd NaOH 1M. Nng mol AgNO3, v thi gian in phn l bao nhiu
bit I=20A?
A. 0.8M. 3860s
B. 1.6M. 3860s
C. 3.2M. 360s
D. 0.4M. 380s
Cu 20. in phn 2 lt dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr v dng in mt chiu c cng I=10A cho n
khi catot bt u c kh thot ra th ngng thy phi mt 32 pht 10 giy. Nng mol CuSO4 ban u v pH dung
dch sau phn ng l bao nhiu? (Cu=64;Ag=108;S=32;N=14;O=16)
A. [Ag(NO3)]=0.5M, pH=1
B. [Ag(NO3)]=0.05M, pH=10
C. [Ag(NO3)]=0.005M, pH=1
D. [Ag(NO3)]=0.05M, pH=1
Cu 21. in phn c mng ngn in cc tr 100ml dd MgCl2 0.15M vi cng dng in 0.1A trong 9650
giy. Tnh nng mol cc ion trong dung dch sau in phn bit th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k.
A. [Mg2+]=0.01M, [Cl-]=0.02M
B. [Mg2+]=0.1M, [Cl-]=0.2M
C. [Mg2+]=0.001M, [Cl-]=0.02M
D. [Mg2+]=0.01M, [Cl-]=0.2M
Cu 22. in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0.32gam Cu catot v mt lng
kh X anot. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng). Sau phn ng
nng NaOH cn li l 0.05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dung dch
NaOH l?
A. 0.15M
B. 0.2M
C. 0.1M
D. 0.05M
Cu 23. in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr c mng ngn xp). dung
dch sau in phn lm dung dch phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l ? (bit ion
SO42- khng b in phn trong dung dch)?
A. b>2a
B. b=2a
C. b<2a
D. 2b=a
Cu 24. in phn c mng ngn 150 ml dd BaCl2. Kh thot ra anot c th tch l 112 ml (ktc). Dung dch
cn li trong bnh in phn sau khi c trung ha bng HNO3 phn ng va vi 20g dd AgNO3 17%.
Nng mol dung dch BaCl2 trc in phn l?
A. 0.01M
B. 0.1M
C. 1M
D. 0.001M
Cu 25. in phn 200 ml dung dch mui nitrat kim loi M ha tr I in cc tr cho n khi b mt catot xut
hin bt kh th ngng in phn. trung ha dung dch sau in phn phi cn 250 ml dd NaOH 0.8M. Nu
ngm 1 thanh Zn c khi lng 50 g vo 200 ml dung dch mui nitrat trn, phn ng xong khi lng l Zn tng
thm 30.2% so vi khi lng ban u. Tnh nng mol mui nitrat v kim loi M?
A. [MNO3]=1M, Ag
B. [MNO3]=0.1M, Ag
C. [MNO3]=2M, Na
D. [MNO3]=0.011M, Cu
94
Cu 26. Cho cng dng in I = 5A dung dch KCl c mng ngn. Khi dng in phn anot thu c 3.36
lt kh (ktc), bit dung dch sau in phn gm hai cht tan, thi gian in phn l:
A. 4537 giy
B. 6587 giy
C. 5790 giy
D. Tt c sai
Cu 27. in phn in cc tr 200 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 n khi bt u c bt kh thot ra catot th dng,
yn dung dch n khi khi lng catot khng i thy khi lng so vi khi lng lc u tng 3.2 g. Nng
mol/l ca dung dch Cu(NO3)2 ban u khi cha in phn l
A. 0.25 M.
B. 0.05 M.
C. 0.2 M.
D. 2.5 M.
Cu 28. in phn mt dd hn hp gm HCl, CuCl2, NaCl vi in cc tr c mng ngn. Kt lun no sau y
sai:
A. Qu trnh in phn CuCl2, pH khng i.
B.Th t in phn l: CuCl2, HCl, NaCl, H2O.
C.Qu trnh in phn H2O pH khng i
D.Qu trnh in phn dd HCl i km vi s gim pH.
Cu 28. in phn in cc tr 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 n khi bt u c bt kh thot ra catot th dng,
yn dung dch n khi khi lng catot khng i thy khi lng so vi khi lng lc u tng 1.08g. Nng
mol/l ca dung dch AgNO3 ban u khi cha in phn l
A. 0.1 M.
B. 0.01 M.
C. 0.2 M.
D. 2.5 M.
Cu 29. in phn hon ton mt dung dch X gm 0.5 mol KCl v 0.2 mol CuSO4 thu c dung dch Y. Dung
dch Y tc dng MgCl2 d thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m:
A. 5.8 gam
B. 8.5 gam
C. 2.2 gam
D. 2.9 gam
Cu 30. Cho mt s cp oxi ha kh ca mt s kim loi c sp xp theo ng th t ca chng trong dy in
ha nh sau: Na+/Na; Mg2+/Mg; Al3+/Al; 2H+/H2. Gi s nu in phn mt dung dch cha NaCl, MgCl2, AlCl3,
sau mt thi gian, thu c kt ta A gm hai cht. Hai cht trong A l
A. Al v Mg.
B. Mg v Na. C. Al(OH)3 v Mg(OH)2.
D. Al2O3 v MgO.
ha nh sau: Na+/Na; Mg2+/Mg; Al3+/Al; 2H+/H2. Gi s nu in phn mt dung dch cha 1mol NaCl, 1 mol
MgCl2, v 1 mol AlCl3, n khi anot bt u c oxi thot ra th dng li. Dung dch thu c sau in phn cha:
A. NaCl, MgCl2 v AlCl3.
B. NaOH, Mg(OH)2 v Al(OH)3.
C. NaOH.
D. NaAlO2.
ha nh sau: K+/K; Mg2+/Mg; Al3+/Al; Fe2+/Fe; 2H+/H2; Cu2+/Cu;Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag.
Nu in phn mt dung dch cha NaNO3, Mg(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3, HNO3. Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3, n khi
nc bt u b in phn hai in cc th dung dch thu c gm:
A. NaNO3 v KNO3
B. Al(NO3)3 v HNO3
C. NaNO3, KNO3 v HNO3
D. NaNO3, KNO3 v Al(NO3)3
Cu 32. C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt
thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A.0.
B.1.
C.2.
D.3.
Cu 33. Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra
A.s kh ion Cl-.
B.s oxi ho ion Cl-. C.s oxi ho ion Na+.
D.s kh ion Na+.
Cu 34. in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M
(in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau
95
in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l

A.4,05.
B.2,70.
C.1,35.
D.5,40.
Cu 35. in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg Al
catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp
kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l

A.108,0.
B.75,6.
C.54,0.
D.67,5.
S N MN KIM LOI
Cu 1. Mt s ho cht c trn ngn t c khung bng kim loi. Sau 1 thi gian, ngi ta thy khung kim
loi b g. Ho cht no di y c kh nng gy ra hin tng trn?
A. Ancol etylic.
B. Dy nhm.
C. Du ho.
D. Axit clohydric.
Cu 2. Bit rng ion Pb2+ trong dung dch oxi ha c Sn. Khi nhng hai thanh kim loi Pb v Sn c ni vi
nhau bng dy dn in vo mt dung dch cht in li th
A. c Pb v Sn u b n mn in ho.
B. c Pb, Sn u khng b n mn in ho.
C. ch c Pb b n mn in ho.
D. ch c Sn b n mn in ho.
Cu 3. Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau : Fe v Pb; Fe v Zn; Fe v Sn; Fe v Ni. Khi
nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe b ph hy trc l
A. 4
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
Cu 4. Khi lu trong khng kh m mt vt bng st ty (st trng thic) b sy st su ti lp st bn trong, s
xy ra qu trnh:
A. Sn b n mn in ha.
B. Fe b n mn in ha.
C. Fe b n mn ha hc.
D. Sn b n mn ha hc.
Cu 5. bo v v tu bin lm bng thp ngi ta thng gn vo v tu (phn ngm di nc)
nhng tm kim loi
A. Cu.
B. Zn.
C. Sn.
D. Pb.
Cu 6: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt
thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 7. Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dung dch cht in li
th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:
A. I, II v III.
B. I, II v IV.
C. I, III v IV.
D. II, III v IV.
IU CH KIM LOI
Cu 1. Khi iu ch kim loi, cc ion kim loi ng vai tr l cht
A. b kh.
B. nhn proton.
C. b oxi ho.
D. cho proton.
Cu 2. loi b kim loi Cu ra khi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu m khng lm thay i khi lng ca Ag trong

hn hp, ngi ta ngm hn hp kim loi trn vo lng d dung dch
A. AgNO3.
B. HNO3.
C. Cu(NO3)2.
D. Fe(NO3)3.
Cu 3. Cht khng kh c st oxit ( nhit cao) l
A. Cu.
B. Al.
C. CO.
D. H2.
96
Cu 4. Hai kim loi c th iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn l

A. Ca v Fe.
B. Mg v Zn.
C. Na v Cu.
D. Fe v Cu.
Cu 5. Phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi Ca t CaCl2 l

A. nhit phn CaCl2.
B. in phn CaCl2 nng chy.
C. dng Na kh Ca2+ trong dung dch CaCl2.
D. in phn dung dch CaCl2.
Cu 6. Phng trnh ho hc no sau y th hin cch iu ch Cu theo phng php thu luyn ?
A. Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4
B. H2 + CuO Cu + H2O
C. CuCl2 Cu + Cl2
D. 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2
Cu 7. Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gm CuO, Al2O3, MgO (nung nng). Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c cht rn gm
A. Cu, Al, Mg.
B. Cu, Al, MgO.
C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg.
D. Cu, Al2O3, MgO.
Cu 8. Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao. Sau phn ng
hn hp rn cn li l
A. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO.
B. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg.
C. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO.
D. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.
Cu 9. Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3.
B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3.
D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
Cu 10. Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca chng l:
A. Ba, Ag, Au.
B. Fe, Cu, Ag.
C. Al, Fe, Cr.
D. Mg, Zn, Cu.
Cu 11. Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra
A. s kh ion Cl-.
B. s oxi ho ion Cl-. C. s oxi ho ion Na+. D. s kh ion Na+.
Cu 12. Cho E
o
Zn
/ Zn
0,76V ,
o
Pb
/ Pb
0,13V . Xc nh xut in ng chun ca pin in ho Zn-
Pb
A. +6,3V
C. - 0,89V
B. - 0,63V
D. 0,89V
Cu 13. Phn ng no di y xy ra theo chiu thun? Bit gi tr th in cc chun nh sau:

Mg 2
Zn 2
Pb 2
Cu 2
Mg
Zn
Pb
Cu
0
E -2,37
-0,76
-0,13
+0,34
A. Zn + Mg2+ Zn2+ + Mg
B. Zn + Pb2+ Zn2++Pb
C. Cu + Pb2+ Cu2++Pb
D. Cu + Mg2+ Cu2++ Mg
Cu 14. Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm CuO v
Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,448.
B. 0,112.
C. 0,224.
D. 0,560.
97
Cu 15. Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO, Fe2O3 ( nhit

cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch
Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,120.
B. 0,896.
C. 0,448.
D. 0,224.
Cu 16. Thi mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng thu c 2,32 gam
hn hp rn. Ton b kh thot ra cho hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 5 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,22 gam.
B. 3,12 gam.
C. 4,0 gam.
D. 4,2 gam.
Cu 17. Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng n khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A. 0,8 gam.
B. 8,3 gam.
C. 2,0 gam.
D. 4,0 gam.
Cu 18. Cho dng kh CO d i qua hn hp (X) cha 31,9 gam gm Al2O3, ZnO, FeO v CaO th thu c 28,7
gam hn hp cht rn (Y). Cho ton b hn hp cht rn (Y) tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt H 2
(kc). Gi tr V l
A. 5,60 lt.
B. 4,48 lt.
C. 6,72 lt.
D. 2,24 lt.
Cu 19. Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe2O3. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng mgam hn hp X nung nng.
Sau khi kt thc th nghim thu c 64 gam cht rn A trong ng s v 11,2 lt kh B (ktc) c t khi so vi H 2 l
20,4. Tnh gi tr m.
A. 105,6 gam.
B. 35,2 gam.
C. 70,4 gam.
D. 140,8 gam.
Cu 20. Trn 8,1 gam bt Al vi 48 gam bt Fe2O3 ri cho tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng
c khng kh, kt thc th nghim lng cht rn thu c l
A. 61,5 gam.
B. 56,1 gam.
C. 65,1 gam.
D. 51,6 gam.
Cu 21. kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 cn 0,05 mol H2. Mt khc ha tan hon
ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c thu c th tch kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht) iu
kin tiu chun l
A. 448 ml.
B. 224 ml.
C. 336 ml.
D. 112 ml.
Cu 22. Thi t t V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H2 i qua mt ng ng 16,8 gam hn hp 3 oxit: CuO,
Fe3O4, Al2O3 nung nng, phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn v mt hn hp kh v hi
nng hn khi lng ca hn hp V l 0,32 gam. Tnh V v m.
A. 0,224 lt v 14,48 gam.
B. 0,672 lt v 18,46 gam.
C. 0,112 lt v 12,28 gam.
D. 0,448 lt v 16,48 gam.
Cu 23. Cho 4,48 lt CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit st n khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th
tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l
A. FeO; 75%.
B. Fe2O3; 75%.
C. Fe2O3; 65%.
D. Fe3O4; 65%.
98
Cu 24. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng ng 0,01 mol FeO v 0,03 mol Fe2O3 (hn hp A) t nng. Sau khi
kt thc th nghim thu c 4,784 gam cht rn B gm 4 cht. Ho tan cht rn B bng dung dch HCl d thy
thot ra 0,6272 lt H2 ( ktc). Tnh s mol oxit st t trong hn hp B. Bit rng trong B s mol oxit st t bng
1/3 tng s mol st (II) oxit v st (III) oxit.
A. 0,006.
B. 0,008.
C. 0,01.
D. 0,012.
Cu 25. Kh hon ton 24 gam hn hp CuO v FexOy bng H2 d nhit cao thu c 17,6 gam hn hp 2
kim loi. Khi lng H2O to thnh l
A. 1,8 gam.
B. 5,4 gam.
C. 7,2 gam.
D. 3,6 gam.
Cu 26. Kh ht m gam Fe3O4 bng CO thu c hn hp A gm FeO v Fe. A tan va trong 0,3 lt dung dch
H2SO4 1M cho ra 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Tnh m?
A. 23,2 gam.
B. 46,4 gam.
C. 11,2 gam.
D. 16,04 gam.
Cu 27. Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe2O3 un nng, sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn X gm Fe,
FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan hon ton X bng H2SO4 c, nng thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y, lng
mui khan thu c l
A. 20 gam.
B. 32 gam.
C. 40 gam.
D. 48 gam.
Cu 28. Trn 0,81 gam bt nhm vi bt Fe2O3 v CuO ri t nng tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c
hn hp A. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO3 un nng thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht)
ktc. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,224 lt.
B. 0,672 lt.
C. 2,24 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
Cu 29. Cho 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe (nAl = nFe) vo 100 ml dung dch Y gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau
khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn A gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan hon ton cht rn A vo dung dch HCl d
thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc) v cn li 28 gam cht rn khng tan B. Nng CM ca Cu(NO3)2 v ca
AgNO3 ln lt l
A. 2M v 1M.
B. 1M v 2M.
C. 0,2M v 0,1M. D. kt qu khc.
Cu 30. Cho mt lung CO i qua ng s ng 0.04 mol hn hp A gm FeO v Fe2O3 t nng. Sau khi kt thc
th nghim thu c cht rn B gm 4 cht nng 4,784 gam. Kh i ra khi ng s hp th vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2
d, th thu c 4,6 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng FeO trong hn hp A l
A. 68,03%.
B. 13,03%.
C. 31,03%.
D. 68,97%.
Cu 31. kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 th cn 0,05 mol H2. Mt khc ha tan
hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng th thu c th tch kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy
nht ktc) l.
A. 224 ml.
B. 448 ml.
C. 336 ml.
D. 112 ml.
Cu 32. Hn hp A gm Al v Fe2O3 c khi lng trung bnh l M A . Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm, sau mt
thi gian thu c hn hp B c khi lng phn t trung bnh l M B . Quan h gia M A v M B l
99

A. M A = M B .
B. M A > M B .
C. M A < M B .
D. M A M B .
Cu 33. Kh hon ton mt lng oxit st cn V lt H2. ha tan hon ton lng st sinh ra trn trong dung dch
HCl thy to ra V lt H2. Bit V > V (cc kh o cng iu kin). Cng thc oxit st l
A. Fe2O3.
B. FeO.
C. Fe3O4.
D. Fe2O3 v Fe3O4.
Cu34. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nhit cao mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 6,72 g
hn hp gm 4 cht rn khc nhau (A). em ha tan hon ton hn hp ny vo dung dch HNO 3 d thy to
thnh 0,448 lt kh B duy nht c t khi so vi H2 bng 15. m nhn gi tr l
A. 5,56.
B. 6,64.
C. 7,2.
D. 8,81.
Cu 35. thu ly Ag tinh khit t hn hp X (gm a mol Al2O3, b mol CuO, c mol Ag2O), ngi ta
ho tan X bi dung dch cha (6a + 2b + 2c) mol HNO3 c dung dch Y, sau thm (gi thit
hiu sut cc phn ng u l 100%)
A.c mol bt Al vo Y.
C.2c mol bt Al vo Y.
B.c mol bt Cu vo Y.
D.2c mol bt Cu vo Y.
Cu 36. thu c Al2O3 t hn hp Al2O3 v Fe2O3, ngi ta ln lt:
A.dng kh H2 nhit cao, dung dch NaOH (d).
B.dng kh CO nhit cao, dung dch HCl (d).
C.dng dung dch NaOH (d), dung dch HCl (d), ri nung nng.
D.dng dung dch NaOH (d), kh CO2 (d), ri nung nng.
Cu 37. ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO bng s mol
Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A.0,23.
B.0,18.
C.0,08.
D.0,16.
Cu 39. Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm
CuO v Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32
gam. Gi tr ca V l
A.0,448.
B.0,112.
C.0,224.
D.0,560.
KIM LOI KIM, KIM TH, NHM
PHN L THUYT
A.
KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT CA CHNG
KIM LOI KIM
1. V tr v cu to
- Nm u mi chu k (tr chu k 1)
- Gm: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs v Fr(phng x)
2. Cu to v tnh cht ca kim loi kim
- Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng c dng: ns1
- Bn knh nguyn t nh, nng lng ion ha nh, tnh kh mnh nht, trong hp cht c s oxi ha c trng l
+1
R R1+ + 1e
- Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c cu to tinh th lp phng tm khi
3. L tnh
- Do lin kt trong tinh th kim loi kim km bn vng, nn nhit nng chy , nhit si thp hn cc kim
loi khc.
100
I.
- Khi lng ring nh do cu to mng tinh th km c kht

- Cc kim loi kim mm do lin kt kim loi trong mng tinh th yu
4. Ha tnh
C tnh kh mnh nht trong s cc kim loi
a. Tc dng vi phi kim
4Na +O22Na2O
2K + Cl22KCl
b. Tc dng vi axit
2K+2HCl2KCl + H2
c. Tc dng vi nc
2R + 2H2O 2ROH + H2
5. iu ch
in phn nng chy hp cht RX, hay ROH
II.
HP CHT CA CHNG
1. Natri hiroxit: NaOH
- NaOH l cht rn, khng mu, ht m, d tan trong nc
- L baz mnh khi tan trong nc phn li hon ton to Na+ v , lm qu tm ha xanh
- Tc dng vi axit, dung dch mui, oxit axit
- NaOH c iu ch bng cch in phn dung dch NaCl (bo ha)c mng ngn

2NaCl +2H2O
2NaOH + H2 +Cl2
2. Natrihirocacbonat v natricacbonat
NaHCO3
- Tc dng vi axit
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2
- Trong dung dch NaHCO3 b thy phn to mi trng baz (baz yu)
NaHCO3Na+ +3
3 + H2O H2CO3 +
- Km bn d b phn hy di tc dng ca nhit: 2NaHCO3Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
- Tc dng vi dung dch baz
NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
Na2CO3
- Tc dng vi axit
Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
- Trong dung dch Na2CO3 b thy phn to mi trng baz (baz mnh)
Na2CO3Na+ +32
32 + H2O 3 +
Sau ion 3 tip tc b thy phn tip
B.
KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT CA CHNG
I.
KIM LOI KIM TH
1. V tr v cu to
- Trong mi chu k ng sau kim loi kim
- Thuc nhm IIA gm: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba v Ra (phng x)
2. Cu to v tnh cht ca kim loi kim
- Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng c dng: ns2
- Trong hp cht c s oxi ha c trng l +2
R R2+ + 2e
- Kiu mng tinh th
+ Cc nguyn t Be, Mg c cu to tinh th lc phng.
+ Cc nguyn t Ca, Sr c cu to tinh th lp phng tm din
+ Nguyn t Ba c cu to tinh th lp phng tm khi
3. L tnh
101
- Nhit nng chy , nhit si tng i thp.

- cng cao hn kim loi kim nhng mm hn Al v nhng kim loi nh v c d<5g/cm3 (do kiu mng tinh
th khng ging nhau)
4. Ha tnh
C tnh kh mnh (ch km kim loi IA)
2Ca +O22CaO
Ba + Cl2BaCl2
b. Tc dng vi axit
Ca+2HClCaCl2 + H2
c. Tc dng vi nc
R + 2H2O R(OH)2 + H2
5. iu ch
in phn nng chy hp cht RX2
II.
HP CHT KIM LOI KIM TH
1. Canxihiroxit: Ca(OH)2
- Ca(OH)2 l cht rn mu trng, t tan trong nc
- Dung dch Ca(OH)2 cn gi l nc vi trong, l baz mnh.
Ca(OH)2Ca2+ + 2
Ca(OH)2+2HNO3Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
Ca(OH)2 + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + CaSO4
2. Canxi cacbonat: CaCO3
- Cht rn mu trng khng tan trong nc
- Tan trong nc c cha kh CO2
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2
+ chiu thun gii thch s xm thc ca vi khi nc c ha tan CO2
+ chiu nghch gii thch cho s hnh thnh thch nh trong hang ng
- L mui ca axit yu nn phn ng vi nhng axit mnh hn
CaCO3+2HNO3Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O + CO2
3. Canxi sunfat:CaSO4
+ CaSO4 l cht rn, mu trng, t tan trong nc
+ Ty theo lng nc kt tinh m ta c 3 loi
- Thch cao sng: CaSO4.2H2O (sn xut xi mng)
- Thch cao nung: CaSO4.H2O hoc CaSO4.0,5H2O (dng lm phn vit bng, b bt, nn tng)
- Thch cao khan: CaSO4.
III. NC CNG
1. Khi nim
- Nc c nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+ gi l nc cng.
- Nc khng cha hoc cha t nhng ion trn, gi l nc mm.
2. Phn loi nc cng
Ty thuc vo thnh phn anion gc axit c trong nc cng, chia thnh 3 loi
- Nc cng tm thi l nc cng c cha aion hirocacbonat HCO3-, di dng mui tan Ca(HCO3)2,
Mg(HCO3)2.
- Nc cng vnh cu l nc cng c cha cc ion clorua Cl hoc sunfat 42, di dng mui CaCl2,
CaSO4, MgSO4, MgCl2.
- Nc cng ton phn: l nc cng cha 2 loi nc cng trn
3. Cc bin php lm mm nc cng
a. Nguyn tc: Lm gim nng ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong nc bng phng php kt ta hoc thay th
chng bng nhng cation khc khng gy ra tnh cng cho nc.
b. Phng php kt ta
Nc cng tm thi
+ un si ngui, lc b kt ta ta c nc mm
102
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2

+ Dng nc vi trong va
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O
Nc cng vnh cu
Dng dung dch Na2CO3, Na3PO4
R2+ + 32 RCO3
R2+ + 43 Ca3(PO4)2
c. Phng php trao i ion
Cho nc cng cng i qua cht trao i ion (ionit), cht ny hp th Ca2+, Mg2+ v gii phng Na+, H+ ta
thu c nc mm
C. NHM HP CHT CA NHM
I.
NHM
1. V tr v cu to
- Al: 1s22s22p63s23p1. Al thuc chu k 3, nhm IIIA, th 13.
- S OXH trong cc hp cht: +3.
- Nhm c cu to mng lp phng tm din.
2. Ha tnh
C tnh kh mnh (ch km kim loi IA, IIA)
a.Tc dng vi phi kim
4Al +3O22Al2O3
2Al+ 3Cl22AlCl3
b. Tc dng vi axit
Axit loi 1
2Al+6HCl2AlCl3 + 3H2
Axit loi 2
- Al khng phn ng vi HNO3 c ngui, H2SO4
- Al kh c N+5, S+6 xung mc oxi ha thp hn
Al+4HNO3Al(NO3) 3 + NO + 2H2O
c. Tc dng vi nc
- Vt bng Al khng tc dng vi nc v trn b mt c lp mng mng nhm oxit bo v bn vng.
- Nu ph b lp Al2O3, Al tc dng vi nc nhit thng theo phng trnh
2Al+6H2O2Al(OH) 3 +3H2 . Phn ng ny nhanh chng dng li v Al(OH)3 keo bao kn b
mt Al, khng cho Al tip xc vi H2O
d. Tc dng vi dung dch kim
2Al + 2NaOH +2H2O2NaAlO2 + H2
Hay: 2Al + 2NaOH +6H2O2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2
e. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi sau Al (p/ nhit nhm)
2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe
f. Tc dng vi dung dch mui
2Al + 3CuSO4 Al2(SO4)2 + 3Cu
3. iu ch
- Tinh ch qung boxit
- in phn nng chy Al2O3, c mt criolit (Na3AlF6). Vic trn thm criolit nhm
+ H nhit nng chy ca Al t 2050 xung 900
+ Tng tnh dn in
+ Bo v nhm khng b oxi ha
II. HP CHT CA NHM
1. Nhm oxit: Al2O3
-Al2O3 l cht rn mu trng, khng tan trong nc
- Al2O3 l oxit lng tnh
Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4]
103
natri aluminat
2. Nhm hiroxit: Al(OH)3
- Al(OH)3 kt ta keo trng khng tan trong nc v c tnh cht lng tnh:
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O
Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4]
- Al(OH)3 khng bn vi nhit: 2Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3H2O

- iu ch: Al(OH)3
Cho mui Al3+ tc dng vi dung dch baz
AlCl3 + 3NH3 +3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
Hoc:
Al3+ +3(
) Al(OH)3
Ch :
Na[Al(OH)4] trong mi axit to Al(OH)3
Na[Al(OH)4] + CO2 Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3
Al3+ trong mi trng baz mnh to kt ta Al(OH)3 sau kt ta tan. Cn trong mi trng
baz yu kt ta Al(OH)3 khng tan trong baz d
- AlCl3 + 3NH3 +3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
- Al3+ +3(
) Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + ()
4( )
3. Phn chua
K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O (hay KAl (SO4)2.12H2O) dng lm trong nc
PHN TRC NGHIM
Cu 1. Nguyn t kim loi kim c c im no khng ging nhau?
A. S e lp ngoi cng u bng 1.
B. u c s oxi ha +1 trong cc hp cht.
C. u c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
D. u c cng nhit nng chy.
Cu 2. Kim loi kim c tnh kh mnh nht l do
A. kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi, cng v nhit nng chy thp.
B. bn knh nguyn t ln, khi ring nh.
C. Bn knh nguyn t ln, nng lng ion ha thp.
D. s electron ngoi cng t.
Cu 3. Cc kim loi t bc chy trong khng kh nhit thng l
A. Rb, Cs
B. Li, Na
C. Rb, Co
D. K, Na
Cu 4.Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t kim loi kim l

A. ns1.
B. ns2.
C. ns2np1.
D. (n-1)dxnsy.
Cu 5. Phng php iu ch kim loi kim l
A. kh oxit bng kh CO.
B. in phn nng chy mui halogenua hoc hiroxit ca chng.
C. in phn dung dch mui halogenua.
D. cho Al tc dng vi dung dch mui.
Cu 6. C cc dung dch NaOH (1), Na2CO3(2), NaHCO3 (3), NaCl (4). Dung dch c mi trng baz (pH > 7) l
A. (1), (2), (3).
B. (1), (2), (4).
C.(1), (3), (4).
D. (2), (3), (4).
Cu 7. Cc dung dch NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 c mi trng baz do
A. u l mui ca kim loi mnh Na.
104
B. trong dung dch b thy phn to OH-.

C. tc dng c vi dung dch axit.
D. u l mui ca axit yu.
Cu 8. C cc kim loi Na, K, Cu, Al, Fe, Mg, Ba. S kim loi tan c trong dung dch NaOH l
A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
Cu 9. Cho s phn ng: Na X NaHCO3 Y Z Na.
X, Y, Z ph hp ln lt l cc cht
A. NaCl, Na2CO3, NaOH
B. NaOH, Na2CO3, Na2SO4
C. NaOH, Na2CO3, NaCl
D. Na2SO4, NaCl, Na2CO3
Cu10. Trong phn ng sau : HCO3- + HOH CO32- + H3O+ , ion HCO3- v HOH ln lt c vai tr l
A. axit v baz.
B. baz v axit.
C. cht kh v cht oxi ha.
D. lng tnh v trung tnh.
Cu 11. Cho t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung dch cha Na2CO3. Hin tng quan st c l
A. si bt kh ngay lp tc.
B. lc u khng c hin tng sau c bt kh.
C. khng c hin tng g.
D. c kt ta ri tan.
Cu 12. Cho Ba vo dung dch Na2CO3 s thy hin tng
A. Si bt kh
B. Ba tan vo dung dch
C. C kt ta trng
D. Ba tan, si bt kh, c kt ta trng
Cu 13. Cho Ba n d vo ln lt cc dung dch: NH4Cl (1), Na2CO3 (2), K2SO4 (3), AlCl3 (4), Mg(NO3)2 (5),
KOH (6) s thy hin tng kt ta cc dung dch
A. (2),(3),(5)
B. (2),(3),(4)
C. (2),(3),(4),(5)
D. (3),(4),(5)
Cu 14. Hn hp cht rn tan ht trong dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) l
A. BaO, MgO B. ZnO, Fe(NO3)2
C. Al(OH)3, Cu
D. K2O, Al
Cu 15. Dn t t kh CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2. Hin tng quan st c l

A. c kt ta.
B. c kt ta ri tan, sau li xut hin kt t.
C. c kt ta sau kt ta tan.
D. phi rt lu mi c kt ta, kt ta khng tan.
Cu 16. Cho s iu ch kim loi Ba sau:
BaO X Y Ba. X, Y ph hp ln lt l cc cht
A. BaCl2, BaSO4
B. Ba(OH)2, BaCl2
C. Ba(NO3)2, BaCl2
D. Mg, Be, BaCl2
Cu 17. iu ch Mg thc hin:
A. in phn dung dch MgCl2
C. Dung dch MgCl2 + K
dpnc
B. MgCl2
Mg+ Cl2
to
D. CaO + H2
Ca + H2O
Cu 18. Thuc th phn bit cc kim loi ring bit Al, Ba, Fe l
A. dd NaOH
B. dd HCl
C. H2O
Cu 19. Thuc th phn bit cc cht MgO, Mg, BaO, Ba l
A. dd NaOH
B. dd HCl
C. dd H2SO4
D. dd HNO3
D. H2O
105
Cu 20. Mt loi nc c cha Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3- v Cl-. Nc trn thuc loi
A. nc cng ton phn.
B. nc mm.
C. nc cng vnh cu.
D. nc cng tm thi.
Cu 21. lm mt cng tm thi ca nc c th dng
A. Ca(OH)2, HCl
B. Na2CO3, NaHCO3
C. Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3
D. KOH, KCl
Cu22. Cn trng bm trong rut phch nc nng c cng thc l
A. CaSO4.
B. CaCO3.
C. Ca(HCO3)2.
Cu23. Cng thc ho hc ca phn chua l
A. K2SO4.24H2O.
C. KAl(SO4)2.12H2O.
D. Ca(OH)2.
B. Al2(SO4)3.12H2O.
D. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.12H2O.
Cu24. Kim loi no c bn knh nguyn t ln nht?

A. Na.
B. Li.
C. K.
D. Cs.
Cu25. Cation R3+ c cu hnh lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Nguyn t R l

A. Na.
B. N.
C. Ca.
D. Al.
Cu26. ng dng no khng phi ca thch cao nung (CaSO4.0,5H2O)

A. B bt khi gy xng.
B. Vt chu nhit.
C. Phn vit bng.
D. Kh chua.
Cu 27. Nguyn nhn khin phn chua K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O c th lm sch nc l
A. Phn t phn c kh nng hp ph cht bn trn b mt.
B. Khi ho tan vo nc s xut hin kt ta Al(OH)3 ko cht bn xung khin nc tr nn trong hn.
C. Cht bn s hp ph cc ion K+, Al3+ do mui phn phn li ra.
D. Do nguyn nhn khc.
Cu 28. Tecmit l hn hp ca Al v
A. Al v Cr2O3.
B. Al v Fe2O3.
C. Al v SiO2.
D. Fe v TiO2.
Cu 29. Dy oxit kim loi no sau y u tan trong H2O to ra baz kim?
A. K2O, MgO, BaO.
B. K2O, BaO, SrO.
C. MgO, BeO, CaO.
D. BeO, K2O, BaO.
Cu 30. Cc pht biu sau v kim loi nhm IIA:
a. Nhit nng chy v nhit si cao hn kim loi nhm IA.
b. Tt c u mm c th ct c bng dao.
c. Tt c khi lng ring nh hn so vi nhm.
d. Nng lng ion ha thp (cao hn kim loi nhm IA).
Cc pht biu ng:
A.a,d
B. a,b
C. c,d
D. b,c
Cu 31. Ba cht rn CaO, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 c c im chung l

A. u d dng tan trong nc
B. u tc dng d dng vi CO2
C. u tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4
D. u tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl
106

Cu 32. Phn ng no sau y khng ng?
A. Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
B. Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2

B. BeO + H2O Be(OH)2
C. Be + 2NaOH Na2BeO2 + H2
Cu 33. Dng cht no sau y khnglm mm c nc cng vnh cu

A. Ca(OH)2.
B. Na2CO3.
C. Na3PO4.
D. HCl.
Cu 34. C th loi tr tnh cng tm thi bng cch un si v
A. Mg2+, Ca2+ kt ta di dng hp cht khng tan.
B. khi un si c cht kh bay ra.
C. khi un si lm tng tan ca cc cht kt ta.
D. nc si 100 oC.
Cu 35. Kim loi no c iu ch bng phng php in phn nng chy oxit?
A. Fe.
B. Cu.
C. Pb.
D. Al.
Cu 36. Trong i sng, mui hirocacbonat c nhiu ng dng trong thc t, mt trong nhng ng dng l ch
to nc gii kht, mui hirocacbonat l
A. NaHCO3.
B. KHCO3.
C. Ba(HCO3)2.
D. Mg(HCO3)2.
Cu 37. Tnh cht no khng ng vi cc kim loi kim?
A. Kim loi kim rt mm, c th ct bng dao.
B. Kim loi kim trong khng kh nhanh chng b mt nh kim.
C. Cho kim loi kim vo dung dch phenolphtalein trong nc thu c mt dung dch mu hng.
D. Khi cho kim loi kim vo dung dch HCl th kim loi kim phn ng vi H2O trc.
Cu 38. M t no di y v tnh cht vt l ca nhm l cha chnh xc?
A. Mu trng bc
B. L kim loi nh
C. Mm, d ko si v dt mng
D. Dn in v nhit tt, tt hn cc kim loi Fe v Cu
Cu 39. Trng hp no di y to kt ta sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton?
A. Thm d NaOH vo dd AlCl3
B. Thm d AlCl3 vo dd NaOH
C. Thm d HCl vo dd Na Al (OH ) 4
D. Thm d CO2 vo dd NaOH
Cu 40. Phng trnh phn ng no sau y vit khng ng?
A. CaCl2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaCl.
B. Ca(HCO3)2 +2 NaOH Ca(OH)2 + 2NaHCO3.
C. Al2O3 +2 NaOH +3H2O 2 NaAl(OH)4.
D. Al(OH)3 + KOH KAl(OH)4.
Cu 41. Kim loi c th tan trong dung dch NaOH d l
A. Na, Fe, Al
B. Ca, Ba, Al
C. Zn, Al, Cu
C. Zn, Li, Mg
Cu 42. nhn bit cc dung dch : KCl, MgCl2, AlCl3, NaOH khng th chn
A. dung dch NaOH.
B. dung dch qu tm.
C. phenolphtalein.
D. dung dch K2SO4.
Cu 43. Cho vo dung dch AlCl3 mt lng Na t t n d. Sau phn ng c hin tng sau cng
107

A. Al kt ta
C. Dung dch trong sut

B. Al kt ta v Al(OH)3
D. Dung dch trong sut ri li c kt ta
Cu 44. Cho mt mu Al vo dung dch HNO3 va thu c dung dch X v khng c kh thot ra. Cht tan
cha trong X l:
A. Al(NO3)3
B. Al(NO3)3, HNO3
C. Al(NO3)3, NH4NO2
D. Al(NO2)3, NH4NO3
Cu 45. Hn hp X cha Na2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng nhau. Cho hn hp X
vo H2O (d), un nng, dung dch thu c cha
A. NaCl, NaOH.
B. NaCl.
C. NaCl, NaHCO3, NH4Cl, BaCl2.
D. NaCl, NaOH, BaCl2.
Cu 46. Trong cc dung dch: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2, dy gm cc cht u tc
dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l:
A. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2.
B. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4.
C. NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2.
D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Na2SO4.
Cu47. C cc cht bt mu trng sau: CaCO3, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, CaSO4.2H2O
Ngi ta s dng bao nhiu phn ng trong qu trnh nhn bit cc cht trn ch bng HCl v nc?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu48. Cho cc cht sau: CaCl2, Na2CO3, HCl, KOH. C ti a bao nhiu cp cht xy ra phn ng?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 49. in phn dung dch NaF, sn phm thu c l
A. H2, F2, dung dch NaOH
B. H2, O2, dung dch NaOH
C. H2, O2, dung dch NaF
D. H2, dung dch NaOF
Cu 50. Cho s phn ng: Mg(OH)2 X MgCO3 Y Z Mg. X, Y, Z ln lt ph hp l:
A. Mg(NO3)2, MgCl2, MgSO4
B. MgO, MgCl2, MgSO4
C. MgSO4, MgO, MgCl2
D. MgBr2, MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2
Cu 51. Cho s phn ng:
Ca X Ca(OH)2 Y CaCO3 Z Ca. X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. Ca(NO3)2, CaCl2, Ca(OH)2
B. CaO, CaCl2, CaSO4
C. CaSO4, Ca(NO3)2, CaCl2
D. CaO, Ca(HCO3)2, CaCl2
Cu 52. Cho dung dch cha cc ion sau: Na+, Ca2+, Ba2+, H+, Cl-. Mun tch c nhiu cation ra khi dung dch
m khng a ion l vo dung dch, ta c th cho dung dch tc dng vi cht no trong cc cht no sau y?
A. Dung dch K2CO3 va .
B. Dung dch Na2SO4 va .
C. Dung dch KOH va .
D. Dung dch Na2CO3 va .
Cu 53. Phn ng gia Na2CO3 v H2SO4 theo t l 1:1. V s mol c phng trnh phn ng ion rt gn l:
A. CO32- + 2H+ H2CO3
B. CO32- + H+ HCO3C. CO32- + 2H+ H2O + CO2
D. 2Na+ + SO42- Na2SO4
Cu 54. Cho t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung dch NaHCO3 (1) v dung dch Na2CO3 (2). Hin tng quan
st c l
A. c (1) v (2) u c bt kh ngay lp tc
B. C (1) v (2) u t t mt lc mi c bt kh
C. (1) c kh ngay, (2) t t mt lc mi thy c kh
D. (2) c kh ngay, (2) t t mt lc mi c kh
108
Cu 55. C th nhn bit cc dung dch: NaCl, MgCl2 , AlCl3 bng 1 thuc th no sau y?
A. dung dch AgNO3.
B. dung dch NaOH.
C. dung dch H2SO4.
D. dung dch NH3.
Cu 56. C th phn bit dung dch cc cht : NH4Cl, NaCl, MgCl2, FeCl2 bng thuc th no sau y?
A. dung dch H2SO4.
B. dung dch CuSO4.
C. dung dchNaOH.
D. H2O.
Cu 57. Chn mt thuc th phn bit cc cht rn Na, Al, Al2O3, Mg.
A. Dung dch NaOH.
B. Dung dch HCl.
C. Dung dch H2SO4.
D. H2O.
Cu 58. Cho chuyn ha sau: X NaAlO2 X Z Al. Cc cht X, Y, Z ph hp ln lt vi cc
cht sau
A. Al2O3, Al(OH)3, AlCl3
B. Al(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, AlCl3
C. Al, Al(OH)3, Al2O3
D. Al2O3, AlCl3, Al2O3
Cu 59. Cc cht Al, Al2O3, Al(OH)3 khng tan c trong
A. dd HNO3 long
B. dd HCl, H2SO4 long
B. dd Ba(OH)2, NaOH
D. H2O, dd NH3
Cu 60. Th nghim (1) cho t t n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3.
Th nghim (2) cho t t n d dung dch NH3 vo dung dch AlCl3.
Hin tng quan st c:
A. C hai th nghim u c kt ta ri tan.
B. C hai th nghim u c kt ta ri khng tan.
C. Th nghim (1) c kt ta ri tan, th nghim (2) c kt ta ri khng tan.
D. Th nghim (2) c kt ta ri tan, th nghim (1) c kt ta ri khng tan.
Cu 61. Th nghim (1) cho t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung dch NaAl(OH)4.
Th nghim (2) cho t t n d kh CO2 vo dung dch Na(AlOH)4.
Hin tng quan st c:
A. c hai th nghim u c kt ta ri tan.
B. c hai th nghim u c kt ta ri khng tan.
C. th nghim (1) c kt ta ri tan, th nghim (2) c kt ta ri khng tan.
D. th nghim (2) c kt ta ri tan, th nghim (1) c kt ta ri khng tan.
Cu 62. Thuc th nhn bit cc cht rn: K, K2O, Al, Al2O3 l
A. dd NaOH
B. dd HCl
C. H2O
D. dd HNO3
Cu 63. Cho cc cht rn CaCO3, Mg(OH)2, K2CO3, NaCl. Ch dng H2O v dung dch HCl s nhn bit c ti
a bao nhiu cht?
A. 1 cht.
B. 2 cht.
C. 3 cht .
D. 4 cht.
Cu 64. Trung ho 500ml dung dch hn hp gm KOH 1M v NaOH 0,4M cn dng Vml dung dch HCl 2M.
Gi tr ca V l
A. 35ml.
B. 350ml.
C. 500ml.
D. 50ml.
Cu 65. Cho 10 g mt kim loi kim th tc dng vi nc thu c 6,11 lt H2 (25oC v 1 atm). Tn ca kim loi
l
A. Mg.
B. Ca.
C. Ba.
D. Sr.
Cu 66. Cho 2,7g Al phn ng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d . Th tch kh H2 thu c ktc l
A. 3,36 lt.
B. 0,336 lt.
C. 2,24 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
109
Cu 67. in phn nng chy 4 gam hiroxit ca kim loi IA thu c 0,56 lt kh ktc anot. Kim loi l
A. Li
B. Na
C. K
D. Rb
Cu 68. Cho 4,6 gam Na vo 200ml dung dch CuSO4 1M. Sau phn ng rn thu c l
A. 6,4g.
B. 19,6g.
C. 9,8g Cu(OH)2.
D. 9,8g Cu(OH)2, 48g CuSO4.
Cu 69. Ha tan hn hp Na v 1 kim loi IA vo nc dung dch X. dung dch X c cn c 1,6 gam rn.
Nu trung ha dung dch X cn 50ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Kim loi l
A. Li
B. Na
C. K
D. Rb
Cu 70. Nung nng 27,4 gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 n khi lng khng i c 21,2 gam. S
mol ca Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 ban u ln lt l
A. 0,1 v 0,2
B. 0,2 v 0,1
C. 0,1 v 0,1
D. 0,2 v 0,2
Cu 71. Cho a mol Na2O vo 400ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch c nng 1,25M. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,075
B. 0,05
C. 0,04
D. 0,02
Cu 72. in phn nng chy mui clorua kim loi IA. Ti anot c 0,224 lt kh thot ra ( 0 oC, 2 atm). Lng
kim loi sinh ra tan ht trong nc thu c 56 gam dung dch A nng 4%. M l
A. Li
B. Na
C. K
D. Rb
Cu 73. Cho t t 200ml dung dch HCl 2M vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,1 mol NaHCO3 v 0,4 mol Na2CO3.
Th tch CO2 thu c (ktc) s l
A. 2,24 lt
B. 3,36 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 5,6 lt
Cu 74. Dn 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 100ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,8M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton lng kt
ta thu c l
A. 19,7g
B. 15,76g
C. 11,82g
D. 3,94g
Cu 75. Dn x mol CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 10g kt ta. Gi tr x ln nht l
A. 0,1
B. 0,14
C. 0,22
D. 0,12
Cu 76. Mt kim loi X em tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl thu c 11,1 gam mui. Cng lng kim loi
X trn tan ht trong nc c 7,4 gam hiroxit. X ph hp vi
A. Ba
B. Ca
C. Na
D. K
Cu 78. Cho 13,7g Ba vo 200ml dung dch MgSO4 1M. Sau phn ng lng kt ta thu c l
A. 23,3g
B. 5,8g
C. 46,6 g
D. 29,1g
Cu 79. Cho 7,2g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat kim loi IIA lin tip tan ht trong dung dch axit. Lng kh sinh ra
dn vo 450ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M c 15,76 g kt ta. Dung dch sau khi lc b kt ta em nung nng thy
c kt ta na. Hai kim loi l
A. Be, Mg
B. Mg, Ca
C. Ca, Sr
D. Sr, Ba
Cu 80. 40ml dung dch NaOH 0,09 M c pha thnh 100ml v thm vo 30ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c
dung dch c pH l
A. 11,66
B. 12,38
C. 12,8
D. 9,57
Cu 81. Cn thm bao nhiu gam KCl vo 450g dung dch 8% ca mui ny s thu c dung dch 12%
A. 20,45g
B. 25,04g
C. 24,05
D. 45,20g
110
Cu 82. Nung 13,4g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ca ha tr II, thu c 6,8g cht rn v kh X.
Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75ml dd NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l
A. 5,8g
B. 6,5g
C. 4,2g
D. 6,3g
Cu 83. Cho 115g hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 0,448 lt CO2
(ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l
A. 115,22g
B.151,22g
C. 116,22g
D. 161,22g
Cu 84.Hpthhonton4,48ltkhCO2(ktc)vo500mldungdchhnhpgmNaOH0,1M v Ba(OH)20,2M, sinh ra
mgam kt ta. Gi trca ml
A. 9,85.
B. 17,73.
C. 19,70.
D. 11,82.
Cu 85. Cho 17 gam oxit ca mt kim loi M (ho tr III) tc dng ht vi dung dch H 2SO4 thu c 57 gam
mui sunfat. M c nguyn t khi l
A. 27
B. 52
C. 55
D. 56
Cu 86. Cho 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 40 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 ta thu c 12 gam kt ta A. Nng mol ca
dung dch Ca(OH)2 l
A. 0,004M
B. ,002M
C. 0,006M
D. 0,008M
Cu 87. Nung 50 gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng khng thay i cn li 34,5 gam
rn. Thnh phn % khi lng ca NaHCO3 trong hn hp ban u l
A. 63%
B. 84%
C. 42%
D. 16%
Cu 88.Ha tan 4 gam mt kim loi cha r ha tr trong dung dch HCl d thy khi lng dung dch tng thm
3,8g. Kim loi l
A. Mg.
B. Na.
C. Ca.
D. Fe.
Cu 89. Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H 2SO4 0,5M, thu
c 5,32 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l
A. 1.
B. 7.
C. 2.
D. 6.
Cu
90.ChohnhpgmNavAlctlsmoltngngl1:2vonc(d).Saukhicc
phnngxyrahonton,thuc8,96ltkhH2(ktc)vmgamchtrnkhngtan.Gitrca ml
A. 43,2.
B. 7,8.
C. 5,4.
D. 10,8.
Cu 91. Cho 100 ml dung dch hn hp CuSO4 1M v AlCl3 1M phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta
nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi lng l
A. 8 gam.
B. 4 gam.
C. 8,9 gam.
D. 9,8 gam.
Cu92. Cho m gam Al tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 th thy thot ra 1,12 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm N2,
NO, N2O c t l mol tng ng l 2:1:2. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,7 gam.
B. 1,68 gam.
C. 3,51 gam.
D. 1,89 gam.
Cu 93. Rt V ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo cc cha 200ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 1M n khi lng kt ta t ln
nht. Gi tr ca V l
A. 600 ml.
B. 700 ml.
C. 1200 ml.
D. 1400ml.
Cu 94. Trn 12,15 gam bt Al vi 72 gam Fe2O3 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng c
khng kh, kt thc th nghim khi lng cht rn thu c l
A. 92,25 gam
B. 84,15 gam
C. 97,65 gam
D. 77,4 gam
111
Cu 95. Ha tan 5,4 gam bt Al vo 150ml dung dch cha Fe(NO3)3 1M v Cu(NO3)2 1M. Kt thc phn ng thu
c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,95
B. 13,20
C. 13,80
D. 15,20
Cu 96. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp Al v Fe trong lng d dung dch H2SO4 long thot ra 13,44 lt kh (ktc).
Mt khc cng ha tan m gam hn hp trn trong lng d dung dch NaOH th thu c 10,08 lt kh (ktc). Gi
tr ca m l
A. 16,50
B. 19,20
C. 20,55
D. 29,25
Cu 97. Mt hn hp Al, Fe2O3 em tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Nu nung nng
hn hp n phn ng hon ton thu c 18,2g rn. Khi lng Al, Fe2O3 ban u ln lt l
A. 2,7g; 16g
B. 2,7g; 8g
C. 2,7g; 15,5g
D. 2,7g; 24g
Cu 98. em hn hp Al v Al(OH)3 tan ht trong dung dch NaOH c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Nu em hn hp
trn nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c duy nht 10,2g mt cht rn. S mol Al v Al(OH) 3
ln lt l
A. 0,15mol v 0,05mol
B. 0,1mol v 0,05mol
C. 0,15mol v 0,1mol
D. 0,1mol v 0,1mol
Cu 99. em 15 gam hn hp A gm Al v Cu cho vo dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). Nu
em lng A trn cho vo dung dch HNO3 long d, s mol NO thu c l
A. 0,2 mol
B. 0,5 mol
C. 0,3 mol
D. 1,2 mol
Cu 100. Cho mt lng bt Al vo dung dch CuSO4 d, ly rn thu c cho tc dng dung dch HNO3 d thy
sinh ra 2,24 lt NO (ktc). Nu em lng Al trn tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 s thu c th tch N2 (ktc)
l:
A. 0,672 lt
B. 0,896 lt
C. 0,448 lt
D. 0,336 lt
Cu 101. Mt hn hp X gm Al v Fe2O3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hon ton thu c hn hp Y. em
Y tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 7,84 lt H2 (ktc). Nu cho Y tc dng NaOH d thy c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Khi
lng Al trong hn hp X l
A. 2,7g
B. 8,1g
C. 10,8g
D. 5,4g
Cu 102. Ho tan ho ton m gam bt Al vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 8,96 lit kh (ktc) hn hp X gm NO
v N2O c t l mol 1 : 3 (khng to sn phm kh khc). Gi tri ca m l
A. 24,3g
B. 42,3g
C. 25,3g
D. 25,7g
Cu 103. Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca
m l
A.10,8.
B.5,4.
C.7,8.
D.43,2.
Cu 104. Cho cc cht: Al, Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, K2SO3, (NH4)2CO3. S cht u phn
ng c vi dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH l
112

A.4.
B.5.

C.7.
D.6.
CH :
A. KIM LOI Al, Zn, Pb, Sn, Cr TC DNG VI BAZ
Cn ch n 2 kim loi sau: Al, Zn, Phng trnh phn ng khi tc dng vi baz:
3
Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + H2
2
Zn + 2NaOH
Na2ZnO2 + H2
- Oxit ca 2 kim loi ny ng vai tr l oxit axit v tc dng vi baz nh sau:
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
ZnO + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2O
- Hidroxit(baz) ca 2 kim loi ny ng vai tr l axit v tc dng vi baz nh sau:
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O
Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O
- Kt ta Al(OH)3 tan trong dung dch kim mnh v axit nhng khng tan trong dung dch kim yu
nh dung dch NH3. Kt ta Zn(OH)2 tan li trong dung dch NH3 do to phc cht tan
V d: Al2(SO4)3 + 6NH3 + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3(NH4)2SO4
- Do khi cho mui ca mt kim loi c hidroxit lng tnh tc dng vi dung dch kim, lng kt
ta s c to thnh theo 2 hng:
+ Lng kim dng thiu hoc va nn ch c mt phn mui phn ng. Ngha l c s to kt ta
Al(OH)3, HOC Zn(OH)2 nhng kt ta khng b tan li.
+ Lng kim dng d nn mui phn ng ht to kt ta ti a sau kim ha tan mt phn
hoc han ton kt ta.
Thng s c 2 p s v lng kim cn dng.
a. Khi c anion MO2(4-n)- vi n l ha tr ca M: V d: AlO2-, ZnO22-
Cc phn ng s xy ra theo ng th t xc nh:
Th nht: OH- + H+ H2O
- Nu OH- d, hoc khi cha xc nh c OH- c d hay khng sau phn ng to MO2(4-n)- th ta ga
s c d
Th hai: MO2(4-n)- + (4-n)H+ + (n-2)H2O M(OH)n
+
- Nu H d sau phn ng th hai th c phn ng tip theo, khi cha xc nh c H+ c d hay khng
sau phn ng to M(OH)n th ta gi s c d
Th ba: M(OH)n+ nH+ Mn+ + nH2O
b. Khi c cation Mn+:
V d: Al3+, Zn2+
- Nu n gin th cho sn ion Mn+; phc tp hn th cho thc hin phn ng to Mn+ trc bng cch
cho hp cht cha kim loi M hoc n cht M tc dng vi H+, ri ly dung dch thu c cho tc
dng vi OH-. Phn ng c th xy ra theo th t xc nh :
Th nht: H+ + OH- H2O (nu c H+
- Khi cha xc nh c H+ c d hay khng sau phn ng th ta ga s c d.
Th hai: Mn+ + nOH- M(OH)n
- Nu OH- d sau phn ng th hai, hoc khi cha xc nh chnh xc lng OH- sau phn ng th hai
th ta gi s c d.
Th ba: M(OH)n + (4-n)OH- MO2(4-n)- + 2H2O
+
- Nu cho H (hoc OH- d th khng bao gi thu c kt ta M(OH)n v lng M(OH)n phn ng
th hai lun b ha tan ht phn ng th ba, khi kt ta cc tiu; cn khi H+ hoc (OH-) ht sau
phn ng th hai th phn ng th ba s khng xy ra kt ta khng b ha tan v kt ta t ga tr cc
113
i* PP TH
: Rt t t dung dch kim n d- vo dung dch cha a mol mui Al3+ hoc
Zn2+. Sau phn ng thu -c b mol kt ta.
* S mol OH- phn ng l:
x = 3b (mol)
y = 4a - b (mol).
S mol Al(OH)3
a
b
S mol OHx
3a
4a
S mol Zn(OH)2
a
b
S mol OH-
x
* S mol OH- phn ng l:
2a
y
x = 2b (mol)
y = 4a - 2b (mol).
4a
Dng 3: Rt t t dung dch axit n d- vo dung dch cha a mol mui AlO2hoc ZnO22-. Sau phn ng thu -c b mol kt ta.
S mol Al(OH)3
a
b
S mol H+
x
a
y
* S mol OH phn ng l:
x = b (mol)
y = 4a - 3b (mol).
S mol Zn(OH)2
4a
a
b
S mol H+
Cu 1. Cho 3.42 gam Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi 25 ml dung dch NaOH to ra c 0.78 gam kt ta.
Nng mol ca NaOH dng l?
A. 1.2M
B. 2.8M
C. 1.2 M v 4M
D. 1.2M hoc 2.8M
114
Cu 2. Cho 150 ml dung dch NaOH 7M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 1M . Xc nh nng
mol/l NaOH trong dung dch sau phn ng.
A. 1M
B. 2M
C. 3M
D. 4M
Cu 3. Trong mt cc ng 200ml dung dch AlCl3 2M. Rt vo cc Vml dung dch NaOH c nng
a mol/lt, ta c mt kt ta; em sy kh v nung n khi lng khng i c 5.1g cht rn. Nu
V= 200ml th a c gi tr no?
A. 2M B. 1.5M hay 3M
C. 1M hay 1.5M
D. 1.5M hay 7.5M
Cu 4. Ho tan a(g) hn hp bt Mg-Al bng dung dch HCl thu c 17.92 lit kh H2 (ktc). Cng
lng hn hp trn ho tan trong dung dch NaOH d thu c 13.44 lt kh H2 (kc), a c gi tr l:
A. 3.9
B. 7.8
C. 11.7
D. 15.6
Cu 5. Cho a mol AlCl3 vo 200g dung dch NaOH 4% thu c 3.9 g kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0.05
B. 0.0125
C. 0.0625
D 0.125
Cu 6. Cho 200ml dung dch H2SO4 0.5M vo mt dung dch c cha a mol NaAlO2 c 7.8 g kt
ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0.025
B. 0.05
C. 0.1
D. 0.125
Cu 7. Cho 18.6 gam hn hp gm Zn v Fe tc dng va vi 7.84 lt Cl2(ktc). Ly sn phm thu
c ha tan vo nc ri cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M. Th tch NaOH cn dng lng kt
ta thu c l ln nht v nh nht ln lt l?
A. 0.7 lt v 1.1 lt
B. 0.1 lt v 0.5 lt
C. 0.2 lt v 0.5
D. 0.1 lt v 1.1
Cu 8. C mt dung dch cha 16.8 g NaOH tc dng vi dung dch c ha tan 8 gam Fe2(SO4)3. Sau
li thm vo 13.68 gam Al2(SO4)3. T cc phn ng ta thu c dung dch A c th tch 500 ml v
kt ta. Nng mol cc cht trong dung dch A l?
A. [Na2SO4=0.12M], [NaAlO2=0.12M]
B. [NaOH=0.12M], [NaAlO2=0.36M]
C. [NaOH=0.6M], [NaAlO2=0.12M]
D. [Na2SO4=0.36M], NaAlO2=0.12M]
Cu 9. Ha tan 21 gam hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 bng HCl c dung dch A v 13.44 lt H2 (ktc).
Th tch dung dch (lt) NaOH 0.5M cn cho vo dung dch A thu c 31.2 gam kt ta l?
A. 2.4
B. 2.4 hoc 4
C. 4
D. 1.2 hoc 2
Cu 10. Ha tan 3.9 gam Al(OH)3 bng 50ml NaOH 3M c dung dch A. Th tch dung dch(lt) HCl
2M cn cho vo dung dch A xut hin tr li 1.56 gam kt ta l?
A. 0.02
B. 0.24
C. 0.06 hoc 0.12
D. 0.02 hoc 0.24
Cu 11. 200 ml gm MgCl2 0.3M; AlCl3 0.45 M; HCl 0.55M tc dng hon ton vi V(lt) gm NaOH
0.02M v Ba(OH)2 0.01M. Ga tr ca V(lt) c kt ta ln nht v lng kt ta nh nht l?
A. 1.25 lt v 1.475 lt
B. 1.25 lt v 14.75 lt
C. 12.5 lt v 14.75 lt
D. 12.5 lt v 1.475 lt
Cu 12. Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na2O v Al2O3 tc dng vi H2O cho phn ng hon ton thu
c 200 ml dung dch A ch cha mt cht tan duy nht c nng 0.5M. Thi kh CO2 d vo dung
dch A c a gam kt ta. Ga tr ca m v a l?
A. 8.2g v 78g
B. 8.2g v 7.8g
C. 82g v 7.8g
D. 82g v 78g
Cu 13. Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo mt lng d nc th thot ra V lt kh. Nu
cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH (d) th c 1,75V lt kh. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi
lng ca Na trong X l (bit cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin, cho Na = 23, Al = 27)
A.39,87%.
B.77,31%.
C.49,87%.
D.29,87%.
115
Cu 14. Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, thu c 940,8 ml kh
NxOy (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) c t khi i vi H2 bng 22. Kh NxOy v kim loi M l
A.NO v Mg.
B.NO2 v Al.
C.N2O v Al.
D.N2O v Fe.
Cu 15. Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 10%,
thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l
A.101,68 gam.
B.88,20 gam.
C.101,48 gam.
D.97,80 gam.
Cu 16. Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l
A.c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.
C.c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.
B.ch c kt ta keo trng.
D.khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
Cu 17. Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th
cn c t l
A.a : b = 1 : 4. B.a : b < 1 : 4.
C.a : b = 1 : 5. D.a : b > 1 : 4.
Cu 18. Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta
thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27)
A.1,2.
B.1,8.
C.2,4.
D.2.
Cu 19. Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol H2SO4 n
khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta
trn l
A.0,45.
B.0,35.
C.0,25.
D.0,05.
Cu 20. Ho tan ht m gam ZnSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo
X, thu c a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th cng thu c a
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A.20,125.
B.22,540.
C.12,375.
D.17,710.
Cu 21. Cho 400 ml dung dch E gm AlCl3 x mol/lt v Al2(SO4)3 y mol/lt tc dng vi 612 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 8,424 gam kt ta. Mt khc, khi cho400 ml E
tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 (d) th thu c 33,552 gam kt ta. T l x : y l
A.3 : 4.
B.3 : 2.
C.4 : 3.
D.7 : 4.
Cu 22. Mt dung dch hn hp cha a mol NaAlO2 v a mol NaOH tc dng vi mt dung dch cha b
mol HCl. iu kin thu c kt ta sau phn ng l
A. a = b.
B. a = 2b.
C. b = 5a.
D. a < b < 5a.
Cu 23. Dung dch X cha a mol NaAlO2. Khi thm vo dung dch X b mol hoc 2b mol dung dch HCl
a
th lng kt ta sinh ra u nh nhau. T s
c gi tr bng
b
A. 1.
B. 1,25.
C. 1,5.
D. 1,75.
116
B. BI TON NHIT NHM:

Thng gp l phn ng nhit nhm: Gi a l s mol ca Al; b l s mol ca oxit st.(Fe2O3)
I. Nu phn ng xy ra hon ton: Thng do khng bit s mol Al v Fe2O3 l bao nhiu nn phi xt
3 trng hp ri tm nghim hp l:
1. Trng hp 1: Al v Fe2O3 dng va :
a
a
a
a
2
2
a
Hn hp sau phn ng: Fe: a mol; Al2O3: mol
2
2. Trng hp 2: Al dng d: 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe
2b b b 2b
Hn hp sau phn ng: Fe: 2b mol; Al2O3: b mol; Ald: (a-2b) mol.
iu kin: (a-2b>0)
3. Trng hp 3: Fe2O3 dng d: 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe
a
a
a
a
2
2
a
a
Hn hp sau phn ng: Fe: a mol; Al2O3: ; Fe2O3: (b- )mol.
2
2
a
iu kin: (b- )>0)
2
II. Nu phn ng xy ra khng hon ton: Gi x l s mol Fe2O3 tham gia phn ng
2x x x 2x
Hn hp sau phn ng: Fe: 2x mol; Al2O3: x mol; Fe2O3 d: (b-x)mol; Al d: (a-2x)mol
Ch : Nu yu cu tnh hiu sut phn ng ta gii trng hp phn ng xy ra khng hon ton.
Cu 1. Trn 10.8 gam bt nhm vi 34.8g bt Fe3O4 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn
hp A, ha tan ht A bng HCl thu c 10.752 lt H2 (ktc). Hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm v th tch
dung dch HCl 2M cn dng l?
A. 80% v 1.08lt
B. 20% v 10.8lt
C. 60% v 10.8lt
D. 40% v 1.08lt
Cu 2. Nung hn hp A gm Al, Fe2O3 c hn hp B (hiu sut 100%). Ha tan ht B bng HCl d
c 2.24 lt kh (ktc), cng lng B ny nu cho phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d thy cn 8.8g rn
C. Khi lng cc cht trong A l?
A. mAl=2,7g, mFe2O3=1.12g
B. mAl=5.4g, mFe2O3=1.12g
C. mAl=2.7g, mFe2O3=11.2g
D. mAl=5.4g, mFe2O3=11.2g
Cu 3. Hn hp A gm 0.56g Fe v 16g Fe2O3 m (mol) Al ri nung nhit cao khng c khng kh
c hn hp D. Nu cho D tan trong H2SO4 long c ? V(lt) kh nhng nu cho D tc dng vi
NaOH d th thu c 0.25V lt kh. Ga tr ca m l?
A. 0.1233
B. 0.2466
C. 0.12
D. 0.3699
Cu 4. C 26.8g hn hp bt nhm v Fe2O3. Tin hnh nhit nhm cho ti hon ton ri ha tan ht
hn hp sau phn ng bng dung dch HCl c 11.2 lt H2(ktc). Khi lng cc cht trong hn hp
ban u l?
A. mAl=10.8g; m Fe2 O3 =1.6g
B. mAl=1.08g; m Fe2 O3 =16g
117

C. mAl=1.08g; m Fe2 O3 =16g

D. mAl=10.8g; m Fe2 O3 =16g
Cu 5. Hn hp X gm Al v Fe2O3. Ly 85.6 gam X em nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit

nhm, sau mt thi gian thu c m gam cht rn Y. Chia Y lm 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Ha tan trong dung dch NaOH d thy thot ra 3.36lt kh (ktc) v cn li m1
gam cht khng tan.
- Phn 2: Ha tan ht trong dung dch HCl thy thoat ra 10.08 lt kh (ktc). Phn trm khi
lng Fe trong Y l?
A. 18%
B. 39.25%
C. 19.6%
D. 40%
Cu 6. Trn24 gam Fe2O3 vi 10,8 gam Al ri nung nhit cao khng c khng kh. Hn hp thu
c sau phn ng em ha tan vo dung dch KOH d thu c 5,376 lt kh ktc. Hiu sut ca
phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 12,5%.
B. 60%.
C. 80% .
D. 90%.
Cu 7. Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr2O3 v m gam Al t0 cao. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu
c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl (d) thot ra V lt kh H 2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 3,36.
C. 7,84.
D. 10,08.
Cu8. t nng m gam hn hp bt nhm v Fe3O4 trong mi trng khng c khng kh. Sn phm
thu c nu tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt H2 (ktc), nu tc dng vi HCl d thu c
26,88 lt H2 (ktc). m c gi tr l
A. 96,6g.
B. 75,0g.
C. 66,2g.
D. 51,8g.
Cu 9. Cho hn hp bt gm Al v Fe2O3 vo dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng cht rn b gim
50%. Nu thc hin xong phn ng nhit nhm, nghin nh sn phm ri mi cho vo dung dch NaOH
d th khi lng cht rn b gim i l
A. 50%.
B. 65%.
C. 35%.
D. 16,88%.
Cu 10. Cho m gam Al phn ng ht vi hn hp gm CuO v Fe2O3 nhit cao, thu c hn hp
A. Ha tan ht A trong dung dch HNO3 to thnh 0,03 mol NO2 v 0,02 mol NO. m c gi tr l
A. 0,27.
B. 0,54.
C. 0,81.
D. 1,08.
Cu 11. Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe2O3 (trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H2 ( ktc);
- Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc).
Gi tr ca m l
A.22,75
B.21,40.
C.29,40.
D.29,43.
118

CROM ST NG
PHN L THUYT
A.
CROM HP CHT CA CROM

I.
CROM
1. V tr ca crom trong bng tun hon
Crom l kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm VIB, chu k 4, Z = 24.
2. Cu to ca crom
- Cu hnh electron: [Ar]3d54s1
- S oxi ha ph bin: +2, +3, +6
- Cu to ca n cht: Kim loi crom c cu to mng tinh th lc phng.
3. Tnh cht ha hc
to
4Cr + 3O2
2Cr2O3
to
2Cr + 3Cl2 2CrCl3
b. Tc dng vi nc: Crom c th in cc tiu chun nh nhng c lp oxit bn bo v nn khng
phn ng vi nc.
c. Tc dng vi axit
Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2
Cr + 2H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2
Crom khng tc dng vi axit c, ngui nh HNO3, H2SO4.
II. HP CHT CA CROM
1. Hp cht ca crom (II).
a. Crom (II) oxit CrO: cht rn mu en
- L oxit baz: CrO + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2O
to
- L cht kh: 2CrO + O2
Cr2O3
b. Crom(II) hiroxit Cr(OH)2: Cht rn mu vng
- iu ch: CrCl2 + 2NaOH Cr(OH)2 + 2NaCl
- C tnh kh: 4 Cr(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Cr(OH)3
- L mt baz: Cr(OH)2 + 2HCl CrCl2 + 2HOH
c. Mui crom(II)
C tnh kh mnh: CrCl2+ Cl2 CrCl3
2. Hp cht crom (III)
a. Crom(III) oxit (Cr2O3): Cht rn mu lc, l oxit lng tnh
Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2O
Cr2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaCrO2 + H2O
b. Crom (III) hiroxit: Cr(OH)3
- iu ch: CrCl3 + 3NaOH(va ) Cr(OH)3+ 3NaCl
- L hidroxit lng tnh
Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl CrCl3 + 3HOH
Cr(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Cr(OH)4]
c. Mui crom (III)
- C tnh oxi hatrong mi trng axit
2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+
- C tnh kh trong mi trng kim
2Cr3+ + 3Br2 2Cr6+ + 6Br3. Hp cht crom (VI)
a. Crom(VI) oxit CrO3: Cht rn mu thm
- Tnh oxi ha rt mnh, tc dng vi S, P, C, NH3, C2H5OH
2CrO3 + 2NH3 Cr2O3 + N2 + 3H2O
- L mt oxit axit, khi tc dng vi nc to axit cromic(H2CrO4), axit icromic(H2Cr2O7)
CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4
2CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7
119
b. Mui cromat v icromat

C tnh oxi ha mnh, c bit trong mi trng axit mui Cr(VI) b kh thnh mui Cr(III)
K2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO4 + 7H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + 3Fe2(SO4)3+ K2SO4 + 7H2O
K2Cr2O7 + 6KI + 7H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + 4K2SO4 +3I2+ 7H2O
- Trong mi trng thch hp, cc mui Cromat v icromat chuyn ha ln nhau
242( ) + 2H+ 2 72( ) + H2O
ST HP CHT CA ST
I. ST
1. V tr ca st trong bng tun hon
St l kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm VIIIB, chu k 4, Z = 26.
2. Cu to ca st
a. Cu hnh electron
Fe : 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d64s2
Fe2+ : 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d6
Fe3+ : 1s22s22p63s23p6 3d5
S oxi ha c trng: +2, +3
b. Cu to n cht
Tn ti 2 dng tinh th: lp phng tm khi (Fe) v lp phng tm mt (Fe).
3. Tnh cht ha hc
- St l kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh.
-Tu thuc vo tc nhn OXH v /k phn ng m st c th b OXH n Fe+2 hoc
Fe+3.
a. Tc dng vi phi kim: S, O2, Cl2...
-
B.
Fe + S
Fe +
3
2
FeS
Cl2
FeCl3
3Fe +2O2 Fe3O4

b. Tc dng vi axit
Axit loi 1 to mui Fe(II) + H2
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2+ H2
Axit loi 2 to mui Fe(III)
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
St b th ng ho trong axitHNO3 v H2SO4 c, ngui.
c. Tc dng vi nc
nhit cao Fe tc dng vi nc theo phng trnh
3Fe +4H2O
<570
Fe3O4 + 4H2
>570
Fe + H2O
FeO + H2
d. Tc dng vi dung dch mui
Fe + Cu(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Cu
Fe + 3AgNO3d Fe(NO3)3 + 3Ag
Fed + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
4. St trong t nhin
Chim 5% khi lng v tri t, ch yu cc qung sau:
- Qung hematit : Fe2O3 khan
hematit nu: Fe2O3.nH2O
- Qung manhetit: Fe3O4
- Qung xierit: FeCO3
- Qung pirit: FeS2
II. HP CHT CA ST
1. Hp cht st (II)
a. Tnh cht ha hc
Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh
Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e
120
Th d:
C.
I.
3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O

4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 4Fe(OH)3
2FeCl2 + Cl2 2 FeCl3
Oxit v hiroxit st (II) c tnh baz
Fe(OH)2 + 2HClFeCl2 + 2H2O
FeO+ 2HClFeCl2 + H2O
b. iu ch mt s hp cht st (II)
- Oxit st (II)
to
Fe(OH)2
FeO + H2O
to
Fe2O3 + CO
2FeO + CO2
- Hiroxit st (II)
FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + NaCl
Fe2+ + 2OH Fe(OH)2
- Mui st (II)
2. Hp cht st (III)
a. Tnh cht ha hc ca hp cht st (III)
Tnh oxi ha
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
hoc Fe3+ + 3e Feo
Th d: 2FeCl3 + Fe 3 FeCl2
2FeCl3 + Cu 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
2FeCl3 + 2KI 2FeCl2 + 2KCl + I2
Oxit v hiroxit st (III) c tnh baz
Th d: Fe(OH)3 + 3HClFeCl3 + 3H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HCl2FeCl3 + 3H2O
b. iu ch mt s hp cht st (III)
- Oxit st (III): Fe2O3
to
2Fe(OH)3
Fe2O3 + 3H2O
- Hiroxit st (III): Fe(OH)3
FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
-Mui st (III)
Hoc cho Fe, hp cht st (II) tc dng vi cht oxi ha mnh
NG HP CHT CA NG
NG
1. V tr ca ng trong bng tun hon
ng l kim loi chuyn tip, thuc nhm IB, chu k 4, Z = 29.
2. Cu to ca ng
- Cu hnh electron: [Ar]3d104s1
- S oxi ha ph bin: +1, +2
- Cu to ca n cht: Kim loi ng c cu to mng lp phng tm mt.
3. Tnh cht ha hc
to
- Vi oxi: 2Cu + O2
2CuO
to
CuO + Cu Cu2O
to
- Vi phi kim khc: Cu + Cl2
CuCl2
b. Tc dng vi axit
2Cu + 4HCl + O2 2CuCl2 + 2H2O
to
Cu + 2H2SO4()
CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
t
Cu + 4HNO3()
Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
c. Tc dng vi dung dch mui
o
121
II.

HP CHT CA NG
1. ng (II) oxit: CuO
- iu ch bng cch nhit phn
to
2Cu(NO3)2
2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
to
CuCO3.Cu(OH)2
2CuO + CO2 + H2O
to
- CuO c tnh oxi ha: CuO + CO
Cu + CO2
2. ng (II) hiroxit: Cu(OH)2
- iu ch:Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2
- C tnh baz: Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + 2H2O
- Tan trong dung dich NH3: Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
3. ng (II) sunfat: CuSO4
to
CuSO4.5H2O
CuSO4 + H2O
(xanh)
(trng)
4. ng cacbonat baz: CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 (g ng)
D. S LC V MT S KIM LOI: Ni, Zn, Sn, Pb
Niken (Ni)
Chu k 4, nhm
V tr
VIIIB, th 28
Cu hnh e
3d84s2
c trng l +2
S oxi ha
Tnh kh yu hn Fe
Ha tnh
NiNi2+ +2e
Tc dng
vi phi kim
2Ni + O2
500
2NiO
Ni + Cl2 NiCl2
Tc dng vi mt s
dung dch axit. c bit l d tan trong
HNO3 c nng
t thng bn vinc, kk do trn b
mt c lp oxit bo
v
-
Km (Zn)
Chu k 4, nhm
IIB, th 30
3d104s2
c trng l +2
Tnh kh mnh
hn Fe
ZnZn2+ +2e
Tc dng
vi phi kim
2Zn+O2
Thic (Sn)
Chu k 5, nhm IVA,
th 50
4d105s25p2
c trng l +2, +4
Tnh kh yu hn Ni
SnSn2+ +2e
SnSn4+ +4e
Tc dng vi
phi kim
500
500
2ZnO
Sn + O2
SnO2
Tan
trong
dd
kim
Zn + S ZnS
c (NaOH, KOH). Tc dng vi dd
- Tan chm trong dd
baz(NaOH,KOH)
HCl long, HNO3
.
2+
Tc dng vi nhiu long to mui Sn ,H2SO4, HNO3 c
dung dch axit
nng to Sn4+
HCl, H2SO4,
Sn+2HClSnCl2+H2
HNO3 ...
Tc dng vi dd - Tc dng c vi dd
mui ca kim loi mui ca kl ng sauSn.
sau Zn
t thng bn vi
t thng bn
nc, kk do trn b vi nc, kk do
trn b mt c lp mt c lp oxit bo v
oxit bo v
Ch (Pb)
Chu k 6 , nhm IVA,
th 82
4f145d106s26p2
c trng l +2, +4
Tnh kh yu
PbPb2+ +2e
PbPb4+ +4e
Tc dng vi
phi kim
Pb + O2
500
2PbO
Pb + S PbS
Tan chm trong dd
baz nng (NaOH,
KOH).
Pb khng tc dng vi
HCl, H2SO4 long v
mui Pb2+ khng tan
bao bc ngoi kim
loi.
Tc dng c vi dd
mui ca kl ng sau
Sn.
t thng bn vi
nc, kk do trn b
mt c lp oxit bo v
PHN TRC NGHIM

Cu1. trng thi c bn Cr(Z=24) c s e c thn l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C.6.
D. 7.
Cu2. Cu hnh e ca ion Cr3+ l

122

A. (Ar)3d44s1.
B. (Ar)3d3.

C. (Ar)3d5.
D. (Ar)3d24s1.
Cu 3. Ch ra cu ng trong cc cu sau :
a. Crom l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st.
b. Crom l kim loi nn ch to c oxit baz.
c. Crom c nhng tnh cht ho hc ging nhm.
d. Crom c nhng hp cht ging nhng hp cht ca lu hunh
e. Trong t nhin, crom c dng n cht.
f. Phng php sn xut crom l in phn Cr2O3 nng chy.
g. Kim loi crom c th ct c thu tinh.
h. Kim loi crom c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
A. a, b, c
B. a, c, d
C. a, c, d, g
D. a, c, d, h
Cu 4. Trong s cc cp kim loi sau y, cp no c tnh cht bn vng trong khng kh, nc, nh c
lp mng oxit rt mng, rt bn vng bo v?
A. Fe v Al
B. Fe v Cr
C. Al v Cr
D. Mn v Al
Cu 5. Cho phn ng: Cr + Sn2+Cr3+ + Sn
Khi phn ng cn bng h s ca ion Cr3+ l
A. 1
B. 3
C. 2
Cu6. Dng cht no kh Cr(III) oxit thnh Cr t0 cao?
A. H2.
B. CO.
C. Al.
D. 4
D. C.
Cu7. Cho Kaliicromat ha tan vo nc, sau thm vi git dung dch KOH vo. C hin tng g
xy ra?
A. C dung dch mu da cam.
B. C kt ta mu vng.
C. C dung dch mu da cam, sau chuyn sang mu vng.
D. C dung dch mu vng, sau chuyn sang mu da cam.
Cu8. Ngy nay, ngi ta khng dng axit cromic ra cc dng bng thu tinh v
A. axit cromic khng th ra sch dng bng thu tinh.
B. axit cromic rt t tin.
C. hp cht ca crom c tnh cht c hi.
D. axit cromic n mn dng bng thu tinh.
Cu9. Oxit no ch c tnh kh v tnh baz?
A. CrO.
B. Cr2O3.
C. CrO3.
D. Cr2O5 .
Cu10. Cho t t dung dch KOH vo dung dch crom(III)clorua c hin tng
A. to kt ta tng dn n cc i.
B. to kt ta, sau kt ta tan dn to dung dch trong sut.
C. to dung dch trong sut.
D. to kt ta tng dn n cc i , sau tan mt t.
Cu11. Kalicromit c cng thc l
A. KCr(OH)4.
B. K2CrO4.
C. K2Cr2O7.
Cu12. Oxit no khi tc dng vi nc cho ra hn hp 2 axit?

A. CrO.
B. SO3.
C. Cr2O3.
D. CrCl3.
D. CrO3.
Cu13. Cho t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch crom(III)clorua c hin tng
A. to kt ta tng dn n cc i.
123
B. to kt ta, sau kt ta tan dn to dung dch trong sut.

C. to dung dch trong sut.
D. to kt ta tng dn n cc i , sau tan mt t.
Cu14. Phn ng no th hin tnh kh ca hp cht Cr(II)?
A.Cr(OH)2 + HCl.
B. CrSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4.
C. CrCl2+KOH.
D. CrSO4 + Zn.
Cu 15. Pin in ho Cr - Cu trong qu trnh phng in xy ra phn ng:
2Cr (r) + 3Cu2+(dd) 2Cr3+(dd) + 3Cu (r)
Sut in ng ca pin in ho l
A. 0,40 V
B. 1,08 V
C. 1,25 V
D. 2,50 V
Cu16. Trong pin in ha c phn ng : 2Cr + 3Sn3+ 2Cr3+ +3Sn xy ra
A. s oxi ha Cr ti cc m v s kh Sn3+ ti cc dng.
B. s oxi ha Cr ti cc dng v s kh Sn3+ ti cc m.
C. s kh Cr ti cc m v s oxi ha Sn3+ ti cc dng.
D. s kh Cr ti cc dng v s oxi ha Sn3+ ti cc m.
t
Cu17. Phn ng : (NH4)2Cr2O7
N2 + Cr2O3 + H2O thuc phn ng g?
A. S oxi ha kh
.
B. Oxi ha kh ni phn t.
C. Phn ng ha hp.
D. Phn ng khng oxi ha kh.
0
Cu18. CrCl2, CrCl3, K2CrO4 ln lt c tnh cht ho hc l

A. Ch c tnh kh, va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ho, ch c tnh oxi ho.
B. Ch c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ho , ch c tnh kh.
C. Va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ho, ch c tnh kh, ch c tnh oxi ho.
D. Va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ho, ch c tnh oxi ho, ch c tnh kh.
Cu 19. Dung dch X c mu da cam. Nu cho thm vo mt lng KOH, mu ca dung dch
dn dn chuyn sang mu vng ti. T dung dch c mu vng ti thu c nu cho thm vo mt
lng H2SO4, mu ca dung dch li dn dn tr li da cam. X l
A. Dung dch K2Cr2O7
B. Dung dch KMnO4
C. Dung dch K2CrO4
D. Dung dch Br2
Cu 20. Pht biu khngng l:
A. Hp cht Cr(II) c tnh kh c trng cn hp cht Cr(VI) c tnh oxi ho mnh.
B. Cc hp cht CrO, Cr(OH)2 tc dng c vi dung dch HCl cn CrO3 tc dng c
dung dch NaOH.
C. Cc hp cht Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 u c tnh cht lng tnh.
D. Thm dung dch kim vo mui icromat, mui ny chuyn thnh mui cromat.
Cu 21. C cc ion: Ag+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Hg2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Ca2+. S ion m Fe kh c l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 5.
Cu 22. Cc kim loi: Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mg, Al. S kim loi kh c Fe3+ Fe2+ l
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 23. Cho s : Rn X Fe3O4 Y
A. Fe, Fe(NO3)2, Fe2O3.
C. FeO, FeCl2, FeSO4.
Fe(NO3)2 Z. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l
B. Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)3, Fe.
D. Fe, Fe(NO3)3, FeCl2.
124
vi
Cu 24. Cho s : X Fe(OH)2 Y Z Fe. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:

A. Fe(NO3)2, FeSO4, FeCl3
.
B. FeCl2, Fe(NO3)2, FeO.
C. FeO, FeCl2, FeSO4.
D. FeSO4, FeCl3, FeCl2.
Cu 25. iu no sau y khng ng?
A. Fe kh c Fe3+ Fe2+.
C. Ca kh c Fe3+ Fe2+.
B. Fe2+ kh c Ag+ Ag.

D. Ag+ c d ch oxi ha Fe Fe2+.
Cu 26. Cho cc cht Cu, Fe, Ag v cc dung dch HCl, CuSO4, FeCl2. FeCl3. S cp cht c phn ng
vi nhau l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 27. Cc vt dng bng ng lu trong khng kh m thng b bao ph mt lp mng mu
xanh. Hin tng ny l do
A. ng tc dng vi hi nc trong khng kh m to thnh Cu(OH)2 mu xanh.
B. ng b oxi ha bi oxi khng kh to ra CuO ( mu en), CuO tc dng vi hi nc to thnh
Cu(OH)2 mu xanh.
C. trn b mt ng bao ph mt lp mng oxit CuO, CuO tc dng vi CO2 to ra CuCO3 mu
xanh.
D. trong khng kh m vi s c mt ca kh CO2, trn b mt ng b bao ph bi mt lp mng
cacbonat baz mu xanh ( Cu(OH)2.CuCO3).
Cu 28. Kim loi ng tc dng vi dung dch no sau y?
A. HCl.
B.NH3.
C. NaNO3, NH3.
D. KNO3, HCl.
Cu 29. Phn ng no sau y c dng iu ch CuSO4 trong cng nghip?
A. Cu + H2SO4(,t0)
B. Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4
C. Cu +O2 + H2SO4(long)
D. CuO + H2SO4
Cu30. C hin tng g khi cho t t dung dch NH3 vo dung dch CuSO4 cho n d?
A. C kt ta mu trng.
B. C kt ta mu xanh.
C. To dung dch mu xanh thm.
D. C kt ta mu xanh tng dn n cc i, sau tan dn to dung dch mu xanh thm.
Cu 31. Ion no c cu hnh electron khng ging vi kh tr?
A. F-.
B. Mg2+.
C. Al3+.
Cu32. Cu khng b oxi ha bi cht no ?
A. dung dch FeCl2.
C. dung dch AgNO3.
D. Cu2+.
B. dung dch HCl+O2.

D. Cl2.
Cu 33. Pht biu no sau y khng ng?

A. ng d b ko si v dt mng.
B. ng c dn in nh hn bc.
C. dn in ca ng tng nhanh nu c ln tp cht.
D. Dy dn in bng ng c tinh khit ti 99,99%.
Cu34. C phn ng sau: CrCl3 +Cl2 +NaOH X + NaCl + H2O, X l
A. Cr(OH)3.
B. Na2CrO4.
C. Na2Cr2O7.
D. NaCrO2.
Cu 36. Cht no di y l cht kh oxit st trong l cao?

A. H2
B. CO
C. Al
D. Na
125
Cu 37. Phn ng no sau y ng?

A. 4CrCl2 + O2 + 4HCl 4CrCl3 + 2H2O.
B. CrO + 2NaOH + H2O Na2[Cr(OH)4].
C. CrO3 + 6HCl CrCl6 + 3H2O.
D. 3CrO3 + 4NH3 3CrO + 2N2 + 6H2O.
Cu 38. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch CrCl3 trong mi trng NaOH. Sn phm thu c l
A. Na2Cr2O7, NaCl, H2O
B. NaClO3, Na2CrO4, H2O
C. NaCr(OH)4, NaCl, NaClO, H2O
D. Na2CrO4, NaCl, H2O
?
2 ?
Cu39. Cho s sau : Cr
X l hp cht no ca Crom?
A. Na[Cr(OH)4].
B. Cr2(SO4)3.
HCl
NaOH Br
H SO long
?
X
Cl
C. Na2Cr2O7.
D. Na2CrO4.

M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2
MCl2 + 2NaOH M(OH)2 + 2NaCl
4 M(OH)2 + O2 + H2O 4 M(OH)3
M(OH)3 + NaOH NaM(OH)4
M l kim loi no sau y?
A. Fe.
B. Al.
C. Cr.
?
Cu41. Cho s sau : Cr(OH)2
X l hp cht no ca Crom?
A. Na[Cr(OH)4].
B. Cr2(SO4)3.
HCl
D. Pb.
O HCl
NaOH Cl
?
X
2
C. Na2Cr2O7.
D. Na2CrO4.
Cu 42. Cho NaOH d c mt H 2 O2 vo dung dch Cr 3+ . Hin tng quan st c l

A. C kt ta sau kt ta tan to dung dch c mu vng.
B. C kt ta mu vng.
C. Khng c kt ta dung dch xut hin mu vng.
D. C kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan.
Cu 43. C cc phn ng sau:
Fe + HCl X + H2
Fe + Cl2 Y
Fe + H2SO4 Z + H2
Fe + H2SO4 T + SO2 + H2O
X, Y, Z, T ln lt l
A. FeCl2, FeCl3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3.
C. FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO4.
B. FeCl3, FeCl2, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3.

D. FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO4 .
Cu 44. S chuyn ha no ng?

A. FeS2 FeO FeSO4 Fe(OH)2 FeO Fe.
B. FeS2 Fe2O3 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe.
C. FeS2 Fe2O3 Fe(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)2 Fe(OH)2 Fe.
D. FeS2 Fe2O3 Fe Fe(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)2 FeO.
Cu 45. Phn ng no di y khng th xy ra?
A. Fe + 3/2Cl2 FeCl3
B. Cl2 + 2KI 2KCl + I2
C. Fe + 3/2I2 FeI3
D. 2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O
Cu 46. Ha tan hn hp Fe, Fe2O3, CuO vo dung dch H2SO4 long thu c dung dch ch cha cht
tan X duy nht v cn li cht rn Y khng tan. X, Y tng ng l
126

A. FeSO4 v CuO.
C. FeSO4 v Cu.

B. Fe2(SO4)3, v (Fe2O3, CuO).
D. CuSO4 v (Fe, Fe2O3).
Cu47. Mt kim loi M c s khi 54, tng s ht trong ion M2+ l 78. M l nguyn t no sau y
54
54
54
A. 24 Cr .
B. 54
C. 26 Fe .
D. 27 Co .
25 Mn .
Cu48. Cho hn hp Fe3O4, Cu vo dung dch HNO3. Sau phn ng hon ton xy ra thu c dung
dch X, kh NO v cht rn Y. Y khng tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 v c khi lng nh hn ban
u. Thnh phn ca dung dch X l
A. Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2.
B. Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)3.
C. Fe(NO3)2.
D. Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 .
Cu 49. Cho s chuyn ho qung ng thnh Cu
O
O
X
CuFeS2
X
Y
Cu
X, Y ln lt l
A. Cu2O, CuO.
B. CuS, CuO.
C. Cu2S, CuO.
2
D. Cu2S, Cu2O.
Cu 50. Cho 2 mol KI vo dung dch cha kali icromat trong axit sunfuric c c d thu c n
cht X. S mol X l
A. 1 mol
B. 2 mol
C.3 mol
D. 4 mol
Cu 51. Cho 100 ml dung dch hn hp CrCl2 2 M v CrCl3 1 M tc dng vi lng d dung dch
NaOH, thu c kt ta X. Nung X trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht m gam
cht rn Y. m c gi tr l
A. 30,4
B. 22,8
C. 15,2
D. 45,6
Cu52. Cho 37,8 gam hp kim Cr, Al, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH c nng thu c
0,3 mol H2 v b rn khng tan X. Cho X tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl (khng c khng kh),
thu c 0,6 mol H2. Phn trm khi lng Cr trong hp kim l
A. 16,77 %.
B. 41,27 %.
C. 5,16 %.
D. 57,39 %.
Cu
53.
Cho3,2gambtCutcdngvi100mldungdchhnhpgmHNO30,8MvH2SO4
0,2M.Saukhiccphnngxyrahonton,sinhraVltkhNO(snphmkhduynht,ktc). Gitr caVl
A. 0,672.
B. 0,448.
C. 1,792.
D. 0,746.
Cu 54. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp rn A gm Ag, Cu trong dung dch cha hn hp axit
HNO3 v H2SO4 thu c dung dch B cha 0,11 mol hn hp mui nitrat v hn hp kh X (gm 0,05
mol NO v 0,01 mol SO2). Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,24 gam.
B. 9,75 gam.
C. 15,44 gam.
D. 17,36 gam.
Cu 55. Cho 0,2 mol FeSO4 v 0,1 mol CrCl3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, kt ta thu c nung
nng trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c rn Y. Khi lng ca Y l
A. 4 g.
B. 8 g.
C. 9,6 g.
D. 16 g.
Cu 56. Cho 1,58 g hn hp A gm bt Mg v Fe tc dng vi 125ml dung dch CuCl2. Khuy u hn
hp, lc ra kt ta thu c dung dch B v 1,92g cht rn C. Thm vo dung dch B mt lng d
dung dch NaOH long, ly kt ta mi to thnh nung nhit cao thu c 0,7 g cht rn D gm 2
oxit kim loi. S phn ng ha hc xy ra l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 7.
Cu 57. Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng (d), thot ra 0,112 lt
(ktc) kh SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A. FeO
B. FeS2.
C. FeS.
D. FeCO3.
127
Cu 58. Kh 1 lng Fe2O3 bng H2 thu c 2,7 gam H2O v sinh ra hn hp A gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4,
Fe2O3. Ha tan A trong HNO3 th ch to ra V (lt) NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca V (ktc) l
A. 2,24
B. 3,36
C. 4,48
D. 5,6
Cu 59. Nung 8,96g Fe trong khng kh c hn hp A gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. A ha tan va vn
trong dung dch cha 0,5 mol HNO3, bay ra kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. S mol NO bay ra l
A. 0,01 mol.
B. 0,02 mol.
C. 0,03 mol.
D. 0,04 mol.
Cu60. Cho 2,8 gam bt Fe v 2,7 gam bt Al vo dung dch c 0,45 mol AgNO 3. Khi phnng xong
thu c x gam kim loi. x c gi tr l
A. 39,2 gam.
B. 5,6 gam.
C. 43,2 gam.
D. 48,6 gam.
Cu61. Cho 28 gam bt Fe v 3,6 gam bt Mg tc dng vi 200ml dung dch CuSO4 khuy u cho
n khi ht mu xanh , thy khi lng kim loi sau phn ng l 40,8 gam. Nng mol ca dung dch
CuSO4 trc phn ng l
A. 0,250M.
B. 2,75M.
C. 2,50M.
D. 0,275M.
Cu62. Mt dung dch cha 0,1 mol Fe2+, 0,2 mol Fe3+, x mol Cl- v y mol SO42-. Khi c cn dung dch
thu c 52,7g mui khan. Gi tr ca x; y l
A. 0,4 v 0,2.
B. 0,6 v 0,1.
C. 0,1 v 0,2.
D. 0,2 v 0,3.
Cu63. Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp Fe2O3 v CuO n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 1,16
gam hn hp kim loi. Kh i ra dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy to ra 2,5 gam kt ta. Khi lng
hn hp 2 oxit ban u l
A. 2,06g.
B. 2,12g.
C. 2,61g.
D. 1,56g.
Cu64. Cho hn hp gm Fe v 0,1 mol Fe2O3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl va thu c 2,24 lt H2
kc v dung dch X. Ha tan dung dch X vo dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta nung nng trong khng
kh n khi lng khng i thu rn Y. Khi lng rn Y l
A. 16 g.
B. 18 g.
C. 24 g.
D. 36 g.
Cu 65. Cho m gam hp kim Al-Cr ha tan vo dung dch KOH d thu c 3,36 lt H2 kc. Cng m
gam hp kim ny phn ng dung dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lt H2 ktc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,8 g.
B. 5,3 g.
C. 8,9 g.
D. 9,6 g.
Cu66. Dung dch X c cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 c cng nng . Thm mt lng hn hp gm
0,03 mol Al v 0,05 mol Fe vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn Y
gm 3 kim loi. Cho Y vo HCl d gii phng 0,07 gam kh. Nng ca hai mui l
A. 0,3M.
B. 0,4M.
C. 0,42M.
D. 0,45M.
Cu67. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp A gm Mg, Fe2O3 bng dung dch H2SO4 long d thy
thot ra V lt H2 (ktc) v thu c dung dch B. Thm t t NaOH n d vo dung dch B. Kt thc
th nghim, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 20 gam cht
rn. V c gi tr l
A. 22,4 lt.
B. 16,8 lt.
C. 11,2 lt.
D. 5,6 lt.
Cu68. Nhit phn hon ton mt mui nitrat ca kim loi M c ha tr khng i, c 9,4 gam hp
cht rn A v 12,69 gam hn hp kh B. Kim loi M l
A. K.
B. Cu.
C. Zn.
D. Pb.
Cu69.
Cho11,36gamhnhpgmFe,FeO,Fe2O3vFe3O4phnnghtvidungdchHNO3long(d),thuc1,344l
tkhNO(snphmkhduynht,ktc)vdungdchX.Ccndung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr
caml
128

A. 49,09.
B. 34,36.
C. 35,50.
D. 38,72.
Cu70.
Chohnhpbtgm2,7gamAlv5,6gamFevo550mldungdchAgNO31M.Saukhi
ccphnngxyrahonton,thucmgamchtrn.Gitrcaml
A. 54,0.
B. 64,8.
C. 32,4.
D. 59,4.
Cu71. Kh ht m gam Fe3O4 bng kh CO thu c hn hp A gm FeO v Fe. A tan va trong
300ml dung dch H2SO4 1M to dung dch B, c cn dung dch B thu c n gam mui. Gi tr ca m v
n l
A. 23,2g v 45,6g
B. 23,2g v 54,6g
C. 2,32g v 4,56g
D. 69,6g v 45,6g
Cu 72. Cho 0,1 mol Fe vo dung dch cha 0,28 mol AgNO3. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c
dung dch M c thnh phn mol
A. Fe3+ (0,28/3)
B. Fe2+ (0,1), Ag+ (0,08)
C. Fe2+ (0,1), Fe3+ (0,08)
D. Fe2+ (0,02), Fe3+ (0,08)
Cu 73. Cho thanh st X (khng nguyn cht) khi lng 1,5 gam vo dung dch H2SO4 long d.
Dung dch thu c lm mt mu ti a 200ml dung dch KMnO4 nng 0,02M. % khi lng Fe
trong X l
A. 56%.
B. 66,67%.
C. 37, 33%.
D. 74,66%.
Cu 74. Cho 7,22g hn hp Fe v kim loi M c ha tr khng i, chia u thnh 2 phn. Phn 1 tan
ht trong dung dch HCl c 2,128 lt H2 (ktc). Phn 2 tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 c 1,792 lt
NO (ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Mg.
B. Zn.
C. Ba.
D. Al.
Cu 75. Ha tan ht m gam bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch X cha AgNO3 1M v Cu(NO3)2 1M. Sau khi
kt thc phn ng thu c X v 19 gam cht rn Y gm 3 kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,6.
B. 8,4.
C. 10,2.
D. 14.
Cu 76. Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn phm
kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe = 56)
A.0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4.
C.0,02 mol Fe (SO ) v 0,08 mol FeSO .
B.0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d.
D.0,12 mol FeSO4.
2
4 3
Cu 77. Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X

trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
(cho O = 16, Fe = 56)

A.2,52.
B.2,22.
C.2,62.
D.2,32.
Cu 78. Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X
phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l (cho Fe = 56)
A.80.
B.40.
C.20.
D.60.
Cu 79. Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong
phn ng l
A.cht xc tc.
B.cht oxi ho.
C.mi trng.
D.cht kh.
Cu 80. Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu
c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A.Cu(NO3)2.
B.HNO3.
C.Fe(NO3)2.
D.Fe(NO3)3.
Cu 81. Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr2O3 v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng hon
ton, thu c 23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl (d) thot ra
V lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (cho O = 16, Al = 27, Cr = 52)
129
A.7,84.
B.4,48.
C.3,36.
D.10,08.
Cu 82. Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al dng bt tc dng hon ton vi
oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng ht vi Y l
A.57 ml.
B.50 ml.
C.75 ml.
D.90 ml.
Cu 83. Cho 3,2 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v H2SO4
0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A.0,746.
B.0,448.
C.1,792.
D.0,672.
Cu 84. Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt hn hp
gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A.1,0 lt.
B.0,6 lt.
C.0,8 lt.
D.1,2 lt.
Cu 85. Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a m gam
Cu. Gi tr ca m l
A.1,92.
B.3,20.
C.0,64.
D.3,84.
Cu 86. Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l
A.Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2.
C.AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2.
B.Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
D.Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
Cu 87. Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung dch X v
1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh H2
l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.38,34.
B.34,08.
C.106,38.
D.97,98.
Cu 88. Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm
H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thuc l ln
nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A.360.
B.240.
C.400.
D.120.
Cu 89. Ho tan hon ton 14,6 gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 5,6
lt kh H2 ( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi 14,6 gam hn hp X l
A.2,80 lt.
B.1,68 lt.
C.4,48 lt.
D.3,92 lt.
Cu 90. Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1 mol Ag+
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc gi
tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A.1,8.
B.1,5.
C.1,2.
D.2,0.
Cu 91. Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt
ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l

A.hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO.
C.hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3.
B.hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3.
D.Fe2O3.
130
Cu 92. Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca
m l
A.2,80.
B.2,16.
C.4,08.
D.0,64.
Cu 93. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm m gam Al v 4,56 gam Cr2O3 (trong iu kin
khng c O2), sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp X. Cho ton b X vo mt lng d dung
dch HCl (long, nng), sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,016 lt H2 (ktc). Cn nu
cho ton b X vo mt lng d dung dch NaOH (c, nng), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc th s
mol NaOH phn ng l

A.0,14 mol.
B.0,08 mol.
C.0,16 mol.
D.0,06 mol.
Cu 94. Pht biu no sau y l sai?

A.Ch (Pb) c ng dng ch to thit b ngn cn tia phng x.
B.Thic c th dng ph ln b mt ca st chng g.
C.Trong y hc, ZnO c dng lm thuc gim au dy thn kinh, cha bnh eczema, bnh
nga.
D.Nhm l kim loi dn in tt hn vng.
Cu 95. Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t trong dy th
in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ng trc Ag+/Ag)
A.59,4.
B.64,8.
C.32,4.
D.54,0.
Cu 96. Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt
ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l

A.hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO.
C.hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3.
B.hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3.
D.Fe2O3.
Cu 97. Dy gm cc cht (hoc dung dch) u phn ng c vi dung dch FeCl2 l:
A.Bt Mg, dung dch BaCl2, dung dch HNO3.
B.Kh Cl2, dung dch Na2CO3, dung dch
HCl.
C.Bt Mg, dung dch NaNO3, dung dch HCl.
D.Kh Cl2, dung dch Na2S, dung dch HNO3
Cu 98. Khi nung hn hp cc cht Fe(NO3)2, Fe(OH)3 v FeCO3 trong khng kh n khi lngkhng
i, thu c mt cht rn l
A.Fe3O4.
B.FeO.
C.Fe.
D.Fe2O3.
C. BI TON XC NH FexOy:
-Xc nh cng thc FexOy:
x
- Nu =1 FexOy l: FeO
y
x 2
- Nu = FexOy l: Fe2O3
y 3
x 3
- Nu = FexOy l: Fe3O4
y 4
- C th gii bng cch xt 3 kh nng ca FexOy l: FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 ri tm kh nng ph hp.
- Nu oxit st (FexOy) tc dng vi H2SO4 c, HNO3 c khng gii phng kh l Fe2O3.
131
Cu 1. ha tan 4 gam FexOy cn 52.14 ml dd HCl 10% (d=1.05g/ml). Xc nh cng thc phn t
FexOy.
A. Fe2O3
B. FeO
C. Fe3O4
D. Fe2O3 v FeO
Cu 2. Ha tan hon ton 1 khi lng FexOy bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c kh A v dung
dch B. Cho kh A hp th han ton bi dung dch NaOH d to ra 12.6 gam mui. Mt khc c cn
dung dch B th thu c 120 gam mui khan. Xc nh FexOy
A. FeO
B. Fe3O4
C. Fe2O3
D. Khng xc nh c
Cu 3. Ha tan 10gam hn hp gm Fe v FexOy bng HCl c 1.12 lt H2 (ktc). Cng lng hn hp
ny nu ha tan ht bng HNO3 c nng c 5.6 lt NO2 (ktc). Tm FexOy?
A. FeO
B. Fe3O4
C. Fe2O3
D. Khng xc nh c
Cu 4. Ha tan oxit FexOy bng H2SO4 long d c dung dch A. Bit dung dch A va c kh nng
lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm va c kh nng ha tan c bt ng. FexOy l?
A. FeO
B. Fe2O3
C. Fe3O4
D. FeO hoc Fe3O4 u c.
Cu 5. A l hn hp ng s mol gm FeO; Fe2O3; Fe3O4. Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau:
- Ha tan phn 1 bng V(lt) dung dch HCl 2M (va )
- Dn mt lung CO d qua phn 2 nung nng c 33.6 gam st. Gi tr V?
A. 1.2 lt
B. 0.8 lt
C. 0.75 lt
D. 0.45 lt.
Cu 6. Kh a gam mt oxit st bng cacbon nhit cao, ngi ta thu c 0.84 gam st v 0.88 gam
kh CO2. Xc nh cng thc oxit st.
A. FeO
B. Fe2O3
C. Fe3O4
D. Khng xc nh c
Cu 7. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua 29 gam mt oxit st. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ngi ta
thu c mt cht rn c khi lng 21 gam. Xc nh cng thc oxit st.
A. Khng xc nh c
B. Fe2O3
C. FeO
D. Fe3O4
Cu 8. Dng CO d kh hon tan m gam bt st oxit (FexOy), dn tan b lng kh sinh ra i tht
chm qua 1 lt dung dch ba(OH)2 0.1M th va v thu c 9.85gam kt ta. Mt khc ha tan tan
b m gam bt st oxit trn bng dd HCl d ri c cn th thu c 16.25gam mui khan. m c gi tr l
bao nhiu gam? V cng thc oxit (FexOy).
A. 8gam; Fe2O3
B. 15.1gam, FeO
C. 16gam; FeO
D. 11.6gam; Fe3O4
Cu 9. Dng CO d kh han tan m gam bt st oxit (FexOy), dn tan b lng kh sinh ra i tht
chm qua 1 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0.1M th phn ng va thu c 9.85 gam kt ta. S mol kh CO2
thu c l bao nhiu?
A. 0.05mol
B. 0.15 mol
C. 0.025mol
D. 0.05 v 0.075 mol
Cu 10. Dng CO d kh han tan m gam bt st oxit (FexOy) thnh st, dn tan b lng kh
sinh ra i tht chm qua 1 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0.1M th phn ng va v thu c 9.85 gam kt
ta . Mt khc ha tan tan b st kim loi thu c trn bng dung dch HCl d ri c cn th thu
c 12.7 gam mui khan. Cng thc st oxit (FexOy)?
A. FeO
B. Fe2O3
C. Fe3O4
D. FexOy
PHN BIT MT S CHT V C. CHUN DUNG DCH
I. NGUYN TC NHN BIT MT S ION TRONG DUNG DCH
132

thuc th
Dung dch
kt ta
hp cht c mu
cht kh
II. NHN BIT CC CATION

1. Nhn bit cation Na+, NH4+
- Na+ ngn la c mu vng ti
- Dng dd kim nhn ra NH4+
NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
2. Nhn bit cation Ca2+ v Ba2+
a. Nhn bit cation Ba2+
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4(trng)
Ba2+ + CrO42- BaCrO4(vng)
2Ba2+ + Cr2O72-+ H2O 2BaSO4 + 2H+
b. Nhn bit cation Ca2+
Ca2+ + C2O42- CaC2O4(trng, khng tan trong CH3COOH)
3. Nhn bit cation Al3+, Cr3+
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + OH- [Al(OH)4]Cr3+ + 3OH- Cr(OH)3(xanh)
Cr(OH)3 + OH- [Cr(OH)4]4. Nhn bit cation Fe2+ , Fe3+, Cu2+, Ni2+
a. Nhn bit cation Fe3+
Fe3+ + 6SCN- [Fe(SCN)3] (mu mu)
Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3(nu )
b. Nhn bit cation Fe2+
Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2
4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 4Fe(OH)3(nu )
MnO4- + 5Fe2+ + 8H+ Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
c. Nhn bit cation Cu2+
Cu2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2+ 2NH4+
Cu(OH)2+ 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 (xanh thm)
d. Nhn bit cation Ni2+
Cu2+ + 2OH- Ni(OH)2(xanh lc)
Ni(OH)2+ 6NH3 [Cu(NH3)6](OH)2 (xanh)
III. NHN BIT CC ANION
1. Nhn bit mt s anion NO33Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
2NO + O2 2NO2 (nu)
2. Nhn bit mt s anion SO42Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4(trng khng tan trong dung dch HCl)
3. Nhn bit mt s anion ClAg+ + Cl- AgCl(trng tan trong dung dch NH3 d)
4. Nhn bit mt s anion CO32CO32- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3
Cu 1: C bn cht rn trong bn l ring bit gm NaOH, Al, Mg, Al 2O3. Nu ch dng thm mt
thuc th phn bit 4 cht trn, thuc th l
A. dd HCl
B. dd HNO3 c ngui
C. H2O
D. NaOH
Cu 2: C th phn bit hai dd FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 bng thuc th no sau y ?
A.dd NaOH.
B. dd KMnO4.
C. dd K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4. D. tt c.
Cu 3: Mun nhn bit s c mt ca ion NO3- trong dung dch ta dng thuc th no sau y?
133

A. dd HCl.
B. dd H2SO4.

C. Cu,H2SO4.
Cu 4: Thuc th c trng nhn bit ion sunfat l dung dch

A. BaCl2.
B. NaOH.
C. BaCl2/ HCl.
D. Ag, HCl.
D. HCl.
Cu 5: Trong t nhin nc thng c ln cc tp cht mui nitrat v hidrocacbonat ca canxi v

magie. Dng mt ha cht no loi b ng thi cc tp cht trn?
A. NaOH.
B. NaHCO3.
C. Na2CO3.
D. K2SO4.
Cu 6: C nm dd ng trong nm l ring bit mt nhn l FeCl3, FeCl2, AlCl3, NH4NO3, NaCl. Nu
ch c dng mt thuc th nhn bit 5 cht lng trn, ta c th dng dung dch
A. BaCl2
B. NH3
C. NaOH
D. HCl
Cu 7: Khi chun dung dch NH3 bng dung dch HCl cn dng cht ch th l
A. phenolphtalein.
B. metyl da cam.
C. metyl .
D. khng cn dng.
Cu 8: Khi chun dung dch FeSO4 bng dung dch KMnO4 trong mi trng axit cn dng cht ch
th l
A. phenolphtalein.
B. metyl da cam.
C. metyl .
D. B hoc C.
Cu 9: lm kh kh amoniac ngi ta dng ha cht l
A. vi sng
B. axit sunfuric c
C. ng sunfat khan
D. P2O5
Cu 10: Ch dng mt thuc th duy nht no sau y phn bit hai kh SO2 v CO2?
A. H2O
B. dd Ba(OH)2
C. dd Br2
D. dd NaOH
Cu 11: Dy ion no c th ng thi tn ti trong cng mt dung dch?
A. Ca2+, Cl-, Na+, CO32-.
B. Na+, OH-, HCO3-, K+.
3+
22+.
C. Al , SO4 , Cl , Ba
D. Ca2+, K+, OH-, Cl-.
Cu 12: Nhn bit 5 l mt nhn : KNO3, Cu(NO3)2, FeCl3, AlCl3, NH4Cl ch bng dung dch
A. NaOH .
B. AgNO3.
C. Na2SO4.
D. HCl.
Cu 13: Ch dng H2O v CO2 c th nhn bit c bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht rn sau NaCl,
Na2CO3, CaCO3 v BaSO4
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 14: Dy ion no c th ng thi tn ti trong cng mt dung dch?
A. SO32-, H+, Na+, CO32-.
B. NH4+, OH-, HCO3-, K+.
2+
22+
C. SO3 , Na , CO3 , Ba .
D. NH4+, K+, SO32-,CO32-.
Cu 15: Ch dng thm mt dung dch thuc th no nhn bit cc dung dch c nng khc nhau:
NaOH, H2SO4, HCl v Na2CO3?
A. qu tm.
B. phenolphtalein.
C. BaCl2.
D. HNO3.
Cu 16: Khng dng nhit, nhn bit 3 cc ng 3 dung dch: Na2CO3, NaHCO3, hn hp Na2CO3 v
NaHCO3 bng thuc th no?
A. Ba(OH)2.
B. BaCl2 v HCl.
C. H2SO4.
D. Ba(OH)2 v HCl.
Cu 17: Khngth nhn bit cc dung dch c cng nng : NaOH, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ba(OH)2, NH4Cl,
H2SO4 bng
A. qu tm.
B. phenolphtalein.
C. Ba(OH)2.
D. HNO3.
134
Cu 19: Nhn bit cc cht lng : CH3CHO, HCOOH, CH2=CHCOOH bng

A. qu tm v ddBr2.
B. qu tm v AgNO3/NH3.
C. AgNO3/NH3v dd Br2.
D. AgNO3/NH3v Cu(OH)2.
Cu 20: Nhn bit cc dung dch : glucoz, glixerol, anbumin, etanol, anehit axetic bng mt thuc th
no?
A. AgNO3/NH3.
B. Cu(OH)2.
C. Na.
D. HNO3 c.
Cu 22: C th dng mt dung dch no nhn bit cc cht bt mu trng : NaCl, BaCO 3, Na2SO4,
Na2S?
A. NaOH.
B. Ba(OH)2.
C. HCl.
D. BaCl2.
Cu 23: C cc thuc th sau: dung dch Ba(OH)2, qu tm, dung dch Na2CO3, dung dch NaOH. S
thuc th dng phn bit 6 dung dch mt nhn: NH4Cl, NaOH, NaCl, H2SO4, Na2SO4, Ba(OH)2 l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 2.
Cu 24: iu kin trong mt dung dch khng th c nhiu loi anion l
A. trong dung dch ch c cp cation kim loi kim.
B. trong dung dch ch c mt cation amoni.
C. mi trng ca dung dch khng phi l mi trng axit.
D. mi trng ca dung dch phi l mi trng axit mnh.
Cu 25: Ba dung dch cha cc ion sau: Ba2+, Mg2+, K+, NO3-, CO32-, SO42-. Mi dung dch ch cha
mt cation v mt anion, ba dung dch l
A. BaSO4, MgCO3, KNO3.
B. BaCO3, MgSO4, KNO3.
C. Ba(NO3)2, MgSO4, KNO3.
D. Ba(NO3)2, MgSO4, K2CO3.
Cu 26: Trong 200ml dung dch c ha tan 10g mui st(II) khng nguyn cht. Ly 20 ml dung dch
trn axit ha bng H2SO4 long ri chun bng 25 ml dung dch chun KMnO4 0,03M. % Fe trong
mui st(II) khng nguyn cht trn l
A. 20%.
B. 21%.
C. 22%.
D. 23%.
Cu 27: Lng kalicromat cn dng chun dung dch cha 15,2g st (II) sunfat trong mi trng
H2SO4 long l
A. 4,9g.
B. 9,8g.
C. 0,49g.
D. 9,4g.
Cu 28: Ngi ta c th dng phn ng kh Ag+ ca dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 xc nh hm
lng glucoz trong nc tiu ca ngi b bnh tiu ng. Th 10ml nc tiu thy tch ra 0,54g Ag.
Hm lng glucoz c trong nc tiu ca bnh nhn l
A. 0,54M.
B. 0,25M.
C. 0,5M.
D. 0,35M.
Cu 29: xc nh nng NaOH, ni ta dng dung dch chun 25,00 ml dung dch H 2C2O4
0,05M (dng phenolphtalein lm ch th). Khi chun dng ht 46,50 ml dung dch NaOH. Nng
mol ca dung dch NaOH l
A. 0,027M.
B. 0,025M.
C. 0,053M.
D. 0,017M.
Cu 30: tng cht lng ca xng, trc y ngi ta trn thm vo xng cht tetraetyl ch
Pb(C2H5)4. l mt cht rt c v trong kh thi ca t, xe my,... c hp cht PbO. Hng nm, trn
th gii ngi ta dng ti 227,25 tn Pb(C2H5)4 pha vo xng. Lng PbO b x vo kh quyn l
A. 156,9 tn.
B. 16,59 tn.
C. 18,25 tn.
D. 14,35 tn.
135
Cu 31: Mt loai qung cha st trong t nhin a c loai bo tap cht . Ho tan qung ny trong dung
dch axit nitric thy c kh mu nu bay ra , dung di ch thu c cho tac dung vi dung di ch bari clorua
thy co kt tua trng (khng tan trong axit). Hy cho bit tn, thnh phn ho hc ca qung?
A. Xierit FeCO3
B. Manhetit Fe3O4
C. Hematit Fe2O3
D. Pirit FeS2.
Cu 32. nhn bit ba axit c, ngui: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3ng ring bit trong ba l b mt nhn,
ta dng thuc th l
A.Fe.
B.CuO.
C.Al.
D.Cu.
Cu 33. C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d)
ri thm tip dung dch NH3 (d) vo 4 dung dch trn th s cht kt ta thu c l
A.4.
B.1.
C.3.
D.2.
Cu 34. C th phn bit 3 dung dch: KOH, HCl, H2SO4 (long) bng mt thuc th l
A.giy qu tm.
B.Zn.
C.Al.
D.BaCO3.
Cu 35. C nm dung dch ng ring bit trong nm ng nghim: (NH4)2SO4, FeCl2, Cr(NO3)3,
K CO , Al(NO ) . Cho dung dch Ba(OH) n d vo nm dung dch trn. Sau khi phn ng ktthc, s ng
nghim c kt ta l
A.4.
B.2.
C.5.
D.3.
2
3 3
HA HC V VN PHT TRIN KINH T, X HI, MI TRNG

I. HA HCV VN PHT TRIN KINH T
1. Vn nng lng v nguyn liu
- Nng lng: Cc ngun nng lng chnh l thc phm, g, gi, sng ngi, du m, kh t nhin,
than , mt tri, cc cht c phn ng ht nhn.
- Nhin liu: Ngun cung cp nhin liu ch yu l than, du m v kh t nhin.
2. Vn nhin liu cho cng nghip
Nhng ngun nhin liu ch yu cho cng nghip ha hc l:
- Qung, cht khong sn v cc ha cht.
- Khng kh v nc.
- Ngun nhin liu thc vt.
- Du m, than , kh t nhin.
3. Sn xut vt liu
- Vt liu c ngun gc v c.
- Vt liu c ngun gc hu c.
4. Hng gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu cho tng lai
- Sn xut v s dng ngun nhin liu, nng lng nhn to thay th cho ngun nhin liu thin
nhin nh than, du m
- Tm cch s dng c hiu qu nhng ngun nng lng khc t thin nhin: nng lng thy
in, nng lng gi, nng lng Mt Tri,nng lng thy triu
- S dng cc ngun nhin liu nng lng mi mt cch khoa hc v tit kim.
II. HA HC V CC VN X HI
1. Ha hc v vn lng thc, thc phm
gii quyt vn lng thc, thc phm cho nhn loi, Ha hc c nhng ng gp sau y:
- Nghin cu v sn xut cc cht ha hc c tc dng bo v, pht trin thc vt, ng vt, gip
tng sn lng, cht lng v bo qun tt hn.
- Ch bin thc phm nhn to hoc ch bin thc phm theo cng ngh ha hc.
2. Ha hc v vn may mc
Ha hc gp phn sn xut ra t si ha hc v tha mn c nhu cu may mc cho nhn
loi.
136
T si ha hc c chia lm 2 loi: t nhn to, t tng hp.

3. Ha hc v sc khe con ngi
- Dc phm: Ha hc gp phn to ra nhng loi thuc c tr c tc dng tr bnh nhanh,
mnh, nhng loi thuc b tng cng sc khe cho con ngi.
- Cht gy nghin, cht ma ty: Ha hc nghin cu lm r thnh phn ha hc ca nhng
cht ma ty t nhin, ma ty nhn to v tc dng sinh l ca chng.
III. HA HC V VN MI TRNG
1. nhim mi trng
- nhim khng kh.
- nhim nc.
- nhim mi trng t.
2. Bo v mi trng trong cuc sng v trong hc tp ha hc
a. Nhn bit mi trng b nhim
- Quan st: ta c th nhn thy mi trng b nhim qua mi, mu sc
- Xc nh bng cc thuc th.
- Xc nh bng dng c o.
b. X l nhim nh th no?
- X l din rng: c nhiu bin php x l khc nhau, cn c vo thc trng nhim, l x l
nhim t, nc, khng kh da trn c s khoa hc vt l, ha hc, sinh hc.
- X l cht thi trong qu trnh hc tp ha hc: Vi mt s cht thi sau khi th nghim trn
lp hoc sau bi thc hnh, ta cn thc hin cc bc sau:
+ Phn loi cht thi xem chng thuc loi no trong s cc cht hc.
+ Cn c vo tnh cht ha hc ca mi cht x l cho ph hp.
+ Nu l kh c c th dng cht hp th l than hot tnh, hoc cht rn, hoc dung dch hp
th chng, to nn cht khng c hoc t c hi hn.
+ Nu l ion kim loi, ion SO42- , c th dng nc vi trong d kt ta chng ri thu gom
li dng rn v tip tc x l.
+ Nu l ion cc kim loi qu th cn x l, thu gom ti s dng.
Cu 1: Nhin liu no sau y thuc nhin liu sch ang c nghin cu s dng thay th mt s
nhin liu khc gy nhim mi trng?
A. Than
B. xng du
C. Kh butan (ga)
D. Kh hiro
Cu 2: Ngi ta sn xut kh metan thay th phn cho ngun nguyn liu ha thch bng cch no
sau y?
A.Ln men cc cht thi hu c nh phn gia sc trong l biogaz
B.Thu kh metan t kh bn ao
C. Ln men ng cc
D. Cho hi nc i qua thang nng trong l
Cu 3: Mt trong nhng hng con ngi nghin cu to ra ngun nng lng nhn to to ln
s dng cho mc ch ho bnh, l
A. nng lng mt tri
B. nng lng thy in
C. nng lng gi
D. nng lng ht nhn
Cu 4: Loi thuc no sau y thuc loi gy nghin cho con ngi?

A.penixilin, amoxilin
B. Vitamin C, glucoz
137

C. Seuxen, moocphin

D. Thuc cm pamin, panadol
Cu 5: Cch bo qun tht c bng cch no sau y c coi l an ton?

A.Dng fomon, nc
B. Dng phn m, nc
C. Dng nc hay p mui ri sy kh
D. Dng nc kh, fomon
Cu 6: Ngun nhin liu no khi s dng t gy nhim mi trng nht?

A. Xng
B. Cn.
C. Than .
D. Kh t.
Cu 7: Cht ch yu gy ra hiu ng nh knh l
A. CO.
B. CO2.
C. NO.
D. NO2.
Cu 8: Trong nc thi ca mt nh my cng nghip c cha cc ion kim loi ca Pb, Cu.Chn cht
no d kim loi b tm thi cc ion trn?
A. dd H2S.
B. dd Na2S.
C. dd NaOH.
D. C A v B.
Cu 9: Thy ngn d bay hi v rt c. Nu chng may nhit k thy ngn b v th c th dng cht
no sau y kh c thy ngn?
A. Bt st.
B. Bt lu hunh.
C. Natri.
D. Nc.
Cu 10: Loi phn bn ha hc c tc dng kch thch cy ci sinh trng, ra nhiu l, nhiu hoa v c
kh nng ci to t phn l
A. NH4NO3.
B. Ca(NO3)2.
C. Ca(H2PO4)2.
D. KCl.
Cu 11 : Ngi thiu hiu bit thng cho rng mi ha cht iu c hi. Tuy nhin, tt c mi cht,
k c thc phm ca chng ta, iu to bi cc ho cht. Cc ha cht cng thng c thm vo thc
phm gip bo qun, thm hng v, tng b dngCc hp cht cha trong bt n thng thng
l natri hirocacbonat v mt axit l
A. natri clorua
B. kali hirotactrac
C. canxi hircacbonat
D. magie hirxit
Cu 12: Ozon l mt tc nhn oxi ha mnh v nguy him, rt c vi ng vt. ngay c vi nng
rt thp, ozon c th lm gim mnh tc quang hp trong cy xanh. Ozon gy nhiu tc hi, tuy th ta
rt quan ngi khi tht thot ozon to ra cc l thng ozon. Nguyn nhn khin chng ta lo ngi l v
A. l thng ozon s lm cho khng kh trn th gii thot ra mt
B. l thng ozon s lm tht thot nhit trn th gii
C. khng c ozon thng tng kh quyn, bc x t ngoi gy tc hi s lt xung b mt tri t
D. khng c ozon th s khng xy ra qu trnh quang hp trong cy xanh
Cu 14: Tng ozon tn bnh lu ca kh quyn l tm l chn tia t ngoi ca mt tri, bo v s sng
trn mt t. Hin tng suy gim tng ozon ang l vn ton cu. Nguyn nhn chnh ca hin
tng ny l do:
A. S thay i ca kh hu.
B. Cht thi CFC do con ngi to ra.
C. Cc hp cht hu c.
D. Nng kh CO2 trong kh quyn ngy cng tng.
Cu 15: Nhng loi thuc no sau y c ch to bng con ng ha hc?
A. Sm, nhung, tam tht, quy.
B. Thuc khng sinh: penixilin, ampixilin, cc vitamin.
C. Ru ng, bng m , hoa kim ngn
D. Thuc phin, thuc l.
138
Cu 16: Nhng ngun nng lng no sau y l ngun nng lng sch, khng gy nhim mi
trng?
A. Nng lng ht nhn, nng lng mt tri.
B. Nng lng thy lc, nng lng gi, nng lng mt tri.
C. Nng lng than , du m, nng lng thy lc.
D. Nng lng than , nng lng mt tri, nng lng ht nhn.
Cu 17: Trng hp no sau y c coi l nc khng b nhim?
A.Nc rung la cha khong 1% thuc tr su v phn bn ha hc
B. Bc thi nh my c cha nng ln cc ion kim loi nng nh Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Ni2+
C. Nc thi t cc bnh vin, khu v sinh cha cc khun gy bnh
D.Nc t cc nh my nc hoc nc ging khoan khng cha cc c t nh asen, st. qu
mc cho php
Cu 18: Kh no sau y gy ra hin tng ma axit?
A. CH4
B. NH3
C. SO2
D. H2
Cu 19: Trong cng ngh s l kh thi do qu trnh h hp ca cc nh du hnh v tr hay thy th

trong tu ngm ngi ta thng dng ha cht no sau y?
A. Na2O2
B. NaOH rn
C. KClO3
D. Than hot tnh
Cu 20: Cht kh CO c trong thnh phn ca loi kh no sau y?

A.Khng kh
B. Kh t nhin
C. Kh du m
D. Kh l cao
Cu 21: Hiu ng nh knh l h qu ca:

A. s ph hy ozon trn tng kh quyn
B. s lu gi bc x hng ngoi bi lng d kh cacbonic trong kh quyn
C. S chuyn ng xanh duy tr trong bo tn rng
D. S hin din ca lu hunh oxit trong kh quyn
Cu 22: C cn c oxi tng trng tt. chng khng th tng trng tt nu nc qu m. mt l do
cho hin tng trn l
A.bi li trong nc m cn nhiu c gn hn
B.phn ng ha hc xy ra nhanh hn khi nhit tng
C.oxi ha tan km hn trong nc m
D.trong nc m s to ra nhiu cacbon ioxit hn
Cu 23: Mt cht c cha nguyn t oxi, dng lm sch nc v c tc dng bo v cc sinh vt trn
tri t khng b bc x cc tm. Cht ny l
A.ozon
B. oxi
C. lu hunh ioxit
D. cacbon ioxit
Cu 24: Australia l mt trong nhng nc u tin trn th gii ngn cm vic s dng oxi ca mottj
s kim loi dng trong sn v l do sc khe. kim loi c cp trn l kim loi no sau y?
A. Thy ngn
B. Ch
C. Cadimi
D. Titan
139
Cu 25: Khng kh bao quanh hnh tinh chng ta l v cng thit yu cho s sng, nhng thnh phn
ca kh quyn lun thay i. Kh no trong khng kh c s bin i nng nhiu nht?
A.Hi nc
B. Oxi
C. Cacbon ddioxit
D. Nit
Cu 26: Cht ch yu gy ra hin tng ma axit l
A. SO2.
B. CO2.
C. H2S .
D. Cl2.
Cu 27: Dng mt cht thng thng d kim no hy ht lng brom lng chng may ra mi
trng?
A. NaOH.
B. Ca(OH)2.
C. Ba(OH)2.
D. HCl.
Cu 28: loi b cc cht kh thi cng nghip SO2, NO2, HF ngi ta dn chng qua?
A. dd Ca(OH)2.
B. dd KMnO4.
C. dd Br2.
D. K2MnO4.
Cu 29: Nhng trng hp b say hay cht do n sn c mt lng nh HCN (cht lng khng mu, d
bay hi v rt c). Lng HCN tp trung nhiu phn v sn. khng b nhim c HCN do n sn,
khi luc sn cn:
A. ra sch v ri luc.
B. tch b v ri luc.
C. tch b v ri luc, khi nc si nn m vung khong 5 pht.
D. cho thm t nc vi trong vo ni luc sn trung ha HCN.
Cu 30: Khi mt in li quc gia, nhiu gia nh s dng ng c iezen pht in, khng nn
chy ng c trong phng kn v:
A. tiu th nhiu O2, sinh ra kh CO2 c.
B. tiu th nhiu O2, sinh ra kh CO, H2S, SO2 c.
C. nhiu hirocacbon khng chy ht l nhng kh c.
D. sinh ra kh SO2, H2S.
Cu 31: Tc nhn no sau y khng gy nhim mi trng nc?
A. Cc ion kim loi nng: Hg, Pb, Sb
B. Cc anion: NO3- , SO42- , PO43-.
C. Thuc bo v thc vt, phn bn ha hc.
D. Cc cation: Na+ , Ca2+ , Mg2+.
Cu 32: Trong khi lm cc th nghim lp hoc trong cc gi thc hnh ha hc c mt s kh thi:
Cl2, H2S, SO2, NO2, HCl. Bin php kh cc kh trn l
A. dng bng tm gim n nt ngay ng nghim sau kh quan st hin tng.
B. sc kh vo cc ng thuc tm hoc dng bng tm thuc tm nt ngay ng nghim sau khi
quan st hin tng.
C. dng bng tm xt hoc nc vi trong nt ngay ng nghim sau khi quan st hin tng.
D. sc kh vo cc ng nc.
Cu 33: Phng php ha hc kh kh Cl2 lm nhim bn khng kh ca phng th nghim l
A. phun bt nhm vo phng th nghim nhim bn kh Cl2.
B. phun dung dch NaOH vo phng th nghim nhim bn kh Cl2.
C. xt kh (hoc dung dch) NH3 vo phng th nghim nhim bn kh Cl2.
D. phun nc vi trong vo phng th nghim nhim bn kh Cl2.
Cu 34: Nhng dng c nu c thng li mi tanh. Cht tt nht kh mi tanh l (bit mi
tanh ca c l hn hp cc amin v mt s cht khc)
A. X phng.
B. Ancol.
C. Gim.
D.Soa (Na2CO3).
Cu 35: Trong t nhin c nhiu ngun cht hu c sau khi b thi ra sinh ra H2S, nhng trong khng
kh hm lng H2S rt nh, nguyn nhn l
140
A. H2S b O2 khng kh oxi ha chm thnh S v H2O.

B. H2S b phn hy nhit thng sinh ra S v H2.
C. H2S b CO2 trong khng kh oxi ha thnh cc cht khc.
D. H2S tan trong nc.
Cu 36: Ngi ta c th st trng bng dung dch mui n NaCl, chng hn nh hoa qu ti, rau sng
c ngm trong dung dch NaCl t 10-15 pht. Kh nng dit trng ca dung dch NaCl l do:
A. dung dch NaCl c th to ra ion Na+ c.
B. dung dch NaCl c th to ra ion Cl- c tnh kh.
C. dung dch NaCl c.
D. vi khun cht v b mt nc do thm thu.
Cu 37: Trong cc loi kh thi cng nghip, kh thi sinh hot, kh thi cc loi ng c xe, kh than.
S kh gy nhim khng kh l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 38: Tnh lng kh thin nhin cha 92% metan cn thit sn xut 10 tn nha
phenolfomanehit?
A. 10,65 tn.
B. 10,64 tn.
C. 10,56 tn.
D. 11,48 tn.
Cu 39: Khi lng NaCl (tn) sn xut 15 tn NaOH vi hiu sut chung ca c qu trnh l 80%
cn dng l
A. 27,42.
B. 21,94.
C. 28,52.
D. 25,42.
Cu 40: Trong nc ngm thng tn tai dang ion trong st (II) hirocacbonat va st (II) sunfat. Hm
lng st trong nc cao lam cho nc co mui tanh, lu c mu vng gy nh hng xu ti sc kho
ca con ngi nn cn phi loi b. Ta co th dung cac phng phap nao sau y loai bo st ra khoi
nc sinh hoat?
A. Dng gin phun ma hoc b trn cho nc mi ht t ging khoan ln c tip xuc nhiu
vi khng khi ri lng, lc.
B. Sc clo vao b nc mi t ging khoan ln vi liu lng thi ch hp.
C. Sc khng kh giu oxi vo nc mi ht t ging khoan ln.
D. A, B, C ung.
Cu 41: Thuc xc trng trong nng tri l v cng hu ch bo v ma mng, nhng cn phi ht
sc cn thn khi s dng. cc nghin cu cho thy nu ph n tip xc vi ha cht, nh trng hp cc
nng dn th b xy thai nhiu gp ba ln cc ph n khc. Nguy c cng gia tng i vi nhng ph n
sng gn ni trng trt hoc nhng ph n c s dng thuc st trng trong nh hoc ngoi sn vn.
Cn thit phi thu hi v li b cc thuc st trng clo- hu c b cm s dng. DDT c l l thuc
st trng clo- hu c quen thuc nht . Phn tch mt mu DDT cho kt qu: C = 47,43%; H= 2,560%;
Cl= 50,01%. Dng kt qu ny xc nh cng thc no di y l cng thc thc nghim ng ca
DDT. ( cho C=12,01; H= 1,008; Cl= 35,45)
A. C19HCl20
B. C14H9Cl5
C. C5H3Cl2
D. C3H2Cl
Cu 42: Sau bi thc hnh ha hc, trong mt s cht thi dng dung dch cha cc ion: Cu 2+, Zn2+,
Fe3+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Dng cht no sau y c th x l s b cht thi trn?
A. HNO3.
B. Gim n.
C. Etanol.
D. Nc vi trong d.
Cu 43: C th iu ch thuc dit nm (dung dch CuSO4 5%) theo s sau:
CuS CuO CuSO4.
Khi lng dung dch CuSO4 5% thu c t 0,5 tn nguyn liu cha 80% CuS (bit hiu sut
ca qu trnh l 80%) l
A. 0,16 tn.
B. 3,2 tn.
C. 0,008 tn.
D. 1,6 tn.
141
Cu 44. Cc hp cht cha asen rt c v mt s c lm thuc st trng. D hin nay ngi ta

ngng x dng, nhng ch asenat v c coi nh mt nguyn nhn gy nhim v cht ny bn v kh
tan. Asen l mt nguyn t lng tnh, c th phn ng vi lu hunh to ra hp cht As2S3. Nu
0,500 gam asen to c 0,821 gam hp cht th khi lng nguyn t tng i ca asen l bao nhiu?
A. 75,0
B. 150,0
C. 50,0
D. 33,33
Cu 45. vi c to bi canxi cacbonat, canxi cacbonat hu nh khng tan trong nc: mt dung
dch bo ha nhit phng ch t 0,006 g/lt. Khi ha tan CO2 vo nc, canxi cacbonat c th tan
nhiu hn. Nc ma c ha tan CO2 thm t t. Sau thm qua cc vt nt vi trn hang ng,
ha tan mt phn canxi cacbonat, to thnh thch nh. Nu nc thm vo hang ng c cha 0,1 gam/
lt canxi cacbonat dng ha tan, th lng nc cn bay hi l bao nhiu kt tinh c 1 kg canxi
cacbonat?
A. 10 lt
B. 1000 lt
C. 10000 lt
D. 1000000 lt
Cu 46. S tn ng thuc tr su trong thc phm l mt vn mi trng, kinh t v chnh tr quan
trng. Thuc tr su dng trong nng nghip phi t hy, ngha l chng phi t phn r trong mi
trng thnh cc cht v hi trong mt thi gian ngn sau khi dng. Thi gian cn thit mt na
lng thuc tr su trong t hoc trong nc phn r c gi l chu k bn hy ca thuc tr su (t).
Sau khi phun thuc tr su trn cnh ng, ngi ta thy nng thuc tr su c trong mt h nc
gn l 0,10 mg/ lt. Nu chu k bn hy ca thuc tr su trong nc l 14 ngy th nng ca n
trong h nc sau 42 ngy l bao nhiu?
A. 0,013 mg/ lt
B. 0,025 mg/ lt
C. 0,050 mg/ lt
D. 0,000 mg/ lt
Cu 47. Mt mu nc cam ti mt siu th c pH = 2,6. Nng mol ion hiroxit c trong nc cam l
bao nhiu?
A. 2,6*10-2
B. 2,51*10-2
C. 2,51*10-3
D. 1,4*10-6
Cu 48: Hng nm lun c nhiu ngi cht v dng heroin qu liu. Tuy nhin, mt s ngi cn b
li ko vo vic s dng ma ty m khng bit ht cc tc hi s gy nghin rt cao ca ma ty. Mt
mu heroin nng 0,9384 gam khi phn tch ha hc cho thy c cha 0,1573 gam oxi. Bng phng
php khi ph, tm c khi lng phn t ca heroin l 286,3. mi phn t heroin c cha bao nhiu
nguyn t oxi?
A. 1
B.2
C.3
D.4
BI TP TNG HP
Cu 1. Cho 1.2 g Mg vo 100ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 1.5M v NaNO3 0.5M. Sau phn ng ch
thu c V lt kh dng n cht (khng c sn phm kh no khc) Th tch V (ktc) bng:
A. 0.224 lt
B. 0.56 lt
C. 1.12 lt
D. 5.60 lt
Cu 2. m gam phoi bo st (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (B) c khi
lng 12g gm st v cc oxit FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Cho B tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 thy
gii phng ra 2.24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Khi lng tnh theo gam ca m l:
A. 11.8
B. 10.08
C. 9.8
D. 8.8
Cu 3. Nhng mt thanh nhm nng 50.00g vo 400ml dung dch CuSO4 0.5M. Sau mt thi gian ly
thanh nhm ra cn nng 51.38g. Bit ton b Cu thot ra u bm vo thanh nhm. Khi lng Cu to
thnh l:
A. 0.64g
B. 1.28g
C. 1.92g
D. 2.56g
Cu 4. X l dung dch cha 2 cht tan l HCl v CuSO4 c pH = 1. Cho t t dung dch NaOH 1M vo
100ml dung dch X n khi lng kt ta sinh ra bt u khng i th dng ht 250ml. Nng C M ca
cc cht tan trong X ln lt l:
A. 0.01M v 0.12M
B. 0.1M v 0.12M
142

C. 0.01M v 1.2M

D. 0.1M v 1.2M
Cu 5. Ha tan hn hp gm 16.0g Fe2O3 v 6.4g Cu bng 300ml dung dch HCl 2M. Khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton th khi lng cht rn cha b ha tan bng:
A. 0.0g
B. 3.2g
B. 5.6g
D. 6.4g
Cu 6. Khi ly 14.25g mui clorua ca mt kim loi M ch c ha tr II v mt lng mui nitrat ca M
vi s mol nh nhau, th thy khi lng khc nhau l 7.95g. Cng thc ca hai mui l:
A. CuCl2, Cu(NO3)2
B. FeCl2, Fe(NO3)2
C. MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2
D. CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2
Cu 7. Trn 200ml dung dch H2SO4 0.05M vi 300ml dung dch NaOH 0.06M, pH ca dung dch to
thnh bng:
A. 2.7
B. 1.6
C. 1.9
D. 2.4
Cu 8. Trn 0.54g bt nhm vi bt Fe2O3 v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn
hp X. Ha tan hon ton X trong dung dch HNO3 c hn hp kh NO v NO2 c t l mol tng
ng l 1: 3. Th tch (ktc) kh NO v NO2 ln lt l:
A. 0.224 lt v 0.672 lt
B. 0.672 lt v 0.224 lt
C. 2.24 lt v 6.72 lt
D. 6.72 lt v 2.24 lt
Cu 9. Cho 4.48 lt hn hp kh N2O v CO2 t t i qua bnh ng nc vi trong d thy c 1.12 lt
kh (cc kh c o ktc) thot ra. Thnh phn % theo th tch ca hn hp l:
A. 25% v 75%
B. 33.33% v 66.67%
C. 75% v 25%
D. 40% v 60%
Cu 10. Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm 6.4g Cu v 5.6g Fe vo dung dch HNO3 1M thu c dung
dch M v kh NO duy nht. Cho tip dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch M thu c kt ta. Lc ly
kt ta, em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m(g) cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 16g
B. 12g
C. 24g
D. 20g
Cu 11. Ha tan 9.4g ng bch (hp kim Cu-Ni, gi thuyt khng c tp cht khc) vo dung dch
HNO3 long, d. Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0.09 mol NO v 0.003mol N2. Phn trm khi
lng Cu trong hp kim bng:
A. 74.89%
B. 69.04%
C. 27.23%
D. 25.11%
Cu 12. kh hon ton hn hp FeO v ZnO thnh kim loi cn 2.24 lt kh H2(ktc). Nu em hn
hp kim loi thu c ha tan hon ton vo axit HCl th th tch kh H2(ktc) thu c l:
A. 4.48 lt
B. 1.12 lt
C. 3.36 lt
D. 2.24 lt
Cu 13. Cho 4.2g hn hp Mg v Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 2.24 lt H 2(ktc).
Khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 9.75g
B. 9.5g
C. 6.75g
D. 11.3g
Cu 14. Thi kh CO2 vo dung dch cha 0.02 mol Ba(OH)2. Khi CO2 bin thin trong khong t
0.005 mol n 0.024 mol th gi tr khi lng kt ta bin thin trong khong:
A. 0 gam n 3.94 gam
B. 0 gam n 0.985 gam
C. 0.985 gam n 3.94 gam
D. 0.985 gam n 3.152 gam
Cu 15. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0.2 mol Fe v 0.1 mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch HCl d thu c
dung dch X. Cho dung dch x tc dng vi NaOH d thu c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta, ra sch, sy
kh v nung trong khng kh cho n khi khi lng khng i c m(g) cht rn, m c gi tr l:
A. 23.0g
B. 32.0g
C. 24.0g
D. 42.0g
143
Cu 16. Ha tan Fe trong HNO3 d thy sinh ra hn hp kh cha 0.03 mol NO2 v 0.02 mol NO. Khi
lng Fe b ha tan bng:
A. 0.56g
B. 1.12g
C. 1.68g
D. 2.24g
Cu 17. Cho V lt CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton bi 2.0 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0.015M thu c 1.97g
BaCO3 kt ta. V c gi tr l:
A. 0.224 lt
B. 1.12 lt
C. 0.448 lt
D. 0.244 lt hay 1.12 lt
Cu 18. Cho hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol ba cht u bng nhau tc dng ht vi dung
dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm 0.09 mol NO2 v 0.05mol NO. S mol mi cht l:
A. 0.12 mol
B. 0.24 mol
C. 0.21 mol
D. 0.36 mol
Cu 19. Cho 115.0g hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra
22.4 lt kh CO2(ktc). Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 162.0g
B. 126.0g
C. 132.0g
D. 123.0g
Cu 20. Cho 9.10 g hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng
ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 2.24 lt CO2(ktc). Hai kim loi l:
A. Li, Na
B. Na, K
C. K, Rb
D. Rb, Cs
Cu 21. un nng 0.3 mol bt Fe vi 0.2 mol bt S n phn ng hon ton c hn hp A. Ha tan
ht A bng dung dch HCl d thu c kh D. T khi hi ca D so vi khng kh bng:
A. 0.8046
B. 0.7586
C. 0.4386
D. 1.1724
Cu 22. Th tch dung dch HCl 0.3M cn dng trung ha 100ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0.1M v
Ba(OH)2 0.1M l:
A. 100ml
B. 150ml
C. 200ml
D. 250ml
Cu 23. Cho 3.78g bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y. Khi
lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4.06g so vi dung dch XCl3. Cng thc ca mui XCl3 l:
A. BCl3
B. CrCl3
C. FeCl3
D. AlCl3
Cu 24. Dung dch X gm NaOH 0.1M v Ba(OH)2 0.2M. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 0.5M cn
trung ha ht 100ml dung dch X l:
A. 100ml
B. 50ml
C. 150ml
D. 200ml
Cu 25. Cho 31.84g hn hp NaX v NaY (X,Y l hai halogen hai chu k lin tip) vo dung dch
AgNO3 d th thu c 57.34g kt ta. Cng thc ca mi mui l:
A. NaCl v NaBr
B. NaBr v NaI
C. NaF v NaCl
D. Khng xc nh c.
Cu 26. tc dng ht vi 4.64g hn hp FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn dng va 160ml dung dch HCl
1M. Nu kh hon ton 4.64g hn hp trn bng kh CO nhit cao th khi lng Fe thu c l:
A. 3.36g
B. 3.63g
C. 4.36g
D. 4.63g
Cu 27. Cho 13.6g hn hp Fe v Fe2O3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 2.24 lt kh H2 (ktc).
Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH d, kt ta thu c mang nung trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i c a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 16.0g
B. 14.8g
C. 18g
D. 20g
Cu 28. tc dng va vi 7.68g hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn dng 260ml dung dch
HCl 1M. Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH d. kt ta thu c mang nung trong khng kh
n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
144

A. 6.0g
B. 7.0g

C. 8.0g
D. 9.0g
Cu 29. Cho trt t dy in ha:

Zn2+/Zn, Fe2+/Fe ,Cu2+/Cu ,Fe3+/Fe2+, Ag+/Ag
Khi cho Fe vo dung dch hn hp cha cc mui Fe(NO3)3; AgNO3; Cu(NO3)2; Zn(NO3)2 th phn ng
oxh- kh xy ra u tin s l:
A. Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+
B. Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag
2+
2+
C. Fe + Cu Fe + Cu
D. Fe + Zn2+ Fe2+ + Zn
Cu 30. Cho 4.2g hn hp Mg v Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 2.24 lt H 2( ktc).
Khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 9.75g
B. 9.5g
C. 6.75g
D. 11.3g
Cu 31. Ha tan hon ton 0.1 mol hn hp Na2CO3 v KHCO3 vo dung dch HCl. Dn kh thu c
vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th lng kt ta to ra l:
A. 0.1g
B. 1.0g
C. 10.0g
D. 100.0g
Cu 32. Cht M l mui canxi halogenua. Cho dung dch cha 0.200g M tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 th thu c 0.376g kt ta bc halogenua. Cng thc cht M l:
A. CaF2
B. CaCl2
C. CaBr2
D. CaI2
Cu 33. Cho 100ml dung dch HCl 0.1M tc dng vi 100ml dung dch NaOH thu c dung dch c
pH=12. Nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH ban u l:
A. 0.12M
B. 0.13M
C. 0.14M
D. 0.15M
Cu 34. Cho 10.5 gam hn hp 2 kim loi gm Al v mt kim loi kim M vo trong nC. Sau phn
ng thu c dung dch B v 5.6 lt kh ( ktc). Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch B thu c
mt lng kt ta ln nht. Lc v cn kt ta c 7.8 gam. Kim loi kim l:
A. Li
B. K
C. Na
D. Rb
Cu 35. Cho V lt dung dch CO2 (ktc), hp th hon ton bi 2 lt dd Ba(OH)2 0.0225M thy c
2.955g kt ta. Th tch V cc gi tr trong khong no:
A. 0.336 lt hay 1.68 lt
B. 0.168 lt hay 0.48 lt.
C. 0.436 lt hay 1.68 lt
D. 0.336 lt hay 2.688 lt.
Cu 36. Sc kh CO2 d vo dung dch NaAlO2 s c hin tng g xy ra?
A. C kt ta nhm cacbonat.
B. C kt ta Al(OH)3.
C. C kt ta Al(OH)3 sau kt ta tan tr li.
D. Dung dch vn trong sut.
Cu 37. Ho tan 1.7 gam hn hp kim loi A v Zn vo dung dch HCl th thu c 0.672 lt kh iu
kin tiu chun v dung dch B. Mt khc ho tan 1.9 gam kim loi A th cn khng ht 200ml dung
dch HCl 0.5M. A thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II. Kim loi A l:
A. Ca
B. Mg
C. Cu
D. Sr
Cu 38. Cho 8.8 gam hn hp gm 2 kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d cho 6.72 lt kh hidro iu kin tiu chun. Hai kim loi l:
A. Be v Mg
B. Mg v Ca
C. Ca v Sr.
D. Sr v Ba.
Cu 39. Nung nng 100g hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 n khi lng khng thay i th cn li 69g
cht rn. Thnh phn % v khi lng trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 63 - 37
B. 42 58
C. 84 16.
D. 21 79
Cu 40. Hn hp X gm hai mui clorua ca hai kim loi ho tr II. in phn nng chy ht 15.05
gam hn hp X thu c 3.36 lt (o ktc) anot v m gam kim loi catot. Khi lung m l:
A. 2.2 gam
C. 3.4 gam B. 4.4 gam
D. 6 gam
145
Cu 41. Ho tan 4 gam hn hp gm Fe v mt kim loi ho tr II vo dung dch HCl th thu c 2.24 lt
kh H2 (o ktc). Nu ch dng 2.4 gam kim loi ho tr II cho vo dung dch HCl th dng khng ht
500ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi ho tr II l:
A. Ca
C. Ba
B. Mg
D. Sr
Cu 42. Ho tan 1 oxit kim loi ho tr II bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4 10% thu c dung
dch mui c nng 11.8%. Kim loi l:
A. Zn
B. Fe
C. Mg
D. Pb
Cu 43. Ho tan hon ton 9.6 gam kim loi R trong H2SO4 c un nng nh thu c dung dch X v
3.36 lt kh SO2 ( ktc). Xc nh kim loi R.
A. Fe
B. Cu
C. Ca
D. Na
Caauu 44. Khi cho 17.4 gam hp kim Y gm st, ng, nhm phn ng ht vi H2SO4 long d ta
c dung dch A; 6.4 gam cht rn; 9.856 lt kh B 27.30C v 1 atm. Phn trm khi lng mi kim
loi trong hp kim Y l:
A. Al: 30%. Fe: 50% v Cu: 20%
C. Al: 31.03%; Fe: 32.18% v Cu: 36.79%
B. Al: 32.18%; Fe: 31.03% v Cu: 36.79% D. Al: 25%; Fe: 50% v Cu: 25%
Cu 45. Ho tan hon ton mt t oxit FexOy bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng ta thu c 2.24 lt SO2
(o ktc), phn dung dch em c cn th thu c 120 gam mui khan. Cng thc FexOy l:
A. FeO
C. Fe3O4
B. Fe2O3
D. Khng xc nh.
146

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TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

MT S PHNG PHP GII NHANH

m = 64 + 0,4 44 0,4 28 = 70,4 gam. (p n C)

V d 2: un 132,8 gam hn hp 3 ru no, n chc vi H2SO4 c 140oC thu c hn hp cc ete c

mH2O mr u mete 132,8 11,2 21,6 gam

TI LIU LTH MN HA NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

n NO2 0,5 mol n HNO3 2n NO2 1 mol.

md2 mui mh2 k.loi md 2 HNO mNO2

0,1 242 100

2. PHNG PHP SUY LUN NHANH

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

t s mol hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 ln lt l x, y, z. Ta c:

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:

V d 3:Thi rt chm 2,24 lt (ktc) mt hn hp kh gm CO v H2 qua mt ng s ng hn hp Al2O3,

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

TI LIU LTH MN HA NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2

VNO = 0,0322,4 = 0,672 lt. (p n D)

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

X + Y Cht rn A gm 3 kim loi.

Tng s mol e nhng bng 0,5 mol.

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

VNO = 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt.

n HNO3 0,12 mol ;

Phng trnh ion:

VNO = 0,0622,4 = 1,344 lt. (p n A)

n CO2 = 0,35 mol ; nNaOH = 0,2 mol; n Ca(OH)2 = 0,1 mol.

n CO2 (d ) = 0,35 0,2 = 0,15 mol

tip tc xy ra phn ng:

CO32 + CO2 + H2O 2HCO3

n CaCO3 = 0,05 mol

TI LIU LTH MN HA NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

mCaCO3 = 0,05100 = 5 gam. (p n B)

tng khi lng hn hp (tnh theo gam)

M1n1 M 2 n 2 M 3n3 ... M i n i

trong con s 1 ng vi 100% v

TI LIU LTH MN HA NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

- Nguyn t hiro trung bnh:

BCO3 + 2HCl BCl2 + H2O + CO2

2. KLPTTB ca cc mui clorua:

Mmui clorua 34,67 71 105,67 .

Cu . KLNT (xp x khi lng

trung bnh) ca Cu l 63,55. Tnh % v khi lng ca mi loi ng v.

M = 63,55 = 65.x + 63(1 x)

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

Cch 1: Gi x l % th tch ca SO2 trong hn hp ban u, ta c:

M = 163 = 48 = 64.x + 32(1 x)

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

C. %m BaCO3 = 49,62% , %m CaCO3 = 50,38%.

197x 100y 39,7

%m CaCO3 = 100 49,6 = 50,38%. (p n C)

n CO 2 = nmui cacbonat = 0,2 mol,

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

t CTTQ ca axit no, n chc A l CnH2n+1COOH nn ta c:

7. PHNG PHP SUY LUN NHANH

Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe2O3:

TI LIU LTH MN HA NM 2013-2014 TRUNG TM LUYN THI I HC HNG PHC

TRUNG TM LTH HNG PHC-/C: S 26, 28 NG S 1, KDC METRO, TPCT-HOTLINE: 0909000895

m h 2 X = 0,172 + 0,025160 = 11,2 gam. (p n A)