PRACTICAL DISTILLATION Unit 6 Normal Operating SituationsSituation 1: Tower producing pentane overhead and hexane as the bottom produc, start | HERE END point [enoze ] Roe Le a eee {90% _| Previous 1 t 357F_] cuRent - FENTANE £ 75.8 |? PRESSURE B a TOK ' 1 i Ntaeed|*7k----4 er]? 1 | ane 1 [iow] c END POINT orga TOUR [is0- var] ° [00 Bi c TED 1. Product quality was determined by sending 2 sample to the Iaboretory for testing, or analysis 2 Look at the diagram. ‘The problem is: The overhead product doos not meet specifications. The current overhead Droduet has a (higher/lower) end point than the target higher A. The current overhead product is (lighter/heavler) than heavier 44. You ean make-no decision as tothe source of the problem fr the remedy for It until you have eollected all pertinent data on tower conditions ‘You must collet data frou instruments atthe uit Instrument readings show: Pressure Reboller temperature Bottom temperature ‘Top temperature Feed rate efx rate ier these readings on the dlagram. us10. 4 11 18, 19. 20. 2. ‘These readings Indicate the (previous / current) tower conditions ‘Comparing the current data withthe data, you get at Indication of what condiions Rave changed. Look at your fille.n diagram. The operating variable that hae changed Is the rate ‘This reduction in reflux has resulted in a (higher/lower) top temperature. Although you have a general Idee as to the source of the trouble, you are nol ready to make a change, yet. ‘You must first consider the of ‘any change that you may make ‘You know thatthe eu rate affects the In the tower. You know that a decrease in reflux rate (raiss/lowers) the temperature at the top ofthe tower. ‘You know that refux acts 10 cool the tower. Increasing the rate of eux will (Increase decrease) the top temperature Increasing the relax rate wil (snereasefdcerease) the end point of the overhead product, ‘Thus, you ean bring the product back to specfiations by th eels rate Your experience with the unit wil tll you how much to the refi cate ‘Knowing what mast be changed and how much change is necessary, you make the change (rapidly gradually). Inereasing the reox r conditions in the tower Fhuctuaing conditions cause products of ‘ually suddenly may cause Sutuating The produet wil meet the target (immediatly) afer a petod of time ‘You make no further adjustments until the tower has had to ratum to stable conditions [After you are sure that the operation Is stable, you check the result. ‘You take instrument gain, ‘These readings tell you whethor or not the adjustment has significantly disturbed oftee and ow rates inthe tower. ie) corent previous refine higher temperature decrease Increasing, oF easing ‘gradually poor fatter a period of ime23. 24. 2, You send another sample for vesting Information from the laboratory: Target sample oor nd point “The product (does/does not) meet specifications. oes ‘You (have/have not) made the proper adjustment have t17)‘Suton 2. Tower producing pentane overhead and hexane as the bottom product oes mere] ee ee q we jc ff Amin 1 PENTANE. Tean|+ raed if pat TH 1 ' es | a staat wene +e ar tfeom) (FY [eecele {40 rains oY cohemoie Tou flee] ror TET veevous _ == rm HEXANE, 1. Look at the diagram. Test rsuls show thatthe current Bottom product does not met specications ‘Thecaeeent bottom product latheavie(lghter|than desire Tighter 2 You have laboratory information showing the corent state of the products. Now you must collet data from instruments atthe unt. 3 Curent instrument readings sndlente Pressure a5 PSIG Reboiter temperate Ds ‘Top temperature Bottom temperature Feed ate Refux rte ter these readings on the diagram, 4. These readings show the (current/previous) tower coo current fia}10. 2 13. 4. 16 4. 16, 1 20, Look a the filled-in diagram. Tower bottom temperature 1s too (high/low, Previous information about tower conditions already en tered on the diagram comes from the unit By comparing current data withthe previous data, you ‘can Toeate any varlable that has changed. ‘The variable that has changed is the temperature. ‘The temperature in the reboller has decreased, thus the temperature inthe bottom, of the tower, ‘The result has been a (lighter/neavier) bottom product You know the variable that has changed and the result of that change Before you adjust the operation, you must the effects of any change that you may make. ‘Any change made in the rebiler temperature affects the ‘in the bottom of the tower. Reducing reboiler temperature will (reduce/inerease) the vapor rate in the tower A reduced vapor rate will (heat/eool) the tower You can bring the produet back to specifications by (in creasing/decreasing) the reboller temperature Your experience with the equipment tells you how much to change the reboller temperature. You make the change It takes for the product to come ‘back on target Aller the operation has become stable, you begin check Ing procedure. You take readings again. ‘These new readings show whether or not the adjustments have disturbed “any” other in the tower. You send a sample to be. Information on sample: Target Sample Tae ‘end point Product (does/does not) meet specifications. fi9) og reboller “decreasing, oF lowering lighter consider temperature reduce Increasing sradually conditions, or variables oes‘Stuation 3, ‘Tomer producing pentane overhead and hexane ‘asthe botom product on. a = sonst [mene wr ‘erfopmne exo Fowt eros Jo. toe! i ise ty gore | curtent ox [irae] Bar| new zoe Testa ¢ se Te pase | los. | ox Pome 12 ie 10 rot orga TearananE REBOWLER [isorssF os. ¢ TF] ws = ps FEED Rese HEXANE 1. Link atthe ingestion nave (Change isang speetn pos) comnge nara 2. New tng cls for Clg over prod vee 2. To change te compotion of he profil you. change te ower tonrerare 4 moet ings ete is Ras ener ‘opuanpeatre Bot tpeaue xara Fete hucort thee redings onthe alagram, ‘Ty inet (Scent) con cet 5. by cong the presente eadngs he perio wh be Bn oie value the prac operon of oe a [20]6 Looking for a change in an operating variable (willy willno!) give you a due to the necessary change this tne Nevertheless, you nood all the |S. IF the overhead produet Is ightoad, it will contain (more) less) pentane and (more/les) hexane. 9, To take less ofthe heavier component overhead, the tower temporature must (inereasy/ decrease) 10, "The top temperature must decrease in a manner that will have the effet on the bottom 11, To tak loa of the heavier componant overhead, the tm- perature on the top teay must (Increase decrease). 12, The best way to decrease the temperature onthe top tray, with the least flat on other conditions, isto change the 18, The reflux rate should be 14, nereasing the rex rate wil pel the top tray, and you will take a (ighter/heavier) product overhead, 15, After you have made the change, you allow for the change to take eft 16. The reauts will eur. 17. To chuck on any other changes that may have occurred ‘you take new 18, Send a sample for. 19, Lab results: Target ‘The product (docs/does not) meet the new spedfeations. 20, Check on the diagram the readings that you expect to shange significantly. (2a) will not ata mor, les top decrease least ecrease reflux rate Increased, or rasa lighter tine ‘gradually, orslowly instrument readings testing does refi rate and top temperature‘Situation 4, Tower producing gasoline overhead, naphtha, xero- sine and gas oll as side products, and reduced crude as the bottom product ox —— on ¢ ES NI = a. oa FEI, eyo rowt vo row _-fasaF|or on [rae wss00F] 01 Ea S| i ¢ © START] HERE aa wn = = Jur. eno powst ESSE sinsis] 10 aRoet aes ip vont [ster] cumsnr \ fesecr]ox. iran] new mice on ea] saalt ¢ Sis Oe vo rot ne career] or re ae 7 P REDUCED CRUDE 1. Situation involves (change tn targel/product off txt, 2. Current tower conditions indicate Pressure Feed temperature Feed rate ‘Top temperature [Naphtnaeod point Kerosine end point Gas ol end point ‘Bottom temperature Record thee onthe diagram. 3. This situation calls for a change to the end point of 4. The end point range has been changed from 510-515" F [22] ange in target eosin 520-525" F10. u. 1 13. 1 16 1 18. 19. IF you raise the end point of the erosine It will conta (more/les) of the heavier fractions ‘To ralse the kerosine end point requires a (higher/lower) way temperature for the kerosine ‘There (are several ways/ie only one way) to raise the temperature of the herosine draw of Normally, you (would/would not) accomplish the change by changing the pressure IF you raise the températuse.of the fled, you (increase) derease) the temperatures ofall the products ‘Therefore, an increase ln the fed! temperature to raise the end pot of Kerosie fs (desirable/udesirable). “The kerosine can be made heavier by (deereasing/inereas- ing) the top roux raze “This will aise the end point ofthe products (above/below) the kerosine draw ‘You want to change the end point of Kerosine with the least efeet on the other products ‘You adjust the operation (a8 Jar away from/as elose to) the kerosine drastof point as possible “The end point of the kerosine ean be rased by allowing hoavler vapore to rise to the way where keosino Is being dren off ‘This cam be accomplished by (desteasing/ncteasing) the mount of reflux to te trays below 1 the rela below the Kerosinedeaw offs decreased, the temperature inthe tower below the Kerosine daw off wil (eeeslseames. ‘The temperature of each tray (above/below) the kerosine ave wil be higher ‘The temperature of the vapors Hang to the Kerosine drawe wil be higher, ‘The draw-lf tray temperature will be ‘You draw more product from the ray’ to leave less lguld toflow downward as lower trays, ‘The amount of refx to trays below the kerosine draw in controlled By the How rat ofthe kerosine draw ‘The amount of this tex can be reduced by (Snereating/ dereasing) the Dow rate of the kerosine draw. [23] igher are several ways would not undesirable decreasing above ‘a doseto docreasing blow higher refx Increasing20, Attor allowing time for the tower to alain stability Check instrument 21 Sample Target Produet (doe/does not) meet specifications [24] readings doesSimation 5. Tower produciog yasollne overhead, naphtha, kero sine “and ga oll at sie product ed rede rude as the REFLUL tnD powst suo rom = free eS care |r TEROSME ge eB ‘ee = reer : So : This tower is controlled by regulating the temperature, In much the same manner as the hexanepentane towel ‘This tower produces (more fewer) products 2 Look al the diagram. The problem is; gasoline does not meet speeifiestions ‘The target calls for (heavler/ighter) gasoline than the tower is producing, 9. You have laboratory Information showing the current aly of the produc, Now you must calle from the Inktruments at the Unk 4. Instrument readings indicate Feed temperature Feed rate Raft rate ‘Top vemperature [Naphtha end point ‘Keroaine end point Gas olen point Bovtom temperature inter these readings on the dlagram [25] ae) ee DUCED CRUDE ata10. 4. In this tower, no hea is supplied by a All heat Is supplied by steam and by preheated ‘To return the overhead product to specification you must (raise/lomer) the top temperature, You (inerease/deerease) the ate After changing the reflux rate, you alow. for the operation to become "To cheek the results of the change: ‘Take________ readings Take a sample ‘Sample Taree 23rF 285-240" F end point end point Produet (does/does not) mest specications [26] instrument test, or check does