Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Multimedia HVBCVT
Multimedia HVBCVT
MULTIMEDIA
(Dng cho sinh vin h o to i hc t xa)
Lu hnh ni b
H NI - 2007
MULTIMEDIA
Bin son :
LI NI U
Bi ging v Multimedia Truyn thng a phng tin dng cho sinh vin v cng ngh
thng tin vi 3 n v hc trnh. Ni dung ca bi ging Multimedia cp n:
(i) Khi nim v a phng tin v nhu cu s dng a phng tin;
(ii) Thc hin n a phng tin, tc l sn xut sn phm a phng tin, theo
qui trnh nh n cng ngh thng tin.
Trong phn u, ti liu dnh mt s trang lit k mt s thut ng a phng tin. Tuy
chim ch trong gio trnh, nhng cc thut ng v a phng tin l rt cn thit i vi sinh
vin bc u lm quen vi cc khi nim a phng tin. Vic qun tr n a phng tin lin
quan n mt s khi nim c bn, nn i ch trng lp v ni dung; tuy nhin c vai tr nhc
li, v nhn mnh trong ton b gio trnh.
Ti liu c nh s chng mc theo qui nh xut bn. Cc chng c cu trc:
(i) Gii thiu ni dung;
(ii) Ni dung chng;
(iii) Tm tt v ti liu tham kho.
(iv) Cui chng l mt vi cu hi n li kin thc.
Do c im ni dung gio trnh v a phng tin, cc bi thc hnh trong phn cui ti
liu cng c gi tr khng km ni dung l thuyt, trong phn u ti liu.
Mt s thut ng cn ch thch bng ting Anh s c t trong cui trang.
y l ln u bin son nn ti liu cha c hon thin, cn nhiu ln chnh sa. Tc gi
rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca cc ng nghip, cc bn sinh vin c th chnh l,
b sung ph hp vi chng trnh o to v trnh cng ngh hin ti.
CHNG 1
GII THIU V QU TRNH A PHNG TIN
GII THIU
1. Khi nim v Multimedia
2. Hon cnh s dng Multimedia
3. Vn bn quyn i vi cc tc phm a phng tin
4. Tng quan v qu trnh pht trin Multimedia
5. Qu trnh pht trin mt sn phm Multimedia
6. Xc nh cc nt chnh ca sn phm a phng tin
i.
Qu trnh vit n
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
x.
xi.
K hoch v nh ng
To v s ho nh ng
ii.
Thit b
ii.
Phn mm
iii.
iv.
11. To hnh
i.
To hnh tnh
ii.
To hnh ng
NI DUNG
I. KHI NIM V MULTIMEDIA
Trc tin ngi ta c th hi a phng tin 1 l g ? a phng tin l tch hp ca vn
bn, m thanh, hnh nh ca tt c cc loi v phn mm c iu khin trong mt mi trng
thng tin s.
nh ngha v a phng tin s cp sau. D liu a phng tin gm d liu v :
Vn bn;
Hnh nh;
m thanh;
Hnh ng.
I.1. Khi nim v a phng tin
Con ngi c nhu cu din t cc trng thi ca minh; v h c nhiu loi hnh th hin.
Con ngi c nhu cu truyn thng, do cch th hin trn ng truyn rt quan trng. Trn
Internet thng dng vi mi ngi, ci p ca trang Web phi c th hin c ni dung v
hnh thc.
a phng tin c nhiu loi, nhng phng tin cng cng v a phng tin: Radio, v
tuyn, qung co, phim, nh...
Nhu cu v tng tc ngi-my lun t ra trong h thng thng tin. Vn chnh v
tng tc ngi-my khng l quan h gia con ngi vi my tnh m l con ngi vi con
ngi. Con ngi c vai tr quan trng trong h thng thng tin.
Mi trng
X l thng tin
Phn hi
multimedia
Thng tin ra
I.2. nh ngha
nh ngha a phng tin (theo ngha rng) l bao gm cc phng tin: vn bn, hnh v
tnh (v, chp), hot hnh (hnh nh ng), m thanh
Cui cng ngi ta c th nh ngha a phng tin; a phng tin l k thut m phng
v s dng ng thi nhiu dng phng tin chuyn ho thng tin v cc tc phm t cc k
thut
Lin quan n nh ngha a phng tin, ngi ta cn lu nhng kha cnh sau:
S dng phn mm c tng tc, cho php ngi dng trao i vi phn mm v thay
i theo ngi dng;
Phi thit k giao din ngi my ph hp vi pht trin ca a phng tin, tc giao
din ngi dng a phng tin c lu nhiu trong cc nm gn y.
Tr chi in t, video;
video on demand
distance learning
3
e-learning
2
n;
Hin th ton trang: hin th ng thi khong 20-60 dng vn bn gip ngi s
dng c thc r rng v ni dung ca mi cu, v d dng c cng nh r sot ti
liu. Ngc li, cc chng trnh son tho kiu tng dng mt chng khc no nhn
th gii qua tng dng k hp.
Hin con tr: Nhn thy mi tn, du gch ngang hoc mt khi nhp nhy trn mn
hnh gip ngi s dng thc c v tr lm vic hin thi.
1
2
D dng quay lui: Khi ngi s dng nhp mt dng vn bn, h c th sa cha
nhng k t nhm ln bng cch xo hoc vit . Quan im thit k to ra nhng
hnh ng ngc hoc lnh Undo, cho php hu b nhng hiu ng ca hnh ng
va thc hin, gim s cng thng ca ngi s dng trc mi thao tc.
K hiu bn quyn;
Tn ngi s hu;
Nm a ra ln u;
Mc ch ca bn quyn;
Quyn tc gi;
Sao chp : vic li th hin r rng qua hin tng chp li c on vn vo ti liu
ca mnh, cha k n sao chp tng m on vn th hin;
Trch dn : ngi ta khng cho php s dng sn phm trong vic th hin tng
ca mnh, cho d l trch sn phm nh l th d. Vic trch dn cn c xin php, v
i khi phi c chi ph;
Trin lm : sn phm a phng tin ti cc bui trng by, trin lm thuc v tc gi.
Vy nn dng tc phm trong trin lm phi c s ng ca tc gi sn phm;
Dch li : vic dch ti liu ra ngn ng khc cng nh th hin li tc phm lin quan
n s hu tr tu, khng nn vi phm;
Trnh by trc cng chng : Vic th hin li sn phm a phng tin trc m
ng cng nh truyn b l khng c php;
Suy din : suy lun l qu trnh rt ra thng tin mi t cc d liu c; vic dng
ca mt sn phm tc gi thu c sn phm khc cn coi nh tc gi sn phm
m bo cp nht
gi tr sn phm
S dng sn phm hp l
C quan s
hu tr tu
Th hin li
Sn phm c
bn quyn
Sao chp
Vi phm bn quyn
Ph kho
Nm 1965: Trong hi tho quc t v phim xut hin thut ng a phng tin
Nm 1995: Con ngi sng trong mi trng c y tin nghi v s dng nhiu
kt qu ca a phng tin
Quyn lc
Tin bc
a phng tin c s dng nhiu trong cc lnh vc nh qung co, dch v, gio dc, y
t, ngn hng... V iu cn thit nhm pht trin a phng tin l gio dc mi ngi nhn
thc v a phng tin, c kh nng t chc cc nhm cng tc v a phng tin.
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bn phm, phm TAB hay chut di chuyn con tr, sa li bng phm quay li, ngha ca tn
trng, ni dung ca cc trng, v s dng phm Enter.
S dng giao din in khun dng khng kh, nhng cng cn lu khi thit k giao din
ny. Cc kinh nghim lm vic vi in khun dng khng nhiu, nhng cng c mt s nguyn
tc ni bt rt ra t nhng ngi ang thc hnh vi loi giao din ny (Galtiz, 1993, Brown,
1988). Qua mt so snh ca c s d liu cp nht bng vic in khun dng v bng cu lnh
chng minh tc v s u vit thuc v in khun dng, Ogden v Boyle, 1982. Ngi ta c
cng c phn mm n gin, tr gip cht lng m bo... to iu kin bo tr giao din v
nng tc tng tc. Nhng thm ch ngay c vi cng c hon ho nht, ngi thit k vn
phi gii quyt nhiu cng vic phc tp.
1. Nguyn tc
Mt s nguyn tc dng trong thit k giao din in khun dng :
1. Tiu phi c ngha, cn gn lin vi ch , trnh vic dng thut ng chuyn
ngnh my tnh;
2. Ch dn y d hiu : m t cc mc cng vic ca ngi dng bng thut ng quen
thuc, tht ngn gn. Khi c nhiu thng tin cn thng bo th nn to mn hnh tr
gip cho ngi mi lm vic. H tr ngn gn , ch m t cng vic cn thit.
Chng hn ngi ta dng g vo a ch hay n gin ch l a ch v trnh dng
cc i t bn hy nh vo a ch hay lin quan ti cm t "ngi s dng hy
nhp a ch...
Mt nguyn tc hu dng khc l nhp thng tin v n cc phm c bit nh Tab,
Enter... con tr hin thi hoc s dng kho chc nng chng trnh. Do Enter thng
c cp n nh mt t kho c bit nn phi trnh vic s dng n trong cc ch
dn. Ng php dng trong cc cu ch dn cn phi dng ht sc cn thn;
3. Phn nhm v sp xp th t cc trng theo logic. Cc trng lin quan cn nn t
gn nhau trong mt khng gian ring phn bit vi cc nhm khc. Th t cc
trng d liu nn ph hp vi kin thc x hi, lut php, tm l nhn thc...
4. Trnh by khun dng nn bt mt. Nhm cc trng thch hp vo mt phn ca mn
hnh v cch bit vi cc phn khc bng nhng khong trng. S sp xp,cn chnh
to cho ta cm gic trt t ngn np v d hiu. Cch trnh by ny cho php ngi s
dng c thi quen tp trung vo cc trng nhp liu v khng cn qu ch tm vo
cc tiu . Nu ngi s dng dng vn bn giy t th mn hnh cng phi tng
ng nh vy;
5. S dng cc tiu quen thuc. Nn s dng cc thut ng quen thuc thng gp, th
11
12
B st tiu ;
Cc du hiu kt thc;
Tn file my tnh khng cn thit;
Cc k t l;
Cc ch dn kh hiu;
Nhm cc trng khng trc quan;
Cc th hin ln xn;
Cc tn trng khng r ngha;
Mu thun gia cc ch vit tt hay cc nh dng trng;
Con tr hin thi bt tin;
Cc th tc sa li phc tp;
Cc thng bo li khng thn thin.
Cc nguyn tc thit k chi tit nn phn nh bng cc thut ng v cc t vit tt ring.
rng, cao ca thit b hin th, cc c im ni bt nh o ngc hnh nh, gch chn, cc
mc cng , mu sc, phng ch, con tr hin thi, m cc trng cng c tc dng to nn s
thn thin i vi ngi s dng.
2. Danh sch v hp chn
C th gii thiu trong giao din in khun dng mt s cch tng tc ngi-my, nh
cc hp chn, danh sch la chn.
Trong mi trng ho v trn WWW cc nh thit k c th s dng cc hp danh sch
dng thanh cun lm gim gnh nng ca vic nhp d liu ca ngi s dng v gim cc li.
Danh sch vi thanh cun c th c di ti hng ngn mc nh ta c th thy trong nhiu ti
liu trn CD-ROM. Vic la chn nhanh mt danh sch di c th thc hin d dng bi hp chn
kt hp 1.
Trong nhiu trng hp ngi s dng c th g vo mt s k t u v buc thanh cun
phi chy ti . c trng ca danh sch l sp theo trt t bng ch ci nhm h tr ngi dng
khi g vo cc k t u, nhng cc danh sch khng sp xp i khi cng c th c ch. S kt
hp gia cc thc n n hin, thanh cun v in khun dng c th h tr nhanh vic la chn
thm ch c cho c cc cng vic nhiu bc.
combo-box
13
Thi gian. Mc d vic s dng h 24 gi l thun tin nht nhng rt nhiu ngi li
mun s dng mt cch trnh by gy nhiu rc ri l gi sng v chiu, km theo
k hiu AM, PM, nn giao din c th dnh sn khong trng ngi dng in;
Ngy thng. nh dng khun in cho ngy thng cng nh thi gian; c th t
sn../../.. hay cho bit ni in ngy, in thng, in nm;
K hiu tin t. Nn hin k hiu ng Vit nam hay la hin trn mn hnh, cho
php ngi dng nhp vo s lng. Nu s lng tin nhp vo l qu ln ngi s
dng phi thay i khun dng.
Mt iu ng lu khc trong thit k giao din in khun dng bao gm (i) nhiu dng
mn hnh, nhiu thc n v khun dng hn hp; (ii) s dng ho quan h ti cc khun dng
trn giy; (iii) s dng mu sc...
4. Cc hp thoi
Trong ho ngi dng c th thc hin vic la chn thng qua cc thc n ko th v
n hin. Nhng rt nhiu nhim v yu cu a la chn cng nh vic nhp d liu vo c th l
chui cc con s hay cc ch ci. a s cc gii php cho cc vn phc tp u cho php
ngi dng s dng hp thoi, chng hn ca s m file, ghi li kt qu... Cc hp thoi cng
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task-specific function
15
Hp thoi cn c s tch bit ngi dng c th phn bit c chng, nhng cng
khng nn qua th rp kht khe ti mc lm mt tnh hin th. Cui cng cc hp thoi cn bin
mt nhanh chng d dng.
Mt s nguyn tc thit k hp thoi :
1. Trnh by ni dung, dng cho c giao din thc n v in khun dng:
Sp xp t gc ty bc xung gc ty nam;
Tp hp v nhn mnh;
2. Quan h vi bn ngoi :
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Ngi ta thy cn trao i kin vi nhiu ngi dng t c cu trc giao din
hp l v hng ngi dng;
Nhng ngi thc hin s c li t cc cng c phn mm tin tin, t ng khi to,
qun l, tp hp thng k, v ci tin. Tnh kh chuyn s c pht huy chuyn
i qua cc h thng mt cch thun tin v vn quc t ho cng s tr nn d
dng hn bi cc cng c h tr ti thit k a ngn ng.
ch, mc tiu ca n;
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Mi trng sn xut;
Ngn sch;
Lch sn xut.
18
ng dy trc tip
Kinh nghim tng tc a phng tin t trc:
Khng
Mt cht
Tm
Tt
Kinh nghim v phn mm a phng tin
Tn phn mm:
Xc nh loi n (gii tr, gio dc, tnh ton, web)
Nhu cu dng mng Internet
Intranet/Extranet
Mng LAN
My PC n
Xc nh khch hng c kh nng v WEB CD
Xc nh th trng ra sao?
Xc nh tiu ch quan trng trong sn phm a phng tin
Tng tc
Ti nguyn cng ngh thng tin (phn cng, phn mm)
Audio, video
Gi
Thi hn
Qui m xy dng qui m cng vic sn xut, xc nh nhm nh
C quan
Ni bo tr (bo hnh trong thi hn, sa cha)
Li nhun (li bao nhiu)
Truy cp sn phm qung co
Hng dn s dng
Tch hp, trn ln cc phng tin trong mt sn phm
Ni dung a phng tin
Thi gian pht trin (chnh l thi gian sn xut ra sn phm)
Gii
Thi gian pht trin, tc thi gian thc hin n a phng tin;
Cc ngun ngn sch, t (i) chnh ph; (ii) t nhn; (iii) vn vay...;
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Ngoi ra, ngi ta cn xc nh cc kha cnh lin quan n qu trnh sn xut a phng
tin, ch yu tp trung vo :
o to, hun luyn ngi dng, ngi pht trin sn phm a phng tin;
Mt s quan tm v (i) xut bn; (ii) gio dc; (iii) cng nghip gii tr; v (iv) quc
t ho phm vi ca n.
Kha cnh chnh ca mc tiu n vi cc kha cnh ph, lin quan ca mc tiu
n;
Chn cu trc lc trnh din trong nhiu loi lc (i) tun t; (ii) song song; (iii)
tng tc; hay (iv) t hp ca cc loi cu trc;
Xp sp lch trnh, v dnh thi gian v kinh ph th nghim sn phm a phng tin;
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vo vn kin hp ng. Th d
Ngi ta c th t ra mc chi cho tng cng vic, theo bng k
Cng vic
Xut
x
Mc chi /
ngy
S
ngy
Thnh tin
21
3.
4.
5.
Ni dung
Cu trc ni dung
Cu trc
bn trong
X l
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Ngi dng cn thit k nng v tri thc khng ?, khi hc s dng sn phm;
S dng c cc thit b ?.
Tip cn
theo xu s
kin
Vit kch
bn
Bt
u
Pht trin
tng on
Kt
thc
Hnh. Vit kch bn i vi phng tin s dng tun t, hay tuyn tnh
23
Phn tch,
nghin cu
Tip cn
theo xu s
kin, theo
vi cch
Vit kch
bn (theo
vi cch)
Nhnh 1
Nhnh 2
Nhnh 3
Tr gip
kch bn
Chp nhn
Chp nhn
Chp nhn
Chp nhn
Video, vn bn
v ho
m thanh, vn
bn v ho
m thanh v
vn bn
1
2
script
scene
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tin theo di, c gi l danh sch cc s kin. Danh sch cc s kin l danh sch tng hp cc
ni dung theo cc tnh hung, trong cha c gi thit phc v ngi dng. Cc thng tin v cc
s kin gm (i) ch s ca cnh cha s kin; (ii) tn s kin; (iii) ch con ca s kin; (iv) yu t
cho php kch hot s kin; (v) m t s kin v kch tnh trong s kin.
VI.8. K hoch thc hin n
Vic t chc n a phng tin cn tun theo phng php khoa hc v qun l n
cng ngh thng tin, v qun l n u t ni chung. Ngoi vic t chc n, qun l n,
cc d liu a phng tin cn c t chc tt. Phn sau s cp mt s yu cu i vi d
liu a phng tin phc v qu trnh sn xut a phng tin.
Mt s k hoch c nu ra l :
K hoch v thu thp d liu a phng tin. Thu thp d liu: Mt cch th hin a
phng tin l lit k cc d liu thu thp c. Mt s thnh phn c bn trong mt
th hin a phng tin c lit k, gm (i) vn bn; (ii) hnh nh; (iii) m thanh;
(iv) hnh ng v phim (movie);
VI.9. Kt lun
Vic vit n xin u t khng n gin bi l ngi ta d cho rng mc ch, ni dung v
k hoch thc hin n , hon thin. Mt khc, do c nhiu n thnh cng, ngi
vit sau thng tham kho v chp li mt s on trong bn vit ca n khc, nn mt i tnh
c th ca n ca ring mnh.
Quan nim n a phng tin ch rt gn trong bng xut kinh ph v danh sch cc
thit b xin u t cng khng ng.
Trong n a phng tin, kch bn hay v kh thi cho php qu trnh thc hin n hiu
qu. u t vo kch bn v khu chun b trc khi thc hin s quyt nh phn ln thnh cng
ca n.
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Lp k hoch
Vit kch bn
Thu thp d liu
Tch hp d liu
In ln CD ROM
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ADPCM Adaptive delta (or difference) pulse code modulation l phng php m ho m
thanh, cho php gim tn sut d liu bng cch ch lu tr cc thay i v mu, ch
khng lu cc gi tr thc s ca mu.
Aliasing xy ra khi i tng c ghi sinh ra sai st. Khi d liu sai b coi l d liu
thc. Vi m thanh s ho, iu ny xy ra khi tn sut ly mu khng nhanh th
hin chnh xc sng m.
Knh alpha (alpha channel). Bn cnh cc knh , xanh, xanh dng i vi hnh nh,
cho php xc nh mu pixel, cn c knh cho php th hin s trong ca pixel; l knh
alpha. Tc ng ca knh ny bnh thng, ch khc su l hon ton, cho php trong
(hay c) hon ton. Trn TV, iu ny c gi l keying.
anti-aliasing. Trong ho, hnh khng c mn, c ra, do phn gii khng cao,
khng ph hp vi i tng. khc phc ngi ta c th x l mu st ra, v mu ca
i tng v mu nn. K thut ny khng p dng i vi hnh en trng; mt vi mn
hnh khng x l iu ny i vi vn bn.
applet. l ng dng tnh ton nh, thng trong ngn ng Java, c ti t mng my tnh
s dng nh mt phn trang Web ca mnh.
Artefacts. lm nhiu lon, sai khc i hnh nh hay m thanh, do th hin hay s ho.
Assets. l cc thnh phn a phng tin ca ng dng, nh m thanh, video, ho, hnh
ng, vn bn, kt hp to nn ni dung.
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rng ca bng ( bandwidth).khi lng d liu truyn qua cp hay knh truyn thng.
Thng cc knh d liu, ng ng c coi l bo khi c thng lng cao, hay gy nu
thp. rng bng truyn c n v l baud, bit trn giy.
bit depth. Cng dng nhiu bit, cng th hin c nhiu mu. Hnh 8 bit c th c 256
mu, colours, nhng ngi ta thng chn vi triu mu. Khi dng 256 mu ch vi mc
xm, hnh nh n sc nh nh chp en trng c th c x l tt. Hnh 16 bit c hng
nghn mu, cho php nhn nh theo nhiu gc khc nhau. Ngi ta cn dng loi 24, 32
bit.
Bitmap. hnh ho th hin nh bng ma trn cc pixel, thng xp trn xung, tri sang
phi. Hnh bitmap thng c phn gii tnh theo pel trn inch, v kch c pixel.
Gim t l bit (bit rate reduction). cc k s v m thanh, video thng dng thut ng ny
ch mc nn d liu.
Trnh duyt (browser). l phn ca phn mm cho php duyt qua cc ti nguyn. cc
dng d liu khc nhau. Trnh duyt Web dng duyt cc trang Web.
CD-TV. L h thng s dng a phng tin ngn hn trn my tnh Commodore Amiga.
cellular radio. l h thng lin lc radio dng nhiu b pht nng lc thp, trong vng hn
ch. in thoi di ng dng h thng ny.
CGI. Common gateway interface: chun Internet truyn thng tin gia ng dng v
my tnh ch.
Qun tr thay i ( change management). h thng do ngi pht trin thit lp, dng
gim st v iu khin mt s dng thay i trong lc pht trin phn mm
Dch (compile). cng vic chuyn m ngun sang chng trnh my tnh ri chuyn sang
m my.
Thnh phn (component). l hnh nh video c thng tin v mu, tch bit vi thng tin v
sng. Thng c hai tn hiu th hin thng tin mu. Ci ny tng t nh RGB, c
tch t 3 thnh phn.Cc thnh phn c xc nh mt hp vi cc mu khc nhau.
compressed with loss. nn d liu nhng khng th khi phc v tn hiu ban u. Tuy
nhin n p ng mc ch khc, nh ngn gn...
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compression. khi tnh ton, vic gim khi lng d liu l cn thit. Vi d liu video,
iu ny cng c ngha, dng chun MPEG v Cinepak. Vi m thanh, nn l vic gim
mc ng ca vic ghi m thanh.
computer based training. phng php o to s dng my tnh, c h thng tng tc.
concept testing. vic th nghim tng trc ngi dng c thc hin vi th trng
mu, vi mc ch kim tra tnh kh thi ca tng trc khi tin hnh n. Cc
phng php c th s dng tng tc, nhng khng nht thit. Th khi nim xut pht
t th trng, tp trung vo nhm cng tc.
Contouring. l khi cnh trong sn xut ho, thay i nh nhng sng ca mu. i
khi c gi l posterization, quantisation.
Credit. l lin kt con ngi vi nhim v h thc hin. Thng thng, ngi ta lit k tn
v chc nng thc hin, nh cui chng trnh TV.
critical path.tn ca xu ti u thc hin nhim v v ngn sch v thi gian trong qu
trnh lm n.
cross platform. m t pht trin ca ng dng trn nhiu nn phn phi khc nhau.
custom palette.l bng mu c chn ring cho th hin hnh nh, c chn t mu ca
hnh nh .
DAT. Digital audio tape, l loi bng 4 mm thit k cho m thanh s, vi mu 48 kHz, 16
bit, nhng c th dng ghi d liu tun t.
c.
delivery platform. l h thng a phng tin hay h thng ngi dng tng tc vi ng
dng. c t y v nn a phng tin l quan trng ng dng c pht trin.
development platform. l h thng a phng tin dng pht trin sn phm. H tng
ny khng nh h tng phn phi sn phm. iu quan trng l ng dng cui cng c
th nghim trong h thng phn phi ph hp vi nn c bit.
30
direct competitors. cc cng ty cng hng kinh doanh, cnh tranh v sn phm, bun
bn.
distance learning. l vic hc m nghin cu ca hc vin theo cc gio trnh khng theo
mi trng dy hc trc tip, m theo ng phn phi t xa.
distribution channel. h thng chuyn ti sn phm gia ngi sn xut v ngi dng.
Dither. l vic tc ng n tn hiu theo cch nu nhin, nh la tai, mt ngi dng,
hc tng cht lng tn hiu tt hn thc. Trong ho, l phn ngu nhin gm cc
chm mu, cho php thy phm vi mu ln hn. Khi s ho tn hiu, n cho php gim sai
st do qu trnh s ho gy nn.
Dolby. L hng ni ting v h thng gim n khi ghi m thanh, trong nhiu knh.
domain name. a ch trang tin c th l dy cc con s hay tn gn vi dy cc con s .
Ngi ta dng tn min d gi hn.
draw objects (cc i tng v). trong ho, mt hnh c xc nh theo thut ng s
khai nh ng, im, t mu...
dub. sao chp, thng dng vi m thanh hay video. Theo thut ng s ho, bn sao
khng khc bn chnh, nn bn sao c gi l clone phn bit vi bn chnh.
dumb terminal (thit b u cui cm). thit b u cui c bn phm v mn hnh cho
php th hin thng tin tnh ton ca my xa v chuyn iu khin v .
fair dealing or fair use. l vic s dng bn quyn mt cch hn ch, trong hon cnh c
bit, c l do.
31
field trials. s dng sn phm trong hon cnh pht hin ra li sa.
fixed term contract. l hp ng khng c ko di thi hn.
force majeure. l iu kin trong hp ng, khng bn k no c xm phm.
formative. thut ng ch qu trnh nh gi trong chu trnh pht trin. iu ny khc vi
vic nh gi tng th cui qu trnh sn xut.
frames. trong on video c nhiu phn chuyn ng, c to bng cc hnh tnh, l
khung. Ngi ta thng ch s ho cc khung tm li cho thun tin.
GIF. Graphics Interchange Format: l chun ho 8 bit, dng rng ri trn Web. N c
mt phn chun dnh cho hnh nh nn, trong sut.
graduated mask. trong ho, mt n xc nh cch m hnh nh th hai th hin trn hnh
th nht. Ngi ta thy s trn hai hnh nh..
Hacker. l ngi s dng k nng cng ngh thng tin sinh ra virus, hay xm nhp my
tnh khng c php.
half-toning. trong ho, l phng php to bng mu xm bng cch dng chm en
vi kch thc khc nhau.
hits, hit rate. hoc l s cc yu cu cc nhn v d liu m trang Web nhn, hoc l s
khch truy cp.
hot-spot. mt phn hnh nh trn mn hnh, kch hot hnh ng khi tc ng vo.
HTML. Hypertext mark-up language.
HTTP. Hypertext transfer protocol: l giao thc truyn thng Internet, dng trong WWW.
hybrid Web/CD. l ng dng a phng tin, cn ni Web v CD. CD-ROM s cp nht
t trang Web, hay trang tin dng CD-ROM lu thng tin.
Hypertext (siu vn bn). l vn bn khng tuyn tnh, c c bng cch nhy theo cc
mi lin kt, gi l siu lin kt.
Icon (biu tng). l k hiu dng hnh nh, dng th hin trn mn hnh, gn vi min
hnh ng. Ngi ta qua n kch hot phn mm. N c th i vi on vn bn minh
ho.
interface (giao din). gm thit k mn hnh, tng tc... trong giao din thn thin ngimy.
internal clients. l ngi trong t chc, xc nh mt phn cng vic cng lm.
Internet. L lin kt ton th gii, ni my tnh vi mng. Lin mng ni cc LAN v
WAN. Trong lin mng c Internet, dng cho khoa hc, gio dc.
Jaggies.l loi tc ng lm mn ng v.
Java.Ngn ng da trn C, pht trin trn Sun.
JavaScript. L ngn ng chy trong trnh duyt, cho php iu khin trang Web v tng
tc, thay cho HTML.
JPEG. L phng php chun nn hnh nh. JPEG : Joint Photographic Experts Group.
layer (of graphics). vi tng hnh nh c kt hp vi nhau trong ho to nn hnh
mi. Mi quan h gia cc tng do knh alpha iu khin.
MPEG
MPEG-2. L th h MPEG cho php truyn b video cht lng cao vi tn sut bit n 8
megabits trong 1 giy. Chun chu u i vi TV s; a video DVD v Betacam-SX ca
hng Sony s dng MPEG-2.
MPEG-4. L m
network analysis (phn tch mng my tnh). lin quan n phn tch ng gng; xc
nh nhim v chnh v cc nhim v h tr hon thnh n.
offline editing. l son tho video vi bn sao ca bng thc, trn thit b cht lng thp,
trc khi online-editing.
option bars. l phn ho cho thy im nng, cc , cc biu tng... cho php ngi
dng la chn.
performing right. l quyn trnh din mt phn m nhc cho ngi nghe.
Perl. L ngn ng dng nhiu trn Web, to nn trang tin ng.
Picon. l biu tng cho thy hnh nh thc, ch khng phi ho theo k hiu.
pilot projects. l cc n c kinh nghim c thit k nh pht trin run-up to fullblown.
plug-ins. l cc m rng nh v chc nng ca mt phn phn mm, nh trnh duyt Web.
port (to and a). l vic chuyn chng trnh my tnh t nn my tnh ny sang nn my
tnh khc.
project management (qun tr n). l c t, k hoch, iu khin thi gian, gi, cht
lng v ti nguyn, lin quan n hon thnh n.
38
scan. chuyn hnh nh phng nh bn in nh sang dng s bng cch o cc tham s hin
ca cc phn nh theo th t, trn xung.
scripting languages. l cc ngn ng my tnh dnh cho ngi t hiu bit v lp trnh.
Chng c dng cho cc nhim v c bit.
session fee. chi tr cho vic trnh din khi ghi m nhc.
set-top box. l h thng my tnh c thit k nh thit b gii tr ti nh.
Severance. l thut ng ch cng vic kt thc.
Sibilance. x l m x trong ting ni, tng cht lng.
sign-off. l ch k ca ngi c quyn kt thc cng vic; thng i vi cc mc cng
vic.
simulation. l k thut dng to ra hon cnh nh thc, ngi ta pht huy k nng.
N thng c dng trong hun luyn. Mt loi c nhc n l hin thc o.
site log. l bn ghi v cc yu cu qua giao thc HTTP, ghi li trm my tnh ch.
Slippage. lng thi gian b mt do lch trnh v hin trng ca n.
Software (Phn mm). l chng trnh my tnh.
source code (m ngun). l th h chng trnh ngi c c.
staircasing. s xut hin ca cc dng thng khng hon ton nm ngang.
standards conversion. l vic chuyn tn hiu video gia PAL v NTSC, trong TV.
standing waves. s t tc ng ca sng m khi phn x vo cui tng hay cui n in
t.
storyboards. m t theo cu chuyn, c hnh nh, dng trong sn xut video, trong n
a phng tin.
streamer tapes. l bng t, dng bng cassette hay bng cartridges, dng ghi sao lu.
Streaming. th hin cc file m thnah hay video trn mng ngi dng nghe c nh
thc, cn c cch ti ra hp l.
39
time code. thng tin thm vo video hay m thanh trong video, ng b cc khung.
time-lapse photography. k thut chp nh m my chp c nh v ghi chi tit trong tt c
khong thi gian.
time-based media. l phng tin thay i theo thi gian, nh m thanh, video.
Uncompressed. m t dng nguyn s ca hnh nh, d liu.
Universal Disc Format (UDF). L chun cho cu trc th mc, xc nh khong khng
gian cho a DVD-ROM.
usability laboratories. l phng c kin thit c bit, trong c th quan st ngi ang
dng ng dng v phn ng ca h c ghi vo bng video. Thng tin ny c phn
tch cho thy hiu qu ca chng trnh c cc khuyn co chnh sa.
usability testing. qu trnh ghi v din gii s s dng h thng ca ngi dng, thng qua
t hp cc phng php, gm ghi, quan st.
vertical blanking interval (VBI). l mt phn ca tn hiu video gia cui mt hnh nh
v u hnh tip theo.
video CD. l a CD, theo CD-ROM kiu 2, theo chun video v m thanh MPEG-1.
video compression. l vic gim khi lng d liu cn thit chuyn ti.
video on demand. l h thng ti nh, cho php truy cp d liu video ti my tnh ch xa.
video-conferencing. v c bn l t hp ca vic gi in thoi, v s dng video ti hi
ngh.
WORM. Trong lu tr d liu, Write Once Read Many, l loi a my tnh ch ghi ln ri
khng thay i c.
m nhc : lu theo nhan , trong th vic nhc vin; thng ghi khong 3 pht, lu tc
phm 3 nhc s; c th thy trn th trng; c th lu gi mi;
Ting ni : ghi ting ngh s chuyn nghip; thng ghi cho 2 ngh s, khong 35 pht;
c lu gi trong 3 nm; bn quyn v li ca ngh s theo (i) c ghi li; (i) c
quyn s dng.
Xc nh quyn v tr tu.
V thit b, ch yu l my tnh, ngi ta cn c la chn theo gii php tng th. Mt phn
cc thit b l c th tng hp nhau, mt khc tin cho ci t cc phn mm chuyn dng.
Cc chng loi my vi tnh c chn c b vi x l Motorola hoc Intel. Ngoi ra cn c (i) my
tnh ch; (ii) my in; (iii) my qut; (iv) ba m thanh, hoc trn my tnh c chc nng nh ba
m thanh; (v) thit b ghi CD 1; (vi) thit b MIDI 2.
X.2. Phn mm
Km theo phn cng l nhng phn mm :
1
2
Compact Disc
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
42
Phn mm chnh sa video, dng hay tch hp d liu a phng tin nh Adobe
PREMIERE, Ulead Video Studio;
B tp trung
Trm ch
Trm ch
Trm ch
Trm ch
Thit b mng,
nh cu, dn
ng...
Thit b mng,
nh cu, dn
ng...
Mng d liu
XI. TO HNH
To hnh cn tun theo cc nguyn tc m thut. Cho d d liu a phng tin dng hnh
nh, to nn bng phn mm v hay bng chp nh, hay dng video, gm nhiu nh tnh, mi
khung hnh cn c (i) b cc; (ii) ni dung...
XI.1. To hnh tnh
Hnh tnh nhm vo cc nh chp, tranh v, ha. Cn quan tm n chun nn thu gn
dung lng d liu; kch thc, xc nh khung hnh xut hin; nn th hin nh tnh...
3 dimensions
43
CU HI V BI TP
Cu hi 1.
a phng tin l g ? cho th d ?
Cu hi 2.
Hy nu ng dng ca a phng tin trong cng tc gio dc, y t, sn xut... ?
Cu hi 3.
44
45
http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/Multimedia/node1.html
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~ogden/com337/index.html
http://borkweb.com/story/an-introduction-to-multimedia
John
46
CHNG 2
QUN L A PHNG TIN
GII THIU
1. Ni dung
2. Mt vi khi nim
i.
Xc nh phm vi
ii.
Bc khi ng
iii.
3. Phm vi ca n
4. Cc xut
i.
Mc ch ca cc xut
ii.
Ni dung xut
iii.
M t cc thnh phn
iv.
Kt lun
ii.
iii.
Qun tr s thay i
iv.
Cc giai on ca n
v.
Kt lun
6. iu khon ni dung
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Kt lun
Gii thiu
ii.
47
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
Kt lun
Th d
ii.
Cc rng buc
iii.
Ngn sch
iv.
v.
Cc nhn t v video
vi.
Audio
vii. My tnh v ho
viii. Vn bn
ix.
Kt lun
V giao din
ii.
iii.
Kt lun
Gii thiu
ii.
iii.
iv.
Kt lun
Xc nh k nng cn thit
ii.
iii.
iv.
Tr gip chung
v.
Tr gip k thut
vi.
Kt lun
48
Qun tr sn phm
ii.
iii.
Phng thu
iv.
S ho
v.
Lm vic vi a cng
vi.
Sa cha
Kt lun
ii.
Nguyn tc c bn ca video
iii.
15. Sn phm ho
16. Tch hp
i.
Cc cng c lp trnh
ii.
Cc giai on
17. Bn quyn, s hu tr tu
18. Th nghim
i.
ii.
iii.
Chin lc th
iv.
Phn mm th nghim
v.
Kt lun
19. Lm t liu
i.
Cn thit ca t liu
ii.
Kt thc n
iii.
Kt lun
49
NI DUNG
I. MT VI KHI NIM
I.1. Gii thiu
Vic sn xut ra sn phm a phng tin qua nhiu pha, hay nhiu bc. Ngi ta thc
hin qu trnh sn xut theo dng n cng ngh thng tin, hay c gi l n a phng
tin.
Bng nu bn cho thy mt s loi cn b, gi cc vai tr khc nhau trong n v mt s
pha sn xut.
Websize trn
mng truyn
thng
Sn phm video
Tnh ton
Xut bn
Gio dc, o
to c tng tc
Vai tr
Qun tr Web
Son tho Web
Thit k Web
Lp trnh Web
Ngi sn xut
Gim c
Ngi vit kch
Ngh s ho
Qun l n
Phn tch
Lp trnh
Ngh s
ho
Tc gi
Ngi bin tp
Ban bin tp
Phn tch o
to
Thit k tng
tc
Pha sn
xut
Phn tch
Thit k
Th hin
Sn xut
Kch bn nghin
cu
Phn phi sn
phm
Quay
Phn tch
Th nghim
Lp trnh
Th hin
Pht hnh
Sn xut
Phn tch
Thit k
Th nghim
T liu
(Khch
hng kt
qu)
xut
Kch bn
Th hin
Story Board
Cu chuyn
Th hin
c t chc
nng
c t k
thut, th tc
qun l v
thay i
Bn nhp
Cc xut
Thit k tng
th
Thit k chi tit
Nhng qui nh
n a phng tin c thng tin qua bng cn ch trng vo (i) tnh a dng ca n;
(ii) tnh a dng ca khch hng; v (iii) tng quan v vng i ca n a phng tin tp
trung vo li ch ca khch hng.
50
Phm vi n
Mc 1. Qun tr
Vch ra cc iu khon n
v cch thc lm vic
Mc 2. c t chi tit
iu khon
chi tit
Nn chung
Mc 3. Qun tr
Lp nhm
Qun l nhm
m thanh
Video
Tr gip h thng
Mc 5. Qun tr
Vn bn
Mc 6. Th nghim
Th pht trin
Th tch hp
Mc 7. Hon thin
Th t kt qu
Mc 8. Hon thin h s
K tt hp
ng
Giao din, thit k giao din
Tch hp
Lm t liu
51
II. PHM VI CA N
Mt s kha cnh trong vic xc nh phm vi ca n a phng tin gm :
Xc nh mu in ni dung n;
Xc nh h tng cng ngh cho php thc hin n a phng tin.
III. CC XUT
III.1. Mc ch ca cc xut
xut s tng qut ha cc quyt nh pht trin, da trn nhng thng tin nhn c t
pha khch hng, theo kinh nghim bn thn v kinh nghim ca nhng ngi tham gia n.
Mc ch lit k cc xut l cho khch hng thy mt cch r rng, sng sa v cc tip
cn ca n, bn cht ca cc gii php, a im thc hin n
III.2. Ni dung xut
Cc xut n a phng tin gm :
52
53
Qu trnh sn xut gm nhiu cng vic nh, c phn chia r rng. Vic tch bch cc
cng vic nh to iu kin qun l tt theo sn phm. C th chun b cho qu trnh sn xut vi
cc tng v :
Chn ra ngi th nghim, nh gi sn phm. Cho ngi dng kim tra v bit r yu
cu, cho ngi thit k kim tra kim tra li mnh;
III.4. Kt lun
Cn thit nu ln cc xut v gii php thc hin n a phng tin.
Nhng iu khon trong xut s c chi tit ha i vi tng loi d liu a phng
tin, trong tng cng vic c th ca qu trnh thc hin n a phng tin.
54
Qun tr;
Sn xut video;
Sn xut audio;
Sn xut ho;
Pht trin c s d liu;
Lm t liu;
Tch hp v s dng my tnh.
IV.3. Qun tr s thay i
Nhiu l do dn n thay i. Vic thay i tc ng khng nh n thc hin n a
phng tin.
Cng nghip cng ngh thng tin c nhiu cch iu khin vic thay i, hay gi l
qun tr thay i.
Mt vi cch da trn s tin cy, tp trung x l mi quan h vi khch hng. Cng ngh
55
phn mm cho thy qun tr thay i cn c iu khin v gim st cn thn, theo qui trnh.
Qun l vic ny thng qua cc vn bn, theo khun dng, c cc mc :
Tn n;
Thi im thay i;
M t thay i;
Cc yu cu thay i;
Tc ng i vi chng trnh; vi h thng; vi ti nguyn;
Ph duyt.
Gii php dung ho l cn thit, trnh gy tng nhiu kinh ph n.
IV.4. Cc giai on ca n
n a phng tin ni chung tun theo cc giai on pht trin sau :
1. Tho thun v cu trc v lnh vc chnh v ni dung;
2. Tho thun v h tng cho n, nng lc k thut ca h thng trc tip, v cc c t
n;
3. iu khon chi tit v : vn bn, phng php tip cn, thc n, m thanh, ho,
video;
4. Tho thun v thc hin pha 1;
5. iu khon hon thnh sn phm v c t sn phm.
Vic so snh qun tr n a phng tin ang c thc hin vi cc qu trnh qun tr
cc n khc cng cn thit, thy c :
Khi tin hnh ti a phng tin, ngi ta thng cho rng c th d dng thay i thit
k ban u. iu ny khng ng vi vi qun tr n a phng tin. L do khng nn thay i
cc thit k ban u ca n a phng tin da trn cc hiu bit :
1. Thay i ng ngha vi vic tng gi qun tr v sn xut;
2. Thay i lm tng thi gian lm li;
3. Thay i i khi thnh cng nu iu khin c; ngc li vic thay i thng lm
chm qu trnh;
4. Nu vic thay i m khng gy ko di thi gian th chi ph, gi c s tng;
57
Quyt nh,
vch hng
on 1
on 2
on 3
Pht trin cc
mc, theo
nhiu dng
video, vn
bn, ho
audio, vn
bn, ho
Tr gip
audio, vn bn
Ngi qun l cc b phn trong n cng c vai tr khng nh; h trc tip lin
quan n qu trnh thc hin n.
2.
ng dng o to;
3.
58
1. Nht tr v chnh;
2. Xt n nhu cu ngi dng;
3. Xt n kh nng lp trnh;
4. Hc hi thm.
V.5. Nguyn tc c bn thit lp ni dung
Mt s nguyn tc cho php thit lp ni dung :
1. Cn c vo loi n, thuc vo lnh vc gio dc, hay gii tr, hay tuyn truyn;
2. tui ca ngi dng;
3. Xu th th trng a phng tin;
4. Thoi gian n;
5. Mc su, rng ca n a phng tin, phm v tc ng;
6. Kh nng cp nht ni dung.
V.6. Kt lun
Platform
59
60
VI.6. Kt lun
Vic phn phi sn phm ca n a phng tin lin quan n khch hng ca n.
Vic tip th sn phm l cn thit.
C nhiu cch khc nhau th hin sn phm; vy nn c th s dng loi phng tin
chun, ri ct may theo ca khch hng.
Gi c
Thi hn sn
xut
Video
Sn khu
Phng vn
Lm t liu
Cao
Thp, trung bnh
Thp, trung bnh
Di
Ngn
Di
m thanh
Sn khu
Phng vn
m nhc
Trung bnh
Thp
Thp, trung bnh
Di
Ngn
C th rt lu
ho
video
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Ngn, t.bnh
Ngn, t.bnh
Ngn
Ngn
ho
my tnh
Cao
Trung bnh
Trung bnh
Thp, trung bnh
Thp, trung bnh
Thp
Di
Di
Di
Trung bnh
Ngn
Ngn
Nhip
nh
Dng phim
Dng s ho
Th vin nh
Ngn, t.bnh
Ngn
C th lu
Thp
Nhanh
Trung bnh
Trung bnh
Trung bnh
Ngn
Vn bn
Dch
Trn cc ng video
Vn bn
Ghi
ch
61
Cc nguyn tc th hin a phng tin (i) im mnh trong trang th hin; (ii)
im nt ca s kin; (iii) tm l nhn bit;
Vai tr ca m thanh;
Ci t
Th mu
nh gi
c t yu cu
Hnh. Cc pha thit k giao din hng ngi dng, theo m hnh hnh sao
62
63
D liu
Tri thc
Bn ghi 1
Bn ghi 2
Bn ghi 3
Bn ghi 4
Bn ghi 1
Bn ghi 2
Bn ghi 3
Bn ghi 4
bn ghi 1
bn ghi 2
bn ghi 3
bn ghi 4
...
Vng nh lu tr
Bng ch s
Bn ghi 1
Bn ghi 2
Bn ghi 3
Tnh ton a
ch trn phng
tin lu tr
Bn ghi 3
Vng nh lu tr
Hnh. Vai tr ca hm a ch trong cch t chc d liu theo a ch trc tip, ngu nhin
Vic t chc d liu v lu tr d liu theo cch khoa hc l khu quan trng trong (i) h
qun tr file; (ii) h qun tr c s d liu. Khi lp chng trnh, cc kiu t chc d liu c ngi
64
lp trnh xem xt, nhng khi s dng h qun tr c s d liu, h c h qun tr m bo.
Tuy nhin vic hi d liu a phng tin c quan tm, v l cng vic ly kt qu v
a phng tin t h thng a phng tin.
Con ch v cc c tnh;
Phn mm son tho vn bn v x l vn bn;
Vn bn thuyt minh cho cc d liu audio, video
VII.9. Kt lun
Phn trn xt n mt s yu cu i vi d liu a phng tin. Mt n a phng tin
s tch hp nhiu loi d liu ny, tun theo cc yu cu v thit k k thut ca n.
tin theo di, c th s dng cc th d trc quan v cc d liu a phng tin tin
theo di, trnh chiu.
65
m ho
la chn
tr li
So snh
thc hin
tr li
S ch
Nhp thng tin
hoc m phng
m ho
la chn
tr li
So snh
thc hin
tr li
B nh
Hnh. Cc giai on x l thng tin m rng dng trong m hnh x l thng tin
M hnh nhiu ngn ca b nh m t r hn cch ni kt ba qu trnh. c trng chnh ca
b nh ny l cc dng khc nhau ca ngn nh : (i) ngn thu nhn; (ii) ngn nh ngn hn; (iii)
ngn nh vnh cu. Ngn nh ngn cn c gi l b nh lm vic.
Nhp t ngoi
lu tr iu
nhn bit
b mt khi
lu tr
Lu vo b nh
tm thi
b mt khi
lu tr
lu vo b nh
vnh cu
din gii, suy din, v
b mt ti b nh vnh
cu
66
ngi dng, lin quan n hiu sut ngi dng. Theo Card et al., 1983, b x l mang tnh ngi
c m hnh gm 3 h thng tng tc : (i) h thng cm nhn; (ii) h thng gim st; (iii) h thng
nhn bit. B x l ny c trng c qu trnh nhn bit a dng. Ngi ta tru tng ho h
thng ny v thu c m hnh GOMS 1. Mt trong nhng vn v tru tng ho m hnh nh
lng t cc m t nh tnh v hiu nng ngi dng l m bo hai kha cnh nh lng v
nh tnh c lin kt vi nhau.
Vic ch tp trung gii thch : (i) cch th hin tri thc; (ii) cch pht trin m hnh v
dng cho HCI; (iii) cch con ngi s dng tng tc v trng thnh trong h thng my tnh.
1. tay g phm
4. tr li qua
bn phm
67
ra sao khi i tng c th hin trn mn 2D 1; (iii) cch th hin m hnh 3D trn mn 2D
v trong mi trng o; (iv) dng khc nhau ca chng trnh ho ho.
VIII.3.1. Nhn thc nhn
H thng nhn cho php nhn thc cc i tng theo sng, nhn bit chuyn ng ca
i tng. C vi l thuyt tnh ton cho php gii thch vic nhn, chia lm hai lp : tip cn cu
trc v tip cn sinh thi.
Theo Gregory 1970, Marr 1982, ngi theo tip cn cu trc tin rng qu trnh nhn l
do th gii c to nn t thng tin trong mi trng v tri thc c lu t trc;
Theo Gibson, 1979 th ngi theo l thuyt sinh thi tin rng nhn thc i hi qu
trnh nht thng tin t mi trng v khng cn x l.
2 dimensions
68
69
70
71
Mt nt su quan trng l th sai chuyn ng. Khi u ngi ta di chuyn th nhn cng
theo tn sut khc nhau.
Lp trnh ho
M hnh th hin i tng 3D c th dng trong lp trnh giao din. Bng cc kiu lp
trnh ho khc nhau, ngi ta c th th hin qu trnh h thng tru tng, cc i tng d
liu, cc kha cnh khc trong giao din. Vi i tng phc tp, c th cn :
stereoscopic
72
Hnh dng tru tng cho php th hin i tng khc nhau;
B ch th hin i tng.
Mt s lu :
1. M ho i vi d liu nh lng. Cc th c th th hin thng tin nh lng,
c quan h vi nhau. u im chnh ca th hin th l cho php ngi ta d nhn
bit v (i) mi quan h v d liu a chiu; (ii) xu th d liu trong s thay i; (iii)
khim khuyt ca mu d liu thc;
2. M ho v mu. M ho v mu to iu kin cho vic lp trnh v cu trc ho thng
tin ti giao din, cng nh cho php con ngi nhn tt hn. Tuy nhin cn trnh lm
bn mu khi lm dng.
3. M ho theo mu so vi m ho n sc. Mt s nghin cu cho rng s dng mu
trong mt s trng hp khng tt bng dng n sc. Vic th hin vn bn c
ngm nh l n sc.
4. Biu tng. Biu tng l hnh nh c dng th hin i tng, cng c ng dng
nh hnh v, tin ch, cu lnh. Vic dng biu tng qu to s gy kh khn cho vic
phn bit.
Mt s nguyn tc s dng mu sc
Mt s kinh nghim tm l hc c dng quyt nh tnh hiu qu ca vic dng mu
khi nhn bit. Davidoff, 1987, tng kt nhng ngm nh :
Kinh nghim ca ngi dng khi so snh m khng mu, tc en trng, c dng
nhiu trong vic tm kim cng vic i vi ngi t kinh nghim.
Nm 1991, Travis ngh phng hng s dng mu trong giao din nh sau:
1. Da trn nguyn tc mu c dng trong c ch to nhm, hy dng cc mu khc
nhau phn bit cc tng;
73
74
ngi ta dng iu d nh dng trong nhn thc, tr gip vic nh, th d dng ca
dao gi li tri thc. Tri thc trong th gii thc v trong giao din cn c s dng.
VIII.5. Tri thc v m hnh thn kinh
Mc ch phn ny l : (i) hiu s khc nhau gia cc dng chnh ca th hin tri thc v
cu trc tri thc; (ii) hiu l do khi nim m hnh thn kinh quan trng i vi HCI; (iii) hiu s
khc nhau gia m hnh cu trc v m hnh chc nng; (iv) c th ngh cch p dng khi nim
m hnh thn kinh vo thit k giao din.
VIII.5.1. Cc dng th hin
Tri thc th hin trong b nh theo ba dng chnh (i) th hin tng t, nh l chp li
hnh; (ii) th hin theo mnh , tru tng v dng cu ca ngn ng; (iii) th hin phn tn,
dng mng cc nt.
a mm
a
cng
Mn
M
Mac Classic
Workstation
o
Hnh thnh mng thn kinh
Laptop computer
IBM Compatible
tn ngi
75
Da trn k nng;
Da trn lut;
76
n d
tri ma, my
n d
cng tin
n d
a phng tin
Hnh. Th d s dng n d
VIII.6.1. n d bng li
Khi tip cn cng ngh mi, con ngi thng hiu iu mi theo cch n d, nh son
tho trn my nh nh my ch. Chnh lin kt ny m bo cho m hnh thn kinh ca h thng
my tnh. Tri thc v min quen thuc c nhn di thut ng phn t v quan h.
VIII.6.2. n d o
Thay v pht trin n d bng li ngi dng hiu giao din, hng Xerox thit k giao
din n d, da trn vn phng vt l, sau ny l giao din ngi dng hnh sao. Khi nim
chnh ca n d giao din l to i tc in t i vi i tng in t trong vn phng. iu
ny i hi th hin i tng nh biu tng trn mn hnh, th mc, giy... Thay v dng thc
th tru tng, ngi ta dng tn bt k.
V m hnh thn kinh bi v n d hn hp, ngi ta thy :
Cc nh thit k pht trin n d hn hp trong giao din. Theo Carroll, 1988, hnh
thn kinh bi cho php n d my tnh c kt hp vi n d khc s dng mm
do cc hot ng;
M con ngi tin lm vic vi n d hn hp; lin quan n file v cc ca s hnh ng.
n d
Mi trng iu hnh
My tnh
Trang tnh
Trang gp
Bng c cc ct
Mi trng hng i
tng
Th gii vt l
Siu vn bn
T ghi chp
Mi trng hc
Chuyn i
Lu tr file
Cc file, chng h s
Mi trng a phng
tin
Cc phng (lin kt vi
phng tin)
a tc nhn
77
m hnh
ngi dng
Ngi thit k
Ngi dng
bb
T liu
H thng
hnh nh
ca h
thng
Hnh. M hnh ngi dng trong m hnh thit k (Norman v Draper, 1986)
Cc m hnh ngi dng, m hnh thit k v hnh nh v h thng c nhn nhn nh sau
:
iu quan trng ca m hnh khi nim l mi quan h gia m hnh ca ngi thit
k, tc m hnh thit k, v m hnh thn kinh ca ngi dng, tc m hnh ngi
dng;
Nhn chung, ngi dng pht hin m hnh thit k qua giao din, hnh vi v vn bn;
l hnh nh h thng.
78
Hc l kh;
H tng qut ho iu h hc c;
Tng tc c vn ;
Mt vi cch hc :
Hc theo li sai; (i) nm c li; (ii) m t li; (iii) li do d liu; (iv) li do hnh
ng tng tc; (v) li do mt tng tc; (vi) li v kiu;
Ngi ta cn (i) gim v nhn dng li ca ngi dng; (ii) pht hin li h thng.
VIII.7.2. Thu thp kin chuyn gia
79
Mt s vn :
1. Chuyn gia. Tri thc chuyn gia l quan trng; tuy nhin khc nhau gia h chuyn
gia v chuyn gia;
2. K nng ly tri thc. Tri thc m t/ tri thc th tc...;
3. To iu kin thu thp k nng tng tc my tnh.
VIII.7.3. Tm l hc lp trnh
Mt kha cnh cn thu thp tri thc cho HCI l tm l lp trnh. L do cn thit tm l hc l
lp trnh theo yu cu thng kh hc. Mayer, 1998, pht trin cng trnh v tri thc ca ngi
lp trnh, c trng chi tit nhng khc nhau chnh gia th hin v chuyn gia. C 4 loi tri
thc lp trnh: (i) c php; (ii) ng ngha; (iii) lc , tc phm tr trnh con; (iv) chin lc, tc
cc k thut gim st.
Ngi ta dng khi nim chuyn giao m/ dng trong lp trnh :
Chuyn giao m : hiu tri thc mi lp trnh theo quan h ngn ng t nhin, ch
c lm trc .
V k nng lp trnh, nn cn s dng k thut cho vic thit k v lp trnh :
80
hung hc.
VIII.8. Kha cnh x hi trong tng tc a phng tin
m t qu trnh lin lc v tng tc gia con ngi v my tnh, con ngi, c mt s
vn lin quan : (i) cch hiu hi thoi nh c s ca ng dng lin lc; (ii) so snh ngm nh
v nguyn tc rt ra t phn tch x hi v nhn thc v hnh vi con ngi; (iii) vn lin lc v
tng tc i vi ngi thit k.
VIII.8.1. Phn tch hi thoi
Tri vi m hnh ho cc hnh ng nhn thc c nhn, cc tip cn x hi mun lm sng
t cc cu trc bt bin v cc mu trong t chc ca tng tc con ngi. Cc nh tm l hc x
hi, x hi hc, ngn ng hc, nhn chng hc, trit hc pht trin nn l thuyt nghin cu
cc mu v cc cu trc nh vy. iu ny nh hng n HCI v ngn ng/ hnh ng.
Tip cn ngn ng/ hnh ng xem ngn ng nh phng tin con ngi th hin, da trn
l thuyt hnh ng ni rt ra t trit hc v ngn ng.
VIII.8.2. Lin lc theo nhm
Thng thng ngi ta lin lc hai ngi, v ngi thit k da vo cuc hi thoi ny
ly tri thc th khng thch hp, do my tnh cn tng tc nhiu ngi. Lin lc theo nhm cn
thit i vi vic xc nh kha cnh chnh ca lin lc nhiu phn, c trong trng hp c hay
khng phng tin cng ngh.
Hi thoi i mt, nhiu phn : tun theo giao thc giao tip;
Lin lc nhiu phn vi my tnh. C th dng cng ngh vi kiu lin lc nhiu phn.
Cc h thng hin ti : hi thoi in thoi, hi tho my tnh, hi tho video, tr
chuyn qua mng, th in t.
81
Vn ho t chc.
Vn phng t ng ho;
Ngi nh in t;
Lng ton cu, trong tch hp my tnh v truyn thng lin kt x hi.
82
hnh
ng 1
hnh
ng 2
thao tc
1
thao tc
1
hnh
ng n
thao tc
n
83
Mt cch xc nh
Ni dung kh khan
Ngn ng hnh thc
Tng tc
Ni dung phong ph
Ngn ng phi hnh thc
VIII.10. Kt lun
Con ngi l i tng chnh trong giao din ngi-my. Ngi ta khng nh nghin cu
v giao din ngi-my tc l nghin cu giao din gia con ngi v con ngi.
Mt trong cc khoa hc c cp nhiu khi nghin cu v con ngi trong HCI l tm l
hc nhn thc. Vic nghin cu v tri thc con ngi, v c ch nh, c ch thu nhn thng tin...
l cc vn chnh.
Mt vi cu hi c th tr li ngay :
1. Ngi ta dng g th hin su ca hnh 3D ?
2. u nhc im ca m hnh ho theo khung si, theo i tng c ?
i vi nh tnh;
i vi m nhc;
i vi m thanh;
i vi video.
IX.3. iu khon lut php
Vic qun l ti chnh tun theo cc ngh nh, iu lut, thng t hng dn. Tu theo
quc gia, phm vi hot ng ca n a phng tin, m ngi ta xc nh r hnh thc thanh
ton, k kt hp ng nh trong n.
Cn lu n :
84
IX.4. Kt lun
C n a phng tin, cn c vic s dng tin, thanh ton. Ngi ta ng chm n lnh vc
chuyn mn khng h lin quan n a phng tin, l lnh vc ti chnh, ngn hng, kho bc.
Tuy nhin, trong n vn phi c b phn lin quan n cng vic ny, lm chc nng
thanh ton, trang tri ph tn tiu hao trong n.
Vic kim ton do n v c lp thc hin.
1
2
still camera
video camera
85
Vit kch bn
Thu thp d liu
Tch hp d liu
In ln CD ROM
86
87
thanh;
C thnh phn tr gip chung, thuc v (i) tr gip nhn s; (ii) tr gip th k;
Xy dng b phn tr gip k thut, v (i) k thut; (ii) vit kch bn; (iii) chuyn gia
o to; (iv) thit k tng tc; (v) chuyn gia v ch .
Xc nh ngi qun l thnh cng v xc nh tnh sng to trong qu trnh cng tc;
Trng n
Ngh s ho
Gim c video
Ngi lp trnh
Tr l n
C kch bn sn sng;
m bo c y cc yu cu cn t;
88
Phng thu : (i) lm vic vi ngh s; (ii) yu cu i vi phng thu; (iii) cht lng
mono, stereo v m thanh rng khp;
Hnh. Th d v sng m
XII.3. Phng thu
Phm vi
MICRO
Phm vi
Phm vi
MICRO
MICRO
Phm vi
m thanh cho video l ng dng ph dng nht ca m thanh trong a phng tin;
Nhiu phn mm cho php ghi m thanh trc tip vo my tnh, qua micro, bng v
CD nh phn mm Adobe Premiere;
Cc yu cu v phn cng m thanh l (i) Loa gim st; (ii) Micro; (iii) Ba m thanh/
ba a phng tin.
89
Chnh sa kt qu.
XII.6. Kt lun
D liu m thanh l mt trong cc loi d liu chnh ca sn phm a phng tin. Phn
ny cp mt vi kha cnh v m thanh. Tu theo nng lc ca phn mm x l m thanh,
ngi ta c th vn dng cc c im ca d liu ny trong sn phm tch hp.
My quay
C s d
liu video
To nn sn phm hon chnh, di dng file *.exe, c th khai thc trc tip khng qua
phn mm ca hng.
90
nng. Cng vic ny bao gm c m hnh ho 3 chiu v xy dng hot hnh. Hot hnh 2
chiu biu din cc i tng theo trc X v Y; cn hnh 3 chiu dng thm trc th ba Z.
Hot hnh thng l sn phm sng to ca mt nhm, khng phi l sn phm ca c nhn.
V to hnh, cn quan tm (i) to hnh tnh; (ii) to hnh ng, vi cu trc ng; (ii) nn c
th hin tng sng tc trong to hnh, tuy mt i tnh thc ca i tng. V b cc hnh,
khng th khng nm cc qui lut hnh ho; vy nn lun lu n kin thc v (i) phi cnh; (ii)
ng chn tri; (iii) cu trc hnh. Chng hn khi v ngi phi ch v t l ca b xng, v
phi nh mt s c im ring, nh l ngi chu chn ngn hn ngi chu u.
rendering
91
XIV. SN PHM HA
Ngi ta to v s ho cc ho chun b t liu nh tnh cho vic tch hp d liu, to
sn phm a phng tin.
1. Vic s ho s chuyn cc ho sang dng im nh hai chiu, ho Bitmap, gi l
nh RASTER;
2. Cc ho c to ra s dng cc ng cong ton hc thay v dng im nh c
gi l ho vect.
Cc cch s ho nh ho gm (i) qut t my qut; (ii) nhp vo t a CD; (iii) nhp
vo t ngun khc.
92
My qut
Phn mm
v
C s d
liu nh
nh c
Cc hnh 3D;
DPI v su bit
Hnh. Tm l v to hnh
93
Hnh. Mt s b cc (i) hnh th; (ii) nh sng; (iii) hnh khi; (iv) mu sc
Lc b cc khc nhau cha cc gi tr th hin khc nhau. Lc ch T ngc cho
thy xu th, khuynh hng i ln; lc ch U cho php th hin s i xng, yn n; lc
hnh thp th hin s vng chi, yn tm; lc ch L gi s bt i xng, ht vo su, gn vi
s chuyn ng; lc ng cho gc to nn ci tnh c, c tnh ng; v lc i xng bn
pha coi trng nn ca hnh, cc i tng to thnh tia.
Hnh. Mt s lc b cc (i) ch T ngc; (ii) ch U; (iii) hnh thp; (iv) ch L; (v) cho
gc; (vi) i xng cc pha.
XV. TCH HP
XV.1. Cc cng c lp trnh
Vic thu thp d liu a phng tin thuc v cc pha u ca qu trnh sn xut a phng tin.
Cc yu t sn xut v cng c thu thp d liu a phng tin (i) tu theo cc la chn
cng c phn cng v phn mm v a phng tin; (ii) tu theo cc quyt nh v ngn sch c
th; (iii) tu theo phm vi ca n, nng lc ca cn b.
C nhiu phn mm cho php tch hp d liu. Ngi ta khuyn co s dng phn mm
Premiere ca hng Adobe. Tuy nhin vi phn mm thu thp d liu video, ngi ta c th tch
hp sn phm a phng tin.
94
XV.2. Cc giai on
Trc khi tch hp d liu, to nn sn phm a phng tin, ngi ta tin hnh :
1. Thu thp d liu vn bn;
2. Thu thp d liu ho;
3. Thu thp d liu video;
4. Thu thp d liu m thanh.
My qut
Phn mm nhn
dng t ng
Phn mm
x l vn bn
Cc file vn
bn
file c
95
Hnh. Phn mm Adobe Premiere cho php tch hp d liu a phng tin
96
Phn mm Adobe Premiere cho php (i) to phim s ho trn my tnh; (ii) to file, ghi v
xem file chng trnh video; (iii) c th ghi li dng bng video, file MPEG, file GIF. Phn
mm ny c nhiu phn mm nh tr gip sn xut sn phm cui cng di cc dng nn
khc nhau.
Cng vic tch hp d liu a phng tin cn quan tm n mt s kha cnh sau :
1. Xc nh vai tr ca ngi qun tr
C c ch gim st s pht trin v lp trnh, nht l khi khng hiu nhau gia
lp trnh vin v khch hng;
XVI. BN QUYN, S HU TR TU
Bn quyn p dng cho nhiu lnh vc vn ho, khoa hc, tr tu
C c quan chng nhn bn quyn s hu tr tu, v c quan php lut gii quyt cc tranh
chp v quyn s hu tr tu i vi sn phm.
Vi phm quyn tc gi c m t vi qui nh cht ch. Ngay vic trch dn, trnh din li,
khi cha c ng ca tc gi, cng b coi l vi phm quyn tc gi.
97
XVII. TH NGHIM
XVII.1. a phng tin v th nghim
Vic th sn phm a phng tin l cn thit, bi l :
Vic th nghim sn phm a phng tin cn tin hnh theo tng kha cnh th :
Th v khi nim;
Th tnh s dng c
XVII.3. Chin lc th
Ngi ta thc hin
1. xc nh mc ch ca qu trnh th sn phm;
2. ln k hoch, gm cc giai on th;
3. c chin lc th nghim. Vic th sn phm c th thng qua (i) phn mm th
98
XVIII. LM T LIU
XVIII.1. Cn thit ca t liu
Vic lm t liu p ng (i) ti liu nghim thu n; (ii) kt qu n dng vn bn.
Trong t liu n cn c :
Cc bo co di dng vn bn v kt qu n;
Kch bn v cc ti sn ca n;
T liu c chun b khng phi cui k thc hin n a phng tin, m ngay t khi
chun b, bt u n. Cc nh chp v nhn s tham gia n, hot ng ca n cn c
lu ngay t u. Ngoi ra, cn b lm t liu lun lun ngh n cc t liu dng trong nghim
thu, kt thc n.
XVIII.2. Kt thc n
n a phng tin kt thc vi cc t liu v :
99
php nh gi c (i) cht lng ngh thut ca sn phm a phng tin; (ii) mc p ng
mc tiu v ni dung m n nu ra; (iii) kh nng kt thc hp ng sn xut sn phm a
phng tin.
V my chiu th hin sn phm a phng tin, c bit dng cho cng tc o to,
ngi ta a ra mt s mu sau :
S dng mt my chiu, hay hai my chiu gn trn trn cao, chiu xung bng hay chiu
ln tng i din;
mn chiu
mn chiu 1
mn chiu 2
mn chiu
bn
100
Dch v tip th sn phm. Lu vic tip th phi c thc hin i vi ngi dng
hin ti;
Nn pht trin
sn phm
C ch bo tr
Chnh tr
Kinh t
X hi
Vn ho
Lut php
Thng tin
Cng ngh
Xc nh
cc nhu cu
Tiu ch v
khch hng
Ngi cung cp
sn phm
p ng nhu cu
101
thy l do khin cho vic tip th tr nn quan trng, ngi ta lu mt s kha cnh v
(i) tip th v phng tin tip th mi; (ii) xc nh ngi tiu dng sn phm a phng tin ca
n.
Hiu bit v cnh tranh s gip ngi ta :
Hiu v th trng;
Phng tin truyn b cng cng nh truyn thanh, truyn hnh, trin lm, hi
ngh...;
Cc tr chi video.
iu kin phn phi sn phm a phng tin l thuc nhiu vo h tng thit b cng ngh
thng tin, tc cc my tnh v h thng iu hnh my tnh; cc tiu ch la chn v nn th hin
a phng tin; mng my tnh v mng truyn thng. Mt kha cnh khc l s thay i i
102
TM TT CHNG
Phn chnh ca qun tr n a phng tin l qu trnh sn xut sn phm a phng
tin, theo cc bc, t phn tch thc t, n in sn phm ra a CD-ROM.
Mt s kha cnh khc nh (i) bn quyn s hu tr tu; (ii) qun l n; (iii) cc thit b
trong n a phng tin... khng phi khng quan trng, m c tc ng ln n qu trnh sn
xut sn phm a phng tin.
Cc d liu a phng tin (i) vn bn; (ii) m thanh; v (iv) hnh ng, video l d liu
chnh cho qu trnh sn xut a phng tin. Vic chun b cc d liu ny l kha cnh khng th
khng tp trung u t, cn c k nng. Mt s thc hnh v to d liu a phng tin thng qua
(i) s dng cc thit b thu thp d liu, nh my nh, my quay video, my qut...; (ii) s dng
phn mm a phng tin, nh phn mm v, phn mm to hnh ng, l hot ng h tr cho
ni dung trnh by trong cc chng.
Vic dng sn phm a phng tin, hay tch hp cc d liu a phng tin cn c thc
hin trn my dng, hay phn mm cho php dng, tch hp thu c sn phm cui cng.
Chng 2 cp mt s kha cnh qun l n a phng tin :
103
Vic thu thp d liu a phng tin v tch hp d liu a phng tin;
Qung co, tip th sn phm a phng tin, vfa cc hnh thc phn phi sn phm a
phng tin;
104
Cu hi 12.
Phn bit tip th sn phm a phng tin vi sn phm tin hc thng thng ?
Cu hi 13.
B cc hnh nh, vn bn trn giao din ngi-my c mt s loi chnh no ?
Cu hi 14.
Ngi ta to hnh i tng 3 D theo m hnh no ?
Cu hi 15.
Mt s yu cu t ra i vi phng thu m, m bo cht lng m thanh trong sn
phm a phng tin ?
Cu hi 16.
Th nghim v nh gi sn phm a phng tin c nhng lu g ?
Cu hi 17.
Khi lm t liu v n a phng tin, cn c m t cc kha cnh no ?
Tay Vaughan
Multimedia. Making it work, Osborne MacGrawHill Ed., 1998
105
CHNG 3
THC HNH A PHNG TIN
GII THIU
Yu cu ca chng thc hnh l :
T thit k mt n a phng tin. Do vy cng vic phi trin khai l :
Hnh;
Mu sc;
Mt s k so ha;
Cc th nghim c th hin trong Paintshop Pro.
CC BI THC HNH
Bi tp 1.
Chn HELP bit thng tin v phn mm ny
106
Bi tp 2. Chn trang v mi
Ngi dng thay i cc thng s v tranh kt qu
Nn v;
Ca s LAYER (cc lp v khc nhau...);
Cc chc nng iu khin.
107
Bi tp 3. Lm vic vi bt v
1. Chn dng bt (bt ch, bt v, bt mc...);
2. Chn u bt (u trn, u bt...);
3. Chn mu v (trn bng mu k bn);
4. V th
Bi tp 4. Lp
Chn lp (tng) ca bn v. Chn thc n LAYER
108
Bi tp 5. ZOOM
Bi tp 6. ct
Ct ly mt phn tranh v
S dng cng c ct hnh;
Chn vng (hnh ch nht) trn hnh v, bng cch va n va di chut;
109
Bi tp 7. nh du
nh du vng lm vic. Lu rng khi chn mt vng, cc chc nng v, thay i mu...
ch tc ng ln cc i tng nm trong vng c nh du.
C hai cch chn hnh dng vng c nh du :
(i)
(ii)
110
Bi tp 8. Di chuyn
Di chuyn vng nh du. Trc tin nh du vng, sau dng cng c di chuyn, va
n va di chuyn.
Bi tp 9. Sao chp
111
Bi tp 11. Dn hnh mu
Dn mt s hnh mu vo tranh :
112
Bi tp 12. Ty xa
S dng hn ty. Lu ty theo mu nn, khng theo mu la chn trong thanh mu sc.
Bi tp 14. Nhiu lp
Lm vic vi nhiu lp trn cng mt bc tranh. Quan st s khc nhau ca vic ty xa
hnh v trn cc lp khc nhau.
114
Bi tp 15. V ng
115
Bi tp 17. Ch v trn nn
Ngi ta c th v trn hnh v, vi iu kin nt v ch tc ng n nn cha c v, tc
hnh v khng nt v mi xa, ln...
Bi tp 19. Chn mu
Mu bt v, mu t... c th c chn trc tip trn bng mu. Tuy
nhin chn bng cng c cho php la c mu trc tip trn hnh v,
cho php mu sc thay i u
Bi tp 20. To hnh v mu
116
Bi tp 22. X l nh
1. Nhiu chc nng x l nh c nu trong thc n IMAGE.
2. V mt hnh, t tn l HINH_VE, nh thc n FILE/ SAVE;
3. Thay i hnh v bng cc chc nng soi gng (MIRROR), lt ngc (FLIP), hay
xoay (ROTATION) vi gc xoay xc nh trong ca s;
4. X l ch mt phn ca hnh v, bng cch chn trc, nh du mt vng hnh v;
117
FLIP
MIRROR
ROTATION
118
X l mt phn ca hnh v
119
1. M hai hnh v;
2. Chn chc nng x l ton hc; thu c hnh v mi;
3. Chn hnh v mi (nhy chut), ngi ta s thy cc thng s ca hnh v mi : cc
lp...
4. Hnh v tch hp t hai hnh v c chn.
120
Bi tp 26. Hn ch nh
Bi tp 28. Mu sc hnh v
v.
123
m s mu m hnh v dng
124
Bi tp 29. Tch mu
Bi tp 30. To nh ng
1. Mt phn mm cng vi PaintShopPRO l ANIMATION SHOP cho php to hnh
ng.
2. Hnh ng l xu cc khung hnh (FRAME). Mi khung hnh c phn mm v
to nn; tc mt hnh ng gm nhiu nh tnh;
3. Hnh ng trong phn mm ny c to ra phc v cho trang WEB;
4. Khi khi ng phn mm ANIMATION SHOP, trong thc n FILE ca phn
125
126
127
Sa khung th hai
Tng t, to ra 10 khung
Bi tp 33. Chuyn ng
kim tra cc khung ri chnh l, ngi ta c th xem s chuyn ng bng thc n
128
Ra
129
CU HI V BI TP
Cu hi 1.
V hnh kn, tp t mu trong Paintshop Pro
Cu hi 2.
Dng k so ha thay i hnh, lm mo hnh, thay i khun th hin hnh, trong
Paintshop Pro
Cu hi 3.
S dng k so thay i mu sc, lc mu theo cc yu t hi ha khc nhau, trong
Paintshop Pro
Cu hi 4.
Chia nhm 5 ngi lm bi tp, s dng Paintshop Pro v Animation Shop, v hnh
ng. Kch bn :
Ngi th diu,
Cu hi 5.
Chia nhm 5 ngi lm bi tp, s dng Paintshop Pro v Animation Shop, v hnh
130
ng. Kch bn :
n bm bm bay, u vo hoa.
Cu hi 6.
Chia nhm 5 ngi lm bi tp, s dng Paintshop Pro v Animation Shop, v hnh
ng. Kch bn :
Cu hi 7.
Chia nhm 5 ngi lm bi tp, s dng Paintshop Pro v Animation Shop, v hnh
ng. Kch bn :
Cu hi 8.
Chia nhm 5 ngi lm bi tp, s dng Paintshop Pro v Animation Shop, v hnh
ng. Kch bn :
http://www.adobe.com/products/director/
http://www.adobe.com/shockwave/download
http://www.corel.com/servlet/Satellite/us/en/Product
http://www.paintshoppro.com
131
Tay Vaughan
Multimedia. Making it work, Osborne MacGrawHill Ed., 1998
http://www.adobe.com/products/director/
http://www.adobe.com/shockwave/download
http://www.corel.com/servlet/Satellite/us/en/Product
http://www.paintshoppro.com
http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/Multimedia/node1.html
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~ogden/com337/index.html
http://borkweb.com/story/an-introduction-to-multimedia
http://www.cs.fiu.edu/~chens/PDF/dms03.pdf, Qun tr a phng tin phn tn
132
MC LC
LI NI U....................................................................................................................... 1
CHNG 1 ........................................................................................................................... 3
GII THIU V QU TRNH A PHNG TIN ...................................................... 3
GII THIU .......................................................................................................................................... 3
NI DUNG............................................................................................................................................. 4
I. KHI NIM V MULTIMEDIA ................................................................................................... 4
II. HON CNH S DNG MULTIMEDIA................................................................................... 5
III. VN BN QUYN I VI CC TC PHM A PHNG TIN .............................. 7
IV. TNG QUAN V QU TRNH PHT TRIN MULTIMEDIA ............................................... 9
V. QU TRNH PHT TRIN MT SN PHM MULTIMEDIA .............................................. 10
VI. XC NH CC NT CHNH CA SN PHM A PHNG TIN ................................ 17
VII. PHA SN XUT A PHNG TIN.................................................................................... 26
VIII. CHUN B D LIU.............................................................................................................. 26
IX. HP NHT CC CNG NGH ............................................................................................... 26
X. CNG NGH H TR CHO A PHNG TIN................................................................... 42
XI. TO HNH ................................................................................................................................. 43
TM TT CHNG ......................................................................................................................... 44
CU HI V BI TP ...................................................................................................................... 44
TI LIU THAM KHO................................................................................................................... 46
CHNG 2 ......................................................................................................................... 47
QUN L A PHNG TIN........................................................................................ 47
GII THIU ........................................................................................................................................ 47
NI DUNG........................................................................................................................................... 50
I. MT VI KHI NIM ................................................................................................................ 50
II. PHM VI CA N............................................................................................................... 52
III. CC XUT .......................................................................................................................... 52
IV. RNG BUC TH NHT........................................................................................................ 54
V. IU KHON NI DUNG ........................................................................................................ 57
VI. CHN IU KIN THC HIN.............................................................................................. 59
VII. CHN PHNG TIN V CC K THUT ........................................................................ 61
VIII. THIT K GIAO DIN........................................................................................................... 65
IX. IU KHON RNG BUC TH HAI.................................................................................. 84
X. LA CHN NHM CNG TC............................................................................................... 85
XI. NGUYN TC QUN L NHM CNG TC...................................................................... 87
133
CHNG 3........................................................................................................................106
THC HNH A PHNG TIN ................................................................................106
GII THIU ......................................................................................................................................106
CC BI THC HNH ...................................................................................................................106
CU HI V BI TP ....................................................................................................................130
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................................131
134
MULTIMEDIA
M s: 412MUL340
Chu trch nhim bn tho
TRUNG TM O TO BU CHNH VIN THNG 1