Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Basic Aircom
Basic Aircom
Phn 1:
Gii thiu
Phn ny gii thiu cc c tnh ca cc h thng cell th h u, th h th hai. Ni dung phn
ny bao gm:
Mng v tuyn cell
Cc c tnh ca cc h thng cell th h u
Cc c tnh ca cc h thng cell th h th hai v cc h thng phi GSM
Cc h thng cell trn th gii v s phn b thu bao
Trang 1
Trang 2
PDC
Dng TDMA/FDMA
Dng TDMA/FDMA
Trang 3
iu ch s
Thai v d liu chuyn mch mch tc va
K thut roaming 2G
An tan trn giao din v tuyn
Da trn cc chun u th tn ti trong mng 2G nh GSM v CDMAOne
Tc d liu c tng cao
Trang 4
Phn 2:
2.1
Cc s nhn dng trong mng GSM
2.1.1 IMEI-International Mobile Equipment Identity
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) l s nhn dng thit b di ng quc t, dng
phn bit tng my TD. Khng th c hai TD cng mang mt s IMEI. Thng thng,
s IMEI do mt s t chc cung cp cho nh sn xut TD. IMEI c lu trong AuC, my,
EIR. EIR dng s ny nhn dng thit b di ng bi ly cp v ngn cm truy cp vo mng
S IMEI lun gm 15 ch s theo dng:
Trang 5
CC(Country Code) : M nc
NDC(National Destination Code):M mng
SN(Subscriber Number): S thu bao
Trang 6
Trang 7
SS
AUC
V LR
O ther
netw orks
B ase S tation S ystem
H LR
GM SC
EIR
MSC
B SS
BSC
N MC and OMC
BTS
MS
Trang 8
Nhng thit b di ng u cui dng trong mng GSM thng l class 3 v 4 i vi bng tn
900 , class 1 v 2 i vi bng tn 1800(DCS). Nhng class khc dng cho nhng thit b lp t
c nh hay lp trn xe
Trang 9
Trang
10
Trang
11
TMSI
LAI
Nhng thng s dch v cng thm
Trng thi ca thu bao(tt, bt..)
2.2.3.4AUC-Authentication Centre
AuC c kt hp vi HLR, cha kha nhn thc ca cc thu bao ng k trong
HLR
Kha ny c dng to ra:
D liu c dng nhn thc 1 MS c quyn truy nhp vo mng hay
khng
Mt kha c dng mt m thng tin trn ng v tuyn gia MS v
mng
Nhng th tc c dng cho nhn thc v m ha s c miu t y hn
chng an tan trong GSM
Trang
12
2.3
giao din gia MSC v BSS ca n. Giao din ny c dng mang thng tin lin
Qun l BSS
X l cuc gi
Qun l tnh di ng
Trang
13
2.3.6
Giao din E
y l giao din gia cc MSC. Khi 1 MS di chuyn t 1 MSC ti 1 MSC khc trong 1 cuc gi.
Mt th tc chuyn giao phi c thc hin dy tr cuc gi. V mc ch cc MSC phi
trao i d liu khi to 1 knh MSC mi v gii phng knh MSC c
Sau khi chuyn giao thnh cng cc MSC s trao i thng tin truyn bo hiu giao din A
nu cn thit. Khi 1 tin nhn c truyn gia MS v trung tm dch v nhn tin(Short Message
Service Centre-SC), giao din ny c dng truyn bn tin gia MSC phc v MS v MSC
ni vi trung tm dch v nhn tin
2.3.8
Giao din G
y l giao din gia cc VLR. Khi 1 MS di chuyn t vng phc v ca VLR ny sang vng phc
v ca VLR khc th tc cp nht v tr s xy ra. Th tc ny nhm ly li thng s IMSI v cc
thng s nhn thc t VLR c
Trang
14
Trang
15
Trang
16
Trang
17
Trang
18
Biu ph ny cho thy cch phn b bng tn 1800MHz gia cc nh khai thc
ti UK.
3.2.5 Ph PCS-1900
Trang
19
Trang
20
Trang
21
GSM s dng kt hp c 2 k thut a truy nhp FDMA v TDMA trn giao din
v tuyn: FDMA cung cp cc sng mang v TDMA chia s truy cp vo cc
sng mang.
Trang
22
Mt cm d liu (data burst) (chu k 0.577ms hay 156.25 bit) c truyn trn mt knh
vt l.
Knh lun l (knh logic)
Ty vo ni dung thng tin c truyn trn cc knh vt l m c chia thnh cc knh
logic khc nhau.
Mt knh vt l c th h tr mt hay nhiu cc knh logic
Hai loi knh logic c nh ngha: knh lu lng v knh iu khin
Mi knh c chia thnh cc knh ph nh sau:
Trang
23
Trang
24
Trang
25
Trang
26
S blocks CCCH dnh ring cho AGCH c ch nh trong bn tin thng tin
h thng m MS c trn BCCH.
Trang
27
Trang
28
Trang
29
Trang
31
Trang
32
Trang
33
Hnh 4.5: Danh mc cc ti liu tham kho cho tng nghi thc.
4.6
Trang
34
Trang
36
Thoi cha nhiu thng tin hn vn bn phin dch li t vic ni. Chng ta c
th nhn ra ngi ni, v nhn bit nhiu thng tin khng c ni thnh m thoi
Mi khi trong qui trnh lin quan cc phng php x l thng tin thai khc
nhau m bo cht lng tn hiu to li tt nht trong bng tn nh nht.
5.2.1 M ho thoi
ng truyn GSM s dng kiu iu ch s - thoi phi c chuyn thnh cc
s nh phn.
Lu m ha n gin nht l iu ch xung m (PCM)
Chu k ly mu 125s.
Ly mu vi tn s 8KHz v dng 8 bit m ha tn hiu nn tc d liu yu
cu 64Kbps.
Tc ny qu cao cho bng thng c sn trn cc knh v tuyn
Trang
37
S m ha thoi
Trang
38
Trang
39
M sa li
to li thng tin thoi, b gii m cn t l bit li khng qu 0.1%.
Cc knh v tuyn c t l li 1% hay nhiu hn th cn sa li.
M ha knh gip sa li
Hai phng php sa li:
Backward error correction (BEC)
Forward error correction (FEC)
5.3.1 Backward error correction
Trong BEC, gi s rng nu cc bit kim tra c truyn mt cch chnh xc th
cc bit d liu cng chnh xc. Nu cc bit kim tra khng n nh mong mun, h
thng yu cu truyn li.
Yu cu truyn li t ng (ARQ) khng thch hp cho thoi v thai yu cu thi
gian thc.
Cc block c kim tra ti u cui bng vic so snh FCS/BCS, nu pht hin
li yu cu b pht truyn li khi d liu.
BEC dng m ha khi.
BEC thch hp cho truyn d liu khng thch hp cho truyn thai.
5.3.2 Forward error correction
Vic m ha s thm cc bit m cho php d liu gc c to li vi mt s
nh cc li ngu nhin.
FEC khng dng c ch pht li nn ph hp cho truyn thai
Trang
40
Trang
41
B m ha trn gm 4 bit thng tin trn lung bit vo cc thanh ghi v a ra 2 a thc:
Cng modulo 2 ca d4+d3+1 cho ra bit G0
Cng modulo 2 ca d4+d3+d1+1 cho ra bit G
2 bit ny c a n ng ra. Cc bit c lu trong cc thanh ghi c chuyn n thay th
ngay v bit thng tin k tip c a vo. Qu trnh trn c lp li.
Kt qu 2 bit c to ra cho mi bit thng tin c a vo b m ha. Cc bit ny khng l d
liu gc nhng gn ging d liu gc. V vy, m chp khng th pht hin li, n gin n to li
d liu bng vic dng cc thng tin c lu trong cc bit truyn.
5.4 M knh
GSM dng kt hp 2 phng php m khi v m chp. u tin, cc bit thng tin
c m khi, to ra cc khi thng tin, mi khi lin kt vi BCS (block check
sequence). Tt c cc bit m khi (gm c BCS) c chuyn qua b m chp
a ra cc bit m cui cng.
M knh TCH/F trong GSM
Trang
42
Trang
43
Ngoi ra, tnh nng ca cc thut ton sa li hiu qu nht khi cc li c ngu
nhin. V vy, kh nng sa tt c cc li c phn b trn mi knh s cao hn so
vi kh nng sa tt c cc li tp trung trn 1 knh trong trng hp khng ghp
xen.
5.5.3 Thc hin ghp xen trong GSM
GSM thc hin ghp xen gim nh hng ca nhiu cm trn giao din v
tuyn. Ghp xen xy ra sau khi m ha knh nhng trc khi chuyn cc lung bit
m ha vo cc cm d liu.
Mc ghp xen dng trong GSM ph thuc vo lu lng sng mang. Khi
block 456 bit d liu c truyn qua:
8 TS cho thoi full rate
4 TS cho hu ht cc knh iu khin
19 TS cho truyn d liu
Mi TS tng ng vi mt cm d liu trn giao din v tuyn.
5.5.4 Ghp cm v tuyn
5.5.4.1 Nguyn l ghp cm v tuyn
D liu c truyn thnh cc block trn giao din v tuyn. Mi block c
xem nh 1 cm. 1 cm p ng 1 TS trong 1 khung TDMA 8 TS.
Ty thuc vo chc nng ca cm, GSM nh ngha mt s loi cm. Tuy
nhin, tt c u c kch thc 156.25 bit trong khong thi gian 0.577ms
Trang
44
Cm ng b (Synchronisation burst)
Cm hu chnh tn s (Frequency correction burst)
Cm truy nhp (Access burst)
Cm gi (Dummy burst)
Normal burst
Normal burst l loi burst ph bin nht v c dng thng xuyn mang d
liu ngi dng nh thoi qua knh lu lng (TCH) v cho cc knh iu khin
khc ngoi cc knh FCCH, SCH, RACH. Kch thc burst thng tin l 148bit (8.25
bit bo v). Cm bao gm cc thnh phn:
Trang
45
Block data: burst bao gm 2 block data 57 bit (2x57). Cc block ny (k c cc bit
nh cp) c m ha
Tail Bit: burst bao gm 2 block tail bit 3 bit (2x3). Cc block ny lun thit lp
0,0,0. Mc ch l h tr cc b cn bng xc nh u/cui mu bit.
Training bit: Mi burst cha chui hng dn 26 bit. Chui ny c dng bi b
cn bng b vo thi gian thay i trn knh.
Stealing flag bit : Mi burst cha 2 bit nh cp, mi bit lin kt vi mi block
thoi/d liu. 1 stealing bit c thit lp ln 1 khi block d liu m n lin kt b
FACCH nh cp s dng.
Guard period: 8.25 bit bo v khng mang thng tin, cho php khong thi gian
trng gia cc TS lin tc ngn nhiu gia cc TS. Khong bo v cng cho
php thi gian b pht dch ln hay dch xung.
Frequency correction burst
Trang
46
nh dng ca dummy burst ging nh normal burst. Tuy nhin n khng mang
thng tin. N thng c pht bi BTS trn cc TS ca sng mang BCH khi khng
c thng tin no khc c gi cc cell neighbor vn thc hn o cng sut.
Access burst
Trang
47
Phn 6: Qun l di ng MM
6.1 Gii thiu
MM (mobility management) l phn lp trong nghi thc bo hiu gia MS v
MSC. Cc thng tin MM c trung chuyn thng qua BSS. MM thc hin cc chc
nng iu khin cn thit cho thu bao di ng: nhn thc, cp pht TMSI, qun l v
tr thu bao,..
6.2 Cc qu trnh qun l di ng (MM)
6.2.1 MM common procedures
MM common procedure cung cp cc thng tin nhn dng thu bao. Qu trnh
MM thng thng c th bt u khi cc kt ni v ti nguyn v tuyn (RR)
tn ti. Nhm common procedure li c th chia thnh 2 nhm:
Qu trnh do MS khi ng
Qu trnh do mng khi ng
Cc qu trnh MM do mng:
Qu trnh cp pht li TMSI: cung cp s nhn dng tm thi nhm bo mt
cc thng tin nhn dng v v tr ca thu bao. Mng thc hin qu trnh
ny khi MS thay i LA, cp nht v tr theo nh k.
Qu trnh nhn thc (authentication): mng kim tra tnh hp l ca thu
bao v cung cp cc thng s cho php MS tnh li ciphering key mi.
Qu trnh nhn dng (identification): yu cu MS cung cp thng tin nhn
dng cho mng nh IMSI, IMEI,
Qu trnh abort: mng hy cc kt ni MM hoc ang thit lp. Qu
trnh abort ch thc thi c khi kt ni MM ang thit lp hay thit
lp, khng thc thi c trong qu trnh MM specific hay IMSI detach.
Qu trnh IMSI detach (ri mng) l qu trnh MM thng thng do MS khi
ng tt my. Qu trnh IMSI detach khng th khi ng c khi qu trnh MM
specific ang chy. Qu trnh ny c th hon li cho n khi MM specific kt thc
nu khng th IMSI detach b b qua.
6.2.2 MM-specific procedures
Qu trnh MM-specific h tr cho tnh di ng ca thu bao, v d nh cung cp
cho mng v v tr hin ti ca thu bao. Mt qu trnh MM-specific khng th bt
Trang
48
Trang
49
Trang
50
Trang
51
Trang
52
Trang
53
Trang
54
Gii phng kt ni RR
c bt u ch bi mng
Cc l do bao gm:
Trang
55
PENALTY_TIME
Khi MS t cell vo danh sch sng mang mnh nht (neighbor list), n bt u
b m m kt thc sau PENALTY_TIME. B m ny s c reset khi cell ra
khi danh sch. Sut thi gian PENALTY_TIME ca b nh thi, C2 c cho
gi tr offset m, iu ny c khuynh hng ngn MS ang di chuyn nhanh khi
chn cell.
Trang
57
Trang
58
Trang
59
(2)
(3)
Trang
60
(5)
MSC nhn bn tin setup t MS. Thng tin bao gm: loi dch v m MS
mun s dng, s b gi. MSC kim tra xem MS c b chn chiu gi ra hay
khng. Nh khai thc mng hay MS u c kh nng chn cui gi. Nu MS
khng b chn, qu trnh setup tip tc.
(6)
Link gia MSC v BSC c kt ni, mt PCM timeslot b chim gi. MSC
yu cu BSC cp pht knh TCH. Nu cn knh TCH ri, BSC BSC cp
knh v yu cu BTS kch hot knh. Sau khi kch hot thnh cng, BTS
thng bo cho BSC. BSC ra lnh cho MS chuyn sang knh TCH. Qu trnh
cp pht knh hon tt, BSC thng bo cho MSC. MSC phn tch s v thit
lp kt ni ti thu bao bi gi.
(7)
Trang
61
Trang
62
Trang
63
Trang
64
Phn 9:
GSM SECURITY
Trang
65
9.4
Trang
66
Khi MS nhn bn tin nhn thc n tnh SRES v Kc, ct Kc cng vi CKSN trong SIM. Ln sau
khi MS mun truy cp h thng, n gi CKSN trong bn tin SERVICE REQUEST tin hnh tin trnh
mt m m khng cn nhn thc
Th tc mt m chung
Trang
67
9.5
Mt m thng tin bo hiu cung cp s bo mt i vi cc nhn dng ngi dng trn giao din
v tuyn
Mt m c dng trn cc trng ca cc bn tin bo hiu c trao i gia MS v cc BTS.
Cc yu t thng tin bo hiu sau lin quan n ngi dng c bo v bt c khi no c dng sau
khi thit lp kt ni ban u:
IMEI
IMSI
S thu bao gi
S thu bao b goi
Ch rng nhng thng tin bo hiu(loi bn tin,cc nhn dng MS IMSI,TMSI) khng c
bo v khi khi to kt ni
Khng cung cp mt m t u cui n u cui
Trang
68