Application Layer

The application layer enables the user, whether human

or software, to access the network. It provides user
interfaces and support for services such as electronic
mail(SMTP), file access and transfer(FTP), access to
system resources, surfing the world wide web(HTTP),
and network management(SNMP).
The application layer is responsible for providing
services to the user.

Protocol Layer wise

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the

standard protocol provided by TCP/IP
for copying a file from one host to
another.
FTP operates
in
a
client/server
environment ,meaning that the remote
machine is configured as a server, and
consequently waits for other machine
(client) to request a service from it.
26.3

FTP

Control
connection

Data
connection

26.4

Two Connections(Control and Data)

The two connections in FTP have different lifetimes. The
control connection remains connected during the entire
interactive FTP session.
The data connection is opened and then closed for each file
transfer activity. It opens each time commands that involve
transferring files are used, and it closes when the file is
transferred.

26.5

Some FTP commands

26.19

Some responses in FTP

26.20

Initial
Connection
Establishment

Version
information

User Log in

Change
Directory
command

Passive
Listening
request

Request to
share the
Directory list

Data
Connection
Establishment

Directory List

File Request
from client

Data
Connection
Establishment