m Thanh s l g ?

m thanh c ghi trn a CD v nh dng file m thanh WAV c s dng chun

nh dng pulse-code modulation (PCM) (tm dch l iu bin nhp, ngha l trong
analog ta thy 1 tn s sine din t m thanh, nhng trong k thut s ta khng th c
sng sine m ngi ta s dng nhng "nhp p" cao thp khc nhau 1 cch lin tc
din t cn ng nht hnh dng sng sine") . y l nhng tn hiu m thanh gc v
hon ton khng c nn.
Theo chun PCM, mi giy m thanh c ly mu vi tn s ly mu 44.1KHz, v mi
mu c din t bi 16 bit d liu. C ngha l trong 1 pht nhc/m thanh ta c:

44100 t ly mu
X
2 knh tri phi
X
2 bytes (16 bit = 2 bytes)
X
60 giy
= 10.584.000 bytes
= 10.1 Mb

Nh ta bit, 1 CD thng c dung lng l 750Mb, hoc lu c 74 pht nhc, v

th nu bn nhn con s 10Mb ca mi pht nhc cho 74 bn s thy r ti sao CD n
li nh vy :)
Nh vy tm li, 1 giy ca m thanh gc s c bitrate l 1411kbps <- xin bn ch s
ny

MP3,WMA,... - lossy compression (nn mt d liu) - Angel

or Devil ?
Vi s pht trin ca PC v internet, nhu cu chia s thng tin v nhc cng ngy cng
c i hi cao. Nhng ngi ta khng th no gi c album nhc n 700Mb qua
internet vi tc o ut 56kps thi y uoc. Do cc nhm nghin cu, cc t
chc, v nhiu cng ty khc nhau c gng tm ra nhng nh dng m thanh mi s
dng nhng thut ton ring nhm gim bit dung lng d liu cn din t m
thanh gc cng lc c gng gi cho m thanh gn vi m thanh gc nht.
C rt nhiu nh dng khc nhau ra i nh mp3, wma, aac, ogg, mpc, atrac, ...
Chng hot ng gn ging nhau nhng mi nh dng c 1 thut ton khc nhau xc
nh xem gi li mu m thanh no, b mu m thanh no , hoc iu chnh mu m
thanh th no. Th th ti sao li c th b, hoc gi ? V theo l thuyt tai con ngi
s rt kh nhn ra s hin din ca 1 tn s m thanh nht nh no (c th l qu
20Khz). Vic b i 1 phn d liu m thanh ny gip cho cc nh dng m thanh mt
d liu nh Mp3 c th gim d liu cn thit din t 1 ln ly mu (s t hn rt

nhiu so vi 16bit cho 44100 ln 1 giy nh ca m thanh gc).

Ngoi ra cc nh dng m thanh ny cn to ra nhng m thanh gi nhm p vo
nhng phn n loi b, iu ny l thc s khng th chp nhn c, n to ra nhng
m thanh ta hay gi l "o o" hoc vang hoc mo hn so vi m chun, /v nhng file
c nn vi bitrate cng thp th hin tng ny xy ra cng nhiu (v d in hnh nht: bn hy
nghe th 1 on khn gi v tay ca 1 file mp3 v 1 track trong
ngay lp tc nhn ra. V sao ting v tay li gy ra nhiu vn
ngu nhin, nu trong m thanh chun gc n s c din ta y
phi "p" bitrate ca mnh vo khong cho php do n to ra
bit hoc b hiu ng vang).

CD gc hoc 1 file nn khng mt d liu (lossless) s

nh vy ? Bi v ting v tay l 1 m thanh hn hp
, th nhng vi m thanh nn, nh dng nn buc
nhng m thanh v tay u u nhau rt t s khc

Chng ta thng thy rng Mp3 hay c nn vi bitrate l 128, hoc 192, hoac 320
kilobit 1 giy (kbps) . Bn c th nhn thy rng n ch bng 1/10 so vi biterate ca
WAV (1411kbps) l l do ti sao 1 pht nhc mp3 128kbps ch tn khong 1Mb.
ng l trong 1 s trng hp nht nh, hoc 1 dng m thanh/nhc no , s rt kh
phn bit s khc nhau gia m thanh gc v mp3. Bn cnh cc thut ton nn ca
cc nh nhc mt d liu c ci thin rt nhiu. Th nhng khng c g hon ho,
v chc chn ci g mt i th s lm cho n hng i. c bit l m thanh. i vi
nhng album nhc nh vocal, nhc c , hay c bit l c in th y l 1 tai ha, v vi
nhng album nhc ny, thng nhng nhc c c s dng hoc ging ht c tn s
m thanh rt cao hay rt trm do rt nhiu d liu b loi b hoc iu chnh khc
i so vi thc t.
Mp3, m thanh nn, nhiu ngi cho rng ch thch hp vi nhc pop hoc cc dng nhc
bnh thng khc.
Chng ta cng xem 2 tm hnh sau, n th hi
n quang ph m thanh ca cng 1 bi
nhc nhng ci u c nn mp3, ci th 2 l nn lossless FLAC. Ta c th nh
n thy r
s khc bi
t .... heheh chp nh
n c hay ko th ty bn ... nhng tdev th ko.

Lossless Compression
ng ?

(Nn khng mt d liu)

- Thin

Trong cng vic hng ngy vi my tnh, hn khng t ln bn nn 1 file ti liu gi

cho ng nghip. C th bn s dng Zip hoc Rar lm nh dng nn.
File ti liu c bn nn sau khi qua Zip hoac Rar s tr nn nh hn rt nhiu nhng khi
ngi nhn nhn c file, h s gii nn v c c file ti liu gc m bn to. Vy
Zip va Rar lm g ? Ni n gin, l nhng thut ton nhm tm ra nhng quy lut
lp ca d liu t tm 1 cch hin th khc ti u hn, tn t d liu hn. (v d ta c
chui: aaaaa bbbbbbb aaa 11111 , bn thy rng cch din gii tt hn nhiu m tn t
ch hn l ax5 bx7 ax3 1x5). y l 1 v d rt n gin bn hiu, cn th n phc
tp hn rt nhiu :) . Nh vy khi ngi nhn nhn file v gii nn , Zip v Rar ng
nhim v s dng nhng chui d liu nn y tp hp v to li file gc ban u.
cng l mc ch ca nh dng m thanh nn khng mt d liu (lossess). Vi cu
trc trn ca zip hoc rar th bn c th thy r rng /v lossless audio, n ly u vo
l m thanh gc ca CD, c gng tm ra nhng quy lut m thanh v nn n li. Vic nn
li ny l khng cao v d liu m thanh rt a dng v s dng nhiu d liu. Hin ti
mc nn cao nht c th ca k thut nn khng mt d liu l bng khong 1/3
dung lng gc ca m thanh gc. Do mi album lossless s c dung lng khong
200 n 300 Mb.

Khi gii nn hoc khi nghe lossless iu chc chn ta t c chnh l tn hiu gc
ca m thanh CD (44.1Khz, 16bit, 1411Kbps) . iu ny l cu nhn cho mi ngi yu
m nhc lun i hi m thanh trung thc nhng khng c iu kin c CD gc hoc
mun s dng my tnh lm ni lu tr albums.
Vic nn, nghe v ghi album vi nh dng m thanh khng mt d liu tdev cp
nhiu trong topic ny, mong bn tm c thm.

Hot ng ca vic ghi CD nhc:

Nh cp, nh dng m thanh ca CD l PCM 1411kbps. V u vo ca n cng
phi nh dng PCM 1411kbps. Do khi ta ghi 1 CD nhc vic u tin ca 1 trnh ghi
a l n phi convert (chuyn) bt k nh dng cho vo ra WAV , bt k n l mp3 hay
ape, lossy hay lossless. l l do v sao m ngoi mp3 thng c h tr sn, /v cc
nh dng m thanh khc ta phi cn plugin cho trnh ghi a i c th ghi c.
Nh th bt k nh dng nhp vo l g trc khi ghi ra a ta s c 1 d liu m thanh
nh dng WAV, m WAV th lun l PCM 1411kbps. Cho nn d d liu vo "xu" hay
"p" n cng s c cho mc 1 ci o c dt bi 1411 k si ghi ra CD. Ti sao cng
1 album, ta c 2 nh dng mp3 v ape , mp3 ch 50Mb, ape n 200Mb m ghi ra a
vn y, vn cng ngn y pht nhc ? :) bn c cu tr li ti sao.

Hot ng ca vic nn CD nhc:

Nh vy sau khi ghi ra CD 1 r d liu "xu" y, nu bn s dng n c trong my
s vn thy rng bitrate ca n l 1411kbps . Tip theo nu bn s dng software rip
CD ny v xc nh bitrate l 320 hay cao hn i na th n s vn thc hin cng vic
nn 1411kbps d liu "xu" y tr thnh 320. Nhng cng phi ni thm rng d nn
320kbps nhng liu "xu" ca bn s cng tr nn xu hn v chnh trong lc nn
320kbps, n s tiep tc b mt tip d liu . xu li cng xu :D. Vy theo l thuyt
bi trc, gi nguyn "xu" gc bn ch c cch nn nh dng lossless khng
mt d liu ... "xu".
Phn ln, hay ko mun ni l tt c nhng a nhc copy (c nhc Viet ln nhc ngoi)
m ta thy ngoi tim u l ghi ra a vi ngun l mp3 trong my tnh. Bn c rip vi
bt k nh dng no th cht lng vn l hng ph phm, khng ni g cht lng CD,
m cht lng m thanh khng th no bng a gc.
Vy vi lossless n s th no ? Cng vn th, nhng khi ape c trnh ghi a gii nn
ra wav ta s c li d liu p ban u 1411kbps, to ra 1 a CD chun 1411kbps,
ri ta li rip lossless, ri li ghi ra . Cho d bao nhiu ln i na th d liu vn (c th)
c gi nguyn. tdev ni c th l v n cn ph thuc nhiu vo cht lng CD, cht
lng u c , 2 th y c m bo c cho s an ton, hon chnh ca d liu khi
ghi v c hay khng. V th m ngi ta lun ni l vi CD th phi l TDK, a th
phi l Plextor , hn na khi ghi hay c th ch tc 1x , vng 1x , nh th mi gim
thiu ti a s li c ghi.
Cng ngh ghi a v loi a c s dng l rt quan trng do a hiu mi t nh
vy. Ngoi ra cn c loi a dnh cho dn audiophile nh a vng, a thy tinh.
Cng ngh th c XRCD, DCC, Chesky, MFSL ,... rt rt nhiu . S khc nhau ca h l
cch thc x l tn hiu gc t n hon chnh, sau s dng cng ngh my mc
c ft trin ring ghi ln a c hiu, my ghi a lun m bo rng khng c li
xy ra, d liu khng bi nhiu, v khi ghi ln b mt a t c hiu qu ti u.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hehe , ngoi ra tdev c 2 v d th ny cho bn d tng tng.

1. Chng hn bn c 1k go thm v bn nu cm. Khi cm chn mnh n s rt ngon
nhng nu cm ko n ht fi kh i ri li vo nu li th chc chn l khng bao gi ra
cm ch ko ni g l cm ngon nh lc u :D

2. K thut hn 1 to v lin quan n vi tnh. Chng hn bn c 1 my chp hnh s 5

Megapixels. Bn chp vi bn gi 1 tm tuyt p v in ra nh giy. Chng may tm nh
trong PC b xa, bn c scan tm nh giy vo my vi phn gin ln n 300dpi
48bit, hay cao hn na nhng chc chn l khng bao gi c p nh tm gc ban
u . Hn na nu bn khng save nh TIF hay PSD (lossless) m save dng JPG
(lossy) th mi vic cn tr nn t hn.

Nn nhc vi nh dng Lossless (khong mt d liu)

Ta s cn 2 software sau:
- Exact Audio Copy (EAC) , fn mm tiu chun rip nhac. EAC l fn mm tt nht
m bo cht lng nhac chp vo l ging vi CD nht (exact) .
Download EAC ti:
http://download.digital-world.de/public/EAC/eac-0.95b4-cdrdao.exe
- Monkey Audio Compressor , m ca APE. d liu chp vo chun s l wav (nh
CD) sau MAC c gi nn li thnh APE
Download MAC:
http://www.monkeysaudio.com/files/MAC_401b2.exe
- Hoc bn c th s dng FLAC thay cho APE, i vi cc album qu him bn nn dng
FLAC th d liu s an ton hn trong trng hp file b li (ni chung y ch l l thuyt,
la chn APE hay FLAC c l ch l s thch tng ngi :) )
Download FLAC:
http://cyberial.com/flacinstaller.asp

Thit lp cc ty chn trong EAC

Sau khi install chng ta bt u qu trnh thit lp (config) EAC c th copy nhc 1
cch tt nht. Chng ta s ch chu kh config 1 ln thi, sau ny khi thit lp xong
bn ch cn thc hin cc bc copy, khong cn thit lp na.
u tin bn cho 1 a CD nhc tt vo . Sau chy EAC, 1 trnh hng dn thit
lp s m ra gip bn thit lp nhng thong tin c bn.
EAC s tm v hin ra danh sch cc a CD bn ang c. bn hy nhn Next.
Ti khung k tip EAC s c t ng thit lp a, n s hi bn mun cht lng tt

hay tc , hy chn "I prefer to have accurate results" nh trong hnh di.

Sau khi nhn Next EAC s cho bn 1 s thng s, nhng bn hy chn "I don''t trust
these values,...." nh hnh di, ta s buc EAC kim tra a

Nhn Next va EAC bt u kim tra, di y l kt qua mu:

Tu thuc vo s a m bn c, EAC c th s thc hin nhiu ln cho nhiu tm

ra tt nht. (nhng ng tin s so snh ca EAC gia cc , hy la chn theo hiu,
chng hn theo th t l Plextor, LiteOn, LG, ...)
Sau khi viec kim tra a hon ty, bc k EAC s hi c cn install LAME khng, bn
hy b chn tu chn ny, chng ta khng cn LAME.

Next next 1 2 ln na ca s cui s hi bn c mun s dng ht nhng chc nng

nng cao ca EAC hay ko, hy chn c ( I am an expert ... )

Bc thit lp u cho EAC hon tt. K tip ta s thit lp thm 1 s thiet lp

na cho EAC, bn hy vo menu EAC chn EAC options. Ti Tab u tin Extraction ,
bn hy thit lp ging hnh sau (check 2 ci, v chn Error recevery quality l high )

Tip theo vo menu EAC chn Drive options. Ti Tab u tin Extraction Method
bn nht thit phi chn *Secure Mode* v b chn "Drive is capable of retreiving
C2 error info"

K n bn chuyn qua tab Gap Detection, hy chn Secure trong hp chn

Detection Accuracy. Sau nhn OK ng hp thoi.
Cui cng bn vao menu EAC, chn Compression Options, bn hy chuyn qua tab
External Compression v thit lp chnh xc nh sau.
Vi APE:

- check Use external

- Parameter pasing scheme: Monkey''s audio lossless
- Program path browse n file Mac.exe
- Additional command .... nhp vo: -c3000 (tr c ba ngn nh (ko co dau : ) )
- nhng tu chn cn li c gi nguyn nh trong hnh. (v khng nh hng n vic
nn)
Cn nu bn mun s dng FLAC th lm theo hnh sau

Chn User defined encoder

Use file extension: .flac
Program path, tr n file flac.exe
Additional command .... nhp vo: -5 %s
nhng tu chn cn li c th nguyn (khng nh hng n vic nn)

Vy l bn hon thnh vic thit lp cho EAC, t y bn s khng phi lp li cng

vic ny na m ch cn b CD vo, lm nhng bc k tip nn nhc. Thank god !

Cc bc copy CD
By gi vi CD cn rip. Khi bn b 1 CD vo window ca EAC s bo cho bn bit danh
sch cc tracks trong CD, bn bt u nhp thng tin a vao cc ca EAC, cng nh
tn track cho tng Track . hoc bn c the click nt FREEDB e EAC auto cp nhat tn
bi theo thng tin t internet tuy nhin c th ko chnh xc nen bn fi kim tra li

menu
Action/ Copy images & Create CUE sheets / chn Compressed
Sau khi nhp y thng tin xong ta bt y Copy nhc, bn hy vo

Tip theo EAC s hi bn mun lu file APE u, hy to 1 folder cho album ny v

chn 1 folder y trong hp thoi, vy l xong

sau khi extract CD qua WAV , EAC se t ng goi MAC nn thnh APE, bn c bnh
tnh t tin ngi ch.
Sau khi qu trnh nn hon tt, bn hy kim tra th mc cua album, by gi bn c 1
file APE va 1 file CUE. kim tra thm, bn dng notepad m file CUE ln, i ch tn
file t .wav thnh .ape
(v d: FILE "CDImage.wav" WAVE
thnh
FILE "CDImage.ape" WAVE
)
Cui cng nghe, bn hy b file CUE vao Foobar bt u nghe.
Nh th ta hon tt vic copy v nn lossless 1 album.

Nn v chia nh file Rar upload chia s

upload ln internet bn nn chia nh album ra thnh nhiu file c dung lng nh
tin upload v download. Ta s s dng winrar nn v chia file. Nu cha c winrar
bn hy n website http://www.rarlab.com/download.htm download.
Vi Winrar install, bn right click vo folder cha 2 file APE & CUE, v cc file khc
bn trong nh covers, logs. Chn Add to archive, mt hp thoi ca Winrar s uc m
ln.
Trong tab General, bn chn:
- Archive format la RAR
- Comrpession method la Storage

- Split to volumes la 50M (60M neu bac muon chia ra moi file 60Mb) nhung ng ln hon
80M
- Check cac nt Put recovery record va Lock archive

Sau khi xong , ban qua Tab Advanced. Hy cho s 3 percent vao Recovery record.
Tiep theo qua tab Comment , bn c th cho vo 1 cu biet file nay cua jazz zone ,
chang han "tdev''s upload for Jazz zone @ ttvnol "
Sau khi xong, bn quay li Tab General , bn hy click vo nt PROFILES v chn
"Save current settings as a new profiles" mc ch l lu li cc thit lp va ri
ca bn, ln sau bn ch cn click nt Profiles v chn profile bn va save li l mi
thit lp va ri s c chn sn.
Trong Archive Name, winrar t ng s dng tn folder lm tn file, nhng bn nn
sa li vi 1 tn khng khong trng (hy dng k t _ thay cho khong trng), v ko l
liu qu (v d b xo khi upload ln internet) (1 tn file hp l cho album "Yo-Yo Ma Appassionato 2007" chng hn, c th l "d:\yyma_-_appassion_.rar" , c ngha l
thay v nn v lu ngay ti th mc hin hnh, winrar s lu file vi tn yyma__appassion_.rar ti D)
Khi xong bn nhn OK, winrar s bt u nn v chia file, bn s c 1 danh sch cc
phn c winrar chia nh ra mi phn 50Mb. Bn hy upload ln nhng dch v upload file
min ph nh mediafire.com, mihd.net ri copy link download file chia s cho mi ngi.

- Em c download ci foobar2000 v ri th nghe file dng CUE th ko nghe

c. Xem li trn trang ca n th n bo rng: "audio formats supported:
MP1, MP2, MP3, MP4, MPC, AAC, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC / Ogg FLAC, WavPack, WAV,
AIFF, AU, SND, CDDA, WMA." Nh vy l phi convert sang FLAC ri mi nghe
c bng foobar phi khng ? Liu c plugin no h tr cho n cha ?
- Ti bit l mun nghe 1 CD Image nn bng APE hoac FLAC s cn 1 file
CUE nhng sao khi cho CUE vo FooBar khnng thy thng tin bi hin ra ?

Hai cu hi trn c cng nguyn nhn v cch tr li :). Sau khi bn hoc ngi chia s
album cho bn rip 1 CD bng EAC ri dng MAC hoc FLAC nn thnh lossless APE
hoac FLAC th s nhn c 1 cp file APE/FLAC cng vi 1 file CUE. CUE l 1 file text rt
n gin dng cha thng tin v tng track trong album gip cho media players bit
cch chia track khi chi album. Bn hon ton c th m file CUE ln bng NotePad
hoc bt c text editor no (v d nh tdev dng EmEditor, bn c th lin h
download), * nhng hy ch sa nhng g bn chc chn l c th sa, sai lch
thi gian trong CUE rt nguy him n hon chnh ca album sau khi ghi ra
CD *

Cu trc ca 1 file CUE c dng nh sau:

REM GENRE Jazz

REM DATE 1975
REM DISCID 42098906
REM COMMENT "ExactAudioCopy v0.95b3"
PERFORMER "The Poll Winners"
TITLE "The Poll Winners "
FILE "The Poll Winners - Straight Ahead.flac" WAVE
TRACK 01 AUDIO
TITLE "Caravan"
PERFORMER "The Poll Winners"
INDEX 01 00:00:00
TRACK 02 AUDIO
TITLE "Someday My Prince Will Come"
PERFORMER "The Poll Winners"
INDEX 00 05:57:55
INDEX 01 06:01:47
................................

Bn c th d dng nhn ra ni dung tng dng trong CUE, tuy nhin khng phi file
CUE no cng c cu trc ging vy , l do l nhng thng tin khng bt
buc, bt buc phi c ch l thng FILE v TRACK:
- 2 dng u xc nh Genre v Date ca Album
- dng th 3 cha gi tr DiscID ca CD gc (a hiu lun c 1 ID ring cho tng album
phn bit)
- Comment l ni dung chu thch, hin ti l ch thch cho EAC thm vo bit rip
bng EAC

- PERFORMER dng k ch ngh s chung ca album , ngoi ra Performer cn c th

ring r theo tng track ging nh bn thy pha di mi track.
- Dng FILE ng vai tr quan trng, n xc nh file ch cn fi tm p t
nhng phn chia c xc nh trong CUE. Hin ti n ang l "FILE "The Poll Winners
- Straight Ahead.flac" WAVE" bn thy rng n tr n file "The Poll Winners Straight Ahead.flac".
Vn m 2 cu hi trn t ra thng ri vo nguyn nhn sau. Khi EAC rip
nhc t CD vo n s to 1 file WAV v CUE i chung nhau, l tt c kh nng ca
n, n sinh ra l rip nhc 1 cch chun nht v cho ra WAV. Nhng do chng ta
bt EAC phi gi 1 trnh nn lossless bn ngoi, MAC hoac FLAC. th sau khi rip v to
xong 2 cp file trn EAC tip tc gi MAC hoac FLAC nn WAV thnh APE hoac FLAC.
Sau khi qu trnh ny hon tt ta c 1 file APE/FLAC, thay cho WAV.
Nh vy ta phi vo edit ni dung file CUE, v khi CUE c EAC to ra trong khong
thi gian rip ra WAV, EAC xc nh trng FILE trong CUE tr n file WAV, v d
"FILE "The Poll Winners - Straight Ahead.wav" WAVE"
Vic sa li rt n gin, bn ch cn m file CUE ln thay ui file ca tn file trong bin
FILE l .ape hoc .flac thay v .wav . Bn ch l tdev mun ni n ui file (.wav)
ch khng ng n ch WAVE pha sau nn bn ng thay i (WAVE c ngha xc
nh file ny l m thanh lossless)
Sau khi chnh sa, bn lu li file CUE (i vi ngi dng XP bnh thng, khi edit file
CUE bng Notepad, n s ch cho bn lu file li thnh .txt , bn s phi b chc nng
du ui file ca Windows XP (vo Tools/Folder Options) th mi c th b ui file .txt i
c)
Mt ln na tdev xin nhc l * Ngoi nhng trng thng tin c tdev cp cn
phi sa, hoc nhng thng tin bn bit chc l c th sa an ton, trnh ng
chm n bt k thng tin no, c bit l thi gian trong ni dung file CUE *
n y th bn c th th ko th file CUE vo Foobar v mi chuyn s n. :)