I.

HC VIN CNG NGH BCVT CS TP.HCM

KHOA K THUT IN T II

N MN HC
TI:

THIT K MCH CHNG TRM DNG CM BIN

GVHD:

NGUYN TRNG HUN

SVTH

MSSV

1.H Thanh Hun

N102102017

2.Trnh Vn Long

N102102025

3. ng Xun Hiu

N102102013

TP.HCM THNG T 4

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 1

 CNG THIT K MCH IN T

TI: THIT K MCH CHNG TRM DNG CM BIN
GII THIU TI
Ngy nay, con ngi cng vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin tin ca
th gii, chng ta v ang ngy mt thay i, vn minh v hin i hn. S pht
trin ca k thut in t to ra hng lot nhng thit b vi cc c im ni bt
nh s chnh xc cao, tc nhanh, gn nhl nhng yu t rt cn thit gp phn
cho hot ng ca con ngi t hiu qu ngy cng cao hn.
in t ang tr thnh mt ngnh khoa hc a nhim v. in t p ng c
nhng i hi khng ngng ca cc ngnh, lnh vc khc nhau cho n nhu cu thit
yu ca con ngi trong cuc sng hng ngy. Mt trong nhng ng dng rt quan
trng ca ngnh cng ngh in t l k thut iu khin t xa bng hng ngoi. S
dng hng ngoi c ng dng rt nhiu trong cng nghip v cc lnh vc khc trong
cuc sng vi nhng thit b iu khin t xa rt tinh vi v t c nng sut tht cao.
Xut pht t nhng ng dng , chng em thit k v thi cng mt ng dng
nh trong thu pht hng ngoi MCH CHNG TRM DNG TIA HNG
NGOI. V thi gian, ti liu v trnh cn hn ch nn vic thc hin n cn
nhiu thiu st Knh mong nhn c s ch dn v gp tn tnh ca tt c qu thy
c cng cc bn.
I.

II.

TM TT NI DUNG TI

1.
2.
-

Mc tiu
Lm quen vi thit k mch in t
ng dng kin thc hc vo thc t
Thit k mch chng trm dng cm bin
Ni dung
Tm hiu v vi iu khin 89S52
Tm hiu v LCD1602
Tm hiu v RS232
Thit k mch nguyn l chng trm dng cm bin
Xy dng gii thut iu khin, lp trnh trn CodevisionAVR v thc hin m
phng mch trn protues
- Hon thin phn cng mch s dng phn mm thit k mch in OrCAD
3. Kt qu
- Mch m phng hot ng n nh, ng yu cu t ra
- Phn cng sn phm hot ng tt
- Phn mm iu khin

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 2

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

Ngy Thng Nm
Ch k ca gio vin

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 3

MC LC
LI NI U
PHN 1 :
C S L THUYT
CHNG 1 : TM HIU V VI IU KHIN 89S52 8
1.1: Tng quan v vi iu khin 89S52...8
1.1.1: Gii thiu s lc...8
1.1.2: Cu hnh ca 89S52...8
1.1.3: S khi ca 89S52.9
1.1.4: S chn 89S52..10
1.1.5: Chc nng cc chn 89S52..10
1.2 : T chc b nh bn trong 89S52.12
CHNG 2: NGUYN TC THU PHT HNG NGOI.18
2.1: Khi nim v tia hng ngoi...18
2.2 :Nguyn tc thu pht hng ngoi18
2.2.1: Phn pht ......................18
a. S khi18
b. Gii thch.19
2.2.2: Phn thu 20
a. S khi20
b. Gii thch.....................20
CHNG 3: C BN V GHP NI CHUN RS232...21
3.1: Tng quan v chun RS232.21
3.1.1 : t vn .21
3.1.2 : u im ca giao tip ni tip RS23221
3.1.3 : Nhng c im lu trong chun RS232...21
3.1.4 : Cc mc in ng truyn....21
3.1.5 : Cng RS232 trn PC22
3.1.6 : Qu trnh truyn d liu..23
3.2 : S ghp chn...23
3.2.1 : Mch chun giao tip RS232 dng IC Max23223
3.2.2: Mch chun giao tip RS232 dng DS275..24
3.2.3: Mch chun giao tip dng Transitor.25
CHNG 4: KHI QUT LCD 1602..26
4.1: Khi nim LCD 1602.26
4.2: S chn v cch b tr chn.26
4.3: Cc thanh ghi..27
4.3.1: Thanh ghi IR.27
4.3.2: C bo bn BF ( busy flag ).27
4.3.3: B m a ch AC ( address counter )...28
4.4: B nh LCD.28
4.4.1: DDRAM.28
4.4.2: CGROM.28
Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 4

4.5: Cc tp lnh..29

PHN 2: THIT K MCH IU KHIN NG C BC HON CHNH

1: Khi thu pht hng ngoi .............. 32
2: Mch nguyn l m phng trn protues 32

PHN 3:

TI LIU THAM KHO

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 5

LI NI U
n mn hc l n u tin ca sinh vin sau 3 hc k hc chuyn ngnh. y l c
hi cho mi sinh vin vn dng nhng kin thc hc, hiu su sc hn v nhng
kin thc v tm hiu thm nhiu kin thc mi, c bit kin thc thc t bn ngoi
nh trng to ra 1 sn phm c cng dng thc t phc v cho vic hc tp, nghin
cu v s dng. T , to nn hng th, ng lc cho vic hc tp nhiu hn na v y
cng l nn tng cho vic thc hin n tt nghip sau ny. Tuy nhin, do y l n
u tin m sinh vin thc hin, v vic thc hin n ny song song vi qu trnh hc
tp ti lp, do thi gian dnh cho n l khng nhiu. Cho nn, trong qu trnh thc
hin khng trnh khi nhng sai st,mong thy c thng cm v ch dy thm cho nhm
hon thin hn trong nhng n k tip.

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 6

LI CM N
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n ti qu thy c Trng Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu
Chnh Vin Thng C S TP. H CH MINH dy bo, truyn t kin thc cho chng
em trong sut qu trnh hc tp ti trng. c bit l thy Nguyn Trng Hun tn
tnh ch dn cho chng em trong qu trnh lm v hon thnh n ny.
ng cm n Ban gim hiu nh trng to iu kin cho chng em hc tp v trau
di kin thc. Xin cm n cc bn cng lp c kin ng gp cho nhm chng em
trong qu trnh tm hiu v lm n.
Do thi gian v trnh c hn nn n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Chng em
mong nhn c kin ng gp ca qu thy c v cc bn n c hon thin
hn, v to lp cho chng em c mt c s nhn nhn v kh nng, kin thc, t c
hng phn u tt hn cho cc n tip theo.

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

Sinh vin
H Thanh Hun
ng Xun Hiu
Trnh Vn Long

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 7

PHN 1: C S L THUYT
CHNG 1 : TM HIU V VI IU KHIN AT89S52
1.1: Tng quan v vi iu khin AT89S52

1.1.1: Gii thiu s lc

Vi iu khin 8051 c Intel cho ra i vo nm 1980 thuc vi iu khin u
tin ca h MCS-51. Hin ti rt nhiu nh sn xut nh Siemens, Advanced Micro
Devices, Fusisu tp trung pht trin cc sn phm trn c s
8051.
Atmel l hang cho ra i cc chip 89C51, 52, 55 v sau ci tin thm ,
hng cho ra i 89S51, 52, 89S8252
1.1.2: Cu hnh ca AT89S52
AT89S52 cung cp nhng c tnh chun nh: 8 KByte b nh ch c c th
xa v lp trnh nhanh (EPROM), 128 Byte RAM, 32 ng I/O, 3 TIMER/COUNTER
16 Bit, 6 vect ngt c cu trc 2 mc ngt, mt Port ni tip bn song cng, 1 mch dao
ng to xung Clock v b dao ng ON-CHIP.
Cc c im ca chip AT89S52 c tm tt nh sau:
-8 KByte b nh c th lp trnh nhanh, c kh nng ti 1000 chu k ghi/xo
-Tn s hot ng t: 0Hz n 24 MHz
-3 mc kha b nh lp trnh
-3 b Timer/counter 16 Bit
-128 Byte RAM ni.
-4 Port xut /nhp I/O 8 bit.
-Giao tip ni tip.
-64 KB vng nh m ngoi

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

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1.1.3: S khi AT89S52

Hnh 1.1: S khi ca b vi iu khin AT89S52

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 9

1.1.4: S chn AT89S52

Hnh 1.2 S chn ca AT89S52

1.1.5 : Chc nng cc chn ca AT89S52
- Port 0: t chn 32 n chn 39 (P0.0 _P0.7). Port 0 c 2 chc nng: trong cc thit
k c nh khng dng b nh m rng n c chc nng nh cc ng IO, i vi
thit k ln c b nh m rng n c kt hp gia bus a ch v bus d liu.
- Port 1: t chn 1 n chn 9 (P1.0 _ P1.7). Port 1 l port IO dng cho giao tip
vi thit b bn ngoi nu cn.
- Port 2: t chn 21 n chn 28 (P2.0 _P2.7). Port 2 l mt port c tc dng kp
dng nh cc ng xut/nhp hoc l byte cao ca bus a ch i vi cc thit b
dng b nh m rng.
- Port 3: t chn 10 n chn 17 (P3.0 _ P3.7). Port 3 l port c tc dng kp. Cc
chn ca port ny c nhiu chc nng, c cng dng chuyn i c lin h n cc
c tnh c bit ca 89S52 nh bng sau:
Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 10

Bng 2.1 Cc chc nng ca Port 3

Bit

Tn

Chc nng chuyn i

P3.0

RXD

Ng vo d liu ni tip.

P3.1

TXD

Ng xut d liu ni tip.

P3.2

INT0

Ng vo ngt cng th 0.

P3.3

INT1

Ng vo ngt cng th 1.

P3.4

T0

Ng vo TIMER/ COUNTER th 0.

P3.5

T1

Ng vo ca TIMER/ COUNTER th 1.

P3.6

WR

Tn hiu ghi d liu ln b nh ngoi.

P3.7

RD

Tn hiu c b nh d liu ngoi.

- PSEN (Program store enable): chn cho php bnhchngtrnh

PSEN l tn hiu ng ra c tc dng cho php c b nh chng trnh m rng v
thng c ni n chn OE ca Eprom cho php c cc byte m lnh.
PSEN mc thp trong thi gian 89S52 ly lnh. Cc m lnh ca chng trnh c
c t Eprom qua bus d liu, c cht vo thanh ghi lnh bn trong 89S52 gii m
lnh. Khi 89S52 thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni, PSEN mc cao.
- ALE (Address Latch Enable): chn cho php chta ch
Khi 89S52 truy xut b nh bn ngoi, Port 0 c chc nng l bus a ch v d liu
do phi tch cc ng d liu v a ch. Tn hiu ra ALE chn th 30 dng lm tn
hiu iu khin gii a hp cc ng a ch v d liu khi kt ni chng vi IC cht.
Tn hiu chn ALE l mt xung trong khong thi gian port 0 ng vai tr l a ch
thp nn cht a ch hon ton t ng.
Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 11

- EA (External Access): chn truy xut ngoi

Tn hiu vo EA (chn 31) thng c mc ln mc 1 hoc mc 0. Nu mc 1,
89S52 thi hnh chng trnh t b nh ROM ni. Nu mc 0, 89S52 thi hnh chng
trnh t b nh ROM ngoi. Chn EA c ly lm chn cp ngun 21V khi lp trnh
cho Eprom trong 89S52.

RST (Reset): Khi ng vo tn hiu ny

a ln mc cao t nht 2 chu k my, cc thanh
bn trong c np nhng gi tr thch hp
khi ng h thng. Khi cp in mch phi t
ng reset. Cc gi tr t v in tr c chn

R1=10, R2=220, C=10uF.

Hnh 1.3: Mch reset

Cc ng vo b dao ng X1,X2
Hnh 1.4: mch dao ng
B to dao ng c tch hp bn trong 89S52. Khi s dng 89S52, ngi ta ch
cn ni thm thch anh v cc t. Tn s thch anh ty thuc vo mc ch ca ngi s
dng, gi tr t thng c chn l 33p.
1.2 T chc b nh bn trong 89S52
B nh trong 89S52 bao gm ROM v RAM. RAM trong 89S52 bao gm nhiu
thnh phn: phn lu tr a dng, phn lu tr a ch ha tng bit, cc bank thanh ghi v
cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit.
AT89S52 c b nh c t chc theo cu trc Harvard: c nhng vng b nh ring
cho chng trnh v d liu. Chng trnh v d liu c th cha bn trong 89S52 nhng
89S52 vn c th kt ni vi 64K byte b nh chng trnh v 64K byte d liu bn ngoi
-RAM a dng
RAM a dng c a ch t 30h 7Fh c th truy xut mi ln 8 bit bng cch
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Page 12

dng ch nh a ch trc tip hay gin tip. Cc vng a ch thp t 00h 2Fh
cng c th s dng cho mc ch
- RAM c th nh a ch bit
Vng a ch t 20h -2Fh gm 16 byte c th thc hin nh vng RAM a dng
(truy xut mi ln 8 bit) hay thc hin truy xut mi ln 1 bit bng cc lnh x l bit.
-Cc bank thanh ghi
Vng a ch 00h 1Fh c chia thnh 4 bank thanh ghi: bank 0 t 00h 07h, bank
1 t 08h 0Fh, bank 2 t 10h 17h v bank 3 t 18 1Fh. Cc bank thanh ghi ny
c i din bng cc thanh ghi t R0 n R7. Sau khi khi ng th h thng bank 0
c chn s dng.
Do c 4 bank thanh ghi nn ti mt thi im ch c mt bank thanh ghi c truy
xut bi cc thanh ghi R0 n R7. Vic thay i bank thanh ghi c thc hin thng
qua thanh ghi t trng thi chng trnh (PSW).
-Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit
Cc thanh ghi trong 89S52 c nh dng nh mt phn ca RAM trn chip v vy
mi thanh ghi s c mt a ch (ngoi tr thanh ghi b m chng trnh v thanh ghi
lnh v cc thanh ghi ny him khi b tc ng trc tip). Cng nh R0 n R7, 89S52
c 21 thanh ghi c chc nng c bit (SFR: Special Function Register) vng trn ca
RAM ni t a ch 80H n 0FFH.
- Cc thanh ghi nh thi (Timer)
AT89S52 cha 2 b nh thi 2 b nh thi/m 16 bit c dng cho vic nh
thi hoc m s kin. Timer 0 a ch 8AH (TL0: Byte thp) v 8DH (TH1: Byte
cao). Vic khi ng Timer c SET bi TIMER Mode (TMOD) a ch 89H v
thanh ghi iu khin. Timer (TCON) a ch 88H, ch c TCON c a ch ha
tng bit.
-Cc thanh ghi ni tip
AT89S52 cha mt Port ni tip dnh cho vic trao i thng tin vi cc thit b ni
tip nh my tnh, Modem hoc giao tip ni tip vi cc IC khc. Mt thanh ghi gi l
b m d liu ni tip (SBUF) a ch 99H s gi c hai d liu truyn v d liu
nhn. Khi truyn d liu th ghi ln SBUF, khi nhn d liu th c SBUF. Cc mode
vn hnh khc nhau c lp trnh ghi iu khin port ni tip SCON a ch 98H
-Cc thanh ghi ngt
Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 13

Thc t 89S52 ch c 5 ngt dnh cho ngi dng, song nhiu ti liu k thut ca
cc nh sn xut vn ni rng c 6 ngt v h tnh c lnh reset b tr su ngt ca 8051
nh sau:
- Reset: khi chn reset c kch hot th 8051 nhy v a ch 0000.
- Hai ngt dnh cho b nh thi timer 0 v timer 1, a ch bng vector ngt ca
hai ngt ny tng ng vi timer 0 v timer 1 l 000B4 v 001B4. Hai ngt phn cng
dnh cho cc thit b bn ngoi ni ti chn 12 (P3.2) v 13 (P3.3) ca cng P3 l
INT0 v INT1 tng ng. Cc ngt ngoi cng c gi l EX1 v EX2. V tr nh
trong bng vector ngt ca hai ngt INT0 v INT1 ny l 0003H v 0013H .
Truyn thng ni tip c mt ngt cho c thu ln pht, a ch ca ngt ny trong
bng vector ngt 0023H

Bng vector ngt ca 8051:

-Cho php ngt v cm ngt:

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 14

Khi reset th tt c mi ngt b cm, c ngha l khng c ngt no c b vi iu

khin p ng nu chng c kch hot, cc ngt phi c cho php bng phn
mm b vi iu khin c th p ng c. C mt thanh ghi c gi l cho php
ngt IE(Interrup Enable), chu trch nhim v vic cho php ngt v cm cc ngt IE l
thanh ghi c th nh a ch bit.

-Thanh ghi cho php ngt IE:

Bng thanh ghi cho php ngt IE

- Cc bc thc hin khi cho php mt ngt
cho php 1 ngt, trnh t thc hin cc bc nh sau:
+ Bit D7 ca thanh ghi IE l EA phi c bt ln cao cho php cc bit cn li ca
thanh ghi c hiu lc.
+ Nu EA=1 th tt c mi ngt u c php v s c p ng nu cc bit
tng ng ca cc ngt ny trong IE c mc cao.
+ Nu EA=0 th khng c ngt no c p ng cho d bt tng ng trong IE c
gi tr cao.
- Thanh ghi TIMER.
Vi iu Khin 89S52 c 3 timer 16 bit, mi timer c bn cch lm vic.
Ngi ta s dng cc timer :
+ nh khong thi gian

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 15

+ m s kin
+ To tc baud cho port ni tip trong 89S52.
Trong cc ng dng nh khong thi gian, ngi ta lp trnh timer nhng khong
u n v t c trn timer. C c dng ng b ha chng trnh thc hin
mt tc ng nh kim tra trng thi ca cc ng vo hoc gi s kin ra cc ng ra. Cc
ng dng khc c th s dng vic to xung nhp u n ca timer o thi gian tri
qua gia hai s kin (v d o rng xung).

- Thanh ghi ch Timer Mode (TMOD):

C hai b nh thi timer 0 v timer 1 u dng chung mt thanh ghi c gi l
TMOD thit lp cc ch lm vic khc nhau ca b nh thi. Thanh ghi TMOD
l thanh ghi 8 bit gm c 4 bit dnh cho b timer 0 v 4 bit dnh cho timer 1. Trong
hai bit thp ca chng dng thit lp ch ca b nh thi, cn 2 bit cao dng
xc nh php ton.

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 16

Bng tm tt thanh ghi chc nng TMOD

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 17

CHNG 2 : NGUYN TC THU PHT HNG NGOI

2.1 Khi nim v tia hng ngoi
-

nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy c
bng mt thng , c bc sng khong t 0.86m n 0.98m . Tia hng ngoi
c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng .
Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N c ng dng
rng ri trong cng nghip.Lng thng tin c th t 3 mega bit /s .Lng thng
tin c truyn i vi nh sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi sng in t m
ngi ta vn dng .
Tia hng ngoi d b hp th , kh nng xuyn thu km . Trong iu khin t
xa bng tia hng ngoi , chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp , c hng , do khi thu
phi ng hng .
Sng hng ngoi c nhng c tnh quan trng ging nh nh sng ( s hi t qua
thu knh , tiu c ) . nh sng thng v nh sng hng ngoi khc nhau rt r
trong s xuyn sut qua vt cht . C nhng vt cht ta thy n di mt mu xm
c nhng vi nh sng hng ngoi n tr nn xuyn sut . V vt liu bn dn
trong sut i vi nh sng hng ngoi , tia hng ngoi khng b yu i khi n
vt qua cc lp bn dn i ra ngoi .

2.2 Nguyn tc thu pht hng ngoi :

2.2.1 Phn pht
a) S khi

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Page 18

b) Gii thch :
Khi chn chc nng v khi m ha : Khi ngi s dng bm vo cc phm chc
nng pht lnh yu cu ca mnh , m phm chc nng tng ng vi mt s
thp phn . Mch m ha s chuyn i thnh m nh phn tng ng di dng
m lnh tn hiu s gm cc bt 0 v 1 . S bit trong m lnh nh phn c th l
4 bit hay 8 bit ty theo s lng cc phm chc nng nhiu hay t .
Khi dao ng c iu kin : Khi nhn 1 phm chc nng th dng thi khi
ng mch dao ng to xung ng h , tn s xung ng h xc nh thi gian
chun ca mi bit .
Khi cht d liu v khi chuyn i song song ra ni tip : M nh phn ti
mch m ha s c cht a vo mch chuyn i d liu song song ra
ni tip . Mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip c iu khin bi xung
ng h v mch nh thi nhm m bo kt thc ng lc vic chuyn i s
bit ca mt m lnh .
Khi iu ch v pht FM : m lnh di dng ni tip s c a qua mch
iu ch v pht FM ghp m lnh vo sng mang c tn s 38Khz n
100Khz , nh sng mang cao tn tn hiu c truyn i xa hn , ngha l tng c ly
pht .
- Khi thit b pht : l mt LED hng ngoi . Khi m lnh c gi tr bit =1 th
LED pht hng ngoi trong khong thi gian T ca bit . Khi m lnh c gi tr
bit=0 th LED khng sng . Do bn thu khng nhn c tn hiu xem nh bit
= 0 .

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 19

2.2.2 Phn thu

a. s khi

b) Gii thch :
Khi thit b thu : Tia hng ngoi t phn pht c tip nhn bi LED thu hng
ngoi hay cc linh kin quang khc .
Khi khuch i v Tch sng : trc tin khuch i tnh hiu nhn ri a qua
mch tch sng nhm trit tiu sng mang v tch ly d liu cn thit l m lnh .
Khi chuyn i ni tip sang song song v Khi gii m : m lnh c a vo
mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song v a tip qua khi gii m ra thnh s
thp phn tng ng di dng mt xung kch ti ng ra tng ng kch m mch
iu khin .
Tn s sng mang cn c dng so pha vi tn s dao ng bn phn thu gip
cho mch thu pht hot ng ng b , m bo cho mch tch sng v mch
chuyn i ni tip sang song song hot ng chnh xc .

Trnh Vn long- H Thanh Hun- ng Xun Hiu

Page 20

CHNG 3: C BN V GHP NI V CHUN GIAO TIP RS232

Ngy nay cc thit b o lng, iu khinu phi giao tip vi my tnh quan
st thng s v ch hot ng ca thit b nh th no? Chun giao tip c coi l n
gin v d dng l RS232. Hu nh cc thit b u c giao tip vi my tnh thng
qua chun ny.
3.1 Tng quan chun RS232
3.1.1.t vn
Vn giao tip gia PC v vi iu khin rt quan trng trong cc ng dng iu khin,
o lng Ghp ni qua cng ni tip RS232 l mt trong nhng k thut c s dng
rng ri ghp ni cc thit b ngoi vi vi my tnh. N l mt chun giao tip ni tip
dng nh m bo d liu l 12,5 n 25,4m, tc 20 kbit/s i khi l tc 115
kbit/s vi mt s thit b c bit. ngha ca chun truyn thng ni tip ngha l trong
mt thi im ch c mt bit c gi i dc theo ng truyn.
C 2 phin bn RS232 c lu hnh trong thi gian tng i di l RS232B v
RS232C . Nhng cho n nay th phin bn RS232B c th t c dng cn RS232C hin
vn c dng v tn ti thng c gi ngn gn l chun RS232.
Cc my tnh thng c 1 hay 2 cng ni tip theo chun RS232 c gi l cng Com.
Chng c dng ghp ni cho chut , modem, thit b o lng Trn main my tnh c
loi 9 chn hoc loi 25 chn ty i my v main my tnh. Vic thit k giao tip vi
cng RS232 cng tng i d dng, c bit khi chn ch hot ng l khng ng b
v tc truyn d liu thp.
3.1.2. u im ca giao din ni tip RS232
+ Kh nng chng nhiu ca cc cng ni tip cao
+ Thit b ngoi vi c th tho lp ngay c khi my tnh ang c cp in
+ Cc mch in n gin c th nhn c in p ngun nui qua cng ni tip
3.1.3.Nhng c im cn lu trong chun RS232
+ Trong chun RS232 c mc gii hn trn v di (logic 0 v 1) l +- 12v. Hin nay
ang c c nh tr khng ti trong phm vi t 3000 m -7000 m.
+ Mc logic 1 c in p nm trong khong -3V n -12V, mc logic 0 t +-3V n
12V
+ Tc truyn nhn d liu cc i l 100kbps ( ngy nay c th ln hn )
+ Cc li vo phi c in dung nh hn 2500pF
+ Tr khng ti phi ln hn 3000 m nhng phi nh hn 7000 m
+ di ca cp ni gia my tnh vi thit b ngoi vi ghp ni qua cng ni tip
RS232 khng vt qua 15m nu chng ta khng dng modem.
+ Cc gi tr tc truyn d liu chun
3.1.4.Cc mc in ng truyn
RS232 s dng phng thc truyn thng khng i xng, tc l s dng tin hiu in
p chnh lch gia mt dy dn v t. Do ngay t u tin ra i n mang v li
thi ca chun TTL, n vn s dng cc in p tng thch TTL m t cc mc logic 0
v 1. Ngoi mc in p tiu chun cng c nh cc gi tr tr khng ti u vo bus ca
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b phn v cc tr khng ra ca b pht.

Cc mc in p trong phm vi t -3V n 3V l trng thi chuyn tuyn. Chnh v t
-3V ti 3V l phm vi khng c nh ngha, trong trng hp thay i gi tr logic t
thp ln cao hoc t cao xung thp, mt tn hiu phi vt qua qung qu trong mt
thi gian ngn hp l. iu ny dn n vic ti hn ch v in dung ca cc thit b tham
gia v ca cc ng truyn. Tc truyn dn ti a ph thuc vo chiu di ca dy
dn. a s cc h thng hin nay ch h tr vi tc 19,2 kBd.
3.1.5. Cng RS232 trn PC
Hu ht cc my tnh c nhn hin nay u c trang b t nht l 1 cng Com hay
cng ni tip RS232. S lng cng Com c th ln ti 4 ty tng loi main my tnh. Khi
cc cng Com c nh du l Com 1, Com 2, Com 3 Trn c 2 loi u ni
c s dng cho cng ni tip RS232 loi 9 chn (DB9) hoc 25 chn (DB25). Tuy 2 loi
u ni ny c cng song song nhng 2 loi u ni ny c phn bit bi cng c
(DB9) v cng ci (DB25)
Ta xt s chn cng Com 9 chn:

Trn l cc k hiu chn v hnh dng ca cng DB9

Chc nng ca cc chn nh sau:
+ chn 1: Data Carrier Detect ( DCD): Pht tn hiu mang d liu
+ chn 2: Receive Data ( RxD): Nhn d liu
+ chn 3: Transmit Data (TxD): Truyn d liu
+ chn 4: Data Termial Ready (DTR): u cui d liu sn sng c kch hot bi b
phn khi mun truyn d liu
+ chn 5: Singal Ground (SG): Mass ca tn hiu
+ chn 6: Data Set Ready (DSR): D liu sn sng c kch hot bi b truyn khi n sn
sang nhn d liu
+ chn 7: Request to Send : Yu cu gi b truyn t ng ny ln mc hot ng khi
sn sang truyn d liu
+ chn 8: Clear To Send (CTS): Xa gi, b nhn ng ny ln mc kch hot ng
thng bo cho b truyn l n sn sng nhn tn hiu
+ chn 9: Ring Indicate (RI): Bo chung cho bit l b nhn ang nhn tn hiu rung
chung cn DB28 by gi hu ht cc main mi ra u khng c cng ny na.
3.1.6. Qu trnh d liu
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a. Qu trnh truyn d liu

Truyn d liu qua cng ni tip RS232 c thc hin khng ng b. Do vy nn ti
mt thi im ch c 1 bit c truyn ( 1 k t ). B truyn gi 1 bit bt u ( bit start)
thng bo cho b nhn bit mt k t s c gi n trong ln truyn bit tip theo.
Bit ny lun bt u bng mc 0 Tip theo l cc bit d liu ( bit data) c gi di
dng m ASCII ( c th l 5,6,7 hay 8 bit d liu). Sau l mt parity bit ( Kim tra bit
chn,l hay khng) v cui cng l bit dng-bit stop c th l 1;1,5 hay 2 bit dng.
b. Tc Baud
y l mt tham s c trng ca RS232. Tham s ny chnh l c truwg cho qu trnh
truyn d liu qua cng ni tip RS232 l tc truyn nhn d liu hay cn gi l tc
bit. Tc bit c nh ngha l s bit truyn c trong thi gian 1giy. Tc bit ny
phi c thit lp bn pht v bn nhn u phi c tc nh nhau ( Tc gia vi
iu khin v my tnh phi chung nhau 1 tc truyn bit )
Ngoi tc bit cn 1 tha s m t tc truyn v tc Baud. Tc Baud lien
quan n tc m phn t m ha d liu c s dng din t bit c truyn cn
tc bit th phn nh tc thc t m cc bit c truyn. V mt phn t bo hiu s
m ha mt bit nn khi hai tc bit v tc Baud l phi ng nht.
Khi s dng chun ni tip RS232 th yu cu khi s dng chun l thi gian chuyn
mc logic vt qu 4% thi gian truyn 1 bit. Do vy, nu tc bit cng cao th ti gian
truyn 1 bit cng nh th thi gian chuyn mc logic cng phi nh. iu ny lm gii
hn tc Baud v khong cch truyn.
c. Bit chn l hay Parity bit
y l bit kim tra li trn ng truyn. Thc cht ca qu trnh kim tra li khi truyn
d liu l b sung thm d liu c truyn tm ra hoc sa mt s li trong qu trnh
truyn. Do trong chun RS232 s dng mt k thut kim tra chn l.
Mt bit chn l c b sung vo d liu c truyn cho thy s lng cc bit 1
c gi trong mt khung truyn l chn hay l.
Mt Parity bit ch c th tm ra mt s l cc li chng hn 1,3,5,7,9 Nu nh mt bit
chn c mc li th Parity bit s trng gi tr vi trng hp khng mc li v th khng
pht hin ra li. Do trong k thut m ha li ny khng c s dng trong trng
hp c kh nng mt vi bit b mc li.
3.2: S ghp ni RS232
3.2.1.Mch chun giao tip RS232 dng IC Max232
Max232 l IC chuyn dng cho giao tip gia RS232 v thit b ngoi vi. Max232 l IC
ca hng Maxim. y l IC chy n v c s dng ph bin trong cc mch giao tip
chun RS232. GI thnh ca Max232 ph hp v tch hp trong 2 knh truyn cho
chun RS232. Dng tn hiu c thit k cho chun RS232. Mi u truyn ra v cng
nhn tn hiu u c bo v chng li s phng tnh in. Ngoi ra Max232 cn c
thit k vi ngun +5V cung cp ngun cng sut nh.

Mch giao tip nh sau:

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y l mch giao tip 1 knh dng Max232, mch ny c s dng kh nhiu trong
chun giao tip RS232
3.2.2. Mch chun giao tip RS232 dng DS275
y cng l IC ca hng Maxim. DS275 c dng trong cc mch giao tip ca chun
RS232 nhng dng trong cc thit k cng sut nh.

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3.2.3.Mch chun giao tip RS232 dng transitor

Mch s dng 2 transitor giao tip RS232

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CHNG 4 :

KHI QUT LCD 1602

4.1 Khi nim LCD 1602

L mt thit b thng dng dng hin th thng tin,c bit l hin th
cc ch ci LCD1602 c 16 ct v 2 hng, n c th hin th ti a 32 k t
cng lc(16 k t hng trn v 16 k t hng di).
Hnh nh cho LCD 1602:

4.2 : s chn v cch b tr chn

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4.3: Cc thanh ghi:

4.3.1: Thanh ghi IR: Mi lnh c nh sn xut LCD nh a ch r rng.
Ngi dng ch vic cung cp a ch lnh bng cch np vo thanh ghi IR.
4.3.2C bo bn BF (Busy Flag)
Khi ang thc thi cc hot ng bn trong, LCD b qua mi giao tip vi bn
ngoi v bt c BF( thng qua chn DB7 khi c thit lp RS=0, R/W=1) ln
cho bit n ang bn.

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4.3.3: B m a ch AC (Address Counter)

Khi mt a ch lnh c np vo thanh ghi IR, thng tin c ni trc tip
cho 2 vng RAM (vic chn la vng RAM tng tc c bao hm trong
m lnh). Sau khi ghi vo (c t) RAM, b m AC t ng tng ln (gim
i) 1 n v.
4.4: B nh LCD
Vng RAM hin th DDRAM : (Display Data RAM)
Vng CGROM: Character Generator ROM
Vng CGRAM : (Character Generator RAM)
4.4.1: DDRAM
y l vng RAM dng hin th, ngha l ng vi mt a ch ca RAM
l mt k t trn mn hnh.

4.4.2:CGROM
Cha cc mu k t loi 5x7 hoc 5x10 im nh/k t, v nh a ch
bng 8 bit.

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4.5: Cc tp lnh

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PHN 2:THIT K MCH CHNG TRM DNG CM BIN

HON CHNH
1. Khi thu pht hng ngoi

2. Mch nguyn l m phng trn Protues

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TI LIU THAM KHO

http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/
http://hocavr.com

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