Chuyén dé béi dung hoa hoc hoc sinh lép 8-9 nam hoc 2008-2009 i HES iv H Chire nang co ban : | - H6 thong héa kién thitc, gitip hoc sinh nhé nhanh, nhé sau. - So sanh, tong hop, khai quat hoa cac khai niém. - Dua ra dudéi dang cac céng thire, so 48 dé hiéu, kich thich tinh to mo, ty tim hiéu cia hoc sinh. - Toan bé cac dang bai tap theo chuong trinh cua B6 Gioa dyc - Dao taoPHAN LOAI HCVC Oxit axit: CO,, $O,, $0;, NO,, N,O,, SiO;, P.O; Oxit bazo: Li,O, Na,O, K,0, CaO, BaO, CuO,Fe,O, Oxit trung tinh: CO, NO Oxit Iudng tinh: ZnO, Al,O3, Cr03 —+|_ OXIT(AO,) | A Axit khong 06 oxi (Hidraxit): HCI, HBr, HS, HF | Axit c6 oxi (Oxaxit): HNO;, H;SO,, H,PO, ae ier me | 4] Mui axit: NaH1SO,, NaHCO,, Ca(HCO,). \ {Musi trung hod: NaCl, KNO,, CaCO, © Ngoai ra c6 thé chia axit thanh axit manh va axit yéu HINO, H,PO, lee 11,50, CH,COOH Axit manh — Axit trung binh Axit yéu Axit rét yéu ;—*)| _ AXIT (H,B)uxt [ny AU BA UNE PP 89 19K Bun 9A BUSH EMS yu PP A WXB pp EO 1A Sulip upyd_ gu 99 Xe LOMA - | gu 99 YUN BuQN! ozeEg - tOStH “ONH ~| 98) 241 99 yun BugM| NE =| mT donut + wxo < unyd aoiqu Iq uey Bugyy ozeg “s ozeg + 190 ronu: eee _ueyd | <— 19M pp + WEE PP “y yueys 08 ZGxXQ + XUXO “p vie iq ronu os WW "¢| —-dONU BA ONL <— xExO Igur yxe eA tour ronut ponu ea ton Wut nu | yA Sup oe Wary pp “€] HM IA BUNP OBL *S | uueM oF WX PP +Z4XO ‘E 7 fonu pp + ron pp “> Sugy <— new Buoy, oupiy] ea ronut donu va on quem | HOU OU Feo] Wy + LOW TON | ur]mYdjouayd pp wT -| < 10] WHY 19a BUH VL “yom ozeg™ pp + XCXO "TZ © Wo] wy, + ton ppg] yuex un sb wey - aonu ea tonu | ozeg pp ump of anu LUI 870g + [OL IMU ip ryo quo | 9zeq WXO 1a Sunp OL “¢| 1A Burp oe ozeq UXO - < W9LX Pp + !OMLE PP “Z MEM FOP WHE] WQEY PPT dgnu Ba ron, UNV PP Yup of doNU ur Exe + YoU ont apnea ron |< ozeg 1A Fup oef "Z] ya Sump om Xe AXE - << axe wa Buiip se] “1 |< uxe wa Bump ovy [| Buoy op — uy 2A1,05 CuO +H; “+ Cu+H:0 Fe203 + 3CO —» 2Fe + 3C0, $ +02 SO: CaO + H:0 > Ca(OH), Cu(OH); + CuO + H,0 CaO + 2HCI > CaCl; + H20 CaO + CO; > CaCO, Na CO; + Ca(OH); > CaCO, + 2NaOH NaOH + HCl — NaCl + H;0 2NaOH + CO; > Na,CO; + H20 BaCl; + NaySOy —> BaSOq) + 2NaC1 SO; + HO — HSO, P.O + 3H:0 > 2H,POs P:Os + 6NaOH > 2Na;PO, + 310 N:O; + Na;O + 2NaNO, BaCl; + H:SO, > BaSOxt + 2HCI 2HCI + Fe > FeCl: + Ha 2HCI + Ba(OH); > BaCl, + 2H,0 GHC! + Fe.O; > 2FeCl, + 3H20 2HCI + CaCO; > CaCl: + 24,0 Luu ¥: -" Mot s6 oxit kim loai nhu ALO, MgO, BaO, CaO, Na,O, K,0 kh6ng bi H,, CO khit, - Cf oxit kim logi khi 6 trang thai hod tri cao 1a oxit axit nhut: CrO,, Mn,0,,> - fic phan ting hod hoe xay ra pha tuan theo cic diéu kign cia ting phan ting. - Khi oxit axit tée dung véi dd Kiém thi tuy theo ti 1é s6 mol sé tao ra muéi axit hay mui trung hoa. VD: NaOH + CO, > NaHCO, 2NaOH + CO, -> Na,CO, + H,O - Khi téc dung v6i H2804 duc, kim loai sé thé hién hod tri cao nhat, khong giai phong Hidro VD: Cu + 2H,SO, — CuSO, + S0,7 + H,Odidu ché cde hyp chit vo co KIM LOAI + OXI PHI KIM + OXI HOP CHAT + OXI PHI KIM + HIDRO. | NHIET PHAN MUOI 3 | NHIET PHAN BAZO KHONG TAN OXIT AXIT + NUGC AXIT MANH + MUOI KIEM + DD MUOI 9 = . 3Fe +20, —+ Fe,0, . AP +50, “> 2P,0, . CH, + 0, > CO, + 2H, . CaCO, + CaO + CO, |. Cu(OH), > CuO + HO . Cl, +H, 85 2HCI SO, + H,0 > H,SO, . BaCl, + H,SO, > BaSOd + SIAWELDE OXIT BAZO + NUGC DIEN PHAN DD MUOL (CO MANG NGAN) AXIT + BAZO 7 8 . Ca(OH), + Na,CO, > 10 CaCO,) + 2NaOH 10, CaO + H,O ~ Ca(OH), 7 11, NaCl + 2H20 — NaOH 2HCI ° +CL,t+Ht OXIT BAZO + DD AXIT OXIT AXIT + DD KIEM OXIT AXIT + OXIT BAZO. DD MUOI + DD MUGL DD MUGI + DD KIEM MUOI + DD AXIT {wor |, 19! KIM LOAI + PHI KIM 20) KIM LOAI + DD AXIT 121) KIM LOAI + DD MUOI . Ba(OH), + H,SO, —> BaSO,1 + 2H,O 13, CuO + 2HCI — CuCl, + H,O 14, SO, + NaOH —>Na,SO, + H,O 15. CaO + CO, > CaCO, 16, BaCl, + Na,SO, > BaSO, + 2NaCl 17. CuSO, + 2NaQH —> Cu(OH), + Na,SO, 18, CaCO, + 2HCI > CaCl, + CO, + HO 19, 2Fe + 3Cl, "+ 2FeCl, 20, Fe + 2HCl > FeCl, +H; 21. Fe + CuSO, > FeSO, + CulTinh chit hoa hge cia 3Fe + 20, “> Fe,0, 2Fe + 3Cl, > 2FeCl, Fe + 2HCI > FeCl, + H,t Fe + CuSO, > FeSO, + cul OXIT Reps MUOI+ KL Day hoat dng hea hgc eta kim leai, K, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Pb, (H), Cu, Ag, Au (Khi Nao May A6 Zap Sit Phi Hoi Ciic Bac Vang) ¥ nghia: K [Ba | Ca] Na | Mg Al |Zn|Fe|Ni| Sn Pb] H| Cu] Ag] Hg | Au] Pt + Oo: nhigt a6 thudmg a nbigt d6 cao Khé phan ting Mg | Al [Zn] Fe[ Ni[ Sn | Pb[ H|Cu[ Ag [Hg] Au| Pt Khong tae dung véi nude 6 nhi K [Ba] Ca[ Na | Mg] Al] Zn] Fe] Ni] Sn | Pb] H] Cul Ag] Hg | Au] Pt é > Tic dung véi cae axit thong thudng gidi phéng Hidro Khong tac dung. K | Ba | Ca| Na | Mg | Al | Zn| Fe| Ni| Sn Pb| H| Cu/ Ag| Hg | Au| Pt eg aE Kim loai dig truée day kim loai dimg sau ra khoi mudi K [Ba | Ca[ Na | Mg | Al [Zn | Fe | Ni| Sn | Pb] H| Cul Ag| Hg | Au] Pt H2, CO khéng khir duge oxit khir duge oxit cac kim loai nay & nhiét d6 cao fc kim logi dimg tre Mg phan tg véi nude 6 nhigt d6 thurdng tao thinh dd Kiém va gidi phong khi Hidro. Trir Au va Pt, cde kim logi khée déu c6 thé tic dung vii HNO vi H:SO, de nhung khang giti phéng Hidro.* Gidng: So sdnh tinh chit hed hye eda nhém va sit ~ Déu cé cac tinh chat chung ciia kim loai. - Déu khéng téc dung véri HNO va HsSO, dc ngudi * Khae: Tinh chat Fe (NTI "ye = 660°C . - La kim logi nhe, dé dat mong, déo. = Kim loai kim, dan Nhom, = Boe = 1539°C - La kim loai nang, déo nén dé rén. mhigt. kém hon Tac dung v6i | 2Al+3Cl —\> 2AICh, 2Fe + 3Ch —> 2FeCh, phikim | 2a1+3S “4 ALS; Fe+S —5 FeS Tae dung voi | 2AI+ 6HCI > 2AICly + 3H) Fe + 2HCI > FeCh + Hy axit Tac dung véi | 2Al + 3FeSO, > Al,(SO,); + 3Fe | Fe + 2AgNO; > Fe(NO;)2 + 2Ag dd mudi Tac dung voi | 2AI + 2NaOH + HzO Khong phan ing dd Kiém => 2NaAlO3 + 3H Hop chat | - AlsOs cé tinh luéng tinh = FeO, Fe20 va Fe;O, déu la cde Al:O3 + 6HCI— 2AICI; + 3H:0 | oxit bazo Al,Oy+ 2NaOH->2NaAl0, + H20 : - AIH); két tia dang keo, ihgp | -- Fe(OH)» mau trang xanh chat ludng tinh ~ Fe(OH); mau nau d6 Kétlugn | - Nhom 1a kim loai hrdng tinh, ¢6 | - Sit thé hién 2 hoa 6i axit thong thing, Kiém. Trong cae phin ing hoa hoe, Nhém thé hign hoa tr} IIT + Tae dung voi H.SO, die nong, dd HNOs, véi phi kim manh: II Gang va thép Gang Thép DIN - Gang li hyp kim cla Sit vi |- Thép la hop kim cua Sit voi Cacbon va 1 sé nguyén té Khic | Cacbon va 1 sé nguyén t6 khdc nhur Mn, Si, S... (%C=2+5%) (%oC=2%) Sinxuat [C+02—“5 CO; 2Fe +02 "> 2FeO CO; +C 5 2CO 3CO + FeO; “+ 2Fe + 3CO2 ACO + FeO, ++ 3Fe + 4COz CaO + SiO, —*-» CaSiO; FeO +C 4 Fe +CO FeO +Mn —2» Fe + MnO 2FeO + Si + 2Fe + SiOz