Duong Day Dai 2013 MK

Nguyn Cng Phng
ng dy di
(Mch thng s ri)
C s l thuyt mch in
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
3. Qu trnh qu
ng dy di - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
Sch tham kho

Chipman R. A. Theory and problems of transmission
lines. McGraw Hill
Nguyn Bnh Thnh, Nguyn Trn Qun, Phm Khc
Chng. C s k thut in. i hc & trung hc
chuyn nghip, 1971
https://sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn/
Khi nim (1)

Mch c thng s tp trung/ng dy ngn
f 50 Hz
R1
R2
3A
3A
6000 km
6.106 m
1m
R1
R2
R1
R2
8A
7 A
8A
7 A
3m
6000 km
Mch c thng s ri/ng dy di
f 100 MHz 3m
f 50 Hz 6.106 m
Khi nim (2)

ng dy di: m hnh p dng cho mch in c kch
thc ln so vi bc sng lan truyn trong mch
Mch cao tn & mch truyn ti in
Ti cc im khc nhau trn cng mt on mch ti
cng mt thi im, gi tr ca dng (hoc p) ni chung
l khc nhau
ngoi dng v p, m hnh ng dy di cn phi k
n yu t khng gian
Khi nim (3)

ng dy gm 2 dy dn thng, song song & ng nht
Dng in ch chy dc theo chiu di ca cc dy dn
Xt tit din ngang ca 2 dy dn cng mt v tr bt
k, dng in tc thi chy qua 2 tit din bng nhau
v ln & ngc chiu nhau
Xt tit din ngang ca 2 dy dn cng mt v tr bt
k, mt thi im bt k ch c mt hiu in th gia
2 tit din
Phn ng ca mt ng dy c th c m t y
da trn R, G, L, C ca ng dy
Khi nim (4)
Mch c thng s tp trung/ng dy ngn

Mch c thng s ri/ng dy di
Khi nim (5)

D
i(x,t)
u(x,t)
R, G, L, C
x
dx
dx
Khi nim (6)
R, L, C, G: cc
thng s ca
ng dy trn
mt n v di
dx
KD: i (i+di) Gdx(u+du) Cdx(u+du) = 0
di + Gdx.u + Cdx.u = 0
KA: u+Rdx.i + Ldx.i + u+du = 0
du + Rdx.i + Ldx.i = 0
Khi nim (7)
R, L, C, G: cc
thng s ca
ng dy trn
mt n v di
dx
di
du Rdx.i Ldx dt 0
di Gdx.u Cdx du 0
dt
i
u
x Ri L t
i Gu C u
x
t
10
Khi nim (8)

i
u
x Ri L t
i Gu C u
x
t
Nghim ph thuc bin kin x = x1, x = x2 & s kin t = t0

R (/km), L (H/km), C (F/km) & G (S/km) ph thuc cht liu ca ng dy
Nu R (hoc H, C, G) = f(i,x) th l ng dy khng u

Trong thc t cc thng s ny ph thuc nhiu yu t khng xt n
Ch gii hn ng dy di u & tuyn tnh
Ch xt 2 bi ton:
Xc lp iu ho
Qu
11
Khi nim (9)

Kch thc mch trn 10% bc sng
R (/km), L (H/km), C (F/km) & G (S/km) khng i
Ch xt 2 bi ton:
Xc lp iu ho
Qu
i
u
x Ri L t
i Gu C u
x
t
dx
12
Khi nim (10)
Ti
Ngun
dx
dx
R (/km), L (H/km), C (F/km) & G (S/km) khng i

13
Khi nim (11)
0 r
L
0 r
D
ln
a
D
1
ln
a
4
0 = 4.10-7 H/m
r = 1
0 = 8,85.10-12 F/m
r = 1
D : khong cch gia hai dy
dn
a : bn knh dy dn
14
Khi nim (12)

i1
i2
Mch c thng s tp trung (mch thng thng):
thi_gian_lan_truyn = 0
i1 = i2
i1
R, L, G, C, l
i2
Mch c thng s ri (ng dy di):
thi_gian_lan_truyn > 0
i1 i2
15
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
3.
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Hin tng sng chy
Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng
Phn x sng
Biu Smith
Phn b dng hyperbol
ng dy di u khng tiu tn
Mng hai ca tng ng
Qu trnh qu
16
Khi nim
Ngun iu ho, mch trng thi n nh
L ch lm vic bnh thng & ph bin
Dng & p c dng hnh sin, nhng bin & pha ph
thuc ta
u ( x, t ) 2U ( x) sin[t u ( x)]
i ( x, t ) 2 I ( x) sin[t i ( x)]
U ( x)
I ( x)
17
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
3.
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Hin tng sng chy
Phn x sng
Biu Smith
Phn b dng hyperbol
Mng hai ca tng ng
Qu trnh qu
18
in p & dng in (1)

i
u
x Ri L t
i Gu C u
x
t
dU
RI jLI ( R jL) I
dx

dI GU jCU (G jC )U
dx
d 2U
( R jL)(G jC )U
2
dx
d 2U
dI
2 ( R j L )
dx
dx
d 2U
ZYU 2U
(
)(
j
L
G
j
C
U
2
dx
2
d I (G jC )( R jL) I ZYI 2 I
dx 2
d 2 I
(G jC )( R jL) I
2
dx
d 2 I
dU
2 (G jC )
dx
dx
19
in p & dng in (2)
d 2U
ZYU 2U
(
R
j
L
)(
G
j
C
)
U
dx 2
2
d I (G jC )( R j L) I ZYI 2 I
dx 2
( ) ( R jL)(G jC ) ( ) j ( )
Z R j L
Y G j C
p2 2 0
U ( x) A1e x A 2 ex
I ( x) B1e x B 2 ex
(h s truyn sng)
p ( j )
A1 , A 2 , B1 , B 2 : Hng s tch phn
20
in p & dng in (3)

dU
ZI
dx

dI YU
dx
U ( x) A1e x A 2 ex
I ( x) B1e x B 2 ex
I 1 * dU ( A e x A ex )
1
2
Z dx Z
Z
: tng tr sng
Zc
dU
ZI
dx

dI YU
dx
U A1e x A 2 ex
A1 x A 2 x
I Z e Z e
c
c
21
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
3.
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Hin tng sng chy
Phn x sng
Biu Smith
Phn b dng hyperbol
Mng hai ca tng ng
Qu trnh qu
22
Hin tng sng chy (1)

U A1e x A 2 ex
A1 x A 2 x
I Z e Z e
c
c
A1 A1e j1
A 2 A2 e j 2
U A1e x e jx j1 A2 ex e jx j 2
A1 x jx j1 j A2 x jx j 2 j
e e
I z e e
zc
c
Z c z c e j
u ( x, t ) 2 A1e x sin(t 1 x) 2 A2 ex sin(t 2 x)
A1 x
A2 x
i ( x, t ) 2 z e sin(t 1 x) 2 z e sin(t 2 x)
c
c
23
Hin tng sng chy (2)

A1 x
A2 x
i
(
x
,
t
)
2
e
sin(
x
)
2
e sin(t 2 x)
z
z
c
c
0
1
y sin(t x) sin( x t )
t 0
y sin x
y0x0
t 2 t
t t
y sin( x t )
y 0 x t 0 x
24
Hin tng sng chy (3)

A1 x
A2 x
i
(
x
,
t
)
2
e
sin(
x
)
2
e sin(t 2 x)
z
z
c
c
0
1
y sin(t x)
25
Hin tng sng chy (4)

A1 x
A2 x
i
(
x
,
t
)
2
e
sin(
x
)
2
e sin(t 2 x)
z
z
c
c
0
1
y sin(t x)
26
Hin tng sng chy (5)

A1 x
A2 x
i
(
x
,
t
)
2
e
sin(
x
)
2
e sin(t 2 x)
z
z
c
c
27
Hin tng sng chy (6)

A1 x
A2 x
i
(
x
,
t
)
2
e
sin(
x
)
2
e sin(t 2 x)
1
zc
zc
28
Hin tng sng chy (7)

u ( x, t ) u ( x, t ) 2 A1e x sin(t 1 x) 2 A2 ex sin(t 2 x)
A1 x
A2 x
i
(
x
,
t
)
2
e
sin(
x
)
2
e sin(t 2 x)
zc
zc
u ( x, t ) u ( x, t ) u ( x, t )
i ( x, t ) i ( x, t ) i ( x, t )
Sng thun
U ( x) U ( x) U ( x) A1e x A 2 ex
( x) U ( x)
I ( x) I ( x) I ( x) Z Z
c
c
Sng ngc
29
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
3.
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Hin tng sng chy
Phn x sng
Biu Smith
Phn b dng hyperbol
Mng hai ca tng ng
Qu trnh qu
30
Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (1)

u ( x, t ) 2 A1e x sin(t 1 x)
( ) Z ( )Y ( ) ( ) j ( )
H s truyn sng = +j
H s suy gim = ()
H s pha = ()
Vn tc truyn sng v() = /
Tng tr sng Z C Z ( ) / Y ( )
31

u ( x, t ) 2 A1e x sin(t 1 x)
( ) ( ) j ( )
2 A1e x
U ( x)
e
U ( x 1)
2 A1e ( x 1)
x+1
e : suy gim bin trn mt n v di

: h s suy gim/h s tt
32

u ( x, t ) 2 A1e x sin(t 1 x)
( ) ( ) j ( )
Ti x : gc pha l t + 1 x
Ti x+1 : gc pha l t + 1 (x + 1) = t + 1 x
(x) (x+1) =
: h s pha/bin thin pha trn mt n v di
33

u ( x, t ) 2 A1e x sin(t 1 x)
( ) ( ) j ( )
sin(t x) = 0
x, t
x
v
t
v : vn tc truyn sng
34

u ( x, t ) 2 A1e x sin(t 1 x)
( ) ( ) j ( )
U U Z
Zc
I
I
Tng tr sng
Nu khng tiu tn
Zc
Y
Z
Z
Y
ZY
j L
L
const
jC
C
35

u ( x, t ) 2 A1e x sin(t 1 x)
(), (), (), v(), Zc(): ph thuc

Cc iu ho c khc nhau s c tc truyn, suy gim,
khc nhau
Nu l mt tng ca cc iu ho tn s khc nhau, sng s c cc
hnh dng khc nhau ti cc v tr khc nhau hin tng mo
36

u ( x, t ) 2 A1e x sin(t 1 x)
Nu , , , v khng ph thuc ?
cc iu ho c khc nhau s c tc truyn, suy gim,
nh nhau
Nu l mt tng ca cc iu ho tn s ging nhau, sng s c
cc hnh dng nh nhau ti cc v tr khc nhau khng mo
37

u ( x, t ) 2 A1e x sin(t 1 x)
Vi iu kin no th , , , v, Zc khng ph thuc ?
R G
L C
L
R
( R jL)(G jC ) R(1 j )G (1 j
L
R
RG (1 j ) 2 RG j RG
RG
L
R
L
RG
R
C
)
G
RG L
LC
38

L
RG j RG
R
RG
R G
Nu
L C
L
RG
R
khng mo
(Pupin ho)
RG L
LC
R
L
R (1 j )
Z
R j L
R R
Zc
C
G
Y
G j C
G (1 j )
G
39

V d: ng dy truyn ti in di u c cc thng s:
R = 10 /km
L = 5 mH/km
C = 4.109 F/km
G = 106 S/km
f1 = 50Hz; f2 = 100MHz
Tnh
Tng tr
Tng dn
H s truyn sng
H s suy gim
H s pha
Tng tr sng
Vn tc truyn sng
40
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
3.
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Hin tng sng chy
Phn x sng
Biu Smith
Phn b dng hyperbol
Mng hai ca tng ng
Qu trnh qu
41
Phn x sng (1)
Sng trn ng dy l tng ca sng ngc & sng thun

Quan nim rng sng ngc l kt qu ca s phn x sng thun
T a ra nh ngha h s phn x:
U ( x)
n( x )
U ( x)
U ( x) U ( x) U ( x)
U ( x) U ( x)
I ( x) Z Z
c
c
1

( x)]
U
(
x
)
[
U
(
x
)
Z
I
U ( x) 1 [U ( x) Z I( x)]
c
I ( x)
I ( x)
U ( x) U ( x) U ( x)

Z
I
(
x
)
U
(
x
)
U
( x)
c
U ( x) U ( x) Z c I( x)
n( x )
U ( x) U ( x) Z c I( x)
42
Phn x sng (2)

U ( x) Z c I( x)
n( x )
U ( x) Z c I( x)
U ( x)
(tng tr vo)
Z ( x)
I ( x)
Z ( x) I( x) Z c I( x) Z ( x) Z c
n( x )
Z ( x) I ( x) Z c I ( x) Z ( x) Z c
Cui ng dy:
Z2 Zc
n2
Z2 Zc
u ng dy:
Z1 Z c
n1
Z1 Z c
Z2 : ti cui ng dy
Z1 : ti u ng dy
Cc h s phn x ph thuc R, L, C, G, , Z1 & Z2

43
Phn x sng (3)

Z 2 Z c U
n2

Z 2 Z c U
Nu Z2 = Zc n2 = 0 khng c phn x ho hp ti
Z 2 Z c U Z c Z c
n2

0 U n2U 0
Z 2 Z c U
Zc Zc
Nu h mch, Z2 n2 = 1 phn x ton phn

Z 2 Z c U
n2
1 U n2U U
Z 2 Z c U
Nu ngn mch, Z2 = 0 n2 = 1 phn x ton phn & i du

Z 2 Z c U 0 Z c
n2

1 U n2U U
Z 2 Z c U
0 Zc
44
Phn x sng (4)

Z 2 Z c U
n2

Z 2 Z c U
Nu Z2 = Zc n2 = 0 khng c phn x ho hp ti
n2 = 0 U 0 khng c sng phn x
U ( x) U ( x) U ( x) U ( x) U 0 e x
( x) U x
U
I( x) I ( x) I ( x) I ( x)
0e
Zc
Zc
45
Phn x sng (5)

V d: ng dy di u c cc thng s:
R=0
L = 5 mH/km
C = 4.109 F/km
G=0
Ti cui dy Z2 = 1 k
in p cui dy U2 = 220 kV
Tnh
Sng in p ti cui ng dy
Sng in p phn x cui ng dy
46
Phn x sng (6)

Z ( x) Z c
n( x )
Z ( x) Z c
?
n(x) Z(x)
?
Z(x) n(x)
Dng my tnh
Dng biu Smith
47
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Hin tng sng chy
Phn x sng
Biu Smith
Phn b dng hyperbol
Mng hai ca tng ng
3. Qu trnh qu
48
Biu Smith (1)

Biu din phc ca tng tr trn mt phng to ca h
s phn x
Im{n}
1
Re{n}
49
Biu Smith (2)

Z ( x) Z c
n( x )
Z ( x) Z c
1 n( x )
Z ( x) Z c
1 n( x )
Z ( x)
z ( x)
t
Zc
1 n( x )
z ( x)
1 n( x )
(Tng tr chun ho)
Re{z ( x)} j Im{z ( x)}
1 Re{n( x)} j Im{n( x)}

1 Re{n( x)} j Im{n( x)}
1 Re 2{n( x)} Im 2{n( x)} j 2 Im{n( x)}
1 Re{n( x)}
Im 2{n( x)}
50
Biu Smith (3)

Re{z ( x)} j Im{z ( x)}
1 Re 2{n( x)} Im 2{n( x)} j 2 Im{n( x)}
Re{z ( x)}
1 Re{n( x)}
Im 2{n( x)}
1 Re2{n( x)} Im 2{n( x)}

2
1
Re{
n
(
x
)}
Im
{n( x)}
Re{z ( x)} Re{n( x)} 1 Re 2 ({n( x)} 1
Re{z ( x)}Im 2{n( x)} Im 2{n( x)}
(= 0)
1
1
0
1 Re{z ( x)} 1 Re{z ( x)}
Re{z ( x)}
Re{z ( x)}
2
Im {n( x)}
Re{n( x)}
1 Re{z ( x)}
1 Re{z ( x)}
51
Biu Smith (4)

Re{z ( x)} j Im{z ( x)}
1 Re 2{n( x)} Im 2{n( x)} j 2 Im{n( x)}
1 Re{n( x)}
Im 2{n( x)}
Re{z ( x)}
Re{z ( x)}
Re{n( x)}
Im 2 {n( x)}
1 Re{z ( x)}
1 Re{z ( x)}
1
1
2
2
Re{n( x)} 1 Im{n( x)}
Im{z ( x)}
Im {z ( x)}
52
Biu Smith (5)

2
Re{z ( x)}
Re{z ( x)}
Re{n( x)}
Im 2 {n( x)}
1
Re{
(
)}
1
Re{
(
)}
z
x
z
x
1
,
0
Phng trnh ca ng trn c tm
& bn knh
1 Re{z ( x)}
1
Re{
z
(
x
)}
r Re{z ( x)}
53
Biu Smith (6)

2
Re{n( x)} 1 Im{n( x)} 1 2 1

Im{z ( x)}
Im {z ( x)}
1
1
1
,
Phng trnh ca ng trn c tm
& bn knh
Im{z ( x)}
z
x
Im{
(
)}
s Im{z ( x)}
54
Biu Smith (7)

1. Chun ho tng tr
Z ( x)
z ( x)
Re{z ( x)} j Im{z ( x)}
Zc
2. Tm vng trn ng vi in tr chun ho Re{z(x)}
3. Tm cung trn ng vi in khng chun ho Im{z(x)}
4. Giao im ca vng trn & cung trn l h s phn x
VD: Z(x) = 25 + j100 , Zc = 50 ; n(x) = ?

55
Biu Smith (8)

VD: Z(x) = 25 + j100 , Zc = 50 ; n(x) = ?
1. Chun ho
z(x) = (25 + j100)/50 = 0,5 + j2

2. Tm vng trn ng vi
in tr chun ho 0,5
3. Tm cung trn ng vi
in khng chun ho 2
4. Giao im ca vng trn
& cung trn l h s phn x
n(x) = 0,52 + j0,64

56
57
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Hin tng sng chy
Phn x sng
Biu Smith
Phn b dng hyperbol
Mng hai ca tng ng
3. Qu trnh qu
58
Phn b dng hyperbol (1)

Nghim ca h phng trnh vi phn c vit di dng
(t hp ca cc) hm lng gic hyperbol
Cc hm hyperbol :
x
e e
sh x
2
ch x
e e
2
th x
e x e x
x
e e
coth x
e x e x
e x e x
Mt s cng thc :
ch 2 x sh 2 x 1
(sh x) ' ch x
sh( x y ) sh x ch y ch x sh y
(ch x) ' sh x
ch( x y ) ch x ch y sh x sh y
59

e3 e 3 20,09 0,050
10,02
sh (3)
2
2
e x e x
sh x
2
e j cos j sin
[cos(3) j sin(3)] [cos( 3) j sin( 3)]

e j 3 e j 3
sh( j 3)
2
2
j 2sin(3)
j 0,14
2
e 4 j 3 e 4 j 3 e 4 e j 3 e 4 e j 3
sh(4 j 3)
2
2
e 4 [cos(3) j sin(3)] e 4 [cos( 3) j sin( 3)]
2
27,02 j 3,85
60

dU
ZI
dx

dI YU
dx
Vit nghim U (ca h phng trnh vi phn) dng hyperbol:

U ( x) M ch x N sh x
(M, N l cc hng s phc)
1 dU
1
1
M sh x N ch x
I ( x) .
M sh x N ch x
Z dx
Z
Zc
( x) 1 M sh x N ch x
I
Zc
61

( x) 1 M sh x N ch x
I
Zc
Gi p & dng ti gc to (x = 0) l U 0 & I0

U 0 M ch 0 N sh 0 M
1
N
I
(
M
sh
0
N
ch
0)
0
Zc
Zc
U ( x) U 0 ch x Z c I0 sh x
I ( x) U 0 sh x I ch x
0
Zc
62

U 0
sh x I0 ch x
I ( x)
Zc
Nu bit dng & p u ng dy nn gn gc to u ng dy
I1
U 1
I2
I(x)
U 2
U (x)
U ( x) U1 ch x Z c I1 sh x
U1
I ( x) sh x I1 ch x
Zc
63

U 0
sh x I0 ch x
I ( x)
Zc
Nu bit dng & p cui ng dy nn gn gc to cui ng dy
I1
U 1
I2
I(x' )
U 2
U (x' )
U ( x) U 2 ch ( x ') Z c I2 sh ( x ')
U 2
sh ( x ') I2 ch ( x ')
I ( x)
Zc
U ( x) U 2 ch x ' Z c I2 sh x '
U
( x) 2 sh x ' I ch x '
I
2
Z
c
64

U 0
sh x I0 ch x
I ( x)
Zc
Nu bit dng & p cui ng dy nn gn gc to cui ng dy

U ( x) U 2 ch x ' Z c I2 sh x '
U 2
sh x ' I2 ch x '
I ( x)
Zc
Nu quy c trc to hng t cui ln u ng dy th:
U 2
sh x I2 ch x
I ( x)
Zc
I1
U 1
I(x)
I2
U 2
U (x)
65

U ( x ) U 2 ch x Z c I2 sh x
U 2
I ( x ) Z sh x I 2 ch x
c
U1 U 2 ch l Z c I2 sh l
U 2
I1 Z sh l I 2 ch l
c
66

V d 1: ng dy di u c cc thng s:
R=0
L = 5 mH/km
C = 4.109 F/km
G=0
l = 100 km
Ti cui dy Z2 = 1 k
in p cui dy U2 = 220 V
Vit phn b p & dng dc theo ng dy dng hm

hyperbol
Tnh in p u dy
67

V d 2: ng dy di u c cc thng s:
R = 0,3 /km
L = 5 mH/km
C = 4.109 F/km
G=0
l = 100 km
Ti cui dy Z2 = 1 k
in p cui dy U2 = 220 V
Tnh dng in u dy
68

U 2
I
(
x
)
sh x I2 ch x
Zc
U 2 ch x Z c I2 sh x
Z ( x)
U 2
sh x I2 ch x
Zc
Z 2 I2 ch x Z c I2 sh x
Z 2 I2
sh x I2 ch x
Zc
U ( x)
Tng tr vo Z ( x)
I ( x)
I(x)
Z (x)
U (x)
I2
U 2
Zc
Zc
Z 2 ch x Z c sh x
Z 2 sh x Z c ch x
Z 2 Z c th x
Z 2 th x Z c
69

U 2
I
(
x
)
sh x I2 ch x
Zc
Tng tr vo Z ( x) Z c
I(x)
Z 2 Z c th x
Z 2 th x Z c
Z2 = 0 Zngn mch = Zcth(l)
Z (x)
I2
U (x)
U 2
Z2 Zh mch = Zc/th(l)
Z2 = Zc Z(x) = Z2
Z ngn mch Z c th l
Z h mch Z c / th l
Z c Z ngn mch Z h mch
70
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Hin tng sng chy
Phn x sng
Biu Smith
Phn b dng hyperbol
Mng hai ca tng ng
3. Qu trnh qu
71
ng dy di u khng tiu tn (1)
Trong k thut, tiu tn ca ng dy thng rt nh

R << L, G << C
Mt cch gn ng coi R = 0, G = 0
ng dy di u khng tiu tn:
thng s (L & C) khng i dc ng dy &
R = 0, G = 0
Cc bi ton:
Thng s
H phng trnh & nghim
Dng sng
72

( ) Z ( )Y ( )
H s truyn sng
H s suy gim = 0
LC
H s pha
Vn tc truyn sng
jL. jC j LC j
j LC
khng suy gim
t l thun vi
LC
LC
khng ph thuc tt c cc iu ho lan truyn cng vn tc khng mo

Tng tr sng
Zc
j L
L
j C
C
l s thc & khng ph thuc
73

i
u
x Ri L t
i Gu C u
x
t
d 2U
2 ( R jL)(G jC )U
dx
2
d I (G jC )( R jL) I
dx 2
i
u
x L t
i C u
x
t
d 2U
2
LCU
2
dx
2
d I 2 LCI
dx 2
74

U 2
I ( x) Z sh x I 2 ch x
c
= j
Zc = zc
U ( x) U 2 ch ( j x) Z c I2 sh ( j x)
I ( x) U 2 sh ( j x) I ch ( j x)
2
z
c
e j x e j x cos( x) j sin( x) cos( x) j sin( x)

ch( j x)
cos x
2
2
e j x e j x cos( x) j sin( x) cos( x) j sin( x)
sh( j x)
j sin x
2
2
Xt cc trng hp:
U ( x) U 2 cos x jzc I2 sin x
U
( x) j 2 sin x I cos x
I
2
z
c
H mch u ra
Ngn mch u ra
Ti u ra thun tr
75

U 2
I ( x) j z sin x I 2 cos x
c
U ( x) U 2 cos x
Nu I2 0
U 2
I ( x) j sin x
(h mch u ra)
zc
U ( x) U 2 cos x
U2
I
x
(
)
sin x
zc
Tr hiu dng
C nhng im (nt) c nh m ti tr hiu dng bng khng

76

U 2
c
u ( x, t ) 2U 2 cos x sin t
U ( x) U 2 cos x
Nu I2 0
U2
U2
I
x
j
x
(
)
sin
(
,
)
2
sin
sin(
)
x
t
i
x
t
(h mch u ra)
zc
2
zc
77

U 2
c
Nu U 2 0
Nu I2 0
(ngn mch u ra)
(h mch u ra)
U ( x) U 2 cos x
U2
(
)
sin x
I
x
zc
U ( x) zc I 2 sin x
I ( x) I 2 cos x
u ( x, t ) 2U 2 cos x sin t
U2
(
,
)
2
sin
sin(
i
x
t
x
t
2
zc
u
x
t
z
I
x
t
(
,
)
2
sin
sin(
c 2
2
i ( x, t ) 2 I cos x sin t
78
Nu Z2 = r2
(thun tr)
U 2 U 2 0
U 2
c
U
z
U ( x) U 2 cos x jzc 2 sin x U 2 (cos x j c sin x)
r2
r2
zc r2 zc r2
z r
1 c 2 1 m
r2
r2
r2
U ( x) U 2 [cos x j (1 m) sin x] U ( x) U 22 [cos 2 x (1 m) 2 sin 2 x]
U ( x) U 22 [cos 2 x sin 2 x (m 2 2m) sin 2 x]

m 2 2m
U [1 (
)(1 cos 2 x)]
2
m 2 2m zc2 r22
t k
2
2r22
2
2
U ( x) U 2 1 k (1 cos 2 x)
79

Z2 = r2
Z 2 Z c r2 zc U

n2
Z 2 Z c r2 zc U
U ( x) U 2 1 k (1 cos 2 x)
, zc
L/C
m 2 2m zc2 r22
,k
2
2r22
U(x)
n2 0
r2 zc
k 0
n2 0
r2 zc
k 0
U 2 1 2k
U2
n2 0
r2 zc
k 0
U 2 1 2k
0
80

U 2
c
U 2 cos x jzc I2 sin x

Tng tr vo Z ( x)
U
j 2 sin x I2 cos x
zc
U 2 Z 2 I2
Z 2 I2 cos x jzc I2 sin x

Z jzc tg x
Z ( x)
zc 2
Z 2 I2
zc jZ 2 tg x
j
sin x I2 cos x
zc
Nu Z2 = zc (ho hp ti) Z(x) = zc

Nu Z2 (h mch cui dy) Z(x) = jzccotgx
Nu Z2 = 0 (ngn mch cui dy) Z(x) = jzctgx
81

Z(x)
Z(x)
/4
/2
/2
/4
H mch cui dy
Ngn mch cui dy
Z(x) = jzccotgx
Z(x) = jzctgx
82
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Hin tng sng chy
Phn x sng
Biu Smith
Phn b dng hyperbol
Mng hai ca tng ng
3. Qu trnh qu
83
Mng hai ca tng ng (1)

Quan tm n truyn t dng & p gia 2 u ng dy
xy dng mng hai ca tng ng c thng s tp
trung, s T &
a v h phng trnh dng A (l l chiu di ng dy):
U1 ch l U 2 Z c sh l I2 A11U 2 A12 I2
sh l
U 2
sh x I 2 ch x
I1
U 2 ch l I2 A21U 2 A22 I2
I ( x)
Zc
Zc
Mng tng h : A11A22 A12A21 = 1

Mng i xng : A11 = A22
84

sh l
A21U 2 A22 I2
U 2 ch l I2
I1
Zc
1
1
Z n A Z c sh l
21
Z Z A11 1 Z ch l 1
d2
c
d1
A
sh l
21
Z d A12 Z c sh l
sh l
A12
Z n1 Z n 2 A 1 Z c ch l 1

11
85

sh l
A21U 2 A22 I2
U 2 ch l I2
I1
Zc
Z vo
U1 A11U 2 A12 I2
I
A21U 2 A22 I2
1
Z vo
U 2 Z 2 I2
Z1
Zc
Z ch x Z c sh x
A11Z 2 A12
Zc 2
A21Z 2 A22
Z 2 sh x Z c ch x
Zc
Z2
Z 2 Z c th l
Z 2 th l Z c
Z1
Z vo
86
VD1
R = 3 /km; L = 5 mH/km; C = 4.109 F/km; G = 0;

l = 100 km; Z1 = 50; Z2 = 500; E = 220kV. Tnh
cng sut ca ngun?
PE Re EI
1
Z1
Z2
(3 j 314.5.103 )( j 314.4.109 ) 0, 0011 j 0,0018 (1/km)

Z c (3 j 314.5.103 ) /( j 314.4.109 ) 1405 j850
U1 ch l U 2 Z c sh l I2
sh l
U 2 ch l I2
I1
Zc
Z1I1 U1 E ; U 2 Z 2 I2
U 2
220 50 I1 ch[(0,0011 j 0,0018)100]U 2 Z c sh[(0,0011 j 0,0018)100] 500
I sh[(0,0011 j 0,0018)100] U ch[(0,0011 j 0,0018)100] U 2

2
1
1405 j850
500
87
VD1
R = 3 /km; L = 5 mH/km; C = 4.109 F/km; G = 0;

l = 100 km; Z1 = 50; Z2 = 500; E = 220kV. Tnh
cng sut ca ngun?
PE Re EI
1
Z1
Z2
Cch 1
U 2
220 50 I1 ch[(0,0011 j 0,0018)100]U 2 Z c sh[(0,0011 j 0,0018)100] 500
I sh[(0,0011 j 0,0018)100] U ch[(0,0011 j 0, 0018)100] U 2

2
1
1405 j850
500
U 2 125 j 25,6 kV
I1 0, 25 j 0,030 kA
PE Re 220(0, 25 j 0, 030) 55,50 MW
88
VD1
R = 3 /km; L = 5 mH/km; C = 4.109 F/km; G = 0;

l = 100 km; Z1 = 50; Z2 = 500; E = 220kV. Tnh
cng sut ca ngun?
PE Re EI
1
Z vo
I1
Z1
Z2
Cch 2
Z 2 Z c th l
Zc
810 j103
Z 2 th l Z c
220
0, 25 j 0,030 kA
50 810 j103
Z1
Z
E vo
PE Re 220(0, 25 j 0,030) 55,50 MW
89
VD2
Zc1 = 100 + j200 ; 1 = 0,001 + j0,002; l1 = 100 km;

Zc2 = 300 ; 2 = j0,004; l2 = 150 km; Z1 = 50;
Z3 = 500; E = 220kV. Tnh dng in qua ngun?
U1 ch 1l1 U 2 Z c1 sh 1l1 I2
sh 1l1
U 2 ch 1l1 I2
I1
Z c1
U 2 ch 2l2 U 3 Z c 2 sh 2l2 I3
sh 2l2
I
U 3 ch 2l2 I3
2
Zc2
Z1I1 U1 E ; U 3 Z 3 I3
Z1
U1
Z c1
U 2
Zc2
U 3 Z 3
Cch 1
E Z1I1 ch 1l1 U 2 Z c1 sh 1l1 I2
I sh 1l1 U ch l I
1 1 2
2
1
Z c1
U 3
U 2 ch 2l2 U 3 Z c 2 sh 2l2 Z
3
sh 2l2
U 3
U 3 ch 2l2
I2
Z
Z3
c2
I1 0,76 j 0,17 A
90
VD2
Zc1 = 100 + j200 ; 1 = 0,001 + j0,002; l1 = 100 km;

Zc2 = 300 ; 2 = j0,004; l2 = 150 km; Z1 = 50;
Z3 = 500; E = 220kV. Tnh dng in qua ngun?
Z1
U1
Z c1
U 2
Zc2
U 3 Z 3
Cch 2
Z vo 2 Z c 2
Z vo Z c1
I1
Z 3 Z c 2 th 2l2
319 j159
Z 3 th 2l2 Z c 2
Z1
Z vo 2 Z c1 th 1l1
227 j 61
Z vo 2 th 1l1 Z c1
E
0,76 j 0,17 A
Z1 Z vo
Z c1
Z vo 2
Z1
Z vo
91
VD3
Z ca
U 3a Z 3a
Tnh dng in qua ngun?

U1 ch 1l1 U 2 Z c1 sh 1l1 I2
sh 1l1
U 2 ch 1l1 I2
I1
Z c1
Z c1
Z1
Cch 1
U1
U 2 ch a la U 3a Z ca sh a la I3a
sh a la
U 3a ch a la I3a
I 2a
Z ca
U 2
U 3b Z 3b
Z cb
U 2 ch blb U 3b Z cb sh blb I3b
sh blb
I
U 3b ch blb I3b
2b
Z cb
Z1I1 U1 E ; U 3a Z 3a I3a ; U 3b Z 3b I3b

I2 I2 a I2b
92
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
3. Qu trnh qu
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Phng php Ptcsn
Phn x nhiu ln
ng ct ti
Phn b & truyn sng
93
Khi nim
Qu trnh xut hin sau khi thay i cu trc & thng s
ng ct hai u dy
t dy
St
sng chy trn ng dy

Ch xt ng dy khng tiu tn
M hnh:
i
u
x L t
i C u
x
t
94
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
3. Qu trnh qu
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Phng php Ptcsn
Phn x nhiu ln
ng ct ti
Phn b & truyn sng
95
in p & dng in (1)

i
u
L
x
t
i C u
x
t
f ( x, t )
t
pF ( x, p ) f ( x,0)
dU ( x, p )
pLI ( x, p ) Li ( x,0)
dx
dI ( x, p ) pCU ( x, p ) Cu ( x,0)
dx
Nu s kin khc zero th kh tnh ton ch xt s kin zero
dU ( x, p )
pLI ( x, p )
dx
dI ( x, p ) pCU ( x, p )
dx
2
1 dU ( x, p )
dI ( x, p )
1 d U ( x, p )
*
*
pL
dx
dx
pL
dx 2
1 dI ( x, p)
dU ( x, p)
1 d 2 I ( x, p )
U ( x, p )
*
*
pC
dx
dx
pC
dx 2
I ( x, p )
d 2U ( x, p )
2
p
LCU ( x, p )
2
dx
2
dI ( x, p ) p 2 LCI ( x, p )
dx 2
96
in p & dng in (2)

d 2U ( x, p)
p 2 LCU ( x, p )
2
dx
2
dI ( x, p) p 2 LCI ( x, p)
dx 2
p LC
d 2U ( x, p )
2
U ( x, p )
dx 2
2
dI ( x, p ) 2 I ( x, p )
dx 2
d 2U
2
U A1e x A 2 ex
U
2
dx
2
A1 x A 2 x
d I 2 I
I Z e Z e
c
c
dx 2
U ( x, p ) A1 ( x, p )e p LC x A2 ( x, p )e p LC x
A1
A2
p LC x
p LC x
I
x
p
(
,
)
e
e
L/C
L/C
97
in p & dng in (3)

U ( x, p ) A1 ( x, p )e p LC x A2 ( x, p )e p LC x
A2
A1
p LC x
p LC x
I
(
x
,
p
)
e
e
L/C
L/C
A1 ( x, p )e p LC x a1 (t LC x)
Theo nh l tr:
A2 ( x, p )e p LC x a2 (t LC x)
1
LC
v
t
L/C z
c
x
x
x
x
u ( x, t ) a1 (t v ) a2 (t v ) u (t v ) u (t v )
i ( x, t ) 1 u (t x ) 1 u (t x ) i (t x ) i (t x )
zc
v
zc
v
v
v
98
in p & dng in (4)

x
x
x
x
u
t
u
x
t
a
t
a
t
u
t
(
,
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
1
2
v
v
v
v
i ( x, t ) 1 u (t x ) 1 u (t x ) i (t x ) i (t x )
v
zc
v
v
v
zc
x
x
0 v
v
t
i+
i
u
1
LC
u+
u-
i-
99
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
3. Qu trnh qu
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Phng php Ptcsn
Phn x nhiu ln
ng ct ti
Phn b & truyn sng
100
Phng php Ptcsn (1)
uti
zc
u2
i2
zt
uti
zc
u2
i2
zt
101
Phng php Ptcsn (2)

u ( x, t ) u u
i
(
x
,
t
)
i
i
u2 u2ti u2 phn x
i2 i2ti i2 phn x
uti zciti
u phn x zci phn x
zci2 u2ti u2 phn x
2u2ti zci2 u2
uti
zc
u2
i2
zt
t=0
zc
2uti
i2
zt
u2
102
Phng php Ptcsn (3)

uti
zc
i2
zt
2u2ti zci2 u2 u2
u2ti
t=0
zc
2uti
i2
zt
u2 px u2 u2ti
u2 px
i2 px i2ti i2
zc
x'
u2 px ( x' , t ) u2 px (t )
v
x'
i2 px ( x' , t ) i2 px (t )
v
u2 px (0, t )
i2 px (0, t )
0
103
VD1
Phng php Ptcsn (4)
Tnh i2 & u2 ?
400
100 kV
i2
600
104
Phng php Ptcsn (5)
VD2
Tnh dng & p trn ti?

200
p
I ( p)
0,005 p 400 600
400
600
400
uJ Li ' ri
200 kV
5 2.105 t
5.10 .0, 2(2.10 e

120 80e
u ( x, t ) 20 80e
5 mH
) 600.0, 2(1 e
2.105 t
600
kV
u u J uti 120 80e
t=0
i (t ) 0, 2(1 e 200000t ) kA
2.105 t
5 mH
100 kV
4.104
kA
5
p( p 2.10 )
2.105 t
2.105 ( t x / v )
100 20 80e
kV
2.105 t
kV
105
Phng php Ptcsn (6)

Hai ng dy c tng tr sng zc1, zc2 ni tip nhau?
zc1
zc2
zt
uti
t=0
zc1
2uti
zc2
Tnh ton ti im tip gip:

Khi sng lan truyn trn ng dy 2 & cha ti cui dy, n l duy nht, c quan h:
u2 = zc2i2
trn ton ng dy, k c ch tip gip
Mt khc khi p dng p/p Ptcsn:
u2 = Z2i2
coi ng dy 2 l mt ti tp trung zc2 = Z2

106
VD3
Phng php Ptcsn (7)
U = 1000 kV; zc1 = 1000 ; zc2 = 400 ;

zt = 600.Tnh p & dng khc x &
phn x ti im ni?
zc1
uti
zc2
zt
107
Phng php Ptcsn (8)

J
zc1
uti
zc2
t=0
zt2
zc1
2uti
uJ
zc3
zc2
zc3
zt3
i1 i2 i3
uJ
i2
Zc2
uJ
i3
Z c3
1
1
1
1
uJ
uJ
1 uJ
i1
uJ
Z c 2 Z c3 Z J
Zc2 Zc3
Zc2 Zc3 Z J
108
Phng php Ptcsn (9)

J
zc1
uti
zc2
zt
t=0
zc1
2uti
J
zc2
uJ uL uK
u L Z Li
u J Z L i Z c 2i ( Z L Z c 2 )i Z J i
u K Z c 2i
Z J Z L Zc2
109
Phng
VD4
Tnh UJ, UJ , i, i+, i
php Ptcsn (10)

500
1000
200000
p
I ( p)
kA
0,005 p 500 300 p( p 160000)
300
5mH
zt
500kV
i (t ) 1, 25(1 e 160000t ) kA
uJ uL uc 2 Li ' Z c 2i
3
5.10 .1, 25(160000e
t=0
160000 t
) 300.1, 25(1 e
375 625e 160000t kV
125 625e 160000t kV

u
500
1kA
i ti
Z c1 500
500
uJ uJ uti 375 625e 160000t 500
160000 t
1000kV
5mH
J
300
uJ 125 625e 160000t

i
0, 25 1, 25e 160000t kA
Z c1
500
110
Phng php Ptcsn (11)
111
Phng php Ptcsn (12)

Ti
t = 0 tp trung
J
zc1
uti
Ti
tp trung
zc2
zc1
zt
2uti
J
zc2
112
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
3. Qu trnh qu
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Phng php Ptcsn
Phn x nhiu ln
ng ct ti
Phn b & truyn sng
113
Phn x nhiu ln (1)

Xt ng dy di c u 1 ni vi my pht, u 2
khng ti. Ti thi im zero my pht a vo ng
dy mt in p U khng i
n1 = 1, n2 = 1
114
Phn x nhiu ln (2)

Trng hp n gin (h mch cui ng dy), vic
xc nh p & dng ti mt v tr & thi im tng i
n gin
Trng hp cui ng dy c ti?
Gii php: s li mt co
115
Phn x nhiu ln (3)
VD1
l = 1,6 km; Zc = 50 ; v = 1,6.108 m/s;

Z1 = 0; Z2 = 200 ; U+ = 1 kV
Tnh p & dng ti t = 55 s & x = l/4
Z1 Z c 0 50
1
Z1 Z c 0 50
Z Z c 200 50
0,6
n2 2
Z 2 Z c 200 50
n1
tlan truyn
l 1, 6.103

10s
v 1, 6.108
U 1000
20 A
i
Zc
50
n1 = 1
0
x (km)
n2 = 0,6
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
u n2u 0, 6.1 0, 6 kV
1,6 km
i n2i 0, 6.20 12 A
90
100
t (s)
S li mt co
t (s)
116
VD1
Phn x nhiu ln (4)
l = 1,6 km; Zc = 50 ; v = 1,6.108 m/s;

Z1 = 0; Z2 = 200 ; U+ = 1 kV
Tnh p & dng ti t = 55 s & x = l/4
1,6 km
n1 = 1
0
n2 = 0,6
10
20
l
u (55 s, ) 1000
4
600
600
40
360
360
70
1000 V
x (km)
30
50
60
80
90
100
t (s)
S li mt co
t (s)
117
VD2
Phn x nhiu ln (5)
l = 1,6 km; Zc = 50 ; v = 1,6.108 m/s;

Z1 = 0; Z2 = 200 ; U+ = 1 kV
Tnh p & dng ti t = 60 s & x = l/4
l
u (60 s, ) 1000
4
600
600
360
360
216
1216 V
1,6 km
n1 = 1
0
x (km)
n2 = 0,6
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
t (s)
S li mt co
t (s)
118
VD1
Phn x nhiu ln (6)
l = 1,6 km; Zc = 50 ; v = 1,6.108 m/s;

Z1 = 0; Z2 = 200 ; U+ = 1 kV
Tnh p & dng ti t = 55 s & x = l/4
l
i (55 s, )
4
1,6 km
n1 = 1
0
n2 = 0,6
10
20
20
30
12
40
12
7,2
7, 2
50
10, 4 A
x (km)
60
70
80
90
100
t (s)
S li mt co
t (s)
119
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
3. Qu trnh qu
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Phng php Ptcsn
Phn x nhiu ln
ng ct ti
Phn b & truyn sng
120
ng ct ti (1)
ng ti cui ng dy
Ct ti cui ng dy
ng ti gia ng dy
121
ng ct ti (2)
ut U u
ut Z t it
Z t it U Z c i
U
Z t it U Z c it it
Zc Zt
u Z ci
it i i
i 0
it 0 i i
u Z ci
U
Zc Zt
Zc
U
Zc Zt
122
ng ct ti (3)
Z2 Zc
n2
Z2 Zc
Z2
n2 1
i2
n2
i2
i2 i2
i2 I
i2 I
u 2 Z c i2 Z c I
123
ng ct ti (4)
i i
Do tnh i xng quanh A nn:
u u
Ti A:
it (i i ) 2i 2i
ut Rt it U 0 u U 0 u
2 Rt i U 0 u
u Z ci
2 Rt i U 0 Z c i
U0
i i
2 Rt Z c
U 0Zc
u u Z ci
2 Rt Z c
124
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
3. Qu trnh qu
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Phng php Ptcsn
Phn x nhiu ln
ng ct ti
Phn b & truyn sng
i. Khi nim
ii. ng dy v hn/ti ho hp
iii. ng dy hu hn
125
Khi nim (1)

i vi ng dy di khng tiu tn:
Vn tc khng i
Khng suy gim
Tnh bng quy tc Ptcsn
Nu khng th b qua tiu tn:

Vn tc thay i
Suy gim
Khng vit c nghim dng f(x vt)
bi ton truyn & phn b sng qu trn ng

dy di h s hng
Dng ton t Laplace
126
Khi nim (2)

Xt ng dy di u, chiu di l, p kch thch u ng dy l
u1(t) = u(0,t), c m hnh ho bng h:
dU ( x, p )
( R pL) I ( x, p) Z ( p ) I ( x, p )
U (0, p ) U1 ( p )
dx
( ) , s kin
U (l , p ) Z 2 ( p ) I (l , p )
dI ( x, p ) (G pC )U ( x, p ) Y ( p)U ( x, p)
dx
dU
( x) U ch x Z I sh x
0
c 0
ZI
c nghim
bit h dx
U 0
sh x I0 ch x
I ( x)
d
I
Zc
YU
dx
U ( x, p ) U1 ( p ) ch ( p ) x Z c ( p ) I1 ( p ) sh ( p ) x
Suy ra () c nghim: I ( x, p) U ( p) sh ( p) x I ( p) ch ( p) x
1
1
Z
(
p
)
c
trong
( p ) Z ( p)Y ( p) , Z c ( p )
Z ( p)
Y ( p)
127
Khi nim (3)

U ( x, p ) U1 ( p ) ch ( p ) x Z c ( p ) I1 ( p ) sh ( p ) x
sh ( p ) x
I
(
x
,
p
)
U
(
p
)
I1 ( p ) ch ( p ) x
1
Zc ( p)
U 2 ( p ) U1 ch l Z c ( p ) I1 sh l
sh l
I1 ch l )
U 2 ( p ) U1 ch l Z c ( p ) I1 sh l Z 2 (U1
sh l
I
(
p
)
I
ch
l
Zc
1
1
2
Zc
Z2
U1 Z c ch l Z 2 sh l U1 ch l Z 2* sh l
I1 ( p )
*
*
Z c Z 2 ch l Z c sh l Z c Z 2* ch l sh l
vi Z 2* ( p )
Z 2 ( p)
Z c ( p)
Z 2* ch (l x) sh (l x)
U
(
x
,
p
)
U
(
p
)
1
Z 2* ch l sh l
I ( x, p ) U1 ( p ) * Z 2* ch (l x) sh (l x)
Zc ( p)
Z 2* ch l sh l
128
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
3. Qu trnh qu
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Phng php Ptcsn
Phn x nhiu ln
ng ct ti
Phn b & truyn sng
i. Khi nim
iii. ng dy hu hn
129
ng dy di v hn/ti ho hp (1)
Di v hn: l
Ti ho hp: Z2*(p) = 1
(Z2 = Zc)
Z 2* ch (l x) sh (l x)
U ( x, p) U1 ( p )
Z 2* ch l sh l
I ( x, p ) U1 ( p) * Z 2* ch (l x) sh (l x)
Zc ( p)
Z 2* ch l sh l
U ( x, p ) U1 ( p )e x U1 ( p )e x ( pL R )( pC G )
U1 ( p) x
pC G x ( pL R )( pC G )
I ( x, p ) Z ( p ) e U1 ( p ) pL R e
c
130
U1 ( p ) x
I
(
x
,
p
)
e
U
(
p
)
e
1
pL R
Z c ( p)
Xt cc trng hp:
Khng tiu tn:
( p ) p LC , Z c ( p )
Khng mo:
R G

L C
Dy cp:
L=G=0
L
C
131
U1 ( p ) x
I
(
x
,
p
)
e
U
(
p
)
e
1
pL R
Z c ( p)
Khng tiu tn: ( p) p LC , Z c ( p )
U ( x, p ) U 1 ( p ) e p
LC x
L
C
u ( x, t ) u1 (t x LC ), t x LC
C
i ( x, t )
u1 (t x LC ), t x LC
L
132
U1 ( p ) x
I
(
x
,
p
)
e
U
(
p
)
e
1
pL R
Z c ( p)
Khng mo:
R
G
p
p
L
p
(
)
(
)
(
)C ( p ) LC
L
C
Z ( p ) pL R L
c
pC G
C
R G

L C
U ( x, p ) U1 ( p )e ( p )
LC x
u ( x , t ) e
i ( x, t )
LC x
C
L
133
U1 ( p ) x
I
(
x
,
p
)
e
U
(
p
)
e
1
pL R
Z c ( p)
Dy cp:
LG 0
( p ) p ( pL R )( pC G )
pL R
R
Z c ( p )
pC G
pC
pRC
Phc tp v vn tc pha & tng tr sng ph thuc tn s

ch xt cc trng hp n gin:
- Kch thch Dirac (t)
- Kch thch Heavyside 1(t)
134
U1 ( p ) x
I
(
x
,
p
)
e
U
(
p
)
e
1
pL R
Z c ( p)
Kch thch Dirac: u1(t) = (t) U1(p) = 1

U ( x, p ) 1e
C
I ( x, p )
R
1
e
p
u ( x, t )
p x LC
pe
p x LC
2
4t
x RC
2 t
x 2 RC
4t
2t
x 2 RC
RC
i ( x, t ) C 2
exp(
)
4t
4t t
x2
135
U1 ( p ) x
I
(
x
,
p
)
e
U
(
p
)
e
1
pL R
Z c ( p)
Kch thch Heavyside: u1(t) = (t) U1(p) = 1/p
U ( x, p )
I ( x, p )
1
e
p
p x LC
C 1
*
e
R
p
p x LC
136
Ni dung
1. Khi nim
2. Ch xc lp iu ho
3. Qu trnh qu
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Khi nim
in p & dng in
Phng php Ptcsn
Phn x nhiu ln
ng ct ti
Phn b & truyn sng
i. Khi nim
iii. ng dy hu hn
137
ng dy hu hn
Dy cp ngn mch
ng dy khng tiu tn c ti thun tr
138

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Duong Day Dai 2013 MK

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Nguyn Cng Phng

Sch tham kho

Khi nim (1)

Khi nim (2)

Khi nim (3)

Khi nim (4)

Mch c thng s tp trung/ng dy ngn

Khi nim (5)

Khi nim (6)

Khi nim (7)

Khi nim (8)

Nghim ph thuc bin kin x = x1, x = x2 & s kin t = t0

Nu R (hoc H, C, G) = f(i,x) th l ng dy khng u

Khi nim (9)

Khi nim (10)

R (/km), L (H/km), C (F/km) & G (S/km) khng i

Khi nim (11)

Khi nim (12)

in p & dng in (1)

in p & dng in (2)

in p & dng in (3)

Hin tng sng chy (1)

Hin tng sng chy (2)

Hin tng sng chy (3)

Hin tng sng chy (4)

Hin tng sng chy (5)

Hin tng sng chy (6)

Hin tng sng chy (7)

Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (1)

Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (2)

e : suy gim bin trn mt n v di

Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (3)

Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (4)

Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (5)

Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (6)

(), (), (), v(), Zc(): ph thuc

Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (7)

Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (8)

Vi iu kin no th , , , v, Zc khng ph thuc ?

Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (9)

Thng s c trng cho s truyn sng (10)

Phn x sng (1)

Sng trn ng dy l tng ca sng ngc & sng thun

Phn x sng (2)

Cc h s phn x ph thuc R, L, C, G, , Z1 & Z2

Phn x sng (3)

Nu h mch, Z2 n2 = 1 phn x ton phn

Nu ngn mch, Z2 = 0 n2 = 1 phn x ton phn & i du

Phn x sng (4)

Phn x sng (5)

Phn x sng (6)

Biu Smith (1)

Biu Smith (2)

(Tng tr chun ho)

Re{z ( x)} j Im{z ( x)}

1 Re{n( x)} j Im{n( x)}

1 Re 2{n( x)} Im 2{n( x)} j 2 Im{n( x)}

Biu Smith (3)

1 Re 2{n( x)} Im 2{n( x)} j 2 Im{n( x)}

1 Re2{n( x)} Im 2{n( x)}

Re{z ( x)} Re{n( x)} 1 Re 2 ({n( x)} 1

Re{z ( x)}Im 2{n( x)} Im 2{n( x)}

Biu Smith (4)