Nguyn Cng Phng

C s l thuyt mch in

Gii thiu (1)

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Gii thiu (2)

H thng in

My in

K thut o

iu khin

in t

Vin thng

K THUT IN
L THUYT MCH

L THUYT TRNG

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Gii thiu (3)

- Dng in
- in p
- Cng sut
-

Tng hp

Phn tch

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Hnh v ca cc phn t mch c bn

Ngun p
Ngun dng
in tr
in cm (cun dy)
in dung (t in)

(Anh/M)
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Chng trnh
L thuyt mch I

Thng s mch
Phn t mch
Mch mt chiu
Mch xoay chiu
Mch ba pha
Qu trnh qu
Khuch i thut ton

L thuyt mch II
Mch phi tuyn
ng dy di
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Sch tham kho

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

C. K. Alexander, M. N. O. Sadiku. Fundamentals of Electric

Circuits. McGraw-Hill, 2001
J. Bird. Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology. Newnes, 2003
W. K. Chen. The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Elsevier, 2004
Nguyn Bnh Thnh, Nguyn Trn Qun, Phm Khc Chng.
C s k thut in. i hc & trung hc chuyn nghip, 1971
J. W. Nilsson, S. A. Riedel. Electric Circuits. Addison-Wesley,
1996
J. OMalley. Theory and Problems of Basic Circuit Analysis.
McGraw-Hill, 1992
A. L. Shenkman. Transient Analysis of Electric Power Circuits
Handbook. Springer, 2005
https://sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn/
C s l thuyt mch in - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

Ni dung
I.

Thng s mch
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

in tch
Dng in
in p
Cng sut
Nng lng

II. Phn t mch

III. Mch mt chiu
IV. Mch xoay chiu
V. Mng hai ca
VI. Mch ba pha
VII.Qu trnh qu
VIII.Khuch i thut ton
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C s l thuyt mch in - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

in tch
Thuc tnh ca cc nguyn t cu to nn vt cht, o
bng coulomb (C)
Q, q
1,602.10 19 C
Lut bo ton in tch: tng i s in tch trong mt
h kn l hng s

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10

Dng in (1)
L bin thin ca in tch theo thi gian, o bng
ampere (A)

dq
i
dt

q idt
t0

A = C/s
C hai dng chnh: mt chiu & xoay chiu

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11

Dng in (2)

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12

Dng in (3)
VD1

V i(t)

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13

in p (1)
dch chuyn in t trong dy dn theo mt hng, cn c mt
cng
Cng ny do mt sut in ng (v d pin) sinh ra

Sut in ng ny gi l in p hoc hiu in th

Hiu in th gia 2 im a & b l cng cn c dch chuyn
mt in tch t a n b

dw
uab
dq

V = J/C = Nm/C

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14

in p (2)
im a c in th uab vn so vi im b, hoc
im a c in th cao hn uab vn so vi im b
uab
a

C hai dng chnh: mt chiu & xoay chiu

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15

Cng sut (1)

L tc tiu th/hp th nng lng theo thi gian, o
bng watt (W)
dw
p
dt
W = J/s
dw dw dq
p

.
dt dq dt
dw
p ui
u
dq
(cng sut tc thi)
dq
i
dt
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16

Cng sut (2)

Du ca cng sut:
Dng (+) : phn t tiu th/hp th cng sut
m (): phn t sinh/pht cng sut

xc nh du ca cng sut?
u

u
i

i
p = +ui

p = ui

p = 0
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17

Cng sut (3)

VD1

Dng in t trong TV
CRT c 1015 in t/giy.
Xc nh V0 dng in
t t cng sut 4W.

q ne 1015 ( 1,6.1019 ) 1,6.104 C

q 1,6.104
i
1,6.104 A
t
1

p
4
p V0i V0
25.000 V
4
i 1,6.10
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18

Nng lng
Kh nng thc hin cng, o bng joule (J)
dw
p
dt

t0

t0

w pdt uidt

Thng dng n v watt-gi (Wh), 1 Wh = 3600 J

Tiu th in ca mt gia nh (5 ngi) trong mt thng (kWh)
T lnh

Bn l

TV

My git

100

100

15

10

120

L vi sng My tnh

25

12

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Radio

8
19

Ni dung
I. Thng s mch
II. Phn t mch
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Ngun p
Ngun dng
Ngun ph thuc
in tr
Cun dy
T

III. Mch mt chiu

IV. Mch xoay chiu
V. Mng hai ca
VI. Mch ba pha
VII.Qu trnh qu
VIII.Khuch i thut ton
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20

Phn t c bn ca mch in
C 2 lp chnh: ch ng & th ng
Ch ng: c kh nng t pht ra nng lng in (v l thuyt l
v tn)
Th ng: khng th t pht ra nng lng in
Ch ng:
Ngun: thit b c th chuyn ho nng lng phi in thnh nng lng
in & ngc li
Ngun p & ngun dng

Th ng:
in tr
Cun dy
T
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21

Ngun p (1)
(l tng) L mt phn t mch c kh nng duy tr mt
in p danh nh trn 2 cc ca u ra, in p ny
khng ph thuc vo dng in chy gia 2 cc

Ni cch khc, in p khng ph thuc vo ti

in p c th khng i (mt chiu) hoc bin thin
(thng l xoay chiu)
in tr trong bng khng (0)
V d: cquy, pin, my pht in
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22

Ngun p (2)
u

Chiu ca mi tn pha trong vng trn biu din chiu

tng ca in p

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23

Ngun dng
(l tng) L mt phn t mch c kh nng duy tr mt
dng in danh nh chy gia 2 cc ca u ra, dng
in ny khng ph thuc vo in trn 2 cc

Ni cch khc, dng in khng ph thuc vo ti

Dng in c th khng i (mt chiu) hoc bin thin
(thng l xoay chiu)
in tr trong v cng ln
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24

Ngun ph thuc

Ngun p ph thuc

Ngun p ph thuc p:
Ngun p ph thuc dng:
Ngun dng ph thuc p:
Ngun dng ph thuc dng:

Ngun dng ph thuc

e = feu(u)
e = fei(i)
j = fju(u)
j = fji(i)

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25

in tr (1)
c trng cho kh nng cn tr dng in

l
n v: ohm ()
R
K hiu R hoc r
S
V d: dy tc bng n
in dn:
Nghch o ca in tr
n v: siemens (S) hoc mho
K hiu G hoc g

()

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26

in tr (2)

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27

in tr (3)
R

u Ri
u
i
R
p ui Rii Ri

u u2
p ui u
R R

Cng sut ca in tr lun dng

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28

in tr (4)
Ngn mch: R = 0

H mch: R =

u Ri 0

u
i lim 0
R R

u=0

R=0

i
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R=
i=0
29

Cun dy (1)
Dy dn qun xung quanh li

Lin quan n t trng

T trng bin thin sinh ra in p
Thng s c trng: in cm L, o bng henry (H)
H = Vs/A
in cm: c trng cho tnh cht chng li s thay i
ca dng in chy qua cun dy

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30

Cun dy (2)

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31

Cun dy (3)
L

i
u

di
uL
dt

1 t
1 t
1
di udt i u (t )dt t u (t )dt i (t0 )
L 0
L
L
i (t0 ) i t t

i () 0
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32

Cun dy (4)
L

i
u

di
p ui L i
dt

di
w pdt L idt

dt
t
1 2
1 2
L idi Li (t ) Li ()

2
2
t

i () 0

1 2
w Li
2

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33

Cun dy (5)
L

i
u

di
uL
dt

u 0

Mch DC: i = I = const di dI 0

Trong mch DC, cun dy tng ng vi ngn mch

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34

Cun dy (6)
L

i
u

di
uL
dt
Nu

dt 0

u
(v l)

Dng in trong cun cm khng th bin thin t ngt

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35

Cun dy (7)
Cun dy l tng c in tr bng khng
Thc t cun dy c mt in tr Rw nh
C th m hnh ho bng mt cun dy l tng ni tip
vi Rw
L

Rw

Ch cp n cun dy l tng

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36

T (1)
Gm c 2 tm dn in (bn cc) phn tch bng mt
lp cch in (in mi)

Lin quan n in trng

in tch bin thin sinh ra dng in gia hai bn cc
Thng s c trng: in dung C, o bng farad (F)
F = C/V
C l h s lin h gia in tch trn mt bn cc &
hiu in th gia 2 bn cc
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37

T (2)

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38

T (3)
i

C
u

dq
i
dt

du
iC
dt

q Cu
t

1
1
u idt idt u (t0 )
C
C t0

q (t0 )
u (t0 )
C

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39

T (4)
i

C
u

du
iC
dt

du
p Cu
dt

p ui
t

du
1 2
w pdt C u
dt C udu Cu
dt
2
t

u () 0

1 2
w Cu
2

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40

T (5)
i

C
u

du
iC
dt
Mch DC: u = U = const du dU 0

i0

Trong mch DC, t tng ng vi h mch

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41

T (6)
i

C
u

du
iC
dt
Nu dt 0

i
(v l)

in p trn t khng th bin thin t ngt

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42

T (7)
T l tng c in tr bng v cng
Thc t t c mt in tr r Rl, khong 100 M
C th m hnh ho bng mt t l tng song song vi
Rl
Rl

Ch cp n t l tng

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43

 in tr & t c bn hng lot hoc dng mch tch

hp (IC) r c dng nhiu
Cun dy ch bn dng n l t dng hn ch
Cun dy & t:
Kh nng d tr nng lng dng lm ngun nht thi
Cun dy: chng li bin thin dng t ngt dng dp
h quang hoc tia la in
T: chng li bin thin in p t ngt dng hn ch
xung
Nhy tn phn tch tn s
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44