Mach Mot Chieu 2014d MK

Nguyn Cng Phng
Mch mt chiu
C s l thuyt mch in
Ni dung
I. Thng s mch
II. Phn t mch
III. Mch mt chiu
IV. Mch xoay chiu
V. Mng hai ca
VI. Mch ba pha
VII.Qu trnh qu
VIII.Khuch i thut ton
Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
Mch mt chiu
L mch in ch c ngun mt chiu

Cun dy (nu c) b ngn mch
T in (nu c) b h mch
Ni dung:
Cc nh lut c bn
Cc phng php phn tch
Cc nh l mch
Phn tch mch in bng my tnh
Mch mt chiu
1. Cc nh lut c bn
a) nh lut Ohm
b) nh, nhnh & vng
c) nh lut Kirchhoff
2. Cc phng php phn tch

3. Cc nh l mch
4. Phn tch mch in bng my tnh
nh lut Ohm
i
R
u
u Ri
u
i
R
Lin h gia dng & p ca mt phn t
Nu c nhiu phn t tr ln th nh lut Ohm cha
Cc nh lut Kirchhoff
nh, nhnh & vng (1)

Nhng khi nim xut hin khi kt ni cc phn t mch
Cn lm r trc khi ni v cc nh lut Kirchhoff
Nhnh: biu din 1 phn t mch n nht (v d 1
ngun p hoc 1 in tr)
Nhnh c th dng biu din mi phn t c 2 cc
nh, nhnh & vng (2)

nh: im ni ca t nht 2 nhnh
Biu din bng 1 du chm
Nu 2 nh ni vi nhau bng dy dn, chng to thnh 1
nh
b
nh, nhnh & vng (3)

Vng: mt ng khp kn trong mt mch
ng khp kn: xut pht 1 im, i qua mt s im khc, mi
im ch i qua mt ln, ri quay tr li im xut pht
Vng c lp: cha mt nhnh, nhnh ny khng c mt trong cc

vng khc
Mt mch in c d nh, n nhnh, v vng c lp s tho mn h
thc:
v = n d + 1 (3 = 5 3 + 1)
nh lut Kirchhoff (1)

2: nh lut v dng in & nh lut v in p
nh lut v dng in vit tt l KD
KD da trn lut bo ton in tch (tng i s in tch
ca mt h bo ton)
KD: tng i s cc dng i vo mt nh bng khng
N
i
n 1
N: tng s nhnh ni vo nh
in: dng th n i vo (hoc ra khi) nh

KD: tng i s cc dng i vo mt nh bng khng
N
i
Quy c:
n 1
Dng i vo mang du dng (+), dng i ra mang du m ()

Hoc ngc li
i1
i1 i2 i3 + i4 i5 = 0
Hoc: i1 + i2 + i3 i4 + i5 = 0
i5
i2
i3
i4
10

Mt cch pht biu khc ca KD:
Tng cc dng i vo mt nh bng tng cc dng i ra khi nh
KD c th m rng cho mt mt kn:
Tng i s cc dng i vo mt mt kn bng khng
i1
i5
i2
i1 i2 i3 + i4 i5 = 0
i3
i4
C th coi nh l mt mt kn co li
11
nh lut th nht l KD
nh lut th hai l v in p, vit tt KA
KA da trn nh lut bo ton nng lng
KA: tng i s cc in p trong mt vng kn bng khng
M
u
m 1
M: s lng in p trong vng kn, hoc s lng nhnh ca

vng kn
um: in p th m ca vng kn
12

KA: tng i s cc in p trong mt vng kn bng khng
M
u
m 1
u1 + u2 + u3 u4 u5 = 0
u1 u2 u3 + u4 + u5 = 0
13

u1
u3
Tnh cc dng & p
u2
u1 + u2 30 = 0
u3 u2 = 0
u1 = 8i1
u2 = 3i2
i1 i2 i3 = 0
i1 i2 i3 = 0
8i1 + 3i2 30 = 0
8i1 + 3i2 30 = 0
6i3 3i2 = 0
6i3 3i2 = 0
u3 = 6i3
14

u1
u3
Tnh cc dng & p
u2
i1 i2 i3 = 0
i1 = 3 A
8i1 + 3i2 30 = 0
i2 = 2 A
6i3 3i2 = 0
i3 = 1 A
15

i1 i2 i3 = 0
8i1 + 3i2 30 = 0
6i3 3i2 = 0
i1 + i2 + i3 = 0
8i1 + 6i3 30 = 0
i1 i2 i3 = 0
8i1 + 3i2 30 = 0
6i3 3i2 = 0
H 5 phng
trnh 3 n s
tha 2 phng trnh

ch cn 3 phng trnh
H ny c 3 p/tr c lp & 2 p/tr ph thuc

16
i1
+ i2 + i3 = 0
8i1 + 6i3 30 = 0
i1 i2 i3 = 0
8i1 + 3i2 30 = 0
6i3 3i2 = 0
H trn c 3 p/tr c lp & 2 p/tr ph thuc
Chn 3 p/tr no?
Mt mch in c nKD p/tr c lp vit theo KD & c nKA p/tr c lp vit theo KA
nKD = s_nh 1
nKA = s_nhnh s_nh + 1
17
Mch mt chiu
1. Cc nh lut c bn
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Dng nhnh
Th nh
Dng vng
Bin i tng ng
Ma trn
3. Cc nh l mch
18
Dng nhnh (1)

n s l cc dng in ca cc nhnh
S lng n s = s lng nhnh (tr ngun dng) ca
mch
p dng trc tip KD & KA
Lp h phng trnh bng cch
p dng KD cho nKD nh, v
p dng KA cho nKA vng
19
Dng nhnh (2)

A
nKD = s_nh 1 = 3 1 = 2 vit 2 p/tr theo KD
a: i1 + i2 i3 = 0
b: i3 i4 + j = 0
nKA = s_nhnh s_nh + 1 = 4 3 + 1 = 2 vit 2 p/tr theo KA
A: u1 u2 + e2 e1 = 0 R1i1 R2i2 + e2 e1 = 0
B: u2 + u3 + u4 e2 = 0 R2i2 + R3i3 + R4i4 e2 = 0
20
Dng nhnh (3)

A
i1 + i2 i3 = 0
i1 + i2 i3 = 0
i1
i3 i4 + j = 0
i3 i4 = j
i2
R1i1 R2i2 + e2 e1 = 0
R1i1 R2i2 = e1 e2
i3
R2i2 + R3i3 + R4i4 e2 = 0
R2i2 + R3i3 + R4i4 = e2
i4
21
Dng nhnh (4)

A
nKD = 3 1 = 2; nKA = 4 3 + 1 = 2
a: i1 + i2 i3 = 0
b: i3 i4 + j = 0
A: R1i1 R2i2 = e1 e2
B: R2i2 + R3i3 + R4i4 = e2
1. Tnh nKD & nKA

2. Chn nKD nh & vit nKD
phng trnh KD cho
cc nh
3. Chn nKA vng & chiu
ca chng
4. Vit nKA phng trnh KA
cho nKA vng
22
Dng nhnh (5)

VD1
nKD = s_nh 1 = 4 1 = 3
nKA = s_nhnh s_nh + 1 = 6 4 + 1 = 3
a: i1 + i2 i6 = 0
b: i1 i5 + i3 + j = 0
c: i3 i4 + i6 j = 0
A: R1i1 + R5i5 + R2i2 = e1
B: R3i3 + R5i5 R4i4 = 0
C: R2i2 + R6i6 + R4i4 = e6
1. Tnh nKD & nKA

2. Chn nKD nh & vit nKD phng trnh
KD cho cc nh
3. Chn nKA vng & chiu ca chng
4. Vit nKA phng trnh KA cho nKA vng
23
Dng nhnh (6)

R1
i1
VD2
R2
i2
E6
b : i2 i3 i6 0
E1
R5
c : i4 i3 i5 0
d : i1 i4 J 0
i5
d
R4
i4
C
B
E3
c i3
R6
i6
b
R3
A : R1i1 R5i5 R4i4 E1

B : R3i3 R6i6 R5i5 E3 E6
C : R6i6 R2i2 E6
24
Dng nhnh (7)
VD4
R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 15, e1 = 30V, e3 = 45V,

j = 2A. Tnh cc dng in trong mch?
i1 i2 i3 j 0
R1i1 R2i2 e1
R2i2 R3i3 e3
1i1 1i2 1i3 2
10i1 20i2 0i3 30

0i 20i 15i 45
1
2
3
i1
1
10 20
0
20
; i2 2 ; i3 3
2 1
0 ; 1 30 20
0 ; 2 10 30
15
15
45
20
0 ; 3 10 20 30 ;
45 15
20
45
25
Dng nhnh (8)
VD4
R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 15, e1 = 30V, e3 = 45V,

i1 i2 i3 j 0
R1i1 R2i2 e1
R2i2 R3i3 e3
10 20
0
20
i1 i2 i3 2
10i1 20i2
30
20i2 15i3 45
1
0
15
20
20
15
10
20 15
20
1( 20.15 20.0) 10[1.15 20( 1)] 0[1.0 (20)(1)]

650
26
Dng nhnh (9)
VD4
R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 15, e1 = 30V, e3 = 45V,

i1 i2 i3 j 0
R1i1 R2i2 e1
R2i2 R3i3 e3
i1 i2 i3 2
10i1 20i2
30
20i2 15i3 45
i1
; i2 2 ; i3 3
650; 1 1350; 2 300; 3 2350
1350
1 650 2,08 A
300
i2
0, 46 A
650
2350
3 650 3,62 A
27
VD4
Dng nhnh (10)
R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 15, e1 = 30V, e3 = 45V,

i1 i2 i3 2
30
10i1 20i2
20i2 15i3 45
i1 2,08 A
i2 0, 46 A
i 3,62 A
3
i1 i2 i3 2
30
10i1 20i2
20i2 15i3 45
i1 2,08 A
i2 0, 46 A
i 3,62 A
3
28
Dng nhnh (11)

Khi lng tnh ton gii h 4 phng trnh 4 bin
= 5 nh thc bc 4
= 5 x 4 nh thc bc 3
= 5 x 4 x 3 nh thc bc 2
= 60 nh thc bc 2
Khi lng tnh ton gii h 3 phng trnh 3 bin:
= 4 nh thc bc 3
= 4 x 3 nh thc bc 2
= 12 nh thc bc 2
Khi lng tnh ton gii h 10 phng trnh 10 bin ?
29
i1 + i2 i3 = 0
Hn 200 php tnh (cng, nhn, chia)
i3 i4 + j = 0
NG THI
R1i1 R2i2 = e1 e2
R2i2 + R3i3 + R3i3 = e2
2i1 3 10
6i 5 4
2
i3 7 9
3i4 4 5
Di 8 php tnh (cng & chia)
KHNG NG THI
gim khi lng tnh ton th cn phi thay h phng

trnh ng thi bng h phng trnh khng ng thi
30
gim khi lng tnh ton th cn phi thay h phng

trnh ng thi bng h phng trnh khng ng thi
C 2 cch thay th:
1. i bin s
Phng php th nh
Phng php dng vng
2. Phn r mch in (ln lt tnh ton thng s ca tng

phn ca mch in)
Bin i tng ng
Mng mt ca (s hc trong Cc nh l mch)
31
Mch mt chiu
1. Cc nh lut c bn
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Dng nhnh
Th nh
Dng vng
Bin i tng ng
Ma trn
3. Cc nh l mch
32
Th nh (1)
a : i1 i2 i3 0
(h 2 phng trnh 4 n s)
b : i3 i4 j 0
i1 = f1(a, b)
i2 = f2(a, b)
i3 = f3(a, b)
i4 = f4(a, b)
A11a + A12b = B1
A21a + A22b = B2
(h 2 phng trnh 2 n s)
33
Th nh (2)
n s l in th ca cc nh
Dng KA i n s dng in nhnh thnh n s
in th nh
i1 + i2 i3 = 0
i3 i4 + j = 0
R1i1 R2i2 = e1 e2
R2i2 + R3i3 + R3i3 = e2
(60 nh thc bc 2)
i1 = f1(a, b)
i2 = f2(a, b)
i3 = f3(a, b)
i4 = f4(a, b)
A11a + A12b = B1
A21a + A22b = B2
(3 nh thc bc 2
+ 4 hm f )
34
Th nh (3)
i1 f ( a , b , c ) ?
e1 a c
R1i1 ( a c ) e1 i1
R1
Nu t c = 0
e1 a
i1
R1
35
Th nh (4)
R
i
e
R
i
e
Ri ( a b ) e
Ri ( a b ) e
e a b
i
R
e a
b 0 i
R
e a b
i
R
a e
b 0 i
R
36
Th nh (5)
R
i
e
R
i
e
Ri ( a b ) e
Ri ( a b ) e
e a b
i
R
e a
b 0 i
R
e a b
i
R
e a
b 0 i
R
37
Th nh (6)
R
i
R
i
Ri ( a b ) 0
Ri ( a b ) 0
a b
i
R
b 0 i a
R
a b
i
R
a
b 0 i
R
38
e
i
R
Th nh (7)
t c = 0
a : i1 i2 i3 0
e1 a
i1
R1
e2 a
i2
R2
a b
i3
R3
e1 a e2 a a b
0
R1
R2
R3
39
e
i
R
Th nh (8)
t c = 0
b : i3 i4 j 0
a b
i3
R3
b
i4
R4
a b b
j0
R3
R4
40
Th nh (9)
t c = 0
e1 a e2 a a b
0
R1
R2
R3
a b b
j0
R3
R4
1 1
e1 e2
1
1
a
b
R3
R1 R2
R1 R2 R3
1
1
1
a b j
R3
R3 R4
41
Th nh (10)
t c = 0
1 1
e1 e2
1
1
a
b

R3
R1 R2
a
R1 R2 R3
1
1
1
b
a b j
R3
R3 R4
e1 a
i1
R1
e2 a
i2
R2
a b
i3
R3
b
i4
R4 42
Th nh (11)
t c = 0
e1 a e2 a a b
0
R1
R2
R3
a b b
j0
R3
R4
1 1
e1 e2
1
1
a
b
R3
R1 R2
R1 R2 R3
1
1
1
a b j
R3
R3 R4
43
Th nh (12)
t c = 0
1 1
e1 e2
1
1
a
:

a
b
R3
R1 R2
R1 R2 R3
1
1
1
b :
a b j
R3
R3 R4
44
Th nh (13)
Ngun dng
chy vo nh a
Tng dn
ring ca
nh a
Tng dn
tng h
gia nh a
& nh b
Tng dn
ring ca
nh b
t c = 0
a : Ga a Gab b ja
b : Gab a Gb b jb
Ngun dng
chy vo nh b
45
Th nh (14)
t c = 0
1 1
e1 e2
1
1
a
b

R3
R1 R2
R1 R2 R3
1
1
1
a b j
R3
R3 R4
Tng dn ring ca mt
nh: tng ca in dn
ca tt c cc nhnh ni
TRC TIP vi nh
Tng dn tng h gia
2 nh: tng ca in
dn ca tt c cc
nhnh ni TRC TIP 2
nh
46
Th nh (15)
1. Chn mt nh lm gc
2. Tnh cc tng dn ring
v cc tng dn tng h
t c = 0
1 1
e1 e2
1
1
a
b

R3
R1 R2
R1 R2 R3
1
1
1
a b j
R3
R3 R4
3. Tnh cc ngun dng

vo nKD nh
4. Lp h phng trnh
5. Gii h phng trnh
tm cc th nh
47
Th nh (16)
t c = 0
1 1
1
e1 e2
1
a
b
a :
R1 R2
R1 R2 R3
R3
1
1
1
b :
a
b j
R3
R3 R4
48
Th nh (17)
t a = 0
1
1
1
c j
b : b
R3 R4
R4
c : 1 1 1 1 e1 e2 j
b
c
R
R
R
R
R1 R2
4
1
2
4
49
Th nh (18)
t b = 0
1
1
1
1
1
e1 e2
a
:
c
R1 R2
R1 R2 R3
R1 R2
1
1
1
1
1
e
e
c :
a
c 1 2 j
R1 R2
R1 R2
R1 R2 R4
50
Th nh (19)
VD1
nKD = s_nh 1 = 4 1 = 3
t d = 0
1
1
1
1
e1 e6
a
:
a
c
b
R1
R6
R1 R6
R1 R2 R6
1
1
1
1
e1
b
:
b
c
a
R
R
R
R
R
R1
1
3
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
e6
c :
a
b
c
R6
R3
R6
R3 R4 R6
51
Th nh (20)
VD1
nKD = s_nh 1 = 4 1 = 3
t c = 0
e1 e6
1
1
1
1
a
:
a
b
d
R1
R2
R1 R6
R1 R2 R6
e1
1
1
1
1
b
:
b
d
a
R
R
R
R
R
R1
1
3
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
d :
b
d 0
a
R
R
R
R
R
2
5
4
5
2
52
Th nh (21)
R1
VD2
R2
a
E6
E1
R5
R6
E3
d
1
1
1
b
:
b
c
R3
R2 R3 R6
1
1
1
c
:
b
c
R
R
R
R
3
4
5
1
1
d :
0 b
c
R4
R1
R4
0 d
R3
E3 E6
R3 R6
1
E3
d
R4
R3
1
E1
d
R4
R1
53
Th nh (22)
R1
VD2
R2
a
E6
E1
R5
R6
c
d
1
1
1
1
1
a
:
a
b
R
R
R
R
R
R
2
5
6
2
6
1
1
1
1
1
b
:
a
b
R
R
R
R
R
2
6
3
6
1
1
d :
b
a
R1
R1
E3
R4
R3
E1 E6
1
J
d
R1
R1 R6
0 d
E3 E6
R3 R6
E1
1
d J
R4
R1
54
VD3
Th nh (23)
R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 15, e1 = 30V, e3 = 45V,

1
1
30
45
1
a
2

10
15
10 20 15
a 9, 23 V
30 9, 23
2,08 A
i1
10
9, 23
i2
0, 46 A
20
45 9, 23
3,62 A
3
15
55
Th nh (24)
VD5
t d = 0
a b
a c
c
b
i1
; i2
; i3
; i4
R1
R2
R3
R4
a b a c c b
i1 i2 i3 i4
R1
R2
R3 R4
a E1
b c E2
1
1
1
1
1
1
c

b
E1
R1 R4
R1 R2
R2 R3
b
c E2
56
Mch mt chiu
1. Cc nh lut c bn
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Dng nhnh
Th nh
Dng vng
Bin i tng ng
Ma trn
3. Cc nh l mch
57
Dng vng (1)
A: R1i1 R2i2 = e1 e2
(h 2 phng trnh 4 n)
B: R2i2 + R3i3 + R4i4 = e2
i1 = f1(iA, iB)
i2 = f2(iA, iB)
i3 = f3(iA, iB)
i4 = f4(iA, iB)
A11iA + A12iB = B1
A21iA + A22iB = B2
(h 2 phng trnh 2 n)
58
Dng vng (2)
5A
3A
2A
5A
Dng nhnh
3A
Dng vng
59
Dng vng (3)

6A
?
3A
?
6 (3)?= 9A
3 8 =?11A
6A
3A
6 2 =?8A
8A
8A
?
?
?
2A
5A
?
2A
?
5A
?
60
Dng vng (4)

n s l dng in chy trong mt vng
Dng vng l i lng khng c thc, nhng tin li cho vic
phn tch mch in
Dng KD i n s dng in nhnh thnh nKA n s dng
in vng
i1 = f1(iA, iB)
i1 + i2 i3 = 0
i2 = f2(iA, iB)
i3 i4 + j = 0
i3 = f3(iA, iB)
i4 = f4(iA, iB)
R1i1 R2i2 = e1 e2
R2i2 + R3i3 + R3i3 = e2
A11iA + A12iB = B1
A21iA + A22iB = B2
(60 nh thc bc 2)
(3 nh thc bc 2
+ 4 hm f )
61
Dng vng (5)

j
iA
iB
A: R1i1 R2i2 = e1 e2
i1 = iA
R1iA R2(iB iA) = e1 e2
i2 = iB iA
B: R2i2 + R3i3 + R4i4 = e2
R2(iB iA) + R3iB + R4(iB + j) = e2
i3 = iB
i4 = iB + j
62
Dng vng (6)

j
iA
iB
A: R1iA + R2(iA iB) = e1 e2

B: R2(iB iA) + R3iB + R4(iB + j) = e2
A: (R1+ R2)iA
B:
R2iB = e1 e2
R2 iA + (R2 + R3 + R4)iB = e2 R4j

63
Dng vng (7)

j
iA
A: R1(iA
iB
) + R2(iA iB)
B: R2(iB iA) + R3(iB
= e1 e2
) + R4(iB + j) = e2
64
Dng vng (8)

j
iA
iB
i1 = iA
(R1+ R2)iA
R2iB = e1 e2
R2 iA + (R2 + R3 + R4)iB = e2 R4j
iA
i2 = iB iA
iB
i3 = iB
i4 = iB + j
Ch : chiu ca cc dng nhnh khng nh hng n h p/trnh dng vng

65
Dng vng (9)
iA
iB
R1 (i A ) R2 (i A iB j ) e1 e2
R2 (iB iA j ) R3 (iB j ) R4 (iB

) e2
66
Dng vng (10)
iA
iB
R1 (i A j ) R2 (i A iB ) e1 e2
R2 (iB i A ) R3 (iB j ) R4 (iB ) e2

67
Dng vng (11)
VD1
nKA = 6 4 + 1 = 3 cn chn 3 dng vng
A: R1(iA
iA
iB
) + R5(iA iB) + R2(iA iC) = e1
B: R3(iB + j) + R4(iB iC) + R5(iB iA) = 0

C: R2(iC iA) + R4(iC iB) + R6(iC
) = e6
iC
iA
iB
iC
i1 = iA; i2 = iA iC; i3 = iB j; i4 = iB iC; i5 = iA iB; i6 = iC
68
Dng vng (12)

VD1
iB
iA
iC
) R3 (i A iB ) R6 (i A iC ) e1 e6
R1 (iA
R3 (iB iA ) R4 (iB iC j ) R5 (iB j ) 0
R2 (iC ) R4 (iC iB j ) R6 (iC iA ) e6

69
Dng vng (13)

i1
VD2
E1
R1
i2
E6
R5
A
i5
d
R2
R4
i4
) E1
R1 (i A J ) R5 (i A iB ) R4 (i A
) R6 (iB iC ) R5 (iB i A ) E3 E6
R3 (iB
R (i
) R6 (iC iB ) E6
2 C
C
B
E3
c i3
R6
i6
b
R3
i A
iB
i
C
i1 i A J ; i2 iC ; i3 iB ; i4 i A ; i5 i A iB ; i6 iC iB
70
Dng vng (14)

R1
VD2
R2
a
E6
E1
R5
R6
E3
d
R1 (i A
R3 (iB
R (i
2 C
R4
R3
) R5 (i A iB J ) R4 (i A J ) E1
) R6 (iB iC ) R5 (iB i A J ) E3 E6
) R6 (iC iB ) E6
71
Dng vng (15)
VD3
R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 15, e1 = 30V, e3 = 45V,

iA
iB
10i A 20(i A iB 2) 30
20(iB i A 2) 15iB 45
30i A 20iB 10
20i A 35iB 85
i A 2,08 A
iB 3,62 A
i1 i A 2,08 A
i2 i A iB j 0, 46 A
i i 3,62 A
3 B
72
Dng vng (16)
VD3
iA
iB
10i A 20(i A iB 2) 30
20(iB i A 2) 15iB 45
i A 2,08 A
iB 3,62 A
i1 i A 2,08 A
i2 i A iB j 0, 46 A
i i 3,62 A
3 B
iA
iB
10(i A iB ) 20(i A 2) 30
10(iB i A ) 15iB 30 45
i A 1,54 A
iB 3,62 A
i1 i A iB 2,08 A
i2 i A j 0, 46 A
i i 3,62 A
3 B
73
Dng vng (17)

VD5
ia
ib
R1ia + (R3 + R4)ib = e

j = i4 i1 = ib ia
R1ia + (R3 + R4)ib = e
ia
+ ib = j
74
i vi mt mch in c n nhnh, p/p dng nhnh s dn

n vic gii ng thi h n phng trnh n n
Rt t khi dng phng php dng nhnh
Hai p/p dng vng & th nh gim s lng phng trnh
& s lng n
Nn dng hai p/p dng vng & th nh khi gii mch in
Cho mt mch in, chn p/p th nh hay dng vng?
La chn:
Chn p/p no c t n s hn
P/p th nh rt thch hp cho mch in ch c 2 nh
C mt s kiu mch in kh dng p/p th nh
C mt s kiu mch in kh dng p/p dng vng
75
VD
Tnh i7 ?
Phng php dng nhnh c my n?

Phng php th nh c my n?
Bin i tng ng
Phng php dng vng c my n?

76
Mch mt chiu
1. Cc nh lut c bn
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Dng nhnh
Th nh
Dng vng
Bin i tng ng
Ma trn
3. Cc nh l mch
77
Bin i tng ng (1)

Hai phn t mch c gi l tng ng nhau nu
chng c quan h gia dng & p ging nhau
Dng phn r mch in gim khi lng tnh ton
Cc php bin i tng ng:
Ngun p ni tip
Ngun dng song song
in tr ni tip
in tr song song
Y
(ngun p ni tip in tr) (ngun dng song song in tr)
Millman
78
Bin i tng ng (2)

Ngun p ni tip
(hai phn t gi l ni tip nu chng c chung t nht 1
u & c cng mt dng in chy qua)
= e1 + e2 e3
N
etd ek
1
79
VD1
Bin i tng ng (3)
e1 e4
VD2
e1 e4
80
Bin i tng ng (4)

Ngun dng song song
(Hai phn t gi l song song nu chng c chung 2 u)
= j1 + j2 j3
N
jtd jk
1
81
VD3
Bin i tng ng (5)
j1 j2
82
Bin i tng ng (6)

in tr ni tip:
R1
R2
R3
Rtd
Rtd = R1 + R2 + R3
R1
R2
uab
uR1 R1
R1 R2
uR 2
uab
R2
R1 R2
83
Bin i tng ng (7)

in tr song song:
R1
Rtd
R2
R1R2
Rtd
R1 R2
1
1
1
1

Rtd R1 R2 R3
i1 R1
R2
i1 i
R1 R2
i2 R
2
R1
i2 i
R1 R2
84
VD4
Bin i tng ng (8)
Rad Rab R3 Rcd

R1R2
Rab
R1 R2
1
1
1
1
R4 R5 R6
Rcd
Rcd R4 R5 R6
R4 R5 R5 R6 R6 R4
Rad
R1R2
R4 R5 R6
R3
R1 R2
R4 R5 R5 R6 R6 R4
85
VD5
Bin i tng ng (9)
R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ; R3 = 8 ; Tnh Rtd?
Rtd ( R1 R2 ) // R3
R1 R2 R3
( R1 R2 ) R3
(4 6)8
4, 44
468
VD6
R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ; R3 = 2 ; R4 = 10 ; Tnh Rtd ?
Rtd
RR
R1 R2
3 4
R1 R2 R3 R4
4.6
2.10
4,07
4 6 2 10
86
Bin i tng ng (10)
VD7
R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ; R3 = 8 ; Tnh Rtd?
Rtd R2 // R3
R2 R3
R2 R3
6.8
3, 43
68
VD8
R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ; R3 = 2 ; Tnh Rtd ?
Rtd
R1R2
4.6
2, 40
R1 R2
46
87
Bin i tng ng (11)

VD9
Tnh Rab
10
6
3
12
VD10 Tnh Rab
88
Bin i tng ng (12)

R1
R2
Rb
R3
Rc
Ra
c
Rac(Y) = R1 + R3
Rac() = Rb // (Ra + Rc)
Rb ( Ra Rc )
Ra Rb Rc
Ra ( Rb Rc )
Rbc R2 R3
Ra Rb Rc
R ( R Rb )
Rab R1 R2 c a
Ra Rb Rc
Rac R1 R3
Tng t:
89
Bin i tng ng (13)

a
R1
R2
R3
c
Rc
Rb
Ra
c
Rc ( Ra Rb )
Rab R1 R2
Ra Rb Rc
Ra ( Rb Rc )
Rbc R2 R3
Ra Rb Rc
Rb ( Ra Rc )
Rac R1 R3
Ra Rb Rc
Rb Rc
R1
Ra Rb Rc
Rc Ra
R2
Ra Rb Rc
Ra Rb
R3
Ra Rb Rc
90
Bin i tng ng (14)

a
R2
R1
Rb Rc
Ra Rb Rc
Rc Ra
R2
Ra Rb Rc
Ra Rb
R3
Ra Rb Rc
Rc
Rb
R3
R1
Ra
c
x R2
x R3
x R1
(+)
Ra Rb Rc ( Ra Rb Rc )
R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 R1
( Ra Rb Rc ) 2
Ra Rb Rc
Ra Rb Rc
91
Bin i tng ng (15)

a
R1
R2
Rb
R3
c
R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 R1
Rc
Ra
c
Ra Rb Rc
Ra Rb Rc
R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 R1
R1
Rb Rc
R1
R R R2 R3 R3 R1
Ra Rb Rc
Rb 1 2
R2
Tng t:
R R R2 R3 R3 R1
Rc 1 2
R3
(:)
Ra
92
Bin i tng ng (16)

Rc
R1
R2
Ra
Rb
R3
Rb Rc
R1
Ra Rb Rc
Rc Ra
R2
Ra Rb Rc
Ra Rb
R3
Ra Rb Rc
Ra
R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 R1
R1
Rb
R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 R1
R2
R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 R1
Rc
R3
93
Bin i tng ng (17)
hoc
13
15
35
94
Bin i tng ng (18)

Hai phn t mch c gi l tng ng nhau nu chng c quan
h gia dng & p ging nhau
Ngun p ni tip
Ngun dng song song
in tr ni tip
in tr song song
Y
Millman
95
Bin i tng ng (19)

(Ngun p ni tip in tr) (ngun dng song song in tr)
e
j
R
e Rj
e u Ri
e u
i
R R
96
Bin i tng ng (20)

VD11 Tnh dng qua R3?
e12 e46
i3
R12 R3 R46 R5
e1
j1
R1
e6
j6
R6
R12
R1R2
R1 R2
R46
R4 R6
R4 R6
e12 R12j
j1 e
R
e46 Re46j6Rj
97
Bin i tng ng (21)

VD12
j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ; R3 = 2 ; R4 = 10 ;
Tnh i3 ?
e4 R4 j 10.2 20 V
R1 R2
4.6
R12
2,4
R1 R2 4 6
e4
20
i3
R12 R3 R4 2, 4 2 10
1,39 A
98
Bin i tng ng (22)

Hai phn t mch c gi l tng ng nhau nu chng c quan
h gia dng & p ging nhau
Ngun p ni tip
Ngun dng song song
in tr ni tip
in tr song song
Y
Millman
99
Bin i tng ng (23)

Bin i Millman
1
Rtd
1
1
1
R1 R2 R3
e1 e2 e3
R1 R2 R3
etd
1
1
1
R1 R2 R3
100
Bin i tng ng (24)

VD13 Tnh dng qua R3
R012
e012
1
1
1
1

R0 R1 R2
e0 / R0 e1 / R1
1
1
1

R0 R1 R2
e012 e5678
i3
R012 R3 R4 R5678
R5678
e5678
1
1
1
1
1
R5 R6 R7 R8
e6 / R6 e7 / R7 e8 / R8
1
1
1
1
R5 R6 R7 R8
1
1
1
1
R1 R2 R3
e1 e2 e3
R1 R2 R3
etd
1
1
1
R1 R2 R3
Rtd
101
Mch mt chiu
1. Cc nh lut c bn
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Dng nhnh
Th nh
Dng vng
Bin i tng ng
Ma trn
3. Cc nh l mch
102
Ma trn (1)
Xy dng phng trnh:
Ax = b
x: vct dng nhnh hoc th nh hoc dng vng
Nghim:
x = A-1b
103
Ma trn (2)
iA
i1 + i2
i3
i3
=0
i4 = j
iB
1
0
R1i1 R2i2
= e1 e2
R1
R2i2 + R3i3 + R4i4 = e2

0
1
0
R2
R2
1 0 i1 0
1 1 i2 j
0 0 i3 e1 e2

R3 R4 i4 e2
Ai = b
104
Ma trn (3)
iB
iA
a
b
A
B
i1
1
0
R1
i2
1
i3
1
0
R2
R2
1
0
R3
i4
0 i1 0
1 i2 j
0 i3 e1 e2

R4 i4 e2
a
b
A
B
105
Ma trn (4)
nKD = s_nh 1 = 4 1 = 3
VD1
nKA = s_nhnh s_nh + 1 = 6 4 + 1 = 3
Ai = b
i1
i
2
i3
i = i
4
i
5
i6
A=
a
b
c
A
B
C
i1
1
1
0
R1
0
0
i2
1
0
0
R2
0
R2
i3
0
1
1
0
R3
0
B
C
i4
i5
0
0
0
1
0
1
R5
0
R4 R5
R4
0
i6
1
0
1
0
0
R6
b=
a
b
c
A
B
C
0
j
j
e1
0
e6
106
Tt c cc ngun
p c mt trn
ng i ca dng
vng:
Ma trn (5)
Tt c cc in
tr c mt trn
ng i ca iA
j
iA
iB
(R1+ R2)iA
R2iB = e1 e2
R2 iA + (R2 + R3 + R4)iB = e2 R4j
R1 R2
R2
-ngun p e: cng
chiu th (+),
ngc chiu th ()
-ngun p Rj:
cng chiu th (),
ngc chiu th (+)
R2
iA e1 e2
R2 R3 R4 iB e2 R4 j
Tt c cc in tr chung ca
iA & iB; nu cng chiu th (+),
ngc chiu th ()
Mch mt chiu
Tt c cc in tr c
mt trn ng i ca iB
- sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
107
Ma trn (6)
VD3
RA
R
B A
RC A
RA B
RB
RC B
RA C i A e A
RB C iB eB
RC iC eC
RA = ? RA = R1 + R5 + R2
RB = ? RB = R3 + R4 + R5
RC = ? RC = R2 + R4 + R6
RA-B = ?
iB
iA
iC
RA-B = R5 = RB-A
RA-C = ? RA-C = R2 = RC-A

RB-C = ? RB-C = R4
= RC-B
108
Ma trn (7)
VD3
RA
R
B A
RC A
RA C i A e A
RB C iB eB
RC iC eC
RA B
RB
RC B
iB
iA
iC
eA = ? eA = e1
eB = ? eB = R3j
eC = ? eC = e6
109
Ma trn (8)
VD3
RA
R
B A
RC A
RA C i A e A
RB C iB eB
RC iC eC
RA B
RB
RC B
iB
iA
iC
RA = R1 + R5 + R2
RA-B = R5 = RB-A
eA = e1
RB = R3 + R4 + R5
RA-C = R2 = RC-A
eB = R3j
RC = R2 + R4 + R6
RB-C = R4 = RC-B
eC = e6
110
Mch mt chiu
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cc nh lut c bn
Cc phng php phn tch
Cc nh l mch
111
Cc nh l mch
Nu mch in phc tp th cc phng php phn tch mch
hc s mt nhiu thi gian tnh ton
Cc nh l mch gip cho vic phn tch mch tr nn n gin
hn
Dng phn r mch in gim khi lng tnh ton
Cc nh l ny p dng cho mch in tuyn tnh
Ni dung:
Mch in tuyn tnh

Nguyn l xp chng
nh l Thevenin
nh l Norton
Truyn cng sut cc i
112
Mch in tuyn tnh
Cc nh l mch ch p dng cho mch in tuyn tnh

Mch in tuyn tnh: ch gm cc phn t th ng
tuyn tnh
Phn t tuyn tnh: u ra (p ng) t l thun vi u
vo (kch thch)
C 2 tnh cht:
1. Nu [u = Ri & k = const] th [ku = kRi]
2. Nu [u1 = Ri1 & u2 = Ri2] th [u = (i1 + i2)R = Ri1 + Ri2 = u1 + u2]
113
Cc nh l mch
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nguyn l xp chng
nh l Thevenin
nh l Norton
Truyn cng sut cc i
114
Xp chng (1)
p dng cho mch in c t 2 ngun tr ln

tng: ln lt tnh thng s ca mch khi cho ln lt tng
ngun c mt trong mch in, sau cng cc thng s
Nguyn l: in p (hoc dng in) ca mt phn t ca mt
mch in tuyn tnh l tng i s ca cc in p (hoc cc
dng in) do tng ngun gy ra
Ch :
1. Khi xt tc dng ca mt ngun, phi trit tiu tt c cc ngun khc
2. Khng p dng nguyn l ny cho cng sut
Li ch: vic p dng nguyn l ny c th lm cho cu trc mch

tr nn n gin hn d phn tch hn
115
Xp chng (2)
1
2
u ng1 , i ng1
u ng 2 , i ng 2
u u ng1 u ng 2 u ng 3 ;
u ng 3 , i ng 3
i i ng1 i ng 2 i ng 3
116
Xp chng (3)
Khi xt tc dng ca mt ngun, phi trit tiu tt c cc
ngun khc
Phn cn li
ca mch in
Trit tiu ngun p
Phn cn li
ca mch in
Phn cn li
ca mch in
Trit tiu ngun dng
Phn cn li
ca mch in
117
Xp chng (4)
Trit tiu ngun p

Trit tiu ngun dng
118
Xp chng (5)
VD1
R1
R1 = 10, R2 = 20, e = 30V, j = 2A.

Tnh dng in chy qua R2?
1. Trit tiu j, tnh i2|e
R1
2. Trit tiu e, tnh i2|j
R2
i2 e
R1 R2
30
1A
10 20
R2
i2 j
R1 j
R1 R2
10.2
10 20
0,67 A
R1
j
3. Tnh i2|e + i2|j
i2
R1
i2 e
R2
i2 i2 e i2
1 0,67
i2
R1 j
1,67 A
j
R2
119
Xp chng (6)
VD2
e1 = 16 V; e2 = 9 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ;
R2 = 6 ; R3 = 2 ; R4 = 10 ; Tnh i2
1. Trit tiu e2 & j, tnh i2|e1

3. Trit tiu e1 & e2, tnh i2|j
4. Tnh i2|e1 + i2|e2 + i2|j
120
Xp chng (7)
VD2
e1 = 16 V; e2 = 9 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ;
R2 = 6 ; R3 = 2 ; R4 = 10 ; Tnh i2

c 0
1
1
1
e1
a
R
R
R
R
R1
2
3
4
1
a 8 V
a 8
i2 e1
1,33A
R2
6
121
Xp chng (8)
VD2
e1 = 16 V; e2 = 9 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ;
R2 = 6 ; R3 = 2 ; R4 = 10 ; Tnh i2

c 0
1
1
1
e2
a
R
R
R
R
R2
2
3
4
1
a 3V
i2 e 2
e2 a 9 3
1A
R2
6
122
Xp chng (9)
VD2
e1 = 16 V; e2 = 9 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ;
R2 = 6 ; R3 = 2 ; R4 = 10 ; Tnh i2
3. Trit tiu e1 & e2, tnh i2|j

e4 R4 j 10.2 20 V
1
e3
1
1
c 0;
a
R
R
R
R
R3 R4
2
3
4
1
a 3,33V
i2
a 3,33
0,56A
R2
6
123
Xp chng (10)
i2 e1 1,33A
i2 e 2 1A
VD2
i2 = i2|e1 + i2|e2 + i2|j

= 1,33 + 1 0,56
= 0,89 A
i2 j 0,56A
124
Xp chng (11)
p dng cho mch in c t 2 ngun tr ln
Ch :
1. Khi xt tc dng ca mt ngun, phi trit tiu tt c cc
ngun khc
2. Khng p dng nguyn l ny cho cng sut
Li ch: vic p dng nguyn l ny c th lm cho cu

trc mch tr nn n gin hn d phn tch hn
c bit tin li khi phn tch mch in c nhiu
ngun c tn s khc nhau (s cp trong phn Mch
xoay chiu)
125
Cc nh l mch
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nguyn l xp chng
nh l Thevenin
nh l Norton
Truyn cng sut cc i
126
Thevenin (1)
Rt
et
127
Thevenin (2)
Mt mng tuyn tnh 2 cc c th
c thay th bng mt mch
tng ng gm c ngun p etd
& in tr Rtd, trong :
it
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc
etd: ngun p h mch trn 2 cc

Rtd: in tr trn hai cc sau khi trit
tiu cc ngun
etd
it
Rtd Rt
Rt
it
Rt
128
Thevenin (3)
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc trit
tiu ngun
c lp
Rtd
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc
etd
129
Thevenin (4)
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc trit
tiu ngun
c lp
Rtd
ivo
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc trit
tiu ngun
c lp
uvo
uvo
Rtd
ivo
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc trit
tiu ngun
c lp
uvo ivo
130
Thevenin (5)
Gi s mng tuyn tnh 2 cc c m ngun p
& n ngun dng, theo tnh cht xp chng:
u Ao j A1e1 A2e2 ... Am em
Am1 j1 Am 2 j2 ... Am n jn
a
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc
B0 A1e1 A2e2 ... Am em

Am1 j1 Am 2 j2 ... Am n jn
u A0 j B0
j0
u A0 j B0
B0 u
u
A0
j
B0 0
j 0
u Rtd j etd
= etd (in p h mch)
= Rtd (in tr vo khi trit tiu ngun

B0 0
bn trong mng tuyn tnh 2 ca)
131
Thevenin (6)
a
j
a
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc
u Rtd j etd
u Rtd j etd
Mt mng tuyn tnh 2 cc c th c thay th bng mt mch

tng ng gm c ngun p etd & in tr Rtd, trong :
Rtd: in tr trn hai cc sau khi trit tiu cc ngun
132
Thevenin (7)
VD1
R1 = 10, R2 = 20, e = 30V. Tnh dng in chy

qua R3 vi cc gi tr R3 ln lt l 30, 60, 100?
R1
e
R2
R1
R2
etd uR 2 R2i2
e
R2
20 V
R1 R2
R3
Rtd
R3
etd
R1R2
Rtd
R1 R2
R1
R2
6,67
133
Thevenin (8)
VD1

etd 20V; Rtd 6,67
R1
e
R3
R2
etd
20
R3 30 i3
0,55A
Rtd R3 6,67 30
Rtd
etd
20
R3 60 i3
0,30A
Rtd R3 6,67 60
R3 100 i3
R3
etd
etd
20
0,19A
Rtd R3 6,67 100
134
Thevenin (9)
VD1
R1

Rtd
R1
R3
R2
R1R2
6,67
R1 R2
R2
i1
R1
i2
R2
Rtd
ivo
1V
uvo
1
6,67
ivo 0,15
10
0,33A
10 20
i1
1
0,1A
10
i2
1
0,05A uvo 20.0,33 6,67 V
20
i2 1
i1
ivo 0,1 0,05

0,15A
Rtd
R1
i2
uvo
R2
1A
uvo 6,67
6,67
ivo
1
135
Thevenin (10)
VD2
R1
R1 = 10, R2 = 20, e = 30V, j = 2A.

i1 R1
etd
R1i1 etd e
i1 j
etd e R1 j
50 V
R1
Rtd R1 10
Rtd
R2
R2
etd
i2
etd
50
Rtd R2 10 20
1,67 A
136
VD3
Thevenin (11)
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh it?
etd
it
Rtd Rt
137
Thevenin (12)
VD3
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh it?
t c = 0
1
1
e
a
R1
R1 R2 R3
1
16
1

a 2
4
4 68
a 18, 67 V
i3
a
18, 67
1,33 A
R2 R3 6 8
u3 R3i3 8.1,33 10, 67 V
etd = u3
etd u3 10, 67 V
138
VD3
Thevenin (13)
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh it?

Rtd: in tr trn hai cc sau
khi trit tiu cc ngun
etd
it
Rtd Rt
139
VD3
Thevenin (14)
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh it?

Rtd: in tr trn hai cc sau
khi trit tiu cc ngun
Rtd ( R1 R2 ) // R3
R1 R2 R3
R1 R2 R3
(4 6)8
468
4, 44
140
VD3
Thevenin (15)
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh it?
etd 10, 67 V
Rtd 4, 44
etd
it
Rtd Rt
10,67
it
1,13A
4, 44 5
etd
it
Rtd Rt
141
Thevenin (16)
VD4
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh i2?
Rtd
Rtd Rab ( R3 // Rt ) R1
R3 Rt
8.5
R1
4 7,08
R3 Rt
85
i2
etd
Rtd R2
142
Thevenin (17)
VD4
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh i2?
etd
etd a b
b c 0
etd a
etd 24 V
R1 j a e a 16 4.2 24 V
i2
etd
Rtd R2
143
VD4
Thevenin (18)
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh i2?
etd 24 V
Rtd 7,08
etd
i2
Rtd R2
24
i2
1,84 A
7,08 6
i2
etd
Rtd R2
144
Thevenin (19)
VD5
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh i1?
Rtd
Rtd Rac ( R3 // Rt ) R2
R3 Rt
8.5
R2
6 9,08
R3 Rt
85
i1
etd e
Rtd R1
145
Thevenin (20)
VD5
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh i1?
etd
etd uac Raciac Rac j [( R3 // Rt ) R2 ] j

R3 Rt
8.5
R2 j
6 2 18,15V
85
R3 Rt
i1
etd e
Rtd R1
146
VD5
Thevenin (21)
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh i1?
etd 18,15 V
Rtd 9,08
etd e
i1
Rtd R1
18,15 16
i1
0,16 A
9,08 4
i1
etd e
Rtd R1
147
Cc nh l mch
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nguyn l xp chng
nh l Thevenin
nh l Norton
Truyn cng sut cc i
148
Norton (1)
Tng t nh l Thevenin
Pht biu: Mt mng tuyn tnh 2 cc c th c thay
th bng mt mch tng ng gm c ngun dng jtd
& in tr Rtd, trong :
jtd: ngun dng ngn mch gia 2 cc
Rtd: in tr trn hai cc khi trit tiu cc ngun
149
Norton (2)
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc trit
tiu ngun
c lp
Rtd
Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc
jtd
150
Norton (3)
VD1
R1
R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 30, e = 30V.

R2
jtd: ngun dng ngn mch trn 2 cc
jtd iR1
R1
30
e
R1 10
3A
R2
R1R2
Rtd
R1 R2
R1
R2
R3
6,67
jtd
i3 jtd
R3
Rtd
6,67
Rtd
3
30 6,67
R3 Rtd
0,55A
151
VD2
Norton (4)
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh it?
Rtd
it jtd
Rt Rtd
152
Norton (4)
VD2
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh it?

Gi s c = 0
1
1
e
16
1 1
a
a
R1
4
4 6
R1 R2
jtd i2
a 14, 40
a 14, 40 V i2
2, 4 A
R2
6
jtd 2, 4 A
153
VD2
Norton (5)
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh it?
Rtd: in tr trn hai cc khi

trit tiu cc ngun
Rtd ( R1 R2 ) // R3
R1 R2 R3
R1 R2 R3
(4 6)8
468
4, 44
154
VD2
Norton (6)
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh it?

Rtd: in tr trn hai cc khi
trit tiu cc ngun
jtd = 2,4 A
Rtd = 4,44
4, 44
it 2, 4
1,13A
5 4, 44
Rtd
it jtd
Rt Rtd
155
Norton (7)
VD3
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh i2?
Rtd
Rtd Rab ( R3 // Rt ) R1
R3 Rt
8.5
R1
4 7,08
R3 Rt
85
156
Norton (8)
VD3
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh i2?
jtd
i1
jtd i1 j
1
1
1
e
a j a 10, 43V

R1
R1 R3 Rt
e a
i1
1,39 A
R1
jtd 1,39 2 3,39 A
157
Norton (9)
VD3
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ;
R3 = 8 ; Rt = 5 ; Tnh i2?
jtd = 3,39 A
Rtd = 7,08
Rtd
i2 jtd
R2 Rtd
7,08
i2 3,39
1,83A
6 7,08
158
Thevenin & Norton (1)

Mng
tuyn tnh
2 cc
etd = Rtd jtd
159

etd = Rtd jtd
etd
Rtd
jtd
etd = uh mch
Rtd
uh mch
ingn mch
jtd = ingn mch

(Cch th 2 tnh in tr tng ng ca s Thevenin)
160
VD1
e = 16 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ; R3 = 8 ;
Rt = 5 ; Tnh Ref ca mng mt ca?
Ref
uh mch
ingn mch
etd
jtd
10, 67
Ref
4, 44
2, 4
etd 10, 67 V
jtd 2, 4 A
161

Vic p dng nh l Thevenin hoc nh l Norton gi l phng
php mng mt ca/mng 2 cc
Cc mch in c xy dng da trn nh l Thevenin hoc
nh l Norton gi l s (tng ng) Thevenin hoc s
(tng ng) Norton
S Norton c th rt ra c t s Thevenin & ngc li
Rtd = tng_tr_vo_sau_khi_trit_tiu_ngun, hoc
Rtd
uh mch
ingn mch
Etd Thevenin
jtd Norton
, hoc
uvo
Rtd
,
ivo
162
Cc nh l mch
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nguyn l xp chng
nh l Thevenin
nh l Norton
Truyn cng sut cc i
163
Truyn cng sut cc i (1)

Mt s mch in c thit k truyn cng sut ti ti
Vin thng: cn truyn mt cng sut ti a n ti
Bi ton: tm thng s ca ti (gi tr ca in tr) cng
sut truyn n ti t cc i
S dng s Thevenin
164

pt it2 Rt
etd
it
Rtd Rt
etd
Rt
pt
Rtd Rt
dpt
0
dRt
pt
2
dpt
(
R
R
)
2 Rt ( Rtd Rt )
t
etd2 td
dRt
( Rtd Rt ) 4
Rtd Rt 2 Rt
Rtd Rt
2
e
etd
0
3
3
( Rtd Rt )
( Rtd Rt )
2
td
Rt
Rt Rtd
165

Cng sut cc i s c truyn n ti nu ti bng
in tr tng ng Thevenin (nhn t pha ti)
Rt Rtd
Rt = Rtd : gi l ho hp ti hoc phi hp ti
166
VD
e = 16 V; R1 = 4 ; R2 = 6 ; R3 = 2 ; R4 = 10 ;
Tnh Rt n nhn c cng sut ln nht?
R3 R4
R1 R2
Rtd
R1 R2 R3 R4
4.6
2.10
4,07
4 6 2 10
Rt 4,07
Rt Rtd
167
Mch mt chiu
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cc nh lut c bn
Cc phng php phn tch
Cc nh l mch
168

Mc ch: tit kim thi gian tnh ton
S tm hiu:
Gii cc php tnh phc tp (v d phng trnh ma trn)
M phng mch in
Phn mm: Matlab, OrCAD PSpice
169
Phng trnh ma trn
3 1
2 0
8 8
0 2
6 i1 5
9 4 i2 0
5 7 i3 12

4 9 i4 4
7
170
M phng mch in (1)

Bng m lnh (Tutsim, Spice, )
Bng giao din ho (Pspice, Circuit maker, Matlab,
Workbench, )
171
VD1
M phng mch in (2)
e1 = 16 V; e2 = 9 V; j = 2 A; R1 = 4 ;
R2 = 6 ; R3 = 2 ; R4 = 10 ; Rt = 5 ;
Tnh cc dng in trong mch?
172

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Nguyn Cng Phng

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

L mch in ch c ngun mt chiu

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

2. Cc phng php phn tch

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

nh, nhnh & vng (1)

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

nh, nhnh & vng (2)

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

nh, nhnh & vng (3)

Vng c lp: cha mt nhnh, nhnh ny khng c mt trong cc

nh lut Kirchhoff (1)

nh lut Kirchhoff (2)

Dng i vo mang du dng (+), dng i ra mang du m ()

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

nh lut Kirchhoff (3)

nh lut Kirchhoff (4)

M: s lng in p trong vng kn, hoc s lng nhnh ca

nh lut Kirchhoff (5)

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

nh lut Kirchhoff (6)

Tnh cc dng & p

nh lut Kirchhoff (7)

Tnh cc dng & p

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

nh lut Kirchhoff (8)

tha 2 phng trnh

H ny c 3 p/tr c lp & 2 p/tr ph thuc

nh lut Kirchhoff (9)

Dng nhnh (1)

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

Dng nhnh (2)

nKD = s_nh 1 = 3 1 = 2 vit 2 p/tr theo KD

Dng nhnh (3)

R2i2 + R3i3 + R4i4 e2 = 0

R2i2 + R3i3 + R4i4 = e2

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

Dng nhnh (4)

1. Tnh nKD & nKA

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

Dng nhnh (5)

nKA = s_nhnh s_nh + 1 = 6 4 + 1 = 3

1. Tnh nKD & nKA

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

Dng nhnh (6)

A : R1i1 R5i5 R4i4 E1

Dng nhnh (7)

R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 15, e1 = 30V, e3 = 45V,

1i1 1i2 1i3 2

10i1 20i2 0i3 30

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

Dng nhnh (8)

R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 15, e1 = 30V, e3 = 45V,

1( 20.15 20.0) 10[1.15 20( 1)] 0[1.0 (20)(1)]

Dng nhnh (9)

R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 15, e1 = 30V, e3 = 45V,

650; 1 1350; 2 300; 3 2350

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

Dng nhnh (10)

R1 = 10, R2 = 20, R3 = 15, e1 = 30V, e3 = 45V,

Mch mt chiu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn

Dng nhnh (11)