Qua Trinh Qua Do 2014b MK

Nguyn Cng Phng
Qu trnh qu
C s l thuyt mch in
Ni dung
I. Thng s mch
II. Phn t mch
III. Mch mt chiu
IV. Mch xoay chiu
V. Mng hai ca
VI. Mch ba pha
VII.Qu trnh qu
VIII.Khuch i thut ton
Qu trnh qu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
Qu trnh qu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php tch phn kinh in
Qu trnh qu trong mch RLC
Phng php ton t
Phng php hm qu v hm trng lng
Gii quyt mt s vn ca QTQ bng my tnh
Gii thiu (1)

Tt c cc mch in t trc n gi u trng
thi/ch xc lp
Ch xc lp: mi thng s trong mch in (dng
in, in p, cng sut, nng lng) u l hng s
(mch mt chiu) hoc bin thin chu k (mch xoay
chiu)
Qu (T in ting Vit): chuyn t ch ny sang
ch khc
Qu trnh qu (k thut in): qu trnh mch in
chuyn t ch xc lp ny sang ch xc lp khc
Gii thiu (2)

i (A)
Qu trnh qu
2
t
0
Gii thiu (3)

u (V)
Qu trnh qu
12
t
Qu trnh qu 0 - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
Gii thiu (4)

i (A)
2
wL(1) = 0
wL(2) 0
t = 0 ?
0
dw w wL(2) wL(1)
p
p (v l) t 0
dt
t
t
Nu t 0
(tn ti qu trnh qu )
Gii thiu (5)

i (A)
2
i 0 ?
i
t
di
i
uL L
dt
t
Nu t 0 & i 0
u (v l) i = 0
(dng in trong L phi lin tc)
Gii thiu (6)

u (V)
12
uC 0 ?
0
duC
uC
iC
C
dt
t
Nu t 0 & uC 0
uC
t
i (v l) uC = 0
(in p trn C phi lin tc)
Gii thiu (7)

Qu trnh qu xy ra khi c thay i t ngt v cu
trc ca cc mch in qun tnh
Qun tnh: c cc phn t L hoc/v C
Mt s gi thit n gin ha:
Cc phn t l tng
ng tc ng m l tng
Thay K bng R
R ch nhn cc gi tr 0 (khi K ng) & (khi K m)
Thi gian ng m bng 0
Lut Kirchhoff lun ng

10
Gii thiu (8)

uL(t)
Cun cm
trong mch
mt chiu
T in
trong mch
mt chiu
Ch xc lp c
Ch
qu
Ch xc lp mi
0
Ngn mch
t
Khng ngn mch
Ngn mch
Ch
qu
Ch xc lp mi
iC(t)
Ch xc lp c
0
H mch
t
Khng h mch
H mch
11
x(t)
S kin 2
Qu trnh qu
S kin 1
t
0
S kin 3
12
Qu trnh qu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
13
S kin (1)
Gi tr (& o hm cc cp) ngay sau thi im ng m
ca dng in trong cun cm & in p trn t in
iL(0), uC(0), iL(0), uC(0), iL(0), uC(0),
c dng tnh cc hng s tch phn ca nghim ca
qu trnh qu
Vic tnh s kin da vo:
Thng s mch ngay trc thi im ng m (ch c):
iL(0), uC(0)
Hai lut Kirchhoff
Hai lut ng m
Hai lut ng m tng qut
14
S kin (2)
f(0)
f(+0)
t
0
+0
15
S kin (3)
Hm bc nhy n v 1(t)
1(t )
0 t0
1 t0
t
-0 +0
0 t
1(t )
1 t
-0 +0
t
16
S kin (4)
t=0
1(t)e(t)
t = 5s
1(t 5)e(t)
e(t)
e(t)
17
S kin (5)
[1(t )]' t 0 ?
Tnh kh vi ca hm 1(t)
[1(t )]' t 0 (t ) (hm Dirac)

18
S kin (6)
Hm Dirac (t)
(t )
0 t 0 & t 0
d
(t ) 1(t )
0 t 0
dt
(t ) 1
( 2)
0 +0
(t )
d2
2 [1(t )] '
dt
d
(t ) 1(t )
dt
0 +0
t
19
S kin (7)
Lut/quy tc ng m 1: dng in trong mt cun cm
ngay sau khi ng m iL(+0) bng dng in trong cun
cm ngay trc khi ng m iL(0)
iL(+0) = iL(0)
Lut/quy tc ng m 2: in p trn mt t in ngay
sau khi ng m uC(+0) bng in p trn t in
ngay trc khi ng m uC(0)
uC(+0) = uC(0)
20
VD1
S kin (8)
Ti thi im t = 0 kho K ng li.

Tnh s kin iL(0) & iL(0) ca cun cm.
iL(0) = 0 A
iL(+0) = iL(0)
iL(0) = iL(+0) = 0 A
6i + 2i = 12 6i(0) + 2i(0) = 12
i(0) = iL(0) = 0 A
6.0 + 2i(0) = 12
i(0) = 12/2 = 6 A/s
21
S kin (9)
VD2
Ti thi im t = 0 kho K m ra.

Tnh s kin iL(0) & iL(0) ca cun cm.
iL(0) = 12/3 = 4 A
iL(+0) = iL(0)
iL(0) = iL(+0) = 4 A
6i + 2i = 12 6i(0) + 2i(0) = 12
i(0) = iL(0) = 4 A
6.4 + 2i(0) = 12
i(0) = (12 24)/2 = 6 A/s

22
S kin (10)
VD3
Ti thi im t = 0 kho K ng li.

Tnh s kin uC(0) & uC(0) ca t in.
uC(0) = 0 V
uC(+0) = uC(0)
6i + uC = 12
i = 106uC
uC(0) = uC(+0) = 0 V
6.106 uC + uC = 12
6.106 uC(0) + uC(0) = 12
uC(0) = 0 V
6.106uC(0) + 0 = 12
uC(0) = 12/6.10 6 = 2.106 V/s

23
S kin (11)
VD4
Ti thi im t = 0 kho K m ra.

Tnh s kin uC(0) & uC(0) ca t in.
uC(0) = 12 V
uC(+0) = uC(0)
uC(0) = uC(+0) = 12 V
6i6 + uC = 12
i6 = i3 + iC
i3 = uC/3
iC = 106uC
6(uC/3 + 106uC) + uC = 12
i6 = uC/3 + 106uC 3u + 6.106u = 12
C
C
3uC(0) + 6.106uC(0) = 12
uC(0) = 12 V
uC(0) = 4.106 V/s
24
VD5
S kin (12)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ;
R3 = 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tnh cc s kin iL(0),
uC(0), iL(0), uC(0).
E1
120
3A
iL (0)
R1 R3 10 30
iL (0) iL (0) 3A
uC (0) uR1 R1iL (0) 10.3 30 V

uC (0) uC (0) 30 V
25
VD5
S kin (13)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ;
R3 = 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
uC(0), iL(0), uC(0).
i1 i2 i3 0
'
Li1 R1i1 R2i2 uC E2
u R i R i E E
2 2
3 3
1
2
C
i2 CuC'
i1 CuC' i3 0
'
Li1 R1i1 R2CuC' uC E2
'
R
Cu
2
C R3i3 E1 E2
C
26
VD5
S kin (14)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ;
R3 = 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
uC(0), iL(0), uC(0).
i1 CuC' i3 0
'
'
Li
R
i
R
Cu
1
11
2
C uC E2
'
R
Cu
2
C R3i3 E1 E2
C
i1 (0) CuC' (0) i3 (0) 0

'
Li1 (0) R1i1 (0) R2CuC' (0) uC (0) E2
'
u
(0)
R
Cu
2
C (0) R3i3 (0) E1 E2
C
27
VD5
S kin (15)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ;
R3 = 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
uC(0), iL(0), uC(0).
i1 (0) CuC' (0) i3 (0) 0

'
'
Li
(0)
R
i
(0)
R
Cu
1
11
2
C (0) uC (0) E2
'
u
(0)
R
Cu
2
C (0) R3i3 (0) E1 E2
C
i1 (0) iL (0) 3A
uC (0) 30 V
28
VD5
S kin (16)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ;
R3 = 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
uC(0), iL(0), uC(0).
3 103 uC' (0) i3 (0) 0

'
3 '
1.
i
(0)
10.3
20.10
uC (0) 30 40
1
3 '
30
20.10
uC (0) 30i3 (0) 120 40
i1' (0) 24 A/s

'
uC (0) 800 V/s
i (0) 2, 2 A
3
29
VD5
S kin (17)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ;
R3 = 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
uC(0), iL(0), uC(0). Tnh iL(0) ?
i1 CuC' i3 0
i1' CuC' ' i3' 0
'
''
'
'
''
'
'
Li
R
i
R
Cu
Li
R
i
R
Cu
E
1
1
11
2
C
C
2
11
2
C
C
2 0
'
'
''
'
R
Cu
R
i
R
Cu
R
i
2
C
3 3
1
2
2
C
3 3 ( E1 E2 ) ' 0
C
C
i1'' (0)
i1' (0) CuC' ' (0) i3' (0) 0
''
''
'
''
'
Li1 (0) R1i1 (0) R2CuC (0) uC (0) 0 uC (0)
'
'
''
'
i3 (0)
u
(0)
R
Cu
(0)
R
i
(0)
0
C
2
C
3
3
30
S kin (18)
iL1 (0)
E
R1
iL 2 (0) 0
iL1 (0) iL 2 (0)
iL1 (0) iL1 (0)

iL 2 (0) iL 2 (0)
(vi phm quy tc 1)
uC1 (0) E
uC 2 (0) 0
uC1 (0) uC 2 (0)
uC 2 (0) uC 2 (0)
(vi phm quy tc 2)
31
S kin (19)
Lut/quy tc ng m tng qut 1: tng t thng trong mt vng
kn ngay sau khi ng m (+0) bng tng t thng trong vng
kn ngay trc khi ng m (0)
(+0) = (0)
Lut/quy tc ng m tng qut 2: tng in tch mt nh ngay
sau khi ng m q(+0) bng tng in tch nh ngay trc
khi ng m q(0)
q(+0) = q(0)
32
S kin (20)
VD6
E = 120 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L1 = 1 H; L2 = 2 H.
Ti thi im t = 0 kho K m ra. Tnh s kin iL2(0).
L1 ( 0) L1i1 ( 0)
L 2 ( 0) L2i2 ( 0)
L1 (0) L1i (0)
L 2 (0) L2i (0)
( 0) L1i1 ( 0) L2i2 ( 0)
(0) L1i (0) L2i (0) ( L1 L2 )i (0)
(0) (0)
L1i1 (0) L2i2 (0)

L1i1 (0) L2i2 (0) ( L1 L2 )i (0) i (0)
L1 L2
33
VD6
S kin (21)
E = 120 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L1 = 1 H; L2 = 2 H.
Ti thi im t = 0 kho K m ra. Tnh s kin iL2(0).
L1i1 (0) L2i2 (0)

i (0)
L1 L2
E 120
i1 (0)
12 A
R1 10
i2 (0) 0
1.12 2.0
i (0)
4A
1 2
iL 2 (0) 4 A
34
S kin (22)
VD7
E = 120 V; R = 10 ; C1 = 1 mF; C2 = 2 mF. Ti thi

im t = 0 kho K ng vo. Tnh s kin uC2(0).
qC1 (0) C1uC1 (0)
qC 2 (0) C2uC 2 (0)

qC1 (0) C1uC1 (0)
qC 2 (0) C2uC 2 (0)
q (0) C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0)

q(0) C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0)
(C1 C2 )uC 2 (0)
q(+0) = q(0)
C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0) (C1 C2 )uC 2 (0)
35
S kin (23)
VD7
E = 120 V; R = 10 ; C1 = 1 mF; C2 = 2 mF. Ti thi

im t = 0 kho K ng vo. Tnh s kin uC2(0).
C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0) (C1 C2 )uC 2 (0)

C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0)
uC 2 (0)
C1 C2
uC1 (0) E 120 V
uC 2 (0) 0
103.120 0
uC 2 (0) 3
40 V
3
10 2.10
36
S kin (24)
Khi no dng 2 lut ng m & khi no dng 2 lut
ng m tng qut?
Nu dng in trong cun cm v/hoc in p trn t
in bin thin lin tc 2 lut ng m
Nu dng in trong cun cm v/hoc in p trn t
in bin thin t ngt 2 lut ng m tng qut
37
S kin (25)
tnh s kin bc 0 [iL(0) & uC(0)]:
1. Tnh thng s ch c: iL(0) & uC(0)
2. p dng 2 lut ng m hoc 2 lut ng m tng qut
tnh s kin bc 1 [iL(0) & uC(0)]

3. Lp (h) phng trnh () (theo KD & KA) m t mch in
sau khi ng m
4. Gii ()
tnh s kin bc 2 [iL(0) & uC(0)]

5. Ly o hm 2 v ca (), c ()
6. Gii ()

38
Qu trnh qu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
39
Tch phn kinh in (1)
=
Nghim ca qu
trnh qu :
x(t) = xxl(t) + xtd(t)
Nghim ca (h)
phng trnh vi phn
m t mch:
f(x, x, x, ) = e
+
Nghim xc lp:
xxl(t)
- Vt l: do ngun duy tr
- Ton hc: l nghim ring ca
PTVP khng thun nht (c v
phi)
- Tun theo quy lut bin thin
ca ngun
- bit cch tnh (mt chiu,
iu ho, chu k)
- Cn gi l cng bc
Nghim t do:
xtd(t)
- Vt l: khng do ngun
duy tr, v ngun dng
cho xxl
- Ton hc: l nghim
ring ca PTVP thun
nht (khng c v phi)
- Ch ph thuc vo bn
cht ca mch, khng
ph thuc vo ngun
40
Tch phn kinh in (2)
Ri Li ' E
Phng trnh vi phn thun nht: Ri Li ' 0
Nghim: itd Ae
pt
RAe pt LApe pt 0
( R Lp) Ae pt 0
Lp R 0 (phng trnh c trng)
R
(nghim c trng)
p
L
itd Ae
R
t
L
(nghim t do)
41
Tch phn kinh in (3)
+
E
ixl
R
E E RL t
i e
R R
itd Ae
R
t
L
R
t
E
i ixl itd Ae L
E
E
R
Ae0 0
A
R
R
i (0) iL (0) iL (0) 0
42
Tch phn kinh in (4)

1. Tnh nghim xc lp (kha v tr mi)
2. Lp phng trnh c trng (kha v
tr mi)
3. Gii phng trnh c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin [kha v tr c: x(0); &
mi: x(0)]
6. T s kin tnh cc hng s tch phn
7. Tng hp kt qu
E
1. ixl
R
2. Lp R 0
R
3. p
L
R
t
L
4. itd Ae
5. i (0) 0
E
6. A
R
E E RL t
7. i e
R R
43
Tch phn kinh in (5)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Tnh nghim xc lp (kha v tr mi)

Lp phng trnh c trng (kha v tr mi)
Gii phng trnh c trng tm nghim c trng
Vit dng tng qut ca nghim t do
Tnh s kin [kha v tr c: x(0); & mi: x(0)]
T s kin tnh cc hng s tch phn
Tng hp kt qu
44
Tch phn kinh in (6)
Ritd Li 'td 0
itd Ae pt
( R Lp ) Ae pt 0
Lp R 0
(phng trnh c trng)
Ri pLi 0 R Lp 0
(phng trnh c trng)
45
VD1
Tch phn kinh in (7)
E = 12 V; R = 6 ; L = 2 mH. Ti thi im t = 0 kho K

ng li. Tnh dng in qu trong mch.
E 12
2A
ixl
6
R
Lpi Ri 0 Lp R 0
6
R
3000
p
3
2.10
L
itd Ae pt Ae 3000t
i ixl itd 2 Ae 3000t
i (0) iL (0) iL (0) 0
i (0) 2 A 0 A 2 i 2 2e
3000 t
46
Tch phn kinh in (8)

1
Ritd itd dt 0
C
itd Ae pt
1
1
pt
pt
pt
Ae pt 0
RAe Ae dt 0 RAe
pC
C
1
1 pt
0
R
Ae 0
pC
pC
(phng trnh c trng)
1
1
0
Ri
i0
pC
pC
(phng trnh c trng)
47
Tch phn kinh in (9)
pL
1
pC
48
VD2
Tch phn kinh in (10)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0 kho K chuyn t 1
sang 2. Tm phng trnh c trng & nghim c trng.
i1 i2 i3 0
1
Li '1 R1i1 R2i2 i2dt 0
C
1
R2i2 i2dt R3i3 0
C
i1 A1e pt
i2 A2 e pt
i3 A3e pt
A1e pt A2e pt A3e pt 0

LpA1e pt R1 A1e pt R2 A2e pt
R2 A2e pt
1
A2e pt 0
pC
1
A2e pt R3 A3e pt 0
pC
49
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
A1e pt A2e pt A3e pt 0

1
LpA1e R1 A1e R2 A2e
A2e pt 0
pC
1
R2 A2e pt
A2e pt R3 A3e pt 0
pC
pt
pt
pt
1
Lp R1
0
1
1
R2
pC
1
R2
pC
A1e pt 0
0 A2e pt 0

pt
A3e 0
R3
50
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
1
Lp R1
0
1
1
R2
pC
1
R2
pC
A1e pt 0
0 A2e pt 0

pt
A3e 0
R3
A1e pt
pt
A
e
2 0
A3e pt
1
Lp R1
0
1
1
pC
1
R2
pC
R2
1
0 0
R3
51
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
1
Lp R1
0
1
1
R2
pC
1
R2
pC
1
0 0
R3
LC ( R2 R3 ) p 2 [( R2 R3 R1 R2 R1 R3 )C L] p ( R1 R3 )
0
Cp
LC ( R2 R3 ) p 2 [( R2 R3 R1 R2 R1 R3 )C L] p ( R1 R3 ) 0
(phng trnh c trng)
52
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
Cch 2:
i1 i2 i3 0
Lpi1 R1i1 R2i2
1
i2 0
pC
1
R2i2
i2 R3i3 0
pC
1
1
1
Lp R1
0
1
pC
1
R2
pC
R2
i1 0
0 i2 0

i3 0
R3
53
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
Cch 2:
1
Lp R1
1
R2
pC
1
R2
pC
i1 0
0 i2 0

i3 0
R3
i1
i 0
2
i3
1
Lp R1
0
1
1
pC
1
R2
pC
R2
1
0 0
R3
54
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
Cch 3:
uab
uab Z abia
uab 0
ia 0
ia
Z ab
1
)] pL R1
Z ab 0 [ R3 //( R2
pC
LC ( R2 R3 ) p 2 [( R2 R3 R1 R2 R1 R3 )C L] p ( R1 R3 ) 0
(phng trnh c trng)
55

Mch in sau khi ng/m
Trit tiu ngun
Mch in khng ngun
L pL
H p/trnh vi tch phn
1
pC
Mch in i s ho
x Ae pt
H p/trnh i s
nh thc = 0
Ct i dy dn
mt ch bt k
H p/trnh i s
nh thc = 0
Tng tr vo ti
bng zero: Zv = 0
Phng trnh c trng

56
VD3
E = 120 V; J = 12 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ; L
= 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0 kho K chuyn t 1
1
Z ab ( pL R2 ) //( R1
) R3
pC
1
)
pC
R3
1
( pL R2 ) ( R1
)
pC
( pL R2 )( R1
1
)
3
2
4
10 p
40
p
2100
p
5.10
2
4
30
40
p
2100
p
5.10
0
2
3
1
p 60 p 10
( p 20) (10 3 )
p1,2 26, 25 j 23,68
10 p
( p 20)(10
57
VD3
E = 120 V; J = 12 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ; L
= 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0 kho K chuyn t 1
Z ab ( pL R2 ) // R3 R1
1
pC
( pL R2 ) R3
1
R1
( pL R2 ) R3
pC
( p 20)30
1
40 p 2 2100 p 5.104
2
4
40
p
2100
p
5.10
0
10 3
2
p 20 30
10 p
p 50 p
p1,2 26, 25 j 23,68
58

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Tng hp kt qu
59

PTT c nghim thc p1, p2
xtd (t ) A1e p t A2e p t

1
PTT c nghim phc p1,2 = j
xtd (t ) Ae sin(t )
t
PTT c nghim kp p1 = p2=
xtd (t ) ( A1 A2t )e
60
VD4
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
Khi kho v tr 1, mch trng thi xc lp. Ti thi im t = 0
kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tm in p qu trn t in.
uCxl uR 2 R2
Zv
E
120
20
80 V
10
20
R1 R2
R1 ( R2 pL)
1
R1 R2 pL pC
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
(kha v tr mi)
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng (kha v tr
mi)
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin [kha
v tr c: x(0); & mi:
x(0)]
6. T s kin tnh cc
hng s tch phn
7. Tng hp kt qu
10(20 p )
1
10 p 2 1200 p 30000
3
10 20 p 10 p
p( p 30)
10 p 2 1200 p 30000 0
p1 84,5; p2 35,5
uCtd (t ) A1e 84,5t A2e 35,5t
cn 2 s kin: uC(0) & uC(0)

61
VD4
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
Cn 2 s kin: uC(0) & uC(0)
iL (0) iL ( 0) J 10 A; uC (0) uC ( 0) R2 J 20.10 200 V
i1 iL CuC ' 0
i1 iL iC 0
R1i1 R2iL LiL ' E

R1i1 R2iL LiL ' E
R i u E
R i u E
11 C
11 C
i1 (0) iL (0) CuC '(0) 0
R1i1 (0) R2iL (0) LiL '(0) E

R i (0) u (0) E
C
11
i1 (0) 10 103 uC '(0) 0
10i1 (0) 20.10 iL '(0) 120 uC '(0) 18000 V/s

10i (0) 200 120
1
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
(kha v tr mi)
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng (kha v tr
mi)
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin [kha
v tr c: x(0); & mi:
x(0)]
6. T s kin tnh cc
hng s tch phn
7. Tng hp kt qu
62
VD4
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
uCxl 80 V; uCtd (t ) A1e 84,5t A2e 35,5t

uC '(0) 18000 V/s
uC (0) 200 V;
uC uCxl uCtd 80 A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t
uC (0) 80 A1 A2 200
uC ' [80 A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t ]'
84,5 A1e 84,5t 35,5 A2 e 35,5t
A1 280
A2 160
uC '(0) 84,5 A1 35,5 A2 18000

uC 80 280e 84,5t 160e 35,5t V
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
(kha v tr mi)
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng (kha v tr
mi)
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin [kha
v tr c: x(0); & mi:
x(0)]
6. T s kin tnh cc
hng s tch phn
7. Tng hp kt qu
63
VD4
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
uC 80 280e 84,5t 160e 35,5t V
200V
80V
t
0
uCtd
uC (0)
uC (0) 200 V
uCxl
uCtd (t ) A1e 84,5t A2e 35,5t V

uCxl 80 V
64
VD5
E = 120 V; J = 10sin10t A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.

Khi kho v tr 1, mch trng thi xc lp. Ti thi im t = 0 kho
K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tm in p qu trn t in.
uCxl uR 2
Zv
E
120
R2
20
80 V
R1 R2
10 20
R1 ( R2 pL)
1
10(20 p )
1
3
R1 R2 pL pC 10 20 p 10 p
10 p 2 1200 p 30000
10 p 2 1200 p 30000 0
p( p 30)
p1 84,5; p2 35,5
uCtd (t ) A1e 84,5t A2e 35,5t cn 2 s kin: uC(0) & uC(0)

1. Tnh nghim xc lp
(kha v tr mi)
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng (kha v tr
mi)
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin [kha
v tr c: x(0); & mi:
x(0)]
6. T s kin tnh cc
hng s tch phn
7. Tng hp kt qu
65
VD5

10
0o
2
IL
7,67 12,5o A
20 j10 j100
( j100)
j100
20
J
j10
iL (t ) 7,67 2 sin(10t 12,5o ) A

iL ( 0) 7,67 2 sin( 12,5o ) 2,35 A
iL (0) iL ( 0) 2,35 A
U C (20 j10) IL 172 14o A
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
(kha v tr mi)
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng (kha v tr
mi)
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin [kha
v tr c: x(0); & mi:
x(0)]
6. T s kin tnh cc
hng s tch phn
7. Tng hp kt qu
uC ( 0) 172 2 sin(14o ) 58,67 V uC (0) uC ( 0) 58,67 V

66
VD5

iL (0) 2,35 A; uC (0) 58,67 V
i1 iL CuC ' 0
i1 iL iC 0
R
i
R
i
Li
'
E
R1i1 R2iL LiL ' E
11
2 L
L
R i u E
R i u E
1
1
C
11 C
i1 (0) iL (0) CuC '(0) 0
R1i1 (0) R2iL (0) LiL '(0) E

R i (0) u (0) E
C
11
i1 (0) 2,35 103 uC '(0) 0
10i1 (0) 20( 2,35) iL '(0) 120 uC '(0) 8483 V/s

10i (0) 58,67 120
1
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
(kha v tr mi)
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng (kha v tr
mi)
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin [kha
v tr c: x(0); & mi:
x(0)]
6. T s kin tnh cc
hng s tch phn
7. Tng hp kt qu
67
VD5

uCxl 80 V;
uCtd (t ) A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t
uC (0) 58,67 V;
uC '(0) 8483 V/s
uC uCxl uCtd 80 A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t

uC (0) 80 A1 A2 58,67
uC ' [80 A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t ]'
84,5 A1e 84,5t 35,5 A2 e 35,5t
A1 158
A2 136
uC '(0) 84,5 A1 35,5 A2 8483
uC 80 158e 84,5t 136e 35,5t V

1. Tnh nghim xc lp
(kha v tr mi)
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng (kha v tr
mi)
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin [kha
v tr c: x(0); & mi:
x(0)]
6. T s kin tnh cc
hng s tch phn
7. Tng hp kt qu
68
VD5

j100
20
J
uC 80 158e 84,5t 136e 35,5t V

u
j10
80V
59V
0
uCtd
uCxl
69
VD6
E = 120sin10t V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
j100(20 j10)
120 / 2
U Cxl
60,5 4,1o V
j100 20 j10 10 j100(20 j10)
j100 20 j10
uCxl 60,5 2 sin(10t 4,1o ) V
R1 ( R2 pL)
1
10(20 p )
1
Zv
3
R1 R2 pL pC 10 20 p 10 p
10
E
20
j100
j10
10 p 2 1200 p 30000
10 p 2 1200 p 30000 0
p( p 30)
p1 84,5; p2 35,5
uCtd (t ) A1e 84,5t A2e 35,5t cn 2 s kin: uC(0) & uC(0)

70
VD6
iL (0) iL (0) J 10 A
uC (0) uC ( 0) R2 J 20.10 200 V

i1 (0) iL (0) CuC '(0) 0
i1 iL CuC ' 0
i1 iL iC 0
R
i
R
i
Li
'
E
R
i
R
i
Li
'
E
R1i1 (0) R2iL (0) LiL '(0) E (0)
11
11
2 L
L
2 L
L
R i (0) u (0) E (0)
R i u E
R i u E
C
11
11 C
11 C
i1 (0) 10 103 uC '(0) 0
10i1 (0) 20.10 iL '(0) 120sin(0) 0 uC '(0) 30000 V/s

10i (0) 200 120sin(0) 0
1
71
VD6
84,5t
A2 e 35,5t
uCxl 60,5 2 sin(10t 4,1o ) V; uCtd (t ) A1e
uC (0) 200 V; uC '(0) 30000 V/s

uC uCxl uCtd 60,5 2 sin(10t 4,1o ) A1e 84,5t A2e 35,5t
uC (0) 60,5 2 sin(4,1o ) A1 A2 200
uC ' [60,5 2 sin(10t 4,1o ) A1e 84,5t A2e 35,5t ]'
10.60,5 2 cos(10t 4,1o ) 84,5 A1e 84,5t 35,5 A2e 35,5t
uC '(0) 10.60,5 2 cos(4,1o ) 84,5 A1 35,5 A2 30000

A1 489
uC 60,5 2 sin(10t 4,1o ) 489e 84,5t 295e 35,5t V

A2 295
72
VD6
uC 60,5 2 sin(10t 4,1o ) 489e 84,5t 295e 35,5t V

u
200V
73
VD7
E = 120sin10t V; J = 10sin10t A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H;
C = 1 mF. Khi kho v tr 1, mch trng thi xc lp. Ti thi im
t = 0 kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tm in p qu trn t in.
74
VD8
E = 120e25t V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
uCxl ?
75

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Tng hp kt qu
76
Qu trnh qu
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gii thiu
S kin
a) RL
b) RC
c) RLC
5. Phng php ton t

6. Phng php hm qu v hm trng lng
7. Gii quyt mt s vn ca QTQ bng my tnh
77
RL (1)
E
ixl
R
R
R
t
t
R
E
Lp R 0 p
itd Ae L i ixl itd Ae L
L
R
iL (0) iL (0) 0
R
t
E E RL t E
E
E
i e (1 e L )
i (0) A iL (0) 0 A
R R
R
R
R
R
R
t
t
E
uR Ri R (1 e L ) E (1 e L )
R
E E
uL Li ' L e
R R
R
t
L
'
R
t
L
Ee
78
E
R
i(t)
RL (2)
E RL t
itd e
R
E
R
R
t
E
i (1 e L )
R
uR E (1 e
R
t
L
u(t)
E
uL Ee
R
t
L
t
79
RL (3)
e Em sin(t e )
ixl I m sin(t i )
Em
Im
; i e ; arctan L
R 2 ( L) 2
R
R
t
R
Lp R 0 p itd Ae L
L
R
t
i ixl itd I m sin(t i ) Ae L
I m sin i A 0
i (0) iL (0) iL (0) 0
A I m sin i
i I m sin(t i ) I m sin i e
R
t
L
80
RL (4)
R
t
i I m sin(t i ) I m sin i e L
1
e Em sin(t e )
0.8
ixl
0.6
0.4
itd
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
81
RL (5)
R
t
1
e Em sin(t e )
0.8
ixl
0.6
0.4
i
2
itd
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
82
RL (6)
R
t
e Em sin(t e )
i
0.5
i
2
R
1
L
ixl
itd
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
83
RL (7)
R
t
1
e Em sin(t e )
0.8
ixl
0.6
0.4
i 0
itd
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
84
RL (8)
85
Qu trnh qu
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gii thiu
S kin
a) RL
b) RC
c) RLC
5. Phng php ton t

86
RC (1)
uCxl E
t
1
1
RC
uCtd Ae
R 0 p
RC
Cp
E
1
t
uC uCxl uCtd E Ae RC
u(t)
uC (0) uC (0) 0
uC (0) E A 0 A E
uC E Ee
1
t
RC
E (1 e
i CuC ' C ( E Ee
1
t
RC
1
t
RC
1
t
E RC
)' e
R
0
E
R
i(t)
0
t
87
RC (2)
e Em sin(t e )
ixl I m sin(t e )
Em
1
Im
; arctan
2
RC
1
2
R
1
I
U Cxl
I e
e / 2
jC
C
uCxl
Im
sin(t e )
C
2
88
RC (3)
e Em sin(t e )
uCxl U m sin(t e )
2
Em
1
Um
; arctan
2
RC
1
2
C R
C
1
t
1
1
RC
uCtd Ae
R0 p
RC
Cp
1
t
RC
uC uCxl uCtd U m sin(t e / 2) Ae
uC (0) uC (0) 0
U m sin(e / 2) A 0 A U m sin(e / 2)
uC U m sin(t e / 2) U m sin(e / 2) e
1
t
RC
89
RC (4)
e Em sin(t e )
1
t
RC
i CuC '
1
RC
C U m sin(t e / 2) U m sin(e / 2) e
'
U
m
RC t
CU m cos(t e / 2)
sin(e / 2) e
R
90
RC (5)
e Em sin(t e )
1
1
t
RC
uCxl
0.8
0.6
uCtd
0.4
0.2
uC
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
91
RC (6)
e Em sin(t e )
1
t
RC
uCxl
1.5
uC
1
1
RC
0.5
uCtd
-0.5
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
92
RC (7)
93
Qu trnh qu
1.
2.
3.
4.
Gii thiu
S kin
a) RL
b) RC
c) RLC
5. Phng php ton t

94
RLC (1)
ixl 0; uCxl E
2
R
1
1
R
2
R Lp
0 LCp RCp 1 0
1,2
2L
2
L
Cp
LC
iL (0) iL (0) 0; uC (0) uC (0) 0

Ri Li ' uC E Ri (0) Li '(0) uC (0) E
i CuC ' i (0) CuC '(0)
i (0) 0
Li '(0) E
E
i '(0)
L
uC '(0) 0
95
RLC (2)
ixl 0; uCxl E
iL (0) iL (0) 0; uC (0) uC (0) 0

E
i '(0) ; uC '(0) 0
L
R
1
R
p1,2

2L
2 L LC
R 2 L/C :
itd A1e p1t A2 e p2t ;
uCtd B1e p1t B2 e p2t
R 2 L/C :
itd ( A1 A2t )e t ;
uCtd ( B1 B2t )e t
R 2 L/C :
itd Ae t sin(t );
uCtd Be t sin(t )
96
RLC (3)
VD1
E = 100 V; R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
ixl 0; uCxl 100 V; iL (0) 0; uC (0) 0

p1 250; p2 50; i '(0) 1000 A/s; uC '(0) 0
i ixl itd 0 A1e 250t A2 e 50t i (0) A1 A2 0

i ' 250 A1e 250t
uC uCxl uCtd
A1 5
50 t
50 A2 e i '(0) 250 A1 50 A2 1000
A2 5
i 5e 250t 5e 50t A
100 B1e 250t B2 e 50t uC (0) 100 B1 B2 0
uC ' 250 B1e 250t 50 B2 e 50t uC '(0) 250 B1 50 B2 0

B1 25
B2 125
uC 100 25e 250t 125e 50t V
97
RLC (4)
VD1
E = 100 V; R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
i 5e 250t 5e 50t A
3
2.5
1.5
0.5
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
98
RLC (5)
VD1
E = 100 V; R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
uC 100 25e 250t 125e 50t V

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
99
RLC (6)
VD2
E = 100 V; R = 22,36 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
ixl 0; uCxl 100 V; iL (0) 0; uC (0) 0

p1 p2 112;
i '(0) 1000 A/s; uC '(0) 0
i ixl itd 0 ( A1 A2t )e 112t i (0) A1 0

i ' 112 A1e 112t A2 e 112t 112 A2te 112t i '(0) 112 A1 A2 1000
uC uCxl uCtd
112 t
1000
te
A
A2 1000
100 ( B1 B2t )e 112t uC (0) 100 B1 0
uC ' 112 B1e 112t B2 e 112t 112 B2te 112t

112 t
V
uC '(0) 112 B1 B2 0 uC 100 (100 11200t )e
100
RLC (7)
VD2
E = 100 V; R = 22,36 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
i 1000te 112t A
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
101
RLC (8)
VD2
E = 100 V; R = 22,36 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
110
uC 100 (100 11200t )e 112t V
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
102
VD3
RLC (9)
E = 100 V; R = 2 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 3,85 mF.
ixl 0; uCxl 100 V; iL (0) 0; uC (0) 0

p1,2 100 j 50
i '(0) 1000 A/s; uC '(0) 0
i 0 Ae 100t sin(50t ) i (0) A sin 0

i ' 10 Ae 100t sin(50t ) 50 Ae 100t cos(50t )
i '(0) 10 A sin 50 A cos 1000
i 20e 100t sin 50t A
A 20
uC 100 Be 100t sin(50t ) uC (0) 100 B sin 0

uC ' 10 Be 100t sin(50t ) 50 Be 100t cos(50t )
uC '(0) 10 B sin 50 B cos 0
B 102
100 t
0
100
102
e
sin(50
t
26,
6
)V
C
0
26,
6
103
RLC (10)
VD3
E = 100 V; R = 2 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 3,85 mF.
i 20e 100t sin 50t A

15
10
-5
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
104
RLC (11)
VD3
E = 100 V; R = 2 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 3,85 mF.
uC 100 102e 100t sin(50t 26,6o ) V

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
105
RLC (12)
e Em sin(t e )
ixl I m sin(t e )
2 LC 1
Em
Im
; arctan
2
RC
1
2
R L
1
I
U Cxl
I e
e / 2
jC
C
uCxl
Im
sin(t e )
C
2
2
R
1
1
R
2

R Lp
0 LCp RCp 1 0 p1,2
Cp
2L
2 L LC
106
RLC (13)
iL (0) iL (0) 0; uC (0) uC (0) 0
e Em sin(t e )
Ri Li ' uC e Ri (0) Li '(0) uC (0) e(0)
Em sin e
0 Li '(0) 0 Em sin e i '(0)
L
i CuC ' i (0) CuC '(0) 0 uC '(0) 0
R 2 L/C :
itd A1e p1t A2 e p2t ;
uCtd B1e p1t B2 e p2t
R 2 L/C :
itd ( A1 A2t )e t ;
uCtd ( B1 B2t )e t
itd Ae t sin(ttd );
uCtd Be t sin(td t )
R 2 L/C :
107
RLC (14)
e Em sin(t e )
i I m sin(t e ) A1e p1t A2 e p2t
R 2 L/C
3.5
ixl
3
2.5
itd
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
108
RLC (15)
e Em sin(t e )
i I m sin(t e ) Ae t sin(td t )
R 2 L/C
20
ixl
15
itd
10
i
5
-5
-10
-15
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
109
RLC (16)
e Em sin(t e )
R 2 L / C ; td
i I m sin(t e ) Ae t sin(t )
(Cng hng) 1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
110
Mch ch c 1 L & 1 C tnh s kin cp 0 & 1

Mch c m L v/hoc C tnh s kin n cp n 1
(vn 1)
Phng trnh c trng c n bc cn tm n hng s
tch phn gii h n phng trnh n n (vn 2)
Ngun c dng e = Aet rt kh tm dng/p xc lp
(vn 3)
Phng php ton t:
Ch cn tnh iL(0) & uC(0)
Khng cn tnh hng s tch phn
C th p dng i vi ngun c dng phc tp
111
Qu trnh qu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
112
Phng php ton t (1)
Mch in
(H) phng trnh

trong min thi gian
kh
Bin i Laplace ngc
Bin i Laplace thun

(H) phng trnh
trong min ton t
(B) nghim trong

min thi gian
(c th) d hn
(B) nghim trong

min ton t
113
Phng php ton t (2)

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Bin i thun Laplace

Tnh cht c bn ca bin i thun Laplace
Tm nh Laplace t gc thi gian
Bin i ngc Laplace
Tnh cht c bn ca bin i ngc Laplace
Tm gc thi gian t nh Laplace
S ton t
Gii bi ton qu bng phng php ton t
114
Bin i thun Laplace (1)

nh
Gc
1(t ) x(t ) X ( p )
X ( p) Lx(t ) x(t )e pt dt lim x(t )e pt dt

0
p = + j;
p : ton t Laplace
115
Bin i thun Laplace (2)

1(t ) x(t ) X ( p)
y l bin i mt pha, ch t 0
X(p) hi t th x(t) mi c nh
X(p) hi t khi x(t)e-pt hi t
x(t)e-pt hi t khi x(t) Met vi > 0 x(t) phi tng
chm hn mt hm m
VD hm c nh Laplace: const, sin, et, tn
VD hm khng c nh Laplace: exp(t2)
Phn ln cc hm trong thit b in u c nh Laplace
116
Tnh cht c bn ca bin i Laplace (1)

x(t) X(p) = L[x(t)]
Tuyn tnh:
c1x1(t)+c2x2(t) c1X1(p)+c2X2(p)
nh ca o hm ca gc:
x(t) pX(p) x(0)
x(t) p2X(p) px(0) x(0)
117
Tnh cht c bn ca bin i Laplace (2)

nh ca tch phn ca gc:
X ( p) x(0)
0 x(t )dt p p
Tr (dch):
1(t )x(t ) X(p)e p
Gii hn u:
lim x(t ) lim pX ( p)
t 0
T l (ng dng):
1
p
x(at ) X ( )
a
a
118
Tm nh Laplace (1)
Dng bng
(t ) 1
(t ) e p
1
1(t )
p
1
t1(t ) 2
p
1(t )e
at
pa
1(t ) sin t 2
p 2
1(t ) cos t
...
p
p2 2
119
Tm nh Laplace (2)
Dng tnh cht
5t e
1
t 2
p
e
25t
25t
5
1
2
p
p 25
5
5t 2
p
p 25
120
Tm nh Laplace (3)
Dng nh ngha
3 2t
x(t ) 4t e
X ( p)
4t e e
3 2t
pt
dt
3 ( p 2 ) t
4
4
t
e
4
3
( p 2 ) t
( p 2 ) t 2
X ( p)
t
d
e
3
e
t dt A B
( p 2) 0
( p 2) 0 ( p 2) 0
12
12 2 ( p 2 ) t
24 ( p 2 ) t
2
( p 2 ) t
A0 B
t de
te
e
tdt C D
2
2
2
( p 2) 0
( p 2)
( p 2) 0
0
C 0
24
24
24 ( p 2 ) t
( p 2 ) t
( p 2 ) t
D
tde
te
e
dt E F
3
3
3
( p 2) 0
( p 2)
( p 2) 0
0
E 0
24
24
( p 2 ) t
F
e
4
4
( p 2)
(
p
2
)
0
X ( p)
24
( p 2) 4
121
Tm nh Laplace (4)
C 3 cch:
Tra bng
Tnh cht
nh ngha
Thng kt hp cch 1 & cch 2
122
Tm nh Laplace (5)
Tm nh Laplace ca xung vung?
1
F ( p ) L[u (t )] L[u (t a )]
1
L[u (t )]
p
e p
L[u (t a )]
p
u (t )
1
0
u (t a )
1 e ap 1 e ap
F ( p)
p
p
p
0
1
t
a
123
Phng php ton t

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Bin i thun Laplace

Bin i ngc Laplace
S ton t
124
Bin i ngc Laplace
1 j
pt
L X ( p ) x(t )
X
(
p
)
e
dp
2j j
1
Ch c gc nu tch phn ny hi t
Cn gi l tm gc ca nh
Cc cch tm gc thi gian t nh ton t:
Dng bng tnh sn
Dng khai trin phn thc hu t
Dng nh ngha
125

Vi phn ca nh:
d
X ( p) tx(t )
dp
Tch phn ca nh:
x(t )
p X ( p)dp t
Dch nh:
X ( p a ) e at x(t )
126
Tm gc thi gian t nh Laplace (1)

4 cch: bng tnh sn, tnh cht, khai trin phn thc hu
t, hoc nh ngha
Cch th ba thng gp nht, do nh thng c dng
phn thc hu t:
N ( p) an p n an 1 p n 1 ... a1 p a0
X ( p)
D( p) bm p m bm 1 p m 1 ... b1 p b0
m > n X(p) l phn thc hu t chnh tc

m n X(p) khng chnh tc chia a thc
Ch khai trin khi X(p) chnh tc
127

K3
K1
K2
K4
p 8
X ( p)
2
2
p p 2 ( p 4)
p4
p( p 2)( p 4)
p 8
2 t
4 t
4 t
K1 K 2 e K 3te K 4 e
2
p( p 2)( p 4)
K1, K2, K3, K4 ?
Cch tnh cc h s K ph thuc vo dng nghim ca mu s
Mu s c th c 4 dng nghim:
Nghim thc phn bit

Nghim thc lp (kp)
Nghim phc phn bit
Nghim phc lp (kp)
128

Nghim thc phn bit
25 p 2 300 p 640
X ( p)
p ( p 4)( p 8)
25 p 2 300 p 640
p
p ( p 4)( p 8)
K
K1
K
2 3
p p 4 p 8
K1
K3
K2
p
p
p
4
p
K 2 p K3 p
25 p 2 300 p 640
K1
( p 4)( p 8)
p 4 p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640
K 2 p K3 p
K1
p 4 p 8 p 0
( p 4)( p 8) p 0
25 p 2 300 p 640
( p 4)( p 8)
p 0
K p
K1 2
p4
K3 p
p8
p 0
p 0
129

Nghim thc phn bit
K
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
K
X ( p)
2 3
p ( p 4)( p 8)
p p 4 p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640
( p 4)( p 8)
K1
p 0
K2 p
p4
p 0
K3 p
p 8
p 0
640
K1 0 0
4.8
640
K1
20
4.8
130

Nghim thc phn bit
K
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
K
X ( p)
2 3
p ( p 4)( p 8)
p p 4 p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640
K1
K3
K2
( p 4)
( p 4)
p
(
p
4)(
p
8)
p
p
4
p
K 3 ( p 4)
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1 ( p 4)
K2
p ( p 8)
p
p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640
K1 ( p 4)
K 3 ( p 4)
K2
p ( p 8)
p
p 8 p 4
p 4
25 p 2 300 p 640
p ( p 8)
p 4
K1 ( p 4)
K 3 ( p 4)
K2
p 8
p 4
p 4
131

Nghim thc phn bit
K
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
K
X ( p)
2 3
p ( p 4)( p 8)
p p 4 p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640
p ( p 8)
p 4
K1 ( p 4)
p
K2
p 4
K 3 ( p 4)
p 8
p 4
25(4) 2 300(4) 640
0 K2 0
(4)(4 8)
25(4) 2 300(4) 640
K2
10
(4)(4 8)
132

Nghim thc phn bit
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
K
X ( p)
2
p ( p 4)( p 8)
p p4
25 p 2 300 p 640
K1
( p 8)
( p 8)
p
p ( p 4)( p 8)
K3
p 8
K3
K2
p 4 p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1 ( p 8) K 2 ( p 8)
K3
p ( p 4)
p
p4
25 p 2 300 p 640
K1 ( p 8) K 2 ( p 8)
K3
p ( p 4)
p
p4
p 8
p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640
p ( p 4)
p 8
K1 ( p 8)
p
p 8
K 2 ( p 8)
p4
K3
p 8
133

Nghim thc phn bit
K
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
K
X ( p)
2 3
p ( p 4)( p 8)
p p 4 p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640
p ( p 4)
p 8
K1 ( p 8)
K 2 ( p 8)
p4
p 8
K3
p 8
25(8) 2 300(8) 640
0 0 K3
(8)(8 4)
25(8) 2 300(8) 640
K3
5
(8)(8 4)
134

Nghim thc phn bit
K
K
20
10
5
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
2 3
X ( p)
p p 4 p 8 p p 4 p 8
p ( p 4)( p 8)
25 p 2 300 p 640
640
K1 p
20
p( p 4)( p 8) p 0 4.8
25 p 2 300 p 640
25(4) 2 300(4) 640
K 2 ( p 4)
10
(4)(4 8)
p ( p 4)( p 8) p 4
25 p 2 300 p 640
25(8) 2 300(8) 640
K 3 ( p 8)
(8)(8 4)
p ( p 4)( p 8) p 8
135
VD
10( p 1)
Tm gc thi gian ca X ( p )
( p 2)( p 3)( p 4)
X ( p)
K1
K2
K3
K1
K
K3
2
p2 p3 p4
10( p 1)
( p 2) ( p 3)( p 4)
10( p 1)
( p 2) ( p 3) ( p 4)
10( p 1)
( p 2)( p 3) ( p 4)
5
p 2
x (t ) 5e 2 t 20e 3t 15e 4 t
20
p 3
15
p4
136
Nghim thc phn bit

Nghim thc lp
Nghim phc phn bit
Nghim phc lp
137

Nghim thc lp
K2
K3
10 p 2 34 p 27 K1
X ( p)
p ( p 3) 2 p 3
p( p 3) 2
10 p 2 34 p 27
K1 p
3
2
p ( p 3)
p 0

2
K3
K2
10
p
34 p 27
2
2 K1
( p 3)
( p 3)
2
2
p
(
p
3)
p
(
p
3)
p
p 3
10 p 2 34 p 27
p 3
p 3
1 ( p 3) 2
K 2 K 3 ( p 3) p 3
p
p 3
10(3) 2 34(3) 27
0 K2 0
3
10(3) 2 34(3) 27
K2
5
3
138

Nghim thc lp
K2
K3
10 p 2 34 p 27 K1
X ( p)
p ( p 3) 2 p 3
p( p 3) 2
2
d
K 3
K2
d
2 10 p 34 p 27
2 K1
( p 3)
( p 3)

2
2
dp
p
(
p
3)
dp
p
(
p
3)
p
p 3
p 3

d 10 p 2 34 p 27
d K1
(
p
3)
K
(
p
3)
dp 2
dp 3
dp
p
dp
p
p 3
p 3
p 3
p 3

p(20 p 34) (10 p 2 34 p 27)
p2
p 3
p ( p 3) ( p 3) 2
K1
p2
3[20(3) 34] [10(3)2 34(3) 27]
0 0 K3
2
(3)
0 K3
p 3
K3 7
139

Nghim thc lp
10 p 2 34 p 27
X ( p)
p( p 3) 2
K1
K2
K3
2
p ( p 3)
p3
3
5
7

2
p ( p 3)
p3
10 p 2 34 p 27
K1 p
3
2
p ( p 3)
p 0

2
10
p
34 p 27
2
K 2 ( p 3)
5
2
p ( p 3)
p 3
2
d
10
p
34 p 27
2
K3 ( p 3)
7

2
p( p 3)
p 3
dp
140
VD
20 p 2 8
K1
K2
K3
K4
p p 1 ( p 2) 2 p 2
p( p 1)( p 2) 2
20 p 2 8
K1
p ( p 1)( p 2) 2
20 p 2 8
K2
p ( p 1) ( p 2) 2
K3
2
p 0
28
p 1
20 p 2 8
p( p 1) ( p 2)
44
2
p2
d
20 p 2 8
K4
2
dp p( p 1) ( p 2)

p( p 1)(40 p ) (20 p 2 8)(2 p 1)
26
2
[ p( p 1)]
p 2

p 2
x (t ) 2 28e t 44te 2 t 26e 2 t

141
Nghim thc phn bit

Nghim thc lp
Nghim phc phn bit
Nghim phc lp
142

Nghim phc phn bit
K1
K2
K3
4 p 2 76 p
X ( p)
p 2 p 3 j4 p 3 j4
( p 2)( p 2 6 p 25)
o
o
8
6 j8
6 j8
8 10 53,13 10 53,13
p 2 p 3 j4 p 3 j4 p 2
p 3 j4
p 3 j4
x (t ) 8e
2 t
10e
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
10e
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
4 p 2 76 p
K1 ( p 2)
8
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25) p 2
4 p 2 76 p
K 2 ( p 3 j 4)
6 j8
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25) p 3 j 4
4 p 2 76 p
K 3 ( p 3 j 4)
6 j8
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25) p 3 j 4
143

Nghim phc phn bit
4 p 2 76 p
2 t
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
8
e
10
e
e
10
e
e
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25)
10e
e
e
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
j (4 t 53,13o )
10e
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
3 t
10e ( e
j (4 t 53,13o )
j (4 t 53,13o )
cos(4t 53,13o ) j sin(4t 53,13o )
j (4 t 53,13o )
cos( 4t 53,13o ) j sin( 4t 53,13o )

e
10e
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
j (4 t 53,13o )
10e
j (4 t 53,13o )
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
2 cos(4t 53,13o )
20e 3t cos(4t 53,13o )
4 p 2 76 p
4 p 2 76 p
2 t
3 t
o
8
e
20
e
cos(4
t
53,13
)
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25) ( p 2)( p 3 j 4)( p 3 j 4)
144

Nghim phc phn bit
4 p 2 76 p
X ( p)
( p 2)( p 2 6 p 25)
x (t ) 8e 2 t 20e 3t cos(4t 53,13o )
K1
K2
K3
p 2 p 3 j4 p 3 j4
4 p 2 76 p
K1 ( p 2)
8
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25) p 2
4 p 2 76 p
o
K 2 ( p 3 j 4)
j
8
10
53,13
2
(
p
2)(
p
6
p
25)
p 3 j 4
145
VD
X ( p)
K1
K2
10
( p 3)( p 2 8 p 25)
K1
K2
K3
p 3 p 4 j3 p 4 j3
10
( p 3) ( p 4 j 3)( p 4 j 3)
10
( p 3) ( p 4 j 3) ( p 4 j 3)
1
p 3
0,50 j 0,17 0,53 161,6o

p 4 j 3
x (t ) e 3t 1,06e 4 t cos(3t 161,6o )

146
Nghim thc phn bit

Nghim thc lp
Nghim phc phn bit
Nghim phc lp
147

Nghim phc lp
20 p 2 120 p 1140
20 p 2 120 p 1140
X ( p)
2
2
( p 3 j 4) 2 ( p 3 j 4) 2
( p 6 p 25)
K1
K2
K1*
K 2*
( p 3 j 4) 2 p 3 j 4 ( p 3 j 4) 2 p 3 j 4
10
j5
10
j5
( p 3 j 4) 2 p 3 j 4 ( p 3 j 4) 2 p 3 j 4
2
2 20 p 120 p 1140
K1 ( p 3 j 4)
10
2
2
( p 6 p 25) p 3 j 4
2
d
2 20 p 120 p 1140
K 2 ( p 3 j 4)

2
2
dp
(
p
6
p
25)
p 3 j 4

40 p 120
20 p 2 120 p 1140
2
j5
2
3
( p 3 j 4)
( p 3 j 4)
p 3 j 4
148

Nghim phc lp
20 p 2 120 p 1140
X ( p)
( p 6 p 25) 2
10
j5
10
j5
2
2
( p 3 j 4)
p 3 j 4 ( p 3 j 4)
p 3 j4
5 90o
5 90o
10
10
2
2
( p 3 j 4) p 3 j 4 p 3 j 4
( p 3 j 4)
x (t ) 20te 3t cos 4t 10e 3t cos(4t 90o )
j5 5 90o
149

K
pa
K
( p a)2
K
K
p j p j
K
K
2
( p j ) ( p j )2
Ke at
Kte
at
2 Ke t cos( t )
2tKe t cos( t )
150
Phng php ton t (3)
Mch in
(H) phng trnh

trong min thi gian
kh
Bin i Laplace ngc
Bin i Laplace thun

(H) phng trnh
trong min ton t
(B) nghim trong

min thi gian
(c th) d hn
(B) nghim trong

min ton t
151
VD1
Phng php ton t (4)
R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF. Ti thi im

t = 0 kho K ng. Tnh dng in qu .
e 100e 10t V
Ri Li ' uC e
cx(t ) cX ( p ) Ri RI ( p)
x '(t ) pX ( p) x(0) Li ' L pI ( p ) iL (0)

du
iC
I ( p) C[ pU ( p) uC (0)] CpU ( p) CuC (0)
dt
uC (0)
1
U ( p)
I ( p)
Cp
p
I ( p ) uC ( 0)
Ri Li ' uC e RI ( p ) LpI ( p ) LiL ( 0)
E ( p)
p
Cp
152
VD1
Phng php ton t (5)
R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF. Ti thi im

e 100e 10t V
I ( p) uC (0)
Ri Li ' uC e RI ( p ) LpI ( p ) LiL (0)
E ( p)
Cp
p
100
10 t
100e
p 10
iL (0) 0
uC (0) 0
I ( p)
100
30 I ( p) 0,1 pI ( p)
4
8.10 p p 10
153
VD1
Phng php ton t (6)
R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF. Ti thi im

e 100e 10t V
Ri Li ' uC e
I ( p)
100
30 I ( p ) 0,1 pI ( p)
4
8.10 p p 10
1250000 p
K3
K1
K2
I ( p)
( p 10)( p 50)( p 250) p 10 p 50 p 250
154
VD1
Phng php ton t (7)
R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF. Ti thi im

e 100e 10t V
K3
K1
K2
1250000 p
I ( p)
p 10 p 50 p 250
( p 10)( p 50)( p 250)
1250000 p
K1
( p 10) ( p 50)( p 250)
K2
K3
1250000 p
( p 10) ( p 50) ( p 250)
1250000 p
( p 10)( p 50) ( p 250)
p 10
125.104 ( 10)
1302
( 10 50)( 10 250)
1250000( 50)
7813
( 50 10)( 50 250)
1250000( 250)
6510
( 250 10)( 250 50)
p 50
p250
i (t ) 1302e 10t 7813e 50t 6510e 250t A

155
Phng php ton t (8)
Mch in
Ton t ho
Mch in
ton t ho
(H) phng trnh

trong min thi gian
kh
Bin i Laplace ngc
Bin i Laplace thun

(H) phng trnh
trong min ton t
(B) nghim trong

min thi gian
(c th) d hn
(B) nghim trong

min ton t
156
Phng php ton t

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Bin i thun Laplace

Bin i ngc Laplace
S ton t
157
S ton t (1)
u = Ri U(p) = RI(p)
U(p)
u
i
I(p)
158
S ton t (2)
uL
di
dt
U ( p ) L[ pI ( p) iL (0)] pLI ( p) LiL (0)
i iL(0)
u
LiL(0)
U(p)
pL
I(p)
159
S ton t (3)
du
iC
dt
I ( p ) C[ pU ( p ) uC (0)] CpU ( p ) CuC (0)

uC (0)
1
U ( p)
I ( p)
Cp
p
1
Cp
uC(0)
U(p) I(p)
uC (0)
p
160
S ton t (4)
U ( p ) RI ( p )
u Ri
Z ( p) I ( p)
U(p)
iL(0)
LiL(0)
uL
di
dt
Z ( p) R
I(p)
U(p)
U ( p ) LpI ( p ) LiL ( 0)
Z ( p ) I ( p ) LiL ( 0)
pL
Z ( p ) Lp
I(p)
du
iC
dt
u i
I ( p ) uC ( 0)
U ( p)
Cp
p
uC ( 0)
Z
(
p
)
I
(
p
)
uC(0)
U(p) I(p)
uC (0)
p
1
p
Z ( p)
Cp 161
1
Cp
S ton t (5)
VD1
i ( 0) 0
12 V
10
12
V
p
10
0,1H
0,1p
i ( 0) 0
Li ( 0)
162
VD2
S ton t (6)
i ( 0) 4 A
12
p
2p
8
u( 0) 0
u( 0) 12 V
163
VD3
S ton t (7)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ;
R3 = 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. V s ton t.
164
S ton t (8)
I 1 ( p ) Z1 ( p ) a
I 2 ( p)
E1 ( p )
Z 2 ( p)
I 3 ( p) b
Z3 ( p)
I 4 ( p)
J ( p)
E2 ( p ) c Z 4 ( p )
nKD = s_nh 1 = 3 1 = 2 vit 2 p/tr theo KD
a:
b:
I1 ( p ) I 2 ( p ) I 3 ( p ) 0
I 3 ( p) I 4 ( p) J ( p) 0
nKA = s_nhnh s_nh + 1 = 4 3 + 1 = 2 vit 2 p/tr theo KA
A:
B:
Z1 ( p ) I1 ( p ) Z 2 ( p ) I 2 ( p ) E1 ( p ) E2 ( p )
Z 2 ( p ) I 2 ( p ) Z 3 ( p ) I 3 ( p ) Z 4 ( p ) I 4 ( p ) E2 ( p )
165
S ton t (9)
Z1 ( p ) a
b
Z3 ( p)
E1 ( p )
J ( p)
Z 2 ( p)
E2 ( p ) c Z 4 ( p )
c 0
1
1
1
1
E1 ( p ) E2 ( p )
b ( p)
a ( p)
Z3 ( p)
Z1 ( p ) Z 2 ( p )
Z1 ( p ) Z 2 ( p ) Z 3 ( p )
1
1
1
a ( p)
b ( p) J ( p)
Z3 ( p)
Z3 ( p) Z 4 ( p)
166
S ton t (10)
Z1 ( p ) a
b
Z3 ( p)
E1 ( p )
IA(p)
Z 2 ( p)
IB(p)
J ( p)
E2 ( p ) c Z 4 ( p )
] Z 2 ( p )[ I A ( p ) I B ( p )] E1 ( p ) E2 ( p )
Z1 ( p )[ I A ( p )
] Z 4 ( p )[ I B ( p ) J ( p )] E2 ( p )
Z 2 ( p )[ I B ( p ) I A ( p )] Z 3 ( p )[ I B ( p )
167
Phng php ton t

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Bin i thun Laplace

Bin i ngc Laplace
S ton t
168
Gii bi ton qu bng phng php ton t (1)
i ( 0) 0
1. Tnh iL(0) & uC(0) khi kha v tr
c
2. Ton t ho s mch in khi
kha v tr mi
3. Gii mch in ton t ho (bng
mt trong s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng s X(p)
4. Tm gc thi gian x(t) t nh X(p)
12
10 I ( p ) 0,1 pI ( p )
p
12 / p
I ( p)
10 0,1 p
i (t ) 1, 2(1 e 100t ) A
169
VD1
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tm dng in qu ca cun dy.
iL ( 0) J 10 A;
uC ( 0) R2 J 20.10 200 V
b 0
120
200
10
p
p
10
p 20 1000
p
a ( p)
1
1
1
10 p 20 1000
p
200 p 2 6000 p 240000
V
p( p 2 120 p 3000)
1.
20
10
120
p
1000
p
I ( p)
p
10
200
p
Tnh iL(0) & uC(0) khi
kha v tr c
2. Ton t ho s mch
in khi kha v tr
mi
3.
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
4.
Tm gc thi gian x(t) t
nh X(p)
170
VD1
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
200 p 2 6000 p 240000

a ( p)
V
p( p 2 120 p 3000)
20
10 a ( p )
I ( p)
p 20
10
120
p
10 p 2 1200 p 12000
A
p( p 2 120 p 3000)
10 p 2 1200 p 12000
A
p( p 84,5)( p 35,5)
1000 1.
p
I ( p)
p
10
200
p
kha v tr c
2. Ton t ho s mch
in khi kha v tr
mi
3. Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
4.
nh X(p)
171
VD1
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
K1
K2
K3
10 p 2 1200 p 12000
I ( p)
p p 84,5 p 35,5
p( p 84,5)( p 35,5)
K1
10 p 1200 p 12000
( p 84,5)( p 35,5)
1.
10 p 2 1200 p 12000
K2
p( p 35,5)
10 p 2 1200 p 12000
K3
p ( p 84,5)
4
p 0
4,35
p 84,5
10,35
p 35,5
i (t ) 4 4,35e 84,5t 10,35e 35,5t A
kha v tr c
2. Ton t ho s mch
in khi kha v tr
mi
3. Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
4. Tm gc thi gian x(t) t
nh X(p)
172
VD1
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
i
i (t ) 4 4,35e 84,5t 10,35e 35,5t A
10A
4A
iL ( 0)
iL ( 0) 10 A
iLtd (t )
iLtd (t ) A1e 84,5t A2e 35,5t A

iLxl
iLxl 4 A
173
VD2

K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tm dng in qu ca cun dy.
10
0o
2
IL
20 j10 j100
( j100)
7,67 12,5o A
j100
20
J
1.
j10
2.
iL (t ) 7,67 2 sin(10t 12,5o ) A

iL ( 0) 7,67 2 sin( 12,5o ) 2,35 A
3.
U C (20 j10) IL 172 14o A

uC ( 0) 172 2 sin(14 ) 58,67 V
o
4.

kha v tr c
Ton t ho s mch
in khi kha v tr
mi
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
nh X(p)
174
VD2

iL ( 0) 2,35 A; uC ( 0) 58,67 V
I R ( p)
10
I R ( p) I L ( p) IC ( p) 0
120
p
120
10 I R ( p ) ( p 20) I L ( p ) 2,35
p
1000
58,67
( p 20) I L ( p )
I C ( p ) 2,35
p
p
IC ( p)
20
I L ( p)
p
2,35
2,36 p 2 176 p 12000

I L ( p)
A
p( p 2 120 p 3000)
1000
1.
p
58,67 2.
p
3.
4.

kha v tr c
Ton t ho s mch
in khi kha v tr
mi
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
nh X(p)
175
VD2

K2
K3
2,36 p 2 176 p 12000 K1
I ( p)
p p 84,5 p 35,5
p( p 2 120 p 3000)
K1
2,36 p 176 p 12000

( p 84,5)( p 35,5)
1.
2,36 p 2 176 p 12000

K2
p( p 35,5)
2,36 p 2 176 p 12000
K3
p( p 84,5)
4
2.
p 0
2, 42
3.
p 84,5
8,78
p 35,5
i (t ) 4 2, 42e
84,5t
8,78e
35,5t
4.

kha v tr c
Ton t ho s mch
in khi kha v tr
mi
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
nh X(p)
176
VD2

j100
20
J
i (t ) 4 2, 42e 84,5t 8,78e 35,5t A
j10
4A
t
0
2,35A
177
VD3
iL ( 0) J 10 A; uC ( 0) R2 J 20.10 200 V
1200
(10
20
p
)
I
(
p
)
(
p
20)
I
(
p
)
10
d
x
2
p 100
( p 20) I ( p ) 20 p 1000 I ( p ) 10 200

d
x
p
p
I R ( p)
IC ( p)
20
10
I L ( p)
1200
p
2
p 100
10
180 p 4480 p 15600 p 340000

I
(
p
)
d
( p 2 100)( p 2 120 p 3000)
3
2
I ( p ) 2( p 20)( p 15 p 160 p 1500)
x
( p 2 100)( p 2 120 p 3000)
7,08 p 3 1080 p 2 708 p 11980
I L ( p) I d ( p) I x ( p)
A
( p 2 100)( p 2 120 p 3000)
3
1000
p
200
p
178
VD3
7,08 p 3 1080 p 2 708 p 11980

I L ( p)
A
2
2
( p 100)( p 120 p 3000)
K1
K2
K3
K4
p 84,5 p 35,5 p j10 p j10

7,08 p 3 1080 p 2 708 p 11980
K1
( p 35,5)( p 2 100)
7,08 p 3 1080 p 2 708 p 11980

K2
( p 84,5)( p 2 100)
7,08 p 3 1080 p 2 708 p 11980
K3
( p 84,5)( p 35,5)( p j10)
33,91
p 84,5
25,37
p 35,5
0,73 j1,77 1,91 67,5o

p j10
iL (t ) 33,91e 84,5t 25,37e 35,5t 3,82 cos(10t 67,5o ) A

179
VD3
iL (t ) 33,91e 84,5t 25,37e 35,5t 3,82 cos(10t 67,5o ) A
i
10A
180
VD4
E = 120e25t V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
iL ( 0) J 10 A;
uC ( 0) R2 J 20.10 200 V
1000
10
1000
p
Z td ( p )
1000 p 100
10
p
20
10
120
p 25
I ( p)
p
10
120
200
p 25
p
1000
10
200 p 17000
p
Etd ( p )
V
1
1
(
p
25)(
p
100)
10 1000
p
1000
p
200
p
20
Z td ( p )
I ( p)
Etd ( p )
10
181
VD4
E = 120e25t V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
Z td ( p )
1000
200 p 17000
; Etd ( p )
V
p 100
( p 25)( p 100)
200 p 17000
10
10 p 2 1450 p 42000
( p 25)( p 100)
I ( p)
A
1000
(
p
25)(
p
84,5)(
p
35,5)
20 p
p 100
K1
K2
K3
p 25 p 84,5 p 35,5
10 p 2 1450 p 42000
K1
( p 84,5)( p 35,5)
10 p 2 1450 p 42000
K3
( p 25)( p 84,5)
19, 21;
p 25
10 p 2 1450 p 42000
K2
( p 25)( p 35,5)
20
Z td ( p )
I ( p)
Etd ( p )
10
3,13;
p 84,5
6,08; i (t ) 6,08e 25t 19, 21e 84,5t 3,13e 35,5t A

p 35,5
182
VD4
E = 120e25t V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
i (t ) 6,08e 25t 19, 21e 84,5t 3,13e 35,5t A

i
10A
0A
183
VD5
t = 0 kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tm dng in qu ca cun dy.
10
0o
2
IL
7,67 12,5o A
20 j10 j100
( j100)
iL (t ) 7,67 2 sin(10t 12,5o ) A
j100
20
J
j10
iL ( 0) 7,67 2 sin( 12,5o ) 2,35 A
U C (20 j10) IL 172 14o A

uC ( 0) 172 2 sin(14o ) 58,67 V
184
VD5
iL ( 0) 2,35 A; uC ( 0) 58,67 V
b 0
1200
58,67
p 2 100 2,35
p
10
p 20 1000
p
a ( p)
1
1
1
10 p 20 1000
p
I R ( p)
IC ( p)
20
10
I L ( p)
1200
p
2
p 100
2,35
1000
p
58,67
p
58,67 p 3 3524 p 2 125888 p 2753000
V
2
2
( p 100)( p 120 p 3000)
2,35 a ( p ) 2,35 p 4 223 p 3 3761 p 2 97688 p 2048000
I ( p)
A
2
p 20
( p 20)( p 84,5)( p 35,5)( p 100)
185
VD5
2,35 p 4 223 p 3 3761 p 2 97688 p 204800

I ( p)
A
( p 20)( p 84,5)( p 35,5)( p 2 100)
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
p 20 p 84,5 p 35,5 p j10 p j10
2,35 p 4 223 p 3 3761 p 2 97688 p 2048000

K1
( p 84,5)( p 35,5)( p 2 100)
2,35 p 4 223 p 3 3761 p 2 97688 p 2048000
K2
( p 20)( p 35,5)( p 2 100)
2,35 p 4 223 p 3 3761 p 2 97688 p 2048000
K3
( p 20)( p 84,5)( p 2 100)
0,0043
p 20
0,80
p 84,5
0,082
p 35,5
186
VD5
2,35 p 4 223 p 3 3761 p 2 97688 p 204800

I ( p)
A
( p 20)( p 84,5)( p 35,5)( p 2 100)
0,0043
0,80
0,082
K4
K5
p 20 p 84,5 p 35,5 p j10 p j10
2,35 p 4 223 p 3 3761 p 2 97688 p 2048000

K4
( p 20)( p 84,5)( p 35,5)( p j10)
1,91 67,5o
p j10
iL (t ) 0,0043e 20t 0,80e 84,5t 0,082e 35,5t 3,82 cos(10t 67,5o ) A

187
VD6
E = 120.1(t) V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
Tm dng in qu ca cun dy.
iL ( 0)
uC ( 0)
R1 J
10.10
3,33A
R1 R2 10 20
R1R2
10.20
J
10 66,67 V
R1 R2
10 20
b 0
120
66,67
p 10 3,33
p

10
p p 20 1000
p
a ( p)
V
1
1
1
10 p 20 1000
p
I ( p)
3,33 a ( p ) 7,33
4 p 480
2
A
p 20
p
p 120 p 3000
20
10 10
p
i (t ) 7,33 6,90e 35,5t 2,90e 84,5t A

120
p
I ( p)
p
1000
p
66, 67
p
3,33
188
VD7
E = 60 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L1 = 4 H; L2 = 2 H; M = 0,5 H.
Tm dng in qu ?
L1
E 60
E 60
6 A; iL 2 ( 0)
3A
R1 10
R2 20
R1i R1 I ( p ); R2i R2 I ( p )
R1i L1i Mi R2i L2i Mi 0
L2
iL1 ( 0)
R1
t=0
R2
L1i L1[ pI ( p ) i ( 0)] L1[ pI ( p ) iL1 ( 0)]

L2i L2 [ pI ( p ) i ( 0)] L2 [ pI ( p ) iL 2 ( 0)]
u1M Mi M [ pI ( p ) i ( 0)] M [ pI ( p ) iL1 ( 0)]
u2 M Mi M [ pI ( p ) i ( 0)] M [ pI ( p ) iL 2 ( 0)]
( R1 L1 p R2 L2 p 2 Mp ) I ( p )
L1iL1 ( 0) L2iL 2 ( 0) MiL1 ( 0) MiL 2 ( 0) 0
L1
u1M M
iL1 ( 0)
R1
u2 M
L2
iL 2 ( 0)
i
R2
189
VD7
E = 60 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L1 = 4 H; L2 = 2 H; M = 0,5 H.
Tm dng in qu ?
L1
( R1 L1 p R2 L2 p 2 Mp ) I ( p )
L1iL1 ( 0) L2iL 2 ( 0) MiL1 ( 0) MiL 2 ( 0)

( L1 L2 2 M ) p ( R1 R2 )
3,9
A
p6
i (t ) 3,9e 6t A
L1iL1 ( 0) L2iL 2 ( 0) MiL1 ( 0) MiL 2 ( 0) 0
I ( p)
L2
R1
L1
t=0
R2
u1M M
iL1 ( 0)
R1
u2 M
L2
iL 2 ( 0)
i
R2
190
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
(kha v tr mi)
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng (kha v tr
mi)
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin [kha
v tr c: x(0); & mi:
x(0)]
6. T s kin tnh cc
hng s tch phn
7. Tng hp kt qu
1.
2.
3.
4.

kha v tr c
Ton t ho s mch
in khi kha v tr
mi
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
nh X(p)
191
Qu trnh qu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
192
Phng php hm qu & hm trng lng

Da trn cc hm qu h(t) & hm trng lng g(t)
h(t):
Heaviside
p ng ca mt on mch khi ng vo mt ngun 1(t)
V d: ng mch RL vo ngun 1 V, i = (1 eR/L)/R = h(t)
g(t):
Green
p ng ca mt on mch khi ng vo mt ngun (t)
dh(t )
g (t )
dt
193
Gii QTQ bng hm qu h(t) (1)

i
Dng khi ngun kch thch c dng phc tp

tng:
Chia ngun kch thch thnh cc hm n v 1(t)
Tnh p ng h(t) ca tng 1(t),
Tng hp cc p ng nghim ca QTQ
u
0
0 qu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
t
Qu trnh
t 194
Gii QTQ bng hm qu h(t) (2)

1(t ) i h(t )
arctg[u()]
1(t ) i h(t )
u
i u h(t )
u u ' ( )
i u ' ( ) .h(t )
(Dhuhamel)
t
di u ' ( )d .h(t ) u ' ( )h(t )d i di u ' ( )h(t )d

0
195
Gii QTQ bng hm trng lng g(t) (1)

Khi dng h(t), chng ta chia kch thch u(t) theo chiu
ngang
Nu chia u(t) theo chiu dc, ta s dng n hm trng
lng g(t)
Cng p dng khi ngun kch thch c dng phc tp
tng:
Chia ngun kch thch thnh cc xung Dirac (t)
Tm p ng g(t) ca tng (t)
Tng hp cc p ng nghim ca QTQ
196
Gii QTQ bng hm trng lng g(t) (2)

i
(t ) i g (t )
(t ) i g (t )
0
i
u ( )d . (t ) i u ( ) g (t )d di
t
i di u ( ) g (t ) d
g (t ) h' (t )
0
197 t
Gii QTQ bng h(t) & g(t) (1)

Cng biu din mt dng in nn chng phi bng nhau
Kh tnh tch phn
C th i bin s:
t
0
t
0
t
i u ' ( )h(t )d i u ' (t )h( )d

i u ( ) g (t )d
0
i u (t ) g ( )d
0
Vit gn dng tch xp:
i u*h
198

u
10 V
2 ms
4 ms
t
i u ' ( )h(t )d
0
199
u
10 V
2 ms
u
10 V
4 ms
t
1(t)
2 ms
u
10 V
1(t ) 1(t 0,004)
2 ms
u
10 V
4 ms
t
4 ms
t
1(t 0,004)
u (t ) [1(t ) 1(t 0,004)](5000t 10) V
2 ms
4 ms
t
5000 t 10
200

i (0) i (0) 0
r

r pL 0 p
L
itd Ae t
U
ixl
r
U
i ixl itd Ae t
r
U
U
U
0
i (0) Ae A 0 A
r
r
r
1 e t
h(t )
r
U
i (t ) (1 e t )
r
201
u
10 V
Gii QTQ bng h(t) & g(t)

2 ms
4 ms
t
i u ' ( )h(t )d
0
(5)
L
1 e t
h(t )
r
u (t ) [1(t ) 1(t 0, 004)](5000t 10) V

u ' (t ) [1(t ) 1(t 0,004)]' (5000t 10) [1(t ) 1(t 0,004)](5000t 10)'
[ (t ) (t 0,004)](5000t 10) [1(t ) 1(t 0,004)](5000)
(5000t 10) (t ) 10 (t )
(5000t 10) (t 0,004) 10 (t 0,004)
u '(t ) 10[ (t ) (t 0, 004)] 5000[1(t ) 1(t 0, 004)]
u '( ) 10[ ( ) ( 0, 004)] 5000[1( ) 1( 0, 004)]

V/s
V/s
202
i u ' ( )h(t )d
0
u ' ( ) 10[ ( ) ( 0,004)] 5000[1( ) 1( 0,004)]

1 e t 1 e (t )
h(t )
rt
r
1 e (t )
i 10[ (t ) (t 0,004)] 5000[1(t ) 1(t 0,004)]
d
r
0
t
10 t
5000 t
10
1( ) 1( 0,004)d
( )d ( 0,004)d
r 0
r 0
r 0
t
5000 t
5000
( t )
( t )

( )e
d
( 0,004)e
d
r 0
r 0
5000 t
( t )
1( ) 1( 0,004)e

d
r 0
A B C D
203

t
10
10
A
)
d
( 0,004)d
r 0
r 0
10
10
10
1(t ) 1(t 0,004) 1(t ) 1(t 0,004)
r
r
r
t
5000
1( ) 1( 0,004)d
B
r 0
t
5000
5000
r
r
0
0 , 004
5000 5000 5000
t
t
0,004 20
r
r
r
204

t
5000
5000
( t )
( t )
C
)
e
d
0
,
004
)
e
d
r 0
r 0
t
( T ) f (t )d f (t T )
C
t
5000 t 5000 (t 0, 004)

e
e
r
r
5000
( t )
D
1
(
1
(
0
,
004
)
e
d
r 0
5000 (t ) t 5000
( t ) t
1(t 0,004)e
0
0
r
r
5000 t
e 1(t 0,004)e (t 0, 004)

r
205

u
10 V
2 ms
4 ms
t
i u ' ( )h(t )d u ( ) g (t )d u ( )h' (t )d

206

P/p tch phn kinh in ch dng c khi ngun kch
thch c dng n gin (hng, iu ho, chu k)
P/p h(t) & g(t) c th dng c khi ngun kch thch c
dng phc tp nhng:
Phi chun b u(t), h(t), g(t)
Phi tnh tch phn
207
Qu trnh qu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
a) Tm nh Laplace t gc thi gian
b) Tm gc thi gian t nh Laplace
c) Gii phng trnh vi phn
208

x (t ) 20 10e 4t 5e 8t X ( p )
20
10
5
p p 4 p 8
>> syms s t;
>> ft = -5*exp(-8*t)+10*exp(-4*t)+20;
>> Fs = laplace(ft); pretty(Fs)
10
20
----- - ----- + -s + 4
s + 8
209

25 p 2 300 p 640
4t
8 t
X ( p)
x
(
t
)
20
10
e
5
e
p 3 12 p 2 32 p
>> Fs = (25*s^2+300*s+640)/(s^3+12*s^2+32*s);
>> ft = ilaplace(Fs); pretty(ft)
10
-------- - -------- + 20
exp(4 t)
exp(8 t)
210
Qu trnh qu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
a) Tm nh Laplace t gc thi gian
b) Tm gc thi gian t nh Laplace
c) Gii phng trnh vi phn
211
VD
Gii phng trnh vi phn (1)
E = 12 V; R = 6 ; L = 2 mH. Ti thi im t = 0 kho K

ng li. Tnh dng in qu trong mch.
6
12
R
E
i
Li ' Ri E i ' i
0, 002 0, 002
L
L
i ' 3000i 6000
i (0) iL (0) iL (0) 0

>> x = dsolve('Dx = -3000*x + 6000','x(0) = 0','s')
>> pretty(x)
212
VD2
Gii phng trnh vi phn (2)
E = 100 V; R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.

Tnh dng qu trong mch.
iL (0) 0; iL '(0) 1000 A / s
1
1
Ri Li ' idt E Ri ' Li '' i 0 30i ' 0,1i '' 1250i 0
C
C
i '' 300i ' 12500i
>> x = dsolve('D2x = -300*Dx - 12500*x','x(0) = 0','Dx(0) = 1000')
>> pretty(x)
213

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Nguyn Cng Phng

Gii thiu (1)

Gii thiu (2)

Gii thiu (3)

Gii thiu (4)

Gii thiu (5)

Gii thiu (6)

Gii thiu (7)

Lut Kirchhoff lun ng

Gii thiu (8)

[1(t )]' t 0 (t ) (hm Dirac)

Ti thi im t = 0 kho K ng li.

Ti thi im t = 0 kho K m ra.

i(0) = (12 24)/2 = 6 A/s

Ti thi im t = 0 kho K ng li.

uC(0) = 12/6.10 6 = 2.106 V/s

Ti thi im t = 0 kho K m ra.

uC(0) = 4.106 V/s

uC (0) uR1 R1iL (0) 10.3 30 V

i1 (0) CuC' (0) i3 (0) 0

i1 (0) CuC' (0) i3 (0) 0

3 103 uC' (0) i3 (0) 0

i1' (0) 24 A/s

iL1 (0) iL 2 (0)

iL1 (0) iL1 (0)

uC1 (0) uC 2 (0)

(0) L1i (0) L2i (0) ( L1 L2 )i (0)

L1i1 (0) L2i2 (0)

L1i1 (0) L2i2 (0)

E = 120 V; R = 10 ; C1 = 1 mF; C2 = 2 mF. Ti thi

qC1 (0) C1uC1 (0)

qC 2 (0) C2uC 2 (0)

q (0) C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0)

(C1 C2 )uC 2 (0)

E = 120 V; R = 10 ; C1 = 1 mF; C2 = 2 mF. Ti thi

C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0) (C1 C2 )uC 2 (0)

tnh s kin bc 1 [iL(0) & uC(0)]

tnh s kin bc 2 [iL(0) & uC(0)]

Tch phn kinh in (1)

Tch phn kinh in (2)

Tch phn kinh in (3)

Tch phn kinh in (4)

Tch phn kinh in (5)

Tnh nghim xc lp (kha v tr mi)

Tch phn kinh in (6)

(phng trnh c trng)

Tch phn kinh in (7)

E = 12 V; R = 6 ; L = 2 mH. Ti thi im t = 0 kho K

i ixl itd 2 Ae 3000t

i (0) iL (0) iL (0) 0

Tch phn kinh in (8)

(phng trnh c trng)

Tch phn kinh in (9)

Tch phn kinh in (10)

A1e pt A2e pt A3e pt 0

Tch phn kinh in (11)

A1e pt A2e pt A3e pt 0

Tch phn kinh in (12)

Tch phn kinh in (13)

Tch phn kinh in (14)

Tch phn kinh in (15)

Tch phn kinh in (16)

Tch phn kinh in (17)