,

.
8

1915

1920

297,

4,

42

, 29

21

42

12,

, 30

247).

5,

10

544 (

ts Mjhuq;fSf;Fkhd njhlh;G
ts Mjhuq;fspd; kPjhd chpik ts Mjhuq;fspd; gad;ghL gad;gLj;Jtjpy;
Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; murhq;fj;jhy; vw;gLj;jg;gl;l rl;lq;fshy; Vwg;l;l eilKiw
rpf;fy;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw njspthf tpsf;fpdhh;fs;.

fpuhk vy;yifshf tlf;Nf fTj;jpkiy njw;Nf fyh; nfhl;lha; fpuhk vy;iy

fpof;Nf
jpUtz;zhkiy-fhQ;rp
gpujhd
rhiy
Nkw;Nf
fTj;jpkiy
fhL

1. fTj;jpkiy kiyf;fhL :-

,k;kiyahdJ ,uz;J gphpTfshf ,Ug;gJ Nghd;W fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wJ.,uz;L

kiyfSf;Fk;
,ilg;gl;l
gFjpia
mz;zhkiyahh;
ghjk;
gjpj;j
,lk;
vd;fpwhh;fs;.jkpof;j;jpy;
fhh;j;jpif
jPgk;
kpf;
gpurpj;jkhf
nfhz;lhlg;gLk;.
jpUtz;zhkiyapy; vOe;jUspapUf;fFk;.mz;zhkiyahh; vdg;gLk; flTs; Kjy;
Kjypy;
fhy;gjpj;j
,lk;
vd
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;.,g;gFjpay;
,th;fsJ
tho;thjhuj;jpw;Fk; ngUkstpy; gad;gl;L te;j gpd; tUk; nghUl;fs; fpilf;fg;

ngw;wjhf $wpath;fs; mitfspd; ga;dghLfisWk; tphpthf $wpdhh;fs;.,k;kiyg;

gFjpapy; ,iy jiofs; kQ;rk; Gy; tpwF fhl;L ts;sp fpoq;F go tiifs; fpiy
u tiffs; Gsp (czT) <ry; %ypiffs; kw;Wk; Njd; tiffs; fpilj;jjhfTk;
mit
jk;
tho;thjhuj;jpw;F
nghpJk;
cjtpajhf
gpd;tUkhW
ml;ltizg;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;
fpilf;Fk;
nghUl;fs;

tptrha
k;

,iy jio
kQ;rk; Gy;
tpwF
fhl;L
ts;sp
go tif
fPiu tif
Gsp
<ry;
%ypif
Njd;

cgNahfk;
CzT

nrhe;j
cgNahfq;fs;

kUe;
J

tpw;gid

Nka;r;ry;

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l nghUl;fspd; milktplj;ij ts Mjuh tiuglj;jpy; Fwpal;L

fhl;bdhhfs; mg;NghJ fpilj;J te;j nghUl;fspd;; .fpilj;J te;j nghUl;fspd;
rpytw;wpy; cgNahfk; Fiwe;jjhfTk; $wpdhh;fs;.fPifs; rpy tif mUfp Ngha;
tpl;ljhfTk; $iu Nka gad;gl;l rPfk;Gy; Njit kpfTk; Fiwthfg; Ngha; tpl;lJ
vdTk; fhuzk; rpnkz;l; kw;Wk; nrq;fw;fyhd tPLfs; rPfk;Gy; jw;rkak; ML khL
mikf;fg;gLk; nfhl;lif. njhOtj;jpw;Fk; kl;LNk gad;gLj;JtjhfTk; $wpdhh;fs;.
,d;W tiu fTj;jp kiy vhpnghUshf gadglf;$ba tpwF ngUkstpy; gad;gl;L
tUfpd;wJ. ,g;gFjpapy; Kay; khd; gd;wp Fs;sehp fhl;Lg;G+id kw;Wk; Fuq;Ffs;
,d;Wk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

2.jiug;gFjp/ Nka;r;ry; epyk; :

38.09.5

. ,uz;L
kiyfisAk; xl;ba jiug;gFjpapy;
fpilf;Fk; Gw;fs; fhy;eilfspd; Nka;r;rYf;F kpfTk; gads;sjhf gad;ghl;by;
cs;sJ. ,jpy; fpilj;J te;j rpy fPui tiffSk; mhpjhf Ngha; tpl;lJ vd
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;.kiyg;gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J kiof;fhyq;fspy; tUk; ePNuhilfs; ehd;Fk;
rpwpa kw;Wk; nghpa Vhpfis epug;G tjd; %yk; ed;nra; gFjpapy; fpzWfspd;
epyj;jb ePh;kl;lk; cau ngUkstpy; cjTfpd;wJ.xU fhyj;jpy; fhy;eilfs;
Nka;g;gjw;F mDkjpr; rPl;L thq;fp Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rpaPYk; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;G fpuhk
Kd;rPg;gplk; mDkjp thq;fp jk; fhy;eilfis Nka;j;J te;Js;sdh; ,d;W tiu ,f;
fpuhkj;jy; ghy;khL tsh;g;G xU gpujhd njhopyhf cs;sJ.,g;gFjpfspy; khLfis
Nka;j;jhy; ghy; fpilg;gjhf $wpAs;sdh;

3. GQ;ir :-

Gdy; fhL fpuhkg;

gFjpapy; cs;s GQ;ir epyg;gFjpfspy; fpuhkk; Njhd;wpa fhyj;jpy; fk;G tuF jpid
Nghd;w
jhdpaq;fisg;
gaphpl;L
mitfisNa
czthfg;
gad;gLj;jp
te;Js;sdh;.tpis nghUl;fspy; jl;ilfs; Nghd;wtw;iw fhy;eilfSf;F czthfTk;
/ jPtdkhfTk; gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;.tdg;gFjpapy; mit ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjp
vd mwptf;fg;gl;lJ. rl;l hPjpahd ,ilA+Wfs; Njhd;wpa gpd;dh; ,g;NghJ GQ;ir
gFjpfs; Nka;r;ry; epykhf ngUkstpy; gad;gLj;jg;glL tUfpwJ.,q;Fs;s
G+yhf;Fl;il Vhp Kay;Fsk; Vhp GJf;Fsk; Vhp kw;Wk; NuhF Fsk; Vhp Nghd;wit ePh;
Mjhuq;fshf ,d;wsTk; gad;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.kiyg;gFjpfspy; cUthfp ,g;GQirg
gFjpfspy; cs;s Fsq;fSf;F ePh;tuj;jpid Nrh;f;fpd;wd.kiof;fhyq;fspd; NghJ
GQ;irg; gFjpfspy; cs;s Vhpf;s; jz;zPh; gw;whf;Fiwapd;wp jpfo;fpd;wd.

390.89.0

4. eQ;ir /tay;ntsp:
,g;gFjpfis fpuhk kf;fNs fhLfis ntl;b jahh; nra;jjhf;f Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;.
(1940-1950) ,jw;nfd nts;isahplKk; Ml;rpahsh;fsplKk; mDkjp ngw;Ws;sjhf
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;fs;. 21.93.0

.
Muk;g fhyq;fspy; new;gapiu kl;LNk tptrhak; nra;J te;Js;sdh;. fpzWfs;
ntl;b mjpypUe;J khLfis itj;J ,wit %yk; ePiug; gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;.
mg;Nghija epyj;jb ePh; kl;lk; Rkhh; 12 mbahf ,Ue;Js;sJ. 2000k; Mz;LfSf;Fg;
gpwF epyj;jb ePh; kl;lk; ntFthff; Fiwe;J ,g;NghJ Rkhh; 60 mbahfp tpl;lJ.
1965 KjNy fpzWfspy; kpd; ,wit Nkhl;lhh; gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;. ij khjk;
([dthp) tiu jhd; new; gaph; tptrhak; nra;J te;Js;sdh;. 2006k; Mz;bw;Fg; gpwF
rhkhe;jp g+ tptrhak; nra;J tUfpd;wdh;. Gdy; fhL fpuhkj;jpy; midtUNk epy
clikjhuh;fs;. Rkhh; 3 Vf;fh; Kjy; 5 Vf;fh; tiu eQ;ir epyq;fs; nrhe;jkhf
itj;Js;sdh;. tay;fis xl;bNa mjpfk; Ngh; jk; tPLfis fl;b FbapUe;J
tUfpd;wdh;.

Muk;g fhyfl;lj;jpy; fTj;jp kiyapy; fpilf;ff; $ba nghUl;fis Nrfhpg;gJk;> Ra

Njitf;Fg; kPjkhd nghUl;fis tpw;Wk; jk; [Ptdhk;rj;ij fopj;J te;jth;fs;
1940fspy; nts;isahpd; mDkjpNahL GQ;irf; fhLfis rPuikj;J tay;
ntspfshf khw;wpaikj;Js;sdh;. 1960 tiu rpW jhd;a tptrhakhd> fk;G> tuF
Nghd;wtw;iw tptrhakhf;f nra;J te;jth;fs; 1960f;F gpd; gpujhd tptrhakhf
new;gapiuAk; 2000k; Mz;bw;F gpd; rhke;jpg;g+ Nghd;wtw;iwAk; tptrhakhf nra;J
tUfpd;wdh;. ,ilg;gl;l fhyq;fspy; jpwe;j ntspf; fpzWfs; Njhz;b 1963 Kjy;
kpd; ,wit Nkhl;lhiuAk; gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. epyj;jb ePh; kl;lk; 1960-70fspy;
Rkhh; 12 mbahf ,Ue;J te;J jw;NghJ 2014k; Mz;by; 60 mbahf Fiwe;Js;sJ
vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;. 1960fs; tiu fTj;jp kiyapypUe;J fpilj;J te;j
nghUl;fis jkJ tho;thjhuj;jpw;F KOikahf ek;gp rhh;e;J tho;e;Js;sdh;. mtuth;
jFjpf;Nfw;g khLfs; kw;Wk; nrk;kwp mLfis tsh;j;J Nkw;gb fhy;eilfis fTj;jp
kiyapid Nka;r;rYf;Ffhfg; KOikahf;g gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;. fhy;eilfis
Nka;g;gjw;F nts;isah; fhyj;jpYk;> Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd;G fpuhk Kd; rPg;gplKk; gh];
(mDkjpr; rPl;L) ngw;W fTj;jp kiyapid Nka;r;rYf;Fg; gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;.
Nkw;gb mDkjpr; rPl;Lfs; gf;fj;J fpuhkkhf fyh; nfhl;lhapy; fhy;eilfspd;
vz;zpf;if ,th;fNshL ek;gpf;ifapy; $Ljyhf ,Ue;jJ vdTk;> mth;fs; fhy;eil

Nka;r;riy gpujhd njhopyhff; nfhz;l ahjth; r%fj;jpdh; ,d;W tiu ngUkstpy;

tho;e;J tUfpd;wdh;.

tdj;ij rhh;e;J tUtha; <l;b tho;thjhuj;ij elj;jp te;jth;fs; (100%)

fhyg;Nghf;fpy; eilKiwapy;
Vw;gl;l fyhr;rhu khw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; ntsp cyf
njhlh;Gfs;> tptrha Kiwapy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fspd; fhuzq;fshfTk;> murpd; fhLfs;
ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; Nghd;wtw;wpdhYk; jkJ tho;thjhu ikaj;ij tay; ntspfis
ek;gpAk; ntsp Ntiyfis ek;gpAk; khw;wpAs;shh;. MdhYk; ,d;W tiu fTj;jp
kiyapd; ,aw;if td Mjhuq;fis Nka;r;ry; epyk; kw;Wk; vhp
nghUs;
Njitf;fhd gpwF nghWf;Fjy; Nghd;wtw;wpf;F gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. Mdhy;
mij ntspNa $wpdhy; rl;lk; jd; gyhj;fhu iffis ePlb
; tpLNkh vd mQ;Rk;
kNdhghgNk gpujhdkhfg; gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. $iu Nka;tjw;Fg; gad;gl;L te;j
rPifg;Gy;ypd; Njit> jw;NghJ fl;b tPLfs; fl;Lk; gof;fk; mjpfhpj;J tUtjhy;
mjid Nrfhpj;J tpw;Fk; gof;fk; mhpjhfp tpl;lJ. MdhYk; ,d;Wk; $l Gdy; fhL
fpuhkj;jpy; Nkw;gb $iug;Gy; Nka;e;j tPLfis;f fhz Kbfpd;wJ. 7 tUlf; fUg;G
vdg;gLk; 1970fspy; te;j gQ;rfhyj;ij fTj;jp kiyapd; tpwFfis nghWf;fp
tpw;Wk;> kUe;Jg; nghUl;fis tpw;Wk; $iug;Gy; mWj;Jk; tpw;Nw rkhspj;jjhff;
$Wfpd;wdh;. ,d;wsTk; ,t;tUlk; nga;j jw;Nghija kioapy; jpUtz;zhkiy
khtl;lj;jpNyNa mjpf kio ngw;jJ ,g;gFjpapy; jhd; vd kfpo;Tld; Fwpg;gpl;l
kf;fs;
mjw;Ff;
fhuzk;
jhq;fs;
FbapUf;Fk;
Nkw;gFjpapy;
mike;Js;s
fTj;jpkiyNa vd Mzpj;jukhf $Wfpd;wdh;.

S.No Nature of dependence

1
Food material gathered for
own consumption
2
Cutting of green leaves to
maintain subsistence farming
and life style
3
Collection herbals and other
home remedy items
4
Collection of forest produces
for selling purposes
5
For grazing purposes
6
Cultural reasons

Dependent
25 (25.8%)

Non dependent
72 (74.2)

Total
97 (100%)

22 (22.7%)

75 (77.3%)

97 (100%)

13 (13.4%)

84 (86.6%)

97 (100%)

8 (8.2%)

89 (91.8)

97 (100%)

82 (84.5%)
97 (100%)

15 (15.5)
0 (0%)

97 (100%)
97 (100%)

fTj;jpkiyapy; fhy;eil
Nka;r;rYf;F tha;g;G Fiwtpy;yhky; fpilg;gjhy;
fhy;eilfis Fwpg;ghf ghy;khLfis njhlh;e;J tsh;j;Jg; gad; ngw;W tUfpd;wdh;.
2011k; Mz;L Kjy; ghy; gz;iz xd;wpizg; gjpT nra;J elj;jp tUfpd;wdh;.
,d;wsTk; rhkp Fk;kpLk; epfo;r;rpf;fhf 100% kf;fSk; fTj;jp kiyapid ehb
tUfpd;wdh;.

(1947

), 1990

jiyg;Gfs;

1947
1918y; %d;W %Q;ry;
kw;Wk; thzpaQ;jhq;fy;
gFjpapypUe;J
Gdy;
fhL
fpuhkj;jpy;
10
FLk;gq;fs;
FbNawp
cs;sdh;
(td;dpa
fTz;lh; r%fj;jpdh;)

2014apy;
1990
tiu
Rkhh;
50-60 95
FLk;gq;fshf
FLk;gq;fshf
$bAs;sdh;.
,Ue;Js;sdh;.
1990
Kjy;
ntsp
NtiyfSf;fhf
jw;fhypf ,lg;ngah;r;rp
eilngw;Ws;sJ.

tPLfs;

Fbirfs; kw;Wk; kz;

tPLfs; fTj;jp kiyapy;
fpilf;Fk; #ifg; Gy;
Nkw;$iuahf
tPLfSf;Fg;
gad;gl;Ls;sJ.

nfl;b tPLfs;> fhiu

tPLfs; vd khwpAs;sJ.
#ifg;Gy;ypd;
Njit
Fiwe;Js;sJ.

kiyapd;
rhh;Gj;
jd;ik

100 kiyapYs;s td
Mjhuq;fisNa
jk;
tho;thjhukhf nfhz;L
thoe;Js;sdh;.

kiyapy;
fpilj;j
nghUl;fs;
cgNahfg;
gLj;jpait

#ifg;Gy; kug;gl;ilfs;>
nfhbfs;
kpshh;
(tpsf;FkhW)>
fpoq;Ffs;> go tiffs;
(fpshg;gok;> ehtw;gok;>
g+yhg;gok;>
,ye;ijg;
gok;) fPiufs; fd;Ds;s
fPiu>
KRfl;l
fPiu>
Fr;rp fPiu (kpd;dp fPiu)
Mjyq;fha; fhl;Lg;gsp
<r;rq;fk;G>
%ypifr;
nrbfs; tpwF kw;Wk;
Njd;.
,itfis
Nrfhpj;J jk; nrhe;j
cgNahfj;jpw;Fk;
tpw;gidf;Fk;
gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;.

FbNaw;wk;

95% nfl;b tPLfshf

cs;sJ.
#ifg;Gy;
jw;NghJ
fhy;eilfSf;fhd
nfhl;lifapy;
Nkw;$iuahfg;
gad;gLfpd;wJ.
ful;Lg;
gFjpfis 30%
gad;ghNl
rPuikj;J
eQ;ir kiyiar; rhh;e;Js;sJ.
epyq;fis
cUthf;fp
ney;
tptrhak;
nra;jikahYk;> murpd;
fl;Lg;ghLfspdhYk;
kiyapd; rhh;Gj; jd;ik
Fiwa Muk;gpj;Js;sJ.
tdr;rl;lk; te;j gpwFk;> tpwF
kw;Wk;
tay;ntsp
tptrhak; tpsf;FkhW
njhlq;fpajhYk;
Nghd;wtw;iw
kl;Lk;
tdj;ij ek;gpath;fspd; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;.
vz;zpf;if
Fiwaj;
Jtq;fpAs;sJ.
fpoq;Ffs;
vLg;gJ
Kw;wpYkhf
mUfp
tpl;lJ. Njd; kw;Wk;
gotiffs;
Fiwthd
mstpNyNa
fpilj;Js;sJ.

,itfis
Nrfhpj;J
jk;
nrhe;j
cgNahfj;jpw;Fk;
tpw;gidf;Fk;
kiyapd;
fPNoAs;s
gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;. jiug;
gFjpapy;
mjpfkhfTk;>
kiy
Fhy;eilfSf;fhd
gFjpay;
FiwthfTk;
Nka;r;ry; KOikahff; gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.
fpilj;Jk;>
gad;gLj;jpAk;
te;Js;sdh;.

GQ;ir epyq;fs; ntWk;

Nka;r;ry;
epyq;fshf
khwpAs;sd.
tdg;
gFjpapy;
Ml;fs;
,y;yhky; fhy;eilfs;
nrd;W
Nka;e;J
tUfpd;wd.

fy;tp epiu

tptrhak;
khw;wk;

,f;fhy
fl;lj;;jpy;
,k;kf;fspd;
fy;tp
epiy
gpd;
jq;fpNa
,Ue;jJ.
Muk;g
fhyq;fspy;
fhLfspNyNa
,Ue;jjhy;
fy;tpapy;
ehl;lkpy;iy. 1925f;Fg;
gpd; ,t;t+hpy; jpz;izg;
gs;sp
nray;gl;bapUf;fpwJ.
Kw;wpYk;
cs;Sh;
kf;fspd; Ch;njhif
t#y;
gzj;jpd;
cjtpahy; eilngw;wJ.
jw;fhy
fy;tpf;F
m];jpthukhf
murhy;
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l
Muk;g
gs;sp
1975
tUlk;
Kjy;; nray;gLfpwJ.
Tptrhak; nra;j rkak;
ney; mjpfk; gaphpl;ldh;.
Mjw;fhf
fhLfspypUe;J
,iy
jiofis
ntl;b
vLj;J
cukhfg;
gad;gLj;jp mjpf ney;
kf#y;
ngw;wdh;.
cs;Sh;
tpijfs;
kl;LNk
gad;gLj;jp
te;jdh;. 1947-50fSf;Fg;
gpd; fpuhk
fhLfis
murhdJ Ch;j;jiyth;
tprk;
xg;gilg;G
nra;jgbahy;
tdj;Jf;Fk; kiyf;Fk;
nra;tJ
Fwpe;jJ.
,jdhy; ,iy jio
gad;ghL
Fiwe;jJ.
,jdhy; ney; Fiwe;J
gaphpl;ldh;.
tptrha
epykpy;yhjth;fs
$ypfhfTk;
Fiwe;j
mstpNaDk;
epyk;
itj;jpUe;j
gbapy;
tptrha
$yp
kw;Wk;
khw;whs;
Kiw
,Ue;jjJ.
,jd;gb
tptrha NtiyahdJ 6
khjj;Jf;F
fpilj;J
te;jJ.
gaph;fSf;F
,aw;ifahd
g+r;rp
nfhy;yp
kUe;J
njspj;J te;jdh;.

1975f;Fg;
gpd;
2000
fhyfl;lk;
tiuapYk;
ntspa+hpypUe;J
FbGFe;jth;fs; kw;Wk;
cs;Sh; kf;fs; muR
jpl;lq;fs;
thapyhf
gy;NtW fy;tp rhh;e;j
fw;wy;fs;;
ngw;wdh;.
,jd;
fhuzkhf
cs;Sh;
Muk;g
ghlrhiy
fy;tpf;Fk;
Nkyhf
fy;tpw;Fk;
vz;zk;
tsh;e;jJ.
,jd; fhuzkhf nrQ;rp
12> jpUtz;zhkiy 8
fpkP Mfpa Ch;fSf;Fr;
nrd;Wk;
fy;tp
fw;w
epiyf;F
tsh;e;jpUe;jdh;.

2000f;Fg; gpd; jw;NghJ

tiu
,t;T+h;
kf;fs;
fy;tpf;nfd efuq;fis
ehbr;
nrd;W
fy;tp
fw;f Muk;gpj;Js;sdh;.
mjd;
gb
NtY}h;>
tpOg;Guk;>
jpUtz;zhkiy
nrd;id
Nghd;w
Ch;fspy; Jizg; gphpT>
njhopy;El;gk;>
fzpdp
Nghd;w
tsf;
fy;tp
fw;W tUfpd;wdh.

1965fspy;
,t;t+h;
gFjpf;F
kpd;rhu
tha;g;G fpilj;j rkak;
tdk; ahyh;f;F nry;y
,ayhj fhuzkhf kpd;
tha;g;ig
gad;gLj;jp
cs;Shpy;
tay;
tpisr;ry; nra;J ney;
kl;Lky;yhky;
fliy>
fk;G> Nfo;tuF> tuF
Nghd;wtw;iwAk;
gaph;
nra;a
Muk;gpj;jdh;.
ntspa+h;fspYk;
filfspYk;
tpij
gz;izapYk;>
epWtdq;fspYk; thq;fpg;
gaphpl;ldh;.
ney;
Kjyhd
tptrhak;
Fiwe;jhYk;
tdg;gFjpf;Fr;
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--------

(JFM)

1970???

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