CPM Examples

ShipProductionTechnology
NETWORKANALYSIS
OFPROJECT
Jaswar
NavalArchitectureandOffshore
Mechanical Engineering
MechanicalEngineering
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Innovative.Entrepreneurial.Global
ProjectManagement
P
j M
CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM)
CRITICALPATHMETHOD(CPM)
NETWORKANALYSISOFPROJECT
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NetworkAnalysis
ofProjectsandCPM
fP j
d CPM
o TheCriticalPathMethod(CPM)isoneofseveral
(
)
relatedtechniquesfordoingprojectplanning.
o CPMisforprojectsthataremadeupofanumber
of individual "activities
ofindividual"activities.
o CPMcanhelpyoufigureout:
1 howlongyourcomplexprojectwilltaketocomplete
1.
how long your complex project will take to complete
2. whichactivitiesare"critical,"meaningthatthey
havetobedoneontimeorelsethewholeproject
will take longer
willtakelonger
o CPManalysisstartsafterfiguringoutallthe
p j
individualactivitiesinaproject.
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Time Sol in
TimeSolving
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
8.
9.
E(earliesteventoccurencetime)
(
)
L(Latesteventoccurencetime)
ES(earliestactivitystarttime)
EF(earliestactivityfinishtime)
LS(latestactivitystarttime)
LF(latestactivityfinishtime)
t(activitydurationtime)
TS (T l Sl k i )
TS(TotalSlacktime)
FS(Freeslacktime)
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Ho to Calc late
HowtoCalculate
1 Projecthasonlyoneinitialevent(start)and
1.
Project has only one initial event (start) and
oneterminalevent(finish).
2 Theinitialeventiszero.
2.
The initial event is zero
3. ThelatestterminaleventisLS=ES.
o Forwardcomputation
Start(initialevent,ES) to (terminalevent,EF)
o Backwardcomputation
FinishtoStarttoidentifythelatestfinish(LF)andLatest
Start (LS)
Start(LS)
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E tC
EventComponents
t
aa=no.event
no.event
b=earliestevent (E)
andearliestStart (ES)
( )
basedonforward
computation
c=latestevent (L)dan
latestStart(LS)based
onbackward
b k
d
computation
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Example:1
Step1:Listtheactivities
CPManalysisstarts
y
whenyouhavea
tableshowingeach
activity in your
activityinyour
project.Foreach
activity,youneedto
k
knowwhichother
h h h
activitiesmustbe
donebeforeit
starts,andhowlong
theactivitytakes.
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Step 2 Dra the dia ram

Step2:Drawthediagram
Drawbyhandanetwork
diagramoftheproject
thatshowswhich
activitiesfollowwhich
otherones.Thiscanbe
th
Thi
b
tricky.Theanalysis
methodwe'llbeusing
requires an "activity
requiresan
activityon
on
arc"(AOA)diagram.An
AOAdiagramhas
numbered "nodes"
numbered
nodes that
that
representstagesof
projectcompletion
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St 3 S t th CPM
Step3:SetuptheCPMspreadsheet
dh t
1. Type
Typetheword
the word "Activities"
Activities and
and Names
Namesoftheactivities
of the activities..
2. Type"Nodes:activity'sstartnode wherethetailof
itsarrowis.Belowthat,activity'sendnode wherethe
headofitsarrowis.Typethewords"Start"and"End.
3. Type"Times".Typethetimeeachactivitytakes.Then,
selecttherangeofcellscontainingthenodenumbers
l
h
f ll
i i
h
d
b
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St 4 Fi d th P th
Step4:FindthePaths
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10
St 5 P t th
Step5:Pastethepathintospreadsheet
th i t
dh t
Calculatethe
paths'times
Identifythe
criticalpath
ii l
h
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11
St 6 Fi d th C iti l P th
Step6:FindtheCriticalPath
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12
Fi d th C iti l P th ?
FindtheCriticalPath?
Activities
i
1
2
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
5
6
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Time (Day)
t
2
5
3
6
4
3
13
E li t St t d Fi i h
EarliestStartandFinish
1. FirstRule:E(1)=0
2. SecondRule
EF(12)=ES(12)+t
=0+2=2
EF(23)=ES(23)+t
=2+5=7
EF(24)=ES(24)+t
=2+3=5
2 3 5
EF(35)=ES(35)+t
=7+6=13
EF(45)=ES(45)+t
EF(4 5) = ES(4 5) + t
=5+4=9
EF(56)=ES(56)+t
=13
13 +3
+ 3 =16
16
Activities
Earliest Time
Time (Day)
t
Start
(ES)
Finish
(EF)
13
13
16
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14
Sl k Ti
SlackTime
LS(56)=LF(56)
( )
( ) t
=16 3=13
LS(45)=LF(45) t
=13 4=9
LS(35)=LF(35) t
=13
13 6=7
6 7
LS(24)=LF(24) t
= 7 3=4
=7
3=4
LS(23)=LF(23) t
=7 5=2
Activities
i
(1)
1
2
2
3
4
5
(2)
2
3
4
5
5
6
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Time
(Day)
(t)
(3)
2
5
3
6
4
3
Earliest
Start
Finish
(ES)
(EF)
(4)
(5)
0
2
2
7
2
5
7
13
5
9
13
16
Latest
Start
Finish
(LS)
(LF)
(6)
(7)
0
2
2
7
6
9
7
13
9
13
13
16
15
Sl k Ti
SlackTime
Activities
Earliest
Latest
Start
(ES)
Finish
(EF)
Start
(LS)
Finish
(LF)
TOTAL
SLACK
(TS)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
13
13
13
13
16
13
16
Time (Day)
(t)
(1)
(2)
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16
Class Work
ClassWork
Activities
Description
Time
(week)
Predecessor
Design Notebook
21
Make Prototype
Evaluation Prototype
T t Prototype
Test
P t t
Write report and evaluation result
C,D
Write report about method
C,D
Write final report
E, F
Determine CPM and Total Slack

DetermineCPMandTotalSlack
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17
For ard Comp tation

ForwardComputation
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18
Back ard Comp tation

BackwardComputation
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19
Slack Time
SlackTime
TS=LS
TS
LS ESor
ES or LF
LF EF
Activity,A=(0 0)atau(21 21)=0
Activity,
Activity B=(21
B = (21 21)atau(26
21) atau (26 26)=0
26) = 0
Activity, C=(21 21)atau(28 28)=0
Activity,
A ti it D=(26
D (26 26)atau(28
26) t (28 28)=0
28) 0
Activity, E=(28 28)atau(36 33)=3
Activity, F=(28 28)atau(36 36)=0
Activity, G=(36 36)atau(38 38)=0
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20
Cost estimation in CPM

CostestimationinCPM
NormalTime(NT)
NormalCost(NC)
( )
CrashTime(CT)
CrashCost(CC)
Cost
Crash
cost
Crashpoint
Normalpoint
Normal
cost
Time
CrashTime
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NormalTime
21
Cost Estimation E ample

CostEstimationExample
Amount
($)
Required Time (Weeks)

Activities
Predecessor
Normal
Crash
Normal
Crash
10.000
11.000
6.000
9.000
4.000
6.000
14 000
14.000
18 000
18.000
B,C
9.000
9.000
7.000
8.000
E, F
13.000
25.000
D, E
11.000
18.000
H, G
20.000
19.000
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22
Q estions
Questions
1 Determinerequiredtimeandcostforthis
1.
Determine required time and cost for this
project
2 Determinefreeandtotalslackstime
2.
Determine free and total slacks time
3. Ifwewanttodecrease3weeks,determine
whichactivitiestobeshortanddetermine
hi h i i i
b h
dd
i
totalcost.
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23
Ans er No 1
AnswerNo.1
CriticalPaths:A,B,D,H,I
Criticalnodes:1 2 3 5 8 9
Requiredtotaltime22weeks
Requiredtotalamount:10.000+6.000+4.000+14.000+9.000+7.000+13.000+
11 000 + 20 000 =$94.000
11.000+20.000
$ 94 000
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Free and Total Slacks

FreeandTotalSlacks
TotalSlackforC:9
Total
Slack for C : 9 7=2
7=2
FreeslackforC:7 4 2=1
Activities
Total Slack
Free Slack
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Crash Pro ram

CrashProgram
Activities
Slope
500
3000
2000
2000
1000
6000
2333
9000
Acanbedecreased2weeks(4
b d
d2
k (
2)
20weeks,amount:$94.000+(22 20)500=
$95.000
$95
000
ThesmallestslopeafterA isDabout1week (5
4).
4)
19weekswithamount:$95.000+(20 19)2.000
$97 000
=$97.000
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Home ork 1
Homework.1
Activities
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
Predecessor
A
A
B,C
,
B
D
D
E,F,G
E,F
H
H,I
J,K
L
M
N
Required time
(
(weeks)
)
9
7
3
6
8
5
9
7
8
5
2
4
6
3
8
a. Requiredtimetocompletetheproject
b CriticalPath
b.
Critical Path (CPM
c. Slacktimeforeachactivities
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27
Home ork 2
Homework.2
Activities
Determinenormaltimeandcost
Determine normal time and cost
Determinecrashtimeandcost
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A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Required time (Weeks)

Normal
4
8
6
9
5
5
3
7
Crash
3
6
4
7
2
4
3
6
Amount
($)
Normal
Crash
210
280
400
560
500
600
540
600
500
1100
150
240
150
150
600
750
28
Home ork 3
Homework.3
Amount
($)
Required time (weeks)

Activities
Normal
Crash
Normal
Crash
12
1000
1500
23
2000
4000
24
2500
3500
35
1500
2500
45
6000
12000
56
2000
5000
Iftheprojecttobecompletedwithin12weeks,
please estimate required minimum cost ?
pleaseestimaterequiredminimumcost?
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ShipProductionTechnology

Step 2 Dra the dia ram

Write report and evaluation result

Write report about method

Write final report

Determine CPM and Total Slack

For ard Comp tation

Back ard Comp tation

Cost estimation in CPM

Cost Estimation E ample

Required Time (Weeks)

Free and Total Slacks

Crash Pro ram

Required time (Weeks)

Required time (weeks)

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