4/6/2009

Watershed Application
using ArcGIS
Agus Wibowo
MSc in IT for NRM
Bogor Agricultural University
e mail: aw3126@yahoo.com
e-mail:
aw3126@yahoo com

Aplikasi GIS untuk Watershed

Menentukan batas DAS / watershed
boundaries
Menentukan distribusi curah hujan di DAS
o
o

Polygon Thiessen
Isohyet

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Data Used
Data Digital Elevation NASA Shuttle Radar
Topography Mission (SRTM)
Dapat di-download di http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/
Tersedia Data SRTM 90m Version 4

Website Data SRTM

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Search Data SRTM

3. Click untuk mencari data

1. Pilih format data

2. Click lokasi data

Download Data

Click untuk download

Data hasil download

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Software:
ArcGIS Desktop + Spatial Analyst Tools

Watershed Delineation

Creating a depressionless DEM

Flow direction
Flow Accumulation
Stream network/line
Stream link
Stream order
Delineating watersheds
Sumber: ArcGIS Desktop Help

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Add Data to ArcMap - 1

Ekstrak Zip file data hasil
download
Start ArcMap
Aktifkan ArcToolbox
Click menuConversion tools
ASCII to raster

Add Data to ArcMap - 2

Input: ..\srtm_58_14\srtm_58_14.ASC
Output: ..\SRTM_v4\jabar_dem
Output data type: INTEGER
Click OK

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Add Data to ArcMap - 3

Ubah Symbology Peta

Double Click Layer
y

Pilih jenis Color Ramp

Click untuk
membalik urutan warna

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Cropping Data DEM

Gunakan ArcToolBox
Spatial Analyst Tools
Extraction
Untuk ekstraksi
berdasar luasan misal
poligon batas admin
Jawa Barat gunakan
Extract by Mask. Buat
raster poligon batas
admin Jabar terlebih
dahulu.

Buat Mask Batas Admin Jabar

Pilih poligon Jabar
Load batas admin
Indo_prop.shp
o Select Jawa Barat
o

Konversi Poligon ke
raster
o
o

Gunakan Arctoolbox
Conversion tools To
Raster Polygon to
Raster
Atur ukuran sel
0.001 (10 m)

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Extract by Mask / Cropping

Gunakan menu
Arctoolbox
Spatial Analyst Tools
Extraction Extract
by Mask

Hasil Extract by Mask

Spatial Analyst
Overview of Hydrology Tools

Basin: Creates a raster delineating all drainage basins within the Analysis window.
Fill: Fills sinks in a surface raster to remove small imperfections in the data.
Flow Accumulation: Creates a raster of accumulated flow to each cell by accumulating the weight
for all cells that flow into each downslope cell.
Flow Direction: Creates a grid of flow direction from each cell to its steepest downslope neighbor.
Flow Length: Calculates upstream or downstream distance along a flow path for each cell.
Sink: Creates a grid identifying all sinks or areas of internal drainage.
Snap Pour Point: Snaps selected pour points to the cell of highest flow accumulation within a
specified neighborhood.
SnapPour: Snaps selected pour points to the cell of highest flow accumulation within a specified
neighborhood.
Stream Link: Assigns unique values to sections of a raster linear network between intersections.
Stream Order: Assigns a numeric order to segments of a grid representing branches of a linear
network.
Stream To Feature: Converts a raster representing a raster linear network to a feature class.
StreamShape: Converts a grid representing a raster linear network to a shapefile.
Watershed: Determines the contributing area above a set of cells in a grid
grid.

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Watershed Delineation

Creating a depressionless DEM

Flow direction
Flow Accumulation
Stream network/line
(Map Algebra)
Stream link
Stream order
Delineating watersheds
Sumber: ArcGIS Desktop Help

Creating a depressionless DEM - 1

Sink dan Peak terjadi
resolusi data atau
pembuatan nilai
integer
Sink dan peak harus
dihilangkan, jika tidak
maka delineasi
jarinagn drainase
tidak kontinyu.

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Creating a depressionless DEM - 2

Arctoolbox Spatial
Analyst Tools
Hydrology Fill
Waktu: 4 menit (Core 2
duo 2.33 GHz, RAM
4GB)

DEM h
hasilil

Create Flow Direction

Menentukan arah aliran air
Evaluasi 3 x 3 cell,
cell berhenti
pada tengah cell dan
evaluasi dengan nilai cell
tetangganya.
Jika arah aliran ke utara
maka nilai cell tengah diganti
dengan cell tsb.

Nilai cell antara 1-255

Contoh untuk illustrasi

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Compute Flow Direction

ArctoolBox Spatial
Analyst Tools Flow
Direction
Waktu: 30 detik

Hasil Flow Direction

Compute Flow Accumulation

Untuk menentukan
jaringan sungai
Waktu: 1' 6

Hasil Flow Accumulation

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Extract Stream Network - 1

Ubah symbology peta
FlowAccumulation
menjadi classified
dengan 5 klas secara
Natural Breaks.
Maka akan terlihat
angka treshold
jaringan sungai.

Extract Stream Network - 2

ArctoolBox Spatial
Analyst Tools Map
Algebra Single
Output Map ALgebra

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Stream Link

Stream Order
Metode:

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Watershed Delineation
Watershed Outlet /
Pour Points
Create shapefiles
(point) using
ArcCatalog

Add pour point pada

pertemua cabang
sungai
sungai.

Pour Point
Buat pour point sesuai kebutuhan

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Watershed Delineation
Hasil kurang bagus,
perlu pour point yang
banyak.

Automatic Basin Delineation

Secara otomatis delineasi
basin / watershed area
untuk seluruh data.
ArctoolBox Spatial
Analyst Tools Hydrologi
Basin

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Compute Flow Length

Flow length is the
distance travelled
from any cell along
the surface flow
network to an outlet.
This can be used to
find areas that are
closer to headwater
locations or closer to
stream outlets.

ArcToolBox Spatial
Analyst Tools
Hydrology Flow
Length

Hasil Flow Length

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Hillshade
Untuk memberi efek tampilan 3D
Arctoolbox Spatial Analyst Tools Surface Hillshade
Overlay dengan Flowlenght dengan transparancy 35%

Referensi
ArcGIS Desktop Help
Hydrologic
y
g Modeling
g and Watershed
Delineationhttp://courses.washington.edu/esrm590/lessons/hydrology/index.
html
SRTM 90m Digital Elevation Data
http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/
Data Batas Administrasi, jaringan jalan, lokasi kota, http://neonet.bppt.go.id

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