khw;wk; xd;W mtrpak;!

kWrPuikg;Gldhd khw;wk;
rptpy; r%fj;jpduhy; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;w nfhs;if kWrPuikg;G!
Kd;nkhopTfs;
KfTiu
eilKiwapYs;s r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay; nraw;ghLfspd; jPikahd
jhf;fj;ij ,d;W ,yq;if tho;
midj;J kf;fSk; ed;whdGupe;Jf;
nfhz;Ls;sdu;. Ml;rpahsu;fspd; Ra ,yhgk;> mjpfhu Nguhir fhuzkhf ehl;bYs;s
tsq;fisg; Nghd;Nw vjpu;fhy rKjhaj;jpdiu jpahfk; nra;Ak; epiyik Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
jdp egu; tUkhd tsu;r;rp> ehl;bd; tWik epiy njhlu;ghf NtW fijfis
tpfhug;gLj;jp fhl;ltNjhL kf;fSf;f;fpilapy; cs;s tUkhd Vw;wj;jho;T fzf;fpy;
vLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
mgptpUj;jpapd; vd;w Ngupy; vLf;fpd;w ngupa mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;L kf;fis
Vkhw;wp KO ehl;L kfisAk;
fldhspfshf;fp kw;Wk; ,aw;if tsq;fs; kw;Wk;
Rw;whliy mopj;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;Lfpd;w nraw;jpl;lq;fspdhy; vq;fSila Njrj;jpd;
mopit ehNk Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;.
czT cw;gj;jp nra;Nthu; njhopyhsu;fs; kw;Wk; midj;J JiwfspYk; ngz;fspd;
tho;thjhu kl;lk; kw;Wk; tho;if epiyik ghuJukhf rpijtiljy;.njhopy; cupik
,y;yhnjhopj;jypdhy; Vw;gLfpd;w Nghuhl;lq;fs; ,g; Nghuhl;lq;fis kYq;fbg;gjw;fhf
rl;lk; kw;Wk; ,uhZtj;ij mjpfkhf gad;gLj;Jtij
fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.
ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwapy; tho;fpd;w kf;fs; 200 tUlq;fshf ,e; ehl;bd; tsu;r;rpf;fhf
Njhy; nfhLj;jhYk;; ,d;Dk; ,tu;fs; ,e; ehl;bd; gpuiIfshf r%fj;jpy; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;glhik kpf Ntjidf;Fupa tplahFk;.
gps;isfs; fy;tp njhlu;ghd vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;fis ,oe;J ghlrhiyfis tpl;Lr; ,ilapy
tpyfpr;; nry;Yjy;> ghlrhiyfs; %lg;gLfpd;wik> cau; fy;tp trjpfs; toq;fg;glhik
,d;W
; mjpfupj;Js;sJ.Rfhjhu Jiwapy; kf;fspd; Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F
,ayhikia Nghd;Nw
r%f nghUshjhu rpf;fy;epiy fhuzkhf kf;fs; Kfk;
nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpidfs; tsu;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.
,e;ehl;by; thOfpd;w ,dq;fspy; rpWghd;ik kf;fspd; cupik njhlu;ghf ,d;Dk;
Kiwahd jPu;Tfs; Kd; itf;fg;glhik>mk; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfis jPug
; ;gjw;F
Fiwe;jgl;rk;
mjpfhuq;fisahtJ gfpu;e;jspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,g; gpur;rpidfspdhy;
ehl;il gpd;Ndhf;fp efu;j;j KbahJ. ehl;il gpd;Ndhf;fp efu;j;j Kaw;rpf;Fk; rf;jpfSf;F
,lkspf;ff; $lhJ. vdNt midj;J ,dq;fspd; Njitg;ghLfis fUj;jpw; nfhz;L
nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. rfy ,dq;fSk; rftho;Tld; ,iztjw;fhd nraw;ghl;il
cUthf;Ftjw;fhf KbAkhdst mjpfhuq;fis gfpu;e;jspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhf
murpay; ahg;gpdpy; khw;wj;jij nfhz;L tu Ntz;Lk;.
,J [dehafj;jpd; xOq;fpy; kw;Wk; [dehafj;jpd; Row;rpapy; ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;.
rl;lj;jpd; xOq;if my;yJ rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rpia epiyg;gLj;Jfpd;w ru;tNjr kdpj
cupikr; rl;lq;fSf;F mikthf eltbf;iffis Nkw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ehl;il
1

rpwg;ghd xU ehlhf khw;Wtjw;F ey;yhl;rp kw;Wk; kdpj cupik kjpf;fg;gLfpd;w>

rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; nfsutj;Jld; thof;$ba #o;epiyia cUthf;Ftjw;fhffT>k; r%f
nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;fhfTk; ghLgLfpd;w rptpy; mikg;Gf;fs; vd;w tifapy;
,t;thwhdnjhU r%f #oiy cUthf;Ftjw;fhf gy jrhg;gjq;fshf nral;gl;l
mDgtq;fis ikag;gLj;jp ,e;j MNyhridfis Kd; itf;fpd;Nwhk;.
murpay; ahg;G rPu;jp&j;jk;
epiwNtw;W
Idhjpgjp
Kiwikia
,uj;Jr;
nra;jy;.
rpWghd;ikapduhy;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba 13k; murpay; rPu;j;jpUj;j ahg;ig tpl kpf mjpfkhd mjpfhuj;Jld;
$ba mu;j;jKs;sjhd mjpfhuq;fis khfhz rigfSf;F gfpu;jspg;gJld;; tYkpf;f
ghuhSkd;w Kiwia
]jhgpj;jy;.,jw;fhf 2000 Mz;bd; Mf];l; murpayikg;G
Kd;nkhopit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L midj;J ,dq;fs; kw;Wk; rfy jug;gpdUk;
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; tifapyhd fl;likg;G xd;wpd; Clhf Gjpa murpay; ahg;gpid
cUthf;Fjy;.
ey;yhl;rp
ePjpkd;wq;fspd; RahjPd jd;ikia cUthf;Fjy.; jz;lizapypUe;J jg;Gtij ePf;fp
rl;lj;jpd;
Kd;rfyUk;
rkkhf
fUjg;glNtz;Lk;.
nrhj;J
Ftpg;G
Coy;fis
ntspf;nfhzUk; tifapy; rl;lj;ij rPu;j;jpUj;jp
nghJ kf;fs; ,yFthf jfty;fis
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba
Kiwfis
cUthf;Fjy;.
mur
epWtdq;fs;
RahjPdkhf,aq;Ftjw;fhf
,Uf;fpd;w
midj;Jtpjkhd
RahjPd
Mizf;FOf;fSk;>murpay; fl;rpfs; kw;Wk; rptpy; r%f mikg;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhd
rl;lr; rig xd;wpdhy; mikf;fg;gl;L RahjPdkhdjhf nraw;gLj;Jjy;.
,uhZtkakhf;fy;
rptpy;
epu;thf
nraw;ghLfSf;F
,uhZtk;
my;yJ
xa;T
ngw;w
ghJfhg;G
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis epakpf;ff;$lhJ. jw;NghJ rptpy; epu;thf nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;Lf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wmidj;Jtpjkhd
,uhZt
jiyaPLfisAk;
cldbahf
epWj;j
Ntz;Lk;. mtru #o;epiyfspYk; $l gpuNjrj;jpYs;s rptpy; epu;thfpfspd; mjpfhuj;jpd;
fPNoNa midj;J eltbf;iffSk; ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;.
mlf;FKiw fl;lisr; rl;lq;fiscldlbahf ,uj;Jr; nra;jy;
gaq;futhj jilr;rl;lk; cl;gl midj;Jtpjkhd mlf;FKiw fl;lisr; rl;lq;fisAk;
cldbahf
,uj;Jr;
nra;a
Ntz;Lk;.tof;Fj;
jhf;fy;
nra;ag;glhky;
jLj;J
itf;fg;gl;Ls;s midj;J ifjpfSf;Fk;; tof;Fjhf;fy; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW
,y;yhtpbd; cldbahf mtu;fis tpLjiy nra;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffis muR
Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;. cj;jpNahfg;G+u;tkw;w midj;J jLg;Gf; fhty; epiyaq;fisAk;
cldbahf mfw;w Ntz;Lk;. fhzhky; Nghd midtu; njhlu;ghd jfty;fisAk;
toq;Ftjw;F muR flikgl;bUg;gNjhL mt;thwy;yhj midj;Jr;re;ju;g;gq;fspYk;
fhzhky; Nghdtu;fs; njhlu;ghd KO
nghWg;igAk; murhq;fk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk.
ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; rkthaq;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy; kw;Wk; Gjpa rl;lq;fis
cUthf;Fjy;(tFj;jy;)

tho;tjw;fhd cupik kw;Wk; jfty;fis njupe;J nfhs;tjw;fhd cupikfs; mbg;gil

cupikfshfcUthf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.fhzky;
Mf;fg;gLjiy
Fw;wtpayhf
Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sy;> rhl;rpahsu;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd rl;lq;fis epWTjy;>rpj;jputijf;F vjpuhd
gpuflzj;jpd; Kjy; tpUg;gj;Nju;T kunghOq;F cl;gl kf;fs; mgpyhi\fis
Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;s$ba
ru;tNjr
gpuflzq;fspd;
gq;fhsuhFjy;
kw;Wk;
mitfis eilKiwg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
ICCPR kw;Wk; ICESCRru;tNjr kdpj rkthaq;fspd; cld;ghLfSf;Nfw;gehl;bd;
rl;lq;fis cUthf;fp eilKiwg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
rptpy; mikg;Gfspd; nghWg;Gf;fs;
kdpj cupikfis ghJfhg;gjw;fhf rptpy; mikg;Gf;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w
eltbf;iffis
Vw;Wf;
nfhz;L
mt;tikg;Gfis
RahjPdkhf
nraw;gltplhky;
jLf;fpd;w rfytpjkhd jilfisAk; ePf;fp> kdpj cupik nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;fhd
ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jp mtu;fSf;fhd xj;Jiog;Gfis toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
rl;lj;jpd; ,iwik kw;Wk; kdpj cupikfs; ghJfhg;G
fhzky; Mf;fg;gLjy>; rl;lj;jpw;F Gwk;ghf
rpj;jputijfs; nra;ag;gl $lhjnjhd;W vd;w
nry;tjw;F muR jiyapl Ntz;Lk;.

nra;ag;gLfpd;w nfhiyfs; kw;Wk;

vz;zj;ij r%fj;jpw;Fs; nfhz;Lr;

Fw;wq;fs; njhlu;ghd tprhuid eltbf;iffspd; NghJ re;Njf egu;fsplk; rhl;rpaq;fis

my;yJ jfty;fisg; ngWtjw;F rl;lj;jpw;F mg;ghyhd Kiwfis gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ.
rpj;jputij jLg;Gr; rl;ljij cupa Kiwapy;; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf tof;Fj;
fhyjhkjj;ij jLj;J> ePjpkd;wq;fs;> nghyp]hu;> rl;lkh mjpgu; kw;Wk; rl;l
itj;jpau;fs; jkJ nghWg;Gf;fis rpwe;j Kiwapy; epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd #o;epiyia
cUthf;Fjy;
kdpj
cupikfs;
Mizf;FO
rl;lj;jpy;jpUj;jq;fs;
Nkw;
nfhz;L
mjpy;
cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s rpghupRfis mOy;gLj;jtjw;fhd nray;Kiwfis jahupj;jy;.
Mizf;FOtpd;; tprhuidfis tpiuthf;Fjy;. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fis tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
rpwpastpyhd kw;Wk; jFe;j rhjhuz Kiwapyhd el;l<Lfis ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjw;F
eltbf;if vLj;jy;.
fhzhkyhf;fg;gLjy;>
ifJ
nra;jypd;
NghJre;Njf
egu;fs;
kupj;jy;
my;yJ
rpj;jputijf;F cw;gLthu;fshapd; mg; gpuNjrj;jpd; nghyp]; mjpfhup kw;Wk; epiya
nghWg;gjpfhupNa mjd; nghWg;ig Vw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w rl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
rpj;jputij njhlu;ghf cau;ePjpkd;wj;jpdhy; my;yJ kdpj cupikfs; Mizf;FOtpdhy;
nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;w rpghupR kw;Wk; fl;lisfis rl;lkh mjpgu; cldbahf nraw;gLj;jp
jfe;j tof;Fis jhf;fy; nra;J
FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs; mitfs; Kbtiltjw;fhd
eltbf;iffis vlj;jy;.
rl;lkh
jpizf;fsj;jpd; kWrPuikg;ig cldbahf
Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;.

nghUshjhuk;
,yhgk; kw;Wk; Ruz;liy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l et ypguy;thj(jhuhsthjk;)
nghUshjhu Kiwf;Fg; gjpyhf r%f epahaj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jf; $ba kw;Wk; r%f
kWrPuikg;Gld; $ba nghUshjhu nraw;ghL xd;W cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. midj;J
kf;fspdJk;>GtpapdJk;>Vida
IPtuhrpfspdJk;
cupikfs;
ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;w>mgptpUj;jpfspd; gpujpyhgq;fs; rfyUf;Fk; rkkhf nrd;wilAk;
tifapy; khw;W nghUshjhu Kiw xd;W cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Rfhjhuk;
Rfhjhunkdg;gLtJ r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay; gpur;rpidahdgbahy; mjd; KO
nghWg;igAk;
Ml;rpapYs;s
murhq;fNk
Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
NtzLk;.1978
my;kh
MlhntspaPl;by; Fwpg;glg;glLs;sgb
mbg;gil Rfhjhuk; njhlu;ghf gutyhd
nfhs;iffs jahupg;gjw;F mitfs; mbg;gilahf nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu trjpfs; njhlu;ghf NtW vg;NghJkpy;yhjthW kf;fs;
gq;Fgw;WjYld; midj;Jj; JiwfSf;fpilapYkhd rpwe;j njhlu;Gld;$ba %yhuk;gk;
Njit.
czT cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; kw;Wk EfuNthiu ghJfhg;gjw;fhf ,yq;if ehl;bd; tptrhak;
kw;Wk; kPdt ifj;njhopy;fis Kd;Ndw;Wjy;
kPdtu;fs; kw;Wk; tptrhapfspd; tho;thjhuj;ij ghJfhg;gjw;F kpf mtrpakhd fhzp ePu;
kw;Wk; tdhe;juq;fs; cs;slq;fpa ,aw;if tsq;fspd; Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk;
cupikia cWjp nra;jy;. ,aw;if tptrha kw;Wk; ,aw;if kPdt ifj;njhopiy
tYg;gLj;jypd; %yk; kz>; ePu; kw;Wk; Rw;whly; njhFjpfs; mopf;fg;gLtjpypUe;J
ghJfhf;ff; $ba tptrha Kiwf;F kf;fis <LgLj;jy;.
ehl;by; czT jahupj;jYf;fhd mbg;gilahf czT jd;dhjpf;fj;jpd; %yju;kq;fis
nfhs;if uPjpapyhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
rpW tptrhapfs;> rpWkPdtu;fs; kw;Wk; Vida czT cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; tho;thjhuj;jpd;
ghJfhg;G kw;Wk;
ePbj;J epiyf;f$ba jd;ikia ghJfhg;gjw;fhf tsq;fspd; kw;Wk;
re;ij cupikia mtu;fSf;F cWjpr; nra;jy;.
ehl;bd; midj;J kf;fSf;Fk; NghjpasT> Ngh\idkpf;f> ghJfhg;ghd kw;Wk;
fyhrhuq;fSf;F nghUe;Jfpd;w czTfis ,yFthf ngWtjw;F kw;Wk; mjid
jk;khy; jhq;ff;$ba tpiyf;F thq;Ftjw;Fkhd cupikia cWjpr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
Rw;whlypd; epiyahdj; jdikia
cUthf;ff;$ba tifapy; czT
nghUe;Jkhd tifapy; mgptpUj;jpj;
tptrhak; njhlu;ghfTs;s midj;J
Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

ghJfhg;gjw;F kw;Wk; kPs; cw;gj;jpfis rf;jpia

cw;gj;jpfs; Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F
jpl;lq;fis jahupj;jy; kw;Wk; kPd;gpb ifj;njhopy;>
nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; rl;ljpl;lq;fspy; kWrPuikg;ig

ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw(kiyafk;)
ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwapy; tho;fpd;w kf;fis rkj;Jtkhf elhj;jf;$ba rl;l gpd;Gyq;fis
jahupj;J mtu;fSk; ,e; ehl;bd; gpuiIfs; vd;w uPjpapy; fpilf;ff;$ba midj;J
4

cupikfisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw kf;fspd; gpuIh

cupikia cWjpr; nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd vOj;J %yq;fis(rhd;wpjy;fs;) ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tij cWjpr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. kj;jpa kiyehl;by;
kw;Wk; ehl;bd; $Wzu;T
Rw;whly; njhFjpfspy thOfpd;w ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw kf;fspd; tho;tjw;fhd cupikia
kw;Wk; fhzp cupikia cWjpr; nra;tjw;F nghUj;jkhdfhzp kw;Wk; tPLfis
toq;Ftjw;F nfhs;if uPjpapyhd jiyaPLfis nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
fhzp;
fhzp cupikia mbg;gil cupikahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;fp;d;w Njrpa fhzp nfhs;ifia
cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. Njrpa RahjPd fhzp Mizf;FOmikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.Njrpa
ghJfhg;G> mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfSf;F kw;Wk; nghJ kf;fs; NjitfSf;fhf fhzpfis
ifg;gw;Wk; NghJ ,yq;ifapy; jw;NghJ eilKiwapYs;s rl;l nuFyhrpfis
KOikahf filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.mjNdhL cyf czT kw;Wk; tptrha mikg;gpdhy;
Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s
Ml;rpAilik
njhlu;ghd
RahjPdkhd
topfhl;liy
mbg;gilahf
nfhz;L
fhzp
njhlu;ghd
rl;lq;fis
cUthf;Fk;
nghOJ
,t;topfhl;lypYs;s fhuzpfis ftdj;jpy; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ehl;bd; fhzp ghtiz njhlu;ghf midj;J jPu;khdq;fs; mt; fhzpapy; thOfpd;w
kw;Wk; jq;fSila tho;thjhuq;fSf;fhf cgNahfpf;fpd;w kf;fspd; cupikia
ghJfhf;Fk; Kfkhf fhzpapd; kPs; gad;ghl;il ghJfhf;Fk; Kfkhf mikf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
Aj;jj;jpdhy; fhzpfis ,oe;j kf;fSf;F mtu;fSila fhzpfis kPsTk; ngw;Wf;
nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fSf;fhf fhzpfis vLf;Fk; nghOJ mk;
kf;fspd; G+uzkhd mDkjpia kw;Wk; gq;Fgw;WjYld; Njrpa kw;wk; ru;tNjr fl;lisr;
rl;lq;fSf;Nfw;g eilngw Ntz;Lk;. ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw> fpuhkk; kw;Wk; fpuhkpa kw;Wk;
efu gpuNjrq;fspy; tho;fpd;w fhzp ,oe;j kf;fspd; fhzp kw;Wk; tPl;Lupikia cWjp
nra;Ak; fhzp kWrPuikg;gpiz nraw;gLj;jy;.

ngz;fs;
ngz;fSf;F r%f nghUshjhu fyhrhu murpay; kw;Wk; rptpy; cupikfis rkkhf
mDgtpg;gjw;fhd cupikfis cWjpr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
ngz;fs; njhlu;ghf ehl;bd; eilKiwapYs;s gpujhd nfhs;iffspy; Mz; ngz;
rkj;Jtk; njhlu;ghf tpNrl tpjkhf nraw;gLj;jy;.
mgptpUj;jpr;
nraw;ghLfspy;
gq;Fnfhs;fpd;w
midj;J
ngz;fSf;Fk;
rkkhd
re;ju;g;gq;fs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. fy;tp> gapw;rp nraw;ghLfspd; nghOJ Mz; ngz;
,U rhuhUf;Fk; rkkhd re;ju;g;gq;fs; toq;Ftij cWjpr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
jPu;khdq;fs; vLf;Fk; midj;J fl;likg;G;Fs;Sk; jukhd ngz; gq;fspg;G 50 tPjk; tiu
mjpfupg;gjw;F Njitahd gbKiwfis vLj;jy;.

r%f ghJfhgG njhlu;ghf eilKiwapYs;s midj;J NritfspYk; rkkhd cupik

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
jha;ikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Vw;gLfpd;w ghFghl;bw;Nfw;g
ngz;fSf;fhd tpNrlkhd Nritfis nraw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
cw;gj;jp nraw;ghL kw;Wk; tho;thjhu nraw;ghLfspYk; ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;ig Gupe;Jf;
nfhz;L
nrhj;Jupik>gq;Fgw;Wjy; kw;Wk; gpujpgyd;fs; njhlu;ghf rkkhd kw;Wk;
epahakhd gFjpfis ngz;fSf;F ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gij cWjpr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

njhopyhsu;fs;
rupahd njhopyhsu; rl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;JtJ kw;Wk; cyf njhopyhsu mikg;gpd;
njhopyhsu; rkthaj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;jp coif;Fk; kf;fspd; njhopyhsu; cupikfs;
kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ghf Ntiy nra;fpd;w #o; epiyia mikj;jy.; njhopyhyu; rkthaj;ij
mwpKfg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; mij eilKiwg;gLj;jy;Clhf; Neu;ikahd kw;Wk; Kiwahd
Nrkyhg epjpfs; KjyPL nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Rw;whly;.
kf;fspd; Rw;whly; cupikia cWjp nra;jy.; epfo;fhy kw;Wk; vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdupd;
ey; tho;Tf;fhf ePu>; fhw;W> kz; cs;slq;fpa midj;J ,aw;if tsq;fspdJk;
ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. epiyahd gad;ghl;il cWjpr; nra;tjw;fhd
eltbf;iffis vLj;jy;. ehl;bDs; cs;s epyj;ij khj;jpuky;y rKj;jpu tyaj;jpd;
midj;J tsq;fspdJk; cupik kw;Wk; ghJfhg;ig cWjpr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
midj;J mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fisAk; jpl;lkpLk;NghJk; mitfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;
NghJk; ed;gfj; jd;ik cWjpr; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
gpuiIfspd; gq;Fgw;Wjy;
kw;Wk; nghJ kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis midj;J re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tNjhL
mitfis nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nghwpKiwfis cWjpr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
tdhe;juq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida ,aw;if tsq;fis mz;kpj;J thOfpd;w kf;fspd; my;yJ
kf;fs; FOtpd; rk;gpujha ghtidapYs;s cupikia cWjp nra;tNjhL mjw;F
Kiwahd>
Rje;jpukhd
kw;Wk;
epiyahd
nfhs;if
kw;Wk;
nraw;ghLfis
cUthf;FtNjhL midj;J mur epWtdq;fNshLk; rpwe;j njhlu;ghly;fis Ngz
Ntz;Lk;.
ntF[d Clfk;
,yq;if
gj;jpupif
Mrpupau;
rq;fj;jpdhy;
jahupf;fg;gl;l
njhopy;rhu;
xOf;f
tpjpKiwfSf;F mikthf mr;R Clfk; kw;Wk; Clftpayhsu;fs; cld;gl;L nraw;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
Clftpayhsu;fspd;
ghJfhg;ig
cWjpr;
nra;fpd;w
murpay;
kw;Wk;
r%f
#o;epiyfSf;F Vw;g kWrPuikg;ig Vw;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Clftpayhsu;fs;> Clf
epWtdq;fis
ghJfhg;gjw;F
muR
fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ
vd;gij
ahg;gpd;
Clhf
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
ntg;jsk; cl;gl ,izaj;jsj;jpy; nraw;gLtJ njhlu;ghf Kiwahd nraw;ghLfis
jpl;lkpl;L
mtu;fspd;
cupikfisg;
ghJfhj;jy;>
ntg;jsk;
cl;gl
6

,izaj;jsq;fSf;fhd kw;Wk; mt; Clftpayhsu;fs; jilapd;wp jkJ nraw;ghLfis

Kd;ndLg;gjw;F kw;Wk; rfy Clftpyahsu;fSk; jkJ nraw;ghLfis vt;tpj
jilAkpd;wp nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd #o;epiyia cUthf;Fjy;.

fy;tp
murhq;fj;jpdhy; fy;tpf;fhf tUlhe;jk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s njhif Rkhuhf
Njrpa cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; 6 tPjk; tiu mjpfupj;jy;.
tUlhe;jkhf gy;fiof;fofq;fspd; njhif xU khztDf;F 450.000 &gh
tiuapy; mjpfupj;jy;.
mur ghlrhiyfspy; ghtpf;fg;gLfpd;w tpla Gj;jfq;fs; kw;Wk; Nju;r;rp
Nfs;tpawpf;if jahupj;jYf;fhf rpwe;j Mw;wYs;s egu;fis gad;gLj;jy;
kw;Wk; rpwe;j juj;jpy; cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
mur ghlrhiyfis %Ljiy jLj;jy; mjw;F tpil fhzy; kw;Wk; mur
ghlrhiyfspd; fy;tpapy; juj;ij ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; mjpfupj;jy;

,e;j Kd;nkhopTfis Kd; itf;fpd;w kf;fs; mikg;Gf;fs;

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fhzp kw;Wk; tptrha kWrPuikg;G ,af;fk;> uh[fpupa

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;> ePun
; fhOk;G
uapl;L yapg; kdpj cupikfs; ikak;> ePun
; fhOk;G
rtp];j;jpup Njrpa ,af;fk;> nfhOk;G
rka> r%f eLepiyak;> nfhOk;G
fhzhky; Nghdtu;fspd; FLk;g xd;wpak;> ePun
; fhOk;G
khw;Wf; nfhs;if ikak;> nfhOk;G
tu;f;f NtWghL kw;Wk; ghFghL fhl;LjYf;F vjpuhd ru;tNjr mikg;G
fhzhky; Nghdtu;fis NjbaioAk; FO
kdpj cupikfs; mgptpUj;jp ikak;
If;fpa njhopyhsu; rk;Nksdk;> nfhOk;G
tu;j;jf kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g Jiw Nrit rq;fk;> nfhOk;G
nrq;nfhb njhopw;r; rq;fk;> njdpaha
murpay; ifjpfis tpLjiyr; nra;tjw;fhd mikg;G
Njrpa Rje;jpu njhopw;r; rq;fk;
lhgpJ rhKfpa> fl;Lehaf;fh
];j;uP kj;jpa epiyak;
fpwp];jt ghJfhg;G Kd;dzp
epiyahd tptrha Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; gapw;rp epiyak;> uh[fpupa
tpfy;gdP ngz;fs; Njrpa mikg;G> khyNg
Rje;jpu Clf mikg;G
,d;nghk; kdpj cupik jfty; epiyak;
r%f fy;tp ikak;> khyNg
fhz;jh rf;jp> nfhOk;G
7

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[dtNghja mikg;G> ePu;nfhOk;G

Tpijfis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Njrpa ,af;fk;
If;fpa kPdtu;fs; kw;Wk; kPdtu; njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu];
kf;fs; Rfhjhu mikg;F
Njtruz mgptpUj;jp ikak;> ,g;ghfKt
= tpKf;jp kPdt ngz;fs; mikg;G> ePun
; fhOk;G
Rtp];j;up khj;jiw mikg;G
njw;F kPdt mikg;G> fhyp
njw;F kPdt mikg;G> khj;jiw
,isQu; tsq;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikg;G> khj;jis
kf;fis gyg;gLj;Jk; ,af;fk;> nfhOk;G
,izaj;js Clf mikg;G> nfhOk;G
[PtpjNa gjdk> ePu;nfhOk;G
Af;jpa nrkl;l mikg;G
fSj;Jiw khl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G
Gj;jsk; khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G
ghdk gj;J ghJfhg;G xd;wpak;
fsg;G kPdt mikg;G
kf;fs; Rfhjhu ghjfhg;G mikg;G> nfhOk;G
kf;fs; xj;Jiog;G mikg;G
kd;dhu; khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;
ePu;nfhOk;G fsg;G kPdt kf;fs; mikg;G
fw;gpl;b jPT kf;fspd; cupikfis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd mikg;G
Mo;flypy; fhzhky; Nghdtu;fspd; FLk;g xd;wpak;
jpUNfhzkiy khtl;l kPdt kf;fs; mikg;G
mk;ghiu khtl;l kPd xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l kPdt tptrha ,af;fk;
,RU [PtNdhja kd;wk;> mq;Fud;nfj
kj;jpa khfhz Rfhjhu mgptpUj;jp xd;wpak;>
,yq;if tptrha mikg;G> mEuhjGuk;
r%f mbg;gil tsq;fs; Kfhikj;Jt kd;wk;> kjthr;rp
epfyr r%f mikg;G> uh[hq;fid
judPa tptrha fyhr;rhuj;jpw;fhd tl kj;jpa khfhz kf;fs; xd;wpak;
= yq;fh fpuhkpa mgptpUj;jp kd;wk;> nkjpupfpupa
khdt gpuNghj gjdk> fhlf];jpfpypa
f;uh]; &l; gapw;rp mikg;G> mUzhaf;f
[dtp[a Rw;whly; tptrha mikg;G> ,uj;jpdGup
xUq;fpize;j ngz;fs; kfh rq;fk;> ntypfnghy
Njrpa tpijfs; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd ,af;fk;> vg;ghnty
ghjul;l r%f mgptpUj;jp mikg;G> njdpaha
jp];] [a rpWtu; eyd;Gup mikg;G> khj;jiw
rpupypa ngz;fs; tptrha mikg;G> kpdpNg
];trf;jp mgptpUj;jp kd;wk;> ikaq;fid
kiyaf ngz;fs; mikg;G> fz;b
tprhfh Fyfd mgptpUj;jpr; rq;fk;> fz;b
Fpuhkpa ];trf;jp mj;nty mikg;G> khghflntt
Ctnty;y];] ngz;fs; mikg;G> nty;ytha
capu; gy;tif Muha;r;rp> jfty; kw;Wk; gapw;rp epiyak;> gJis
Ct fpuhkpa mgptpUj;jp ikak;> nkhduhfiy
Njhl;lg;Gw mgptpUj;jp kd;wk;> gJis
Njhl;l r%f mgptpUj;jp mikg;G> k];nfypah
8

76. Kdpj cupik kw;Wk; r%f mgptpUj;jp ikak;> upjpfk

77. NrUgpl;ba Raq;ghypj ghy; cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; mikg;G> NrUgpl;ba
78. rpW tptrhapfspd; ,aw;if gris cw;gj;jp jpul;L kw;Wk; tpw;gird; rq;fk;
79. njd; khfhz ,aw;if tptrha tiyaikg;G> khj;jiw
80. Cth er;Rj; jd;ikaw;w tptrha xd;wpak;> gJis
81. Tptrha jfty; ikak;> ,g;ghfKt
82. Jd;Nfhuy xsljk; kw;Wk; myq;fhu jhtuq;fs; tsu;g;gr; rq;fk;> Utd;nty;y
83. Nfkp fhz;jh nguKd> fhyp
84. ,aw;if fw;if fy;tp epiyak;> uh[fpupa
85. ];j;uP rk;gj; kj;jpa epiyak;> ,g;ghfKt
86. kPfj Rw;whly; ,af;fk;> khntt
87. Kw;Nghf;F tptrha mikg;G> fLy;y
88. Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G nghWg;G> N`hkhfik
89. rkhdhj;kjh rhkapfa> nfhOk;G
90. gRik gpui[fs; mikg;G> ,uj;kyhid
91. ,yq;if Rw;whly; rk;Nksdk;> nfhOk;G
92. rj;a nrhgh rq;uf;rd gjdk> nghuny];fKt
93. kPjy kpJNuh Rw;whly; mgptpUj;jp mikg;G> xynghLt
94. Njrpa tpijfs; tsu;g;G khtl;l mikg;G> Xgehaf;fh
95. ];trf;jp rq;tu;jd gu;rja> Ct guzfk
96. `upj kpJNuh Rw;whly; mikg;G> nfhltpl
97. Ct rf;jp gjdk> gJis
98. = yq;fh nrhgh rq;rja> ENfnfhl
99. cLEtu ghy; cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; $l;Lwtr; rq;fk;> cLEtu
100. njn`d rhghfpj;j gjdk> gpypkjyht
101. kiyaf Rw;whly; mgptpUj;jp xd;wpak;> fk;nghy
102. Rw;whly; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu Muha;r;rp epiyak;> ehygpba
103. kf;fs; xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;> fhyp
104. jpJy mgptpUj;jp kd;wk;> khj;jiw
105. Njrpa tpijfs; ghjfhg;ghsu;fspd; fPoe
; piy tptrha cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; tpw;gid mikg;G
106. gpu[h mgptpUj;jp rq;rja> khj;jiw
107. khdt rf;jp gjdk> fhyp
108. FKJ tptrha mikg;G> khj;jiw
109. g;uP khr; mikg;G> nfhOk;G