TONG QUAN VE SDHISONET ‘98 hibu ging khdlnigm vb SDH/SONET, trade hét ta dn hibu ating thé nao a dbng b6, khong dbng bo va ean ding bd, Trong tap cac tn iGu dng bd, vide chuyén tip sb leu tong tn hu xay ra & ein de ling et tb 05. Tuy nie vin ob 9 lech pe de nh lan ehuyén geo cia al tn bu, v8 oy lech jha nay nim rng dt han cho ph, Sy ech ha ay o@ th do sy hap ht gan hay iter wong ‘mang truyén dn. Trong mang dng bd, tt ca ede dng hd dbu tham chidu én moe déng hb chun cos PRC 1. Nhurgc eidm oda tray dn cn dng bo POH 41 kha nigm truydn dln cn dng bb (PDH) Vi cdc lubng 2Mbils dug tao ra tr cc thiét bi ghép kénh khc hau, nn tc 46 bit co kh nhay mot chit. Do 46, u6e khi ghép cc udng nay tharh mot lubng tée dO cao hon pha hiéu chin cho tc 40 bit ‘a ching bing nau, tir a phal chen them cac bit gi. Mae di tbe d9 oc tudng Au vao a nhu hau, "nhung phia thu khéng thé nhan biét duge vi ela cc hudng du vio trong ludng dau ra. Kieu ghép kénh hu vay ao la c2n dBng b6 (PresioSynchronous). 412. Nhuge Giém cia POH + Vige téchixen cc lung 2Mbits phic tap lam gidm 6} tn ody cong nf chat lugng oda he théng, * Khhd ing gidm sat va quan Ij mang kém. Do tong ede Khung tn hu PDH khéng acdc byte nghiép wy abeangedp thing tn eho bu Wh, ava 9m tbo bra thong + Téc 40 bit cla PDH khong cao (t6 66 bit cao nt duoc chun hod la 140Mbtis ren mang vién thong 9 gold con ving A, cdn con 6 hang 1~>3 ve 6t 11-->14 gol a con tb ving 8. Khung STN-1 cb s, co tan sb [a 8000 H2, nhu vay dure tuyén 8000 1s. Doyo dai 125 66, tbe dd bit ca tin higu STIA-1 a = 6000 x9 x270 x8 = 185520 Kbiis 1,2) dan cong thém cc byte mang thang tn albu khién Hinh 3. Cu trie Khung STM-1 ‘Cac mre cao hon STMLN ata phan cép dng be duc hinh thanh Bi céch chén byte vo phan ti ca Ntinhigu STM, thm ce mao dbu gdp N lin mao du cia STM-1 va lip dy vido ou quan v8 gid tt on i phi hop Hinh 4. bu ric Khung ST¥-4 4. Caco chb bio ve Chai co ché bs vé trong mang SOM: bo we tuydn tinh va bow mach wong 44, Bé0 v8 tuyén tinh ‘ya inh thu dy phng dom gin nk, con goila bo ve +1. dy, ml dung lm vige dos bo ve bi met dng bio ve. Vigechuyn sang dung bdo v8 xy ra Ki xa nh dg rhu la mt tin hig LOS. Géu inc 11 dr phdng 100% Kh mB dung am vge 6 mot dung bo v8. Nhung do van ds kit, nén nguei ta thréng st dyng co fu. 1:N,nhat a ahang duone truyén co Khong cdch xa. Theo cach nay, vai dung lam vigc doc bo ve bang mot dubng dy phong. Cac du’ng dy phong oo thé su ding cho er li gg cd vu tin tp va ch bi mgt dK vem png thay thé cho cc dng lam vec bl. Co cu bdo ve 191 va HN duoc teu chub ha trong khayén nh , 789 ci ITU-T thongnv