Urdu-English Glossary This glossary lists all the words and compounds which occur in the U passages other than the simple vocabulary which should be known to users of the book, proper nouns and adjectives, and those words whose unique occurrence is thought to have been adequately glossed in the notes to the relevant passage. Although artificially skewed by these criteria, the etymological distribution of the 778 head-words included here reflects quite accurately the preponderant influence of PA vocabulary, especially of A itself, upon U prose of all types. This may be seen from the following word-counts and percentages under each of the assigned etymological source-languages: A 417 (54%) HU 105 (13%) P 186 (24%) s 13 ( 2%) PA 51 ( 6%) E 6( 1%) These figures are, of course, to be regarded with the same caution as that indicated for the numerous ‘S’ items in the preceding Hindi-English glossary, i.e. many items marked as ‘A’ may be Persianisms transferred to U, while others marked as ‘A’ and ‘P’ are intrinsic U coinages from these historic loan-languages. The glossary is arranged in U alphabetical order, with the necessary addition of the transcription of all head-words, and the provision of the s. forms of all A p. nouns. Abbreviations follow the usual conventions with the following additions in the citation of phrase-verbs: d. dena Ah. hona k. karna rn rakhna ~ | Pp wo Gzadi f. freedom, emancipation P we — Gstinf. sleeve terL£T age barhna vi. to advance £,£7 — age piche adv. one after another A 2 ald m. tool, instrument PA wt — Gla-e kar m. effective instrument P wit — @madé adj. ready, prepared P wt ~~ Gmad f. coming, arrival P Gmad o raft f. coming and going, intercourse P Gmezis f. mixture tl) apnaina vt. to make one’s own, to adopt A » — asar m. effect, influence; asar parna vi. effect to be produced A <1 asarat (s. asar) mp. effects, influences uy ujala m. light, dawn 199>>>r> >> > >>rr>rr> rrr VIIUS SS Sr rrr Er >>> US DVD ~ did r>r>r> woke! sal lage! Ce! byl age! tft = ol sa) ou os! ou du Nac! ox uh fh wh fea Buel Sou ” ow y at ce ijtihadi adj. innovative, creative ijra m. carrying out, performance acambha m. wonder, miracle ihtiyat f. care, careful provision ihsasat (s. ihsas) mp. feelings ixtiyar m. power, influence; ixtiyar r. vt. to have the power ada k, vt. to express adab m. literature; respect, courtesy adabi adj. literary irtigad m. evolution, development irtigai adj. evolutionary irsad m. guidance, direction; irsad farmand vt. to direct az prepn. from; than; az sar-e nau adv. afresh istad adj. erected ustad m. teacher, ustad isti‘dad f. ability, command ustuvar adj. strong, firm asma (s. ism) mp. nouns isd‘at f. publishing asl f. basis; adj. basic, actual, original asli adj. original, real asliyat f. basic identity usul m. principle izafat f. izafat, genitive izafa m. addition, increase izhar m. expression i‘lan k, vt. to announce a‘la adj. high, senior a‘mal (s. ‘amal) mp. actions, deeds afsand m. story afsurdé adj. cooled, extinguished afsos m. regret; intj. alas! af al (s. fi‘l) mp. verbs igdam m. move aksariyat f. majority akhara m. wrestling-ground ugat f. inventive power illa cj. otherwise, moreover ilzam m. charge, accusation alfaz (s. lafz) mp. words alam-naki f. tragedy ulla m. owl imtihan m. examination amr m. thing, matter intixabi adj. electoral intizam m. arrangement, organization 200PVUIS> SS PA- oe au he a Lx Suen wa intizamat (s. intizam) mp. arrangements imi adj. organizational a f. limit anjuman f. society andaz m. manner infiradi adj. individual ungli f. finger avaxir (s. axir) mp. last days augat (s. vaqt) mp. times ahi-e pref. people of ahl-e zaban mp. native speakers ahl-kar m. official, clerk ahl-e magrib mp. Westerners, Europeans aham adj. importance ahammiyat f. importance ‘ijad k. vt. to create, to make up ek sath adv. together ek-giina adj. a certain, some badsahat f. reign bard m. respect, regard baz-gast f. return -basi adj. suf. -smelling ke ba‘is ppn. because of bag m. garden bit-taxsis adv. especially, particularly biz-zat adv. essentially ba-murad adj. successful, as one would wish bavan-gaz m. giant ba-pa h. vi. to be afoot, to arise batasa m. hard sugar-puff bithana vt. to establish ki(ke) ba-jae ppn. instead of bahr f. sea; metre ba-xitbi adv. well, perfectly bad-tar adj. worse bad-tamiz adj. rude ba-dastur adv. as usual, as before ki ba-daulat ppn. thanks to ba-rah-e rast adv. directly bar-pa k. vt. to set afoot, to cause bartan m. pot, vessel baratna vt. to use ke bar-xilaf ppn. against baras m. year; baras-ha baras adv. for years and years barr-e sagir m. subcontinent 201~~ ~ 7 DUS VU UY nny wy > wom ws on ad, s ite ls = ze Se & oS & barf f. ice bar-vazn-e prepn. on the pattern of barhna vi. to advance; to increase buzurg adj. old, senior; m. elder, senior ba‘z adj. some; ba‘z augat adv. sometimes ba‘ze adj. some ba-taur prepn. by way of, as balki cj. but also, indeed buland adj. high, lofty, raised buland-ahang adj. high-sounding buland-bang adj. loftily announced bind f. foundation, basis bandé m. slave, creature; pr. I bunydd f. foundation, basis bojh m. burden boli f. speech, spoken language, language bahar f. spring bhaia f. language, Hindi bhakha f. local language, vernacular bhagna vi. to run bahana vt. to make flow, to shed bihtarin adj. best, finest bhadda-pan m. clumsiness bharosa m. reliance, trust ba-ham pahuncana vt. to acquire, to get bhit m. evil spirit bhonkna vt. to thrust in, to stab bayan k. vt. to explain, to express oneself be-bak adj. shameless, brazen be-tamizi adj. indiscriminate be-cin o cird adv. without question berini adj. from outside, external, foreign be-kar adj. unemployed beganagi f. estrangement bail m. ox, bullock bainal-aqvami adj. international paji m. uneducated person, low type -par adv. suf. beyond, trans- pa-mal adj. trampled paindé adj. enduring pattha m. young of bird or animal f. bandage parja f. people, subjects Pas cj. so, therefore past adj. low; humble, subdued pas-mandé adj. remaining 202>> >>>r>rr rrr rur>ruD > >>> pakarna vt. to seize, to grasp paggar m. large turban pilana vt. to give to drink, to serve water paltan f. regiment pau f. drinking-stand posak f. dress Phaina phiina vi. to flourish pahlvan m. wrestler pahunca m. wrist Phansana vt. to cause to be caught, to involve Pher m. alteration, variation phailnda vi. to spread, to extend payya m. wheel pec m. wrestling-throw paida adj. born; paidd k. vt. to create, to produce; paida h. vi. to be born, to be produced Pirhi f. generation; pirhi ba-pirhi adv. from generation to generation se pes ppn. in advance of; pes and vi. to occur, to present itself pe3-e nazar adv. before one’s eyes paigam-bar m. message-bearer paivast adj. joined, connected tarix f. history tassuf m. regret tan m. pull, draw tatabbu‘ m. following, imitation tajviz f. decision tahrir f. writing, composition tahrik f. movement tahqig f, research; tahqig k. vt. to investigate, to research into tahqiqi adj. research- taxt m. throne taxligat (s. taxlig) fp. creations, creative works tadbir f. plan, contrivance tarazii f. balance, scales tarjuman m. interpreter, interpretation tarjumani f. representation, interpreting tarjumé m. translation taraqqi f. development, progress; promotion; taraqqi k, vt. to develop, to progress taraqqi-pazir adj. developing tark k. vt. to abandon, to give up tarkib f. construction, compound tarkibi adj. ‘synthetic’ 203>> rrr FUSS Pr rrr rrr >rrr>rrr> wo > >> >>> tashih f. correction tasnif f. composition; tasnif k. vt. to compose, to compile tasavvur m. imagination, conception ta‘rif f. praise; ta‘rif k. vt. to praise ta‘assub m. prejudice, bigotry ta‘assubat (s. ta‘assub) mp. prejudices ta‘zim f. respect ta‘alluq m. connexion ta‘lim f. education ta‘mir f. building, construction ta‘ayyun k. vt. to determine, to fix tagaful m. neglect, inattention tafavut m. difference tafsir f. Quranic commentary tafsili adj. ‘analytic’ taqarir (s. tagrir) f. speeches taqaza (-G) m. demand taqrir f. speech; tagrir k. vt. to make a speech taklif f. trouble, distress talasi f. search talaffuz m. pronunciation talak ppn. until tamam adj. all tamaddun m. civilization tamiz f. proper behaviour, good manners tamiz-dari f. discretion tang adj. narrow, restricted tobra m. bag, sack than m. bolt of cloth tahzib f. culture tahzibi adj. cultural takkar khand vt. to vie with thikana m. place thoth adj. dense, stupid theina vt. to push along sani adj. second saqafat f. culture sagafati adj. cultural Jari adj. continuing 204