PHN I

V SINH HC TH DC TH THAO
BI 1
MT S NGUYN TC C BN
TRONG TP LUYN TH DC TH THAO
MC TIU
- Nm vng cc nguyn tc v sinh trong tp luyn th dc th thao
(TDTT).
- Vn dng trong qu trnh tp luyn v thi u TDTT phng trnh
nhng nh hng xu, nhng chn thng do tp luyn gy nn.
NI DUNG
Th dc th thao l mt b phn ca nn vn ha x hi, mt loi hnh hot
ng m phng tin c bn l cc bi tp th lc (th hin c th qua cch thc
rn luyn thn th) nhm tng cng th cht cho con ngi, nng cao thnh
tch th thao, gp phn lm phong ph sinh hot vn ha v gio dc con ngi
pht trin cn i, hp l.
Gio dc th cht (GDTC) l mt b phn ca TDTT, l mt trong nhng
hot ng c bn c nh hng r ca TDTT trong x hi; l mt loi hnh gio
dc m ni dung chuyn bit l dy hc vn ng (ng tc) v pht trin c
ch nh cc t cht th lc ca con ngi. Nh vy, c th coi s pht trin th
cht ca con ngi l mt phn h qu ca GDTC.
t c mc tiu gio dc th cht (GDTC), cc nh s phm GDTC
v nhng ngi tham gia tp luyn TDTT cn phi tun theo nhng nguyn tc
v gio dc hc ni chung v GDTC ni ring.
1. Nguyn tc h thng:
Tp luyn thng xuyn, c h thng s c tc dng cng c chc chn cc
ng tc c, d dng hn trong tip thu, hon thin v pht trin cc bi tp mi.
Khi ngng tp luyn, cc mi lin h phn x c iu kin va c thnh lp b
dp tt, mc thch nghi, pht trin ca cc c quan v c bp b gim xung.
Trong iu kin ny, khi tham gia tp luyn tr li, ngi tp s cm thy kh
khn hn, d xy ra chn thng, hoc mt mi qu do phi gng sc.
Tp luyn khng thng xuyn s khng th hnh thnh v cng c chc
chn cc ng tc cng nh pht trin cc t cht th lc.
Nguyn tc tp luyn thng xuyn, c h thng l nguyn tc quan trng
trong GDTC, nht l i vi tui hc sinh. y cng l nguyn tc v sinh c
bn trong luyn tp TDTT.
2. Nguyn tc tp luyn tng dn:

Nguyn tc ny chnh l tng dn liu lng ca cc phng php tp

luyn, cng l iu kin bt buc tp luyn c hiu qu.
Qu trnh tp luyn phi i t d n kh, t nh n nng, t n gin n
phc tp.
Trong qu trnh tp luyn, cc t cht th lc c pht trin dn dn t
bui tp ny sang bui tp khc thng qua cc bi tp c thc hin t d n
kh, t nh n nng, t n gin n phc tp. Vic nng dn lng vn ng
l vic c bit quan trng trong hun luyn TDTT cho la tui thiu nhi, v
chc nng ca cc c quan tr pht trin cha hon thin v khng ng b.
Chc nng h tim mch v h h hp pht trin chm hn h vn ng, h thn
kinh pht trin cha hon thin, v vy cn c thi gian cc h thng c quan
trong c th thch ng dn nn phi tp luyn tun t tng bc.
Tun th nguyn tc tp luyn ny nhm mc ch c th dn thch ng
c vi khi lng, cng vn ng v cc k thut ng tc, do s hn
ch c nhng nh hng xu, cc chn thng do tp luyn gy nn.
Vi phm nguyn tc tp luyn tng dn l vi phm nguyn tc s phm
GDTC, v cng l vi phm mt trong cc nguyn tc v sinh c bn trong tp
luyn TDTT.
3. Nguyn tc tp luyn theo c im c nhn (nguyn tc i i c bit):
i i c bit khng ch l nguyn tc s phm m cn l mt trong cc
nguyn tc v sinh tp luyn quan trng. Vic lp chng trnh tp luyn, k
hoch v ni dung tp luyn phi cn c vo c im c nhn c th ca ngi
tp. l nhng c im la tui, gii tnh, tnh trng sc khe v mc
pht trin th cht.
* Cn c vo tnh trng sc khe ngi tp:
Nu phng php tp luyn, lng vn ng khng ph hp vi trng thi
sc khe ngi tp th ngi tp s lun tnh trng gng sc, mt mi, v vy
phi thng xuyn kim tra y hc cho ngi tp trong qu trnh tp luyn v thi
u.
Kim tra y hc trc tin bao gm vic kim tra bc u cho tt c nhng
ngi ln u tham gia tp luyn TDTT. Trn c s cc kt qu kim tra ton
din v trng thi sc khe, c im pht trin th cht (c im th hnh v
c im trng thi chc nng cc c quan), cc nh chuyn mn s quyt nh
cho php tp luyn v ra nhng nh hng ban u v ni dung v lng
vn ng tp luyn.
Kim tra y hc thng xuyn l iu kin cn thit, bt buc i vi vic
tp luyn th thao. Vic kim tra ny s cung cp cho ngi tp v hun luyn
vin, gio vin TDTT nhng thng tin cn thit v quan trng v trng thi sc
khe. Qua c th nh gi khch quan v chnh xc hiu qu tp luyn.

- Cn coi trng phng php kim tra y hc s phm trong qu trnh hun
luyn kp thi iu chnh gio n cho ph hp.
- Trong hun luyn th thao, kim tra y hc bao gm c t kim tra ca vn
ng vin (VV). S theo di thng xuyn ca VV v tnh trng sc khe
ca bn thn s b sung nhng thng tin cn thit cho cc nh chuyn mn c c
s phn tch cc phng php hun luyn, nh gi nhng bin i v tnh
trng sc khe, trng thi chc nng ca VV.
Phn tch, tng hp kt qu ca cc hnh thc kim tra y hc cho php
chng ta c th iu khin c hiu qu qu trnh tp luyn, v ch c nh vy
mi m bo c ngha tng cng sc khe ca TDTT.
* Cn c vo c im gii tnh:
Do c im cu to gii phu v chc nng sinh l nam v n khc nhau
nn ni dung tp luyn p dng cho nam v n cng phi ph hp vi c im
gii tnh.
* Cn c vo la tui:
mi mt la tui, s pht trin c th c nhng c im ring nn ni
dung tp luyn p dng cho tng la tui phi ph hp vi c im pht trin
c th ca la tui .
Ht