Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sach 3G
Sach 3G
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Chng 1#.................................................................................................4#
TNG QUAN MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS#................................................4#
1.1. GII THIU CHUNG#.....................................................................4#
1.2. L TRNH PHT TRIN THNG TIN DI NG LN 4G#.............4#
1.3. KIN TRC CHUNG CA MT H THNG THNG TIN DI
NG 3G#..............................................................................................6#
1.4. CHUYN MCH KNH (CS), CHUYN MCH GI (PS), DCH
V CHUYN MCH KNH V DCH V CHUYN MCH GI.#........7#
1.5. CC LOI LU LNG V DCH V C 3GWCDMA UMTS
H TR #.............................................................................................10#
1.6. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R3 #............................................11#
1.7. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R4#............................................19#
1.8. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R5 v R6#..................................21#
1.9. CHIN LC DCH CHUYN T GSM SANG UMTS#..............23#
1.10. CU HNH A L CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G#..
26#
1.11. TNG KT#.................................................................................30#
Chng 2#...............................................................................................31#
CNG NGH A TRUY NHP CA WCDMA#.......................................31#
2.1. GII THIU CHUNG#...................................................................31#
2.2. TRI PH V A TRUY NHP PHN CHIA THEO M#.............31#
2.3. IU KHIN CNG SUT#..........................................................35#
2.4. CHUYN GIAO TRONG H THNG CDMA#..............................36#
2.5. MY THU PHN TP A NG HAY MY THU RAKE#.........37#
2.6. CC M TRI PH S DNG TRONG WCDMA#......................39#
2.7. TRI PH V IU CH NG LN#.....................................40#
2.8. TRI PH V IU CH NG XUNG#...............................43#
2.9. TNG KT#...................................................................................46#
Chng 3#...............................................................................................47#
GIAO DIN V TUYN CA WCDMA UMTS#.......................................47#
3.1. GII THIU CHUNG#...................................................................47#
3.2. M U#......................................................................................48#
3.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC CA GIAO DIN V
TUYN WCDMA/FDD#.........................................................................49#
3.4. CC THNG S LP VT L V QUY HOCH TN S#.........50#
3.5. CC KNH CA WCDMA#...........................................................55#
3.6. CU TRC KNH VT L RING#..............................................63#
3.7. S TNG QUT MY PHT V MY THU WCDMA#..........64#
3.8. PHN TP PHT#........................................................................65#
3.9. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG WCDMA#.............................68#
3.10. CC KIU CHUYN GIAO V CC S KIN BO CO
TRONG WCDMA#................................................................................70#
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Chng 1
TNG QUAN MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS
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1.1.1. Mc ch chng
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1.1.2. Cc ch c trnh by trong chng
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1.1.3. Hng dn
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L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G c cho trn hnh
1.1 v l trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP c cho trn hnh 1.2..
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AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System
TACS: Total Access Communication System
GSM: Global System for Mobile Telecommucations
WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
EVDO: Evolution Data Only
IMT: International Mobile Telecommnications
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electtronics Engineers
WiFi: Wireless Fidelitity
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
LTE: Long Term Evolution
UMB: Untra Mobile Broadband
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Hnh 1.2. Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP
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Hnh 1.3. cho thy l trnh tng tc truyn s liu trong cc pht hnh ca 3GPP
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Hnh 1.3. L trnh tng tc truyn s liu trong cc pht hnh ca 3GPP
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RAN: Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn
BTS: Base Transceiver Station: trm thu pht gc
BSC: Base Station Controller: b iu khin trm gc
RNC: Rado Network Controller: b iu khin trm gc
CS: Circuit Switch: chuyn mch knh
PS: Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi
SMS: Short Message Servive: dch v nhn tin
Server: my ch
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network: mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng
PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network: mang di ng cng cng mt t
!6
Cc min chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS) c th hin bng
mt nhm cc n v chc nng lgic: trong thc hin thc t cc min chc nng
ny c t vo cc thit b v cc nt vt l. Chng hn c th thc hin chc nng
chuyn mch knh CS (MSC/GMSC) v chc nng chuyn mch gi (SGSN/GGSN)
trong mt nt duy nht c mt h thng tch hp cho php chuyn mch v
truyn dn cc kiu phng tin khc nhau: t lu lng ting n lu lng s liu
dung lng ln.
3G UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System: H thng thng tin
di ng ton cu) c th s dng hai kiu RAN. Kiu th nht s dng cng ngh a
truy nhp WCDMA (Wide Band Code Devision Multiple Acces: a truy nhp phn
chia theo m bng rng) c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Network:
mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t ca UMTS). Kiu th hai s dng cng ngh a
truy nhp TDMA c gi l GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network: mng
truy nhp v tuyn da trn cng ngh EDGE ca GSM). Ti liu ch xt cp n
cng ngh duy nht trong UMTS c gi l 3G WCDMA UMTS
Hnh 1.6. ng bao v tho bao cho gi IP trong qu trnh truyn tunnel
Hnh 1.7 cho thy qu trnh nh tuyn tunnel (chuyn mch tunnel) trong h
thng 3G UMTS t tng i gi cng (GGSN) cho mt my di ng (UE) khi n
chuyn t vng phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht (SGSN1) ny sang mt vng
phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht khc (SGSN2) thng qua giao thc GTP.
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Hnh 1.7. Thit lp kt ni tunnel trong chuyn mch tunnel
V 3G WCDMA UMTS c pht trin t nhng nm 1999 khi m ATM l
cng ngh chuyn mch gi cn ng tr nn cc tiu chun cng c xy dng trn
!9
cng ngh ny. Tuy nhin hin nay v tng lai mng vin thng s c xy dng
trn c s internet v th cc chuyn mch gi s l chuyn mch hoc router IP.
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Kiu
Dch v di Dch v di ng
ng
!10
Kiu
Phn loi
Dch v m thanh
D c h v Dch v s liu
vin thng
Dch v
phng tin
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3G WCDMA UMTS c xy dng theo ba pht hnh chnh c gi l R3,
R4, R5. Trong mng li R3 v R4 bao gm hai min: min CS (Circuit Switch:
chuyn mch knh) v min PS (Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi). Vic kt hp ny
ph hp cho giai on u khi PS cha p ng tt cc dch v thi gian thc nh
thoi v hnh nh. Khi ny min CS s m nhim cc dch v thoi cn s liu c
truyn trn min PS. R4 pht trin hn R3 ch min CS chuyn sang chuyn mch
mm v th ton b mng truyn ti gia cc nt chuyn mch u trn IP. Di y
ta xt ba kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS ni trn.
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1.6. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R3
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Hnh 1.8. Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS R3
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1.6.1. Thit b ngi s dng (UE)
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1.6.1.1. Cc u cui (TE)
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1.6.1.2. UICC
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1.6.1.3. USIM
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Trong h thng GSM, SIM card lu gi thng tin c nhn (ng k thu bao)
ci cng trn card. iu ny thay i trong UMTS, Modul nhn dng thu bao
UMTS c ci nh mt ng dng trn UICC. iu ny cho php lu nhiu ng dng
hn v nhiu ch k (kha) in t hn cng vi USIM cho cc mc ch khc (cc
m truy nhp giao dch ngn hng an ninh). Ngoi ra c th c nhiu USIM trn cng
mt UICC h tr truy nhp n nhiu mng.
USIM cha cc hm v s liu cn nhn dng v nhn thc thu bao trong
mng UMTS. N c th lu c bn sao h s ca thu bao.
Ngi s dng phi t mnh nhn thc i vi USIM bng cch nhp m PIN.
iu ny m bo rng ch ngi s dng ch thc mi c truy nhp mng UMTS.
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Mng s ch cung cp cc dch v cho ngi no s dng u cui da trn nhn dng
USIM c ng k.
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1.6.2. Mng truy nhp v tuyn UMTS
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UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network: Mng truy nhp v tuyn
mt t UMTS) l lin kt gia ngi s dng v CN. N gm cc phn t m bo
cc cuc truyn thng UMTS trn v tuyn v iu khin chng.
UTRAN c nh ngha gia hai giao din. Giao din Iu gia UTRAN v CN,
gm hai phn: IuPS cho min chuyn mch gi v IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh;
giao din Uu gia UTRAN v thit b ngi s dng. Gia hai giao din ny l hai
nt, RNC v nt B.
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1.6.2.1. RNC
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RNC (Radio Network Controller) chu trch nhim cho mt hay nhiu trm gc
v iu khin cc ti nguyn ca chng. y cng chnh l im truy nhp dch v m
UTRAN cung cp cho CN. N c ni n CN bng hai kt ni, mt cho min
chuyn mch gi (n GPRS) v mt n min chuyn mch knh (MSC).
Mt nhim v quan trng na ca RNC l bo v s b mt v ton vn. Sau
th tc nhn thc v tha thun kha, cc kho bo mt v ton vn c t vo
RNC. Sau cc kha ny c s dng bi cc hm an ninh f8 v f9.
RNC c nhiu chc nng logic ty thuc vo vic n phc v nt no. Ngi
s dng c kt ni vo mt RNC phc v (SRNC: Serving RNC). Khi ngi s
dng chuyn vng n mt RNC khc nhng vn kt ni vi RNC c, mt RNC tri
(DRNC: Drift RNC) s cung cp ti nguyn v tuyn cho ngi s dng, nhng RNC
phc v vn qun l kt ni ca ngi s dng n CN. Vai tr logic ca SRNC v
DRNC c m t trn hnh 1.9. Khi UE trong chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, tn
ti nhiu kt ni qua Iub v c t nht mt kt ni qua Iur. Ch mt trong s cc RNC
ny (SRNC) l m bo giao din Iu kt ni vi mng li cn cc RNC khc (DRNC)
ch lm nhim v nh tuyn thng tin gia cc Iub v Iur.
Chc nng cui cng ca RNC l RNC iu khin (CRNC: Control RNC). Mi
nt B c mt RNC iu khin chu trch nhim cho cc ti nguyn v tuyn ca n.
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1.6.2.2. Nt B
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1.6.3. Mng li
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Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min PS
m bo cc dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet v cc
mng s liu khc v min CS m bo cc dch v in thoi n cc mng khc
bng cc kt ni TDM. Cc nt B trong CN c kt ni vi nhau bng ng trc
ca nh khai thc, thng s dng cc cng ngh mng tc cao nh ATM v IP.
Mng ng trc trong min CS s dng TDM cn trong min PS s dng IP.
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1.6.3.1. SGSN
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1.6.3.2. GGSN
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GGSN ni n Internet thng qua giao din Gi v n BG thng qua Gp.
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1.6.3.3. BG
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BG (Border Gatway: Cng bin gii) l mt cng gia min PS ca PLMN vi
cc mng khc. Chc nng ca nt ny ging nh tng la ca Internet: m bo
mng an ninh chng li cc tn cng bn ngoi.
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1.6.3.4. VLR
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1.6.3.5. MSC
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1.6.3.6. GMSC
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1.6.3.7. Mi trng nh
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B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR)
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HLR v AuC l hai nt mng logic, nhng thng c thc hin trong cng
mt nt vt l. HLR lu gi mi thng tin v ngi s dng v ng k thu bao.
Nh: thng tin tnh cc, cc dch v no c cung cp v cc dch v no b t chi
v thng tin chuyn hng cuc gi. Nhng thng tin quan trng nht l hin VLR v
SGSN no ang ph trch ngi s dng.
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Trung tm nhn thc (AuC)
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B ghi nhn dng thit b (EIR)
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EIR (Equipment Identity Register) chu trch nhim lu cc s nhn dng thit
b di ng quc t (IMEI: International Mobile Equipment Identity). y l s nhn
dng duy nht cho thit b u cui. C s d liu ny c chia thnh ba danh mc:
danh mc trng, xm v en. Danh mc trng cha cc s IMEI c php truy nhp
mng. Danh mc xm cha IMEI ca cc u cui ang b theo di cn danh mc en
cha cc s IMEI ca cc u cui b cm truy nhp mng. Khi mt u cui c
thng bo l b mt cp, IMEI ca n s b t vo danh mc en v th n b cm truy
nhp mng. Danh mc ny cng c th c s dng cm cc seri my c bit
khng c truy nhp mng khi chng khng hot ng theo tiu chun.
Giao din Cu. Giao din Cu l giao din chun cho cc card thng minh. Trong
UE y l ni kt ni gia USIM v UE
Giao din Uu. Giao din Uu l giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA trong UMTS.
y l giao din m qua UE truy nhp vo phn c nh ca mng. Giao
din ny nm gia nt B v u cui.
Giao din Iu. Giao din Iu kt ni UTRAN v CN. N gm hai phn, IuPS
cho min chuyn mch gi, IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh. CN c th kt
ni n nhiu UTRAN cho c giao din IuCS v IuPS. Nhng mt UTRAN ch
c th kt ni n mt im truy nhp CN.
Giao din Iur. y l giao din RNC-RNC. Ban u c thit k m bo
chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, nhng trong qu trnh pht trin nhiu tnh
nng mi c b sung. Giao din ny m bo bn tnh nng ni bt sau:
1. Di ng gia cc RNC
2. Lu thng knh ring
3. Lu thng knh chung
4. Qun l ti nguyn ton cc
Giao din Iub. Giao din Iub ni nt B v RNC. Khc vi GSM y l giao
din m.
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1.7. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R4
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Hnh 1.10 cho thy kin trc c s ca 3G UMTS R4. S khc nhau c bn gia
R3 v R4 l ch khi ny mng li l mng phn b v chuyn mch mm. Thay cho
vic c cc MSC chuyn mch knh truyn thng nh kin trc trc, kin trc
chuyn mch phn b v chuyn mch mm c a vo.
V cn bn, MSC c chia thnh MSC server v cng cc phng tin (MGW:
Media Gateway). MSC cha tt c cc phn mm iu khin cuc gi, qun l di ng
c mt MSC tiu chun. Tuy nhin n khng cha ma trn chuyn mch. Ma trn
chuyn mch nm trong MGW c MSC Server iu khin v c th t xa MSC
Server.
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Bo hiu iu khin cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin gia RNC
v MSC Server. ng truyn cho cc cuc gi chuyn mch knh c thc hin
gia RNC v MGW. Thng thng MGW nhn cc cuc gi t RNC v nh tuyn
cc cuc gi ny n ni nhn trn cc ng trc gi. Trong nhiu trng hp ng
trc gi s dng Giao thc truyn ti thi gian thc (RTP: Real Time Transport
Protocol) trn Giao thc Internet (IP). T hnh 1.10 ta thy lu lng s liu gi t
RNC i qua SGSN v t SGSN n GGSN trn mng ng trc IP. C s liu v
ting u c th s dng truyn ti IP bn trong mng li. y l mng truyn ti hon
ton IP.
Ti ni m mt cuc gi cn chuyn n mt mng khc, PSTN chng hn, s c
mt cng cc phng tin khc (MGW) c iu khin bi MSC Server cng
(GMSC server). MGW ny s chuyn ting thoi c ng gi thnh PCM tiu
chun a n PSTN. Nh vy chuyn i m ch cn thc hin ti im ny.
th d, ta gi thit rng nu ting giao din v tuyn c truyn ti tc 12,2
kbps, th tc ny ch phi chuyn vo 64 kbps MGW giao tip vi PSTN. Truyn
ti kiu ny cho php tit kim ng k rng bng tn nht l khi cc MGW cch xa
nhau.
Giao thc iu khin gia MSC Server hoc GMSC Server vi MGW l giao
thc ITU H.248. Giao thc ny c ITU v IETF cng tc pht trin. N c tn l
iu khin cng cc phng tin (MEGACO: Media Gateway Control). Giao thc
iu khin cuc gi gia MSC Server v GMSC Server c th l mt giao thc iu
khin cuc gi bt k. 3GPP ngh s dng (khng bt buc) giao thc iu khin
!20
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1.8. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R5 v R6
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Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTS l a ra kin trc mng a phng tin IP
(hnh 1.11). Bc pht trin ny th hin s thay i ton b m hnh cuc gi. y
c ting v s liu c x l ging nhau trn ton b ng truyn t u cui ca
ngi s dng n ni nhn cui cng. C th coi kin trc ny l s hi t ton din
ca ting v s liu.
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!21
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Hnh 1.11. Kin trc mng 3GPP R5 v R6
im mi ca R5 v R6 l n a ra mt min mi c gi l phn h a
phng tin IP (IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem). y l mt min mng IP c thit
k h tr cc dch v a phng tin thi gian thc IP. T hnh 1.11 ta thy ting v
s liu khng cn cc giao din cch bit; ch c mt giao din Iu duy nht mang tt c
phng tin. Trong mng li giao din ny kt cui ti SGSN v khng c MGW
ring.
Phn h a phng tin IP (IMS) cha cc phn t sau: Chc nng iu khin
trng thi kt ni (CSCF: Connection State Control Function), Chc nng ti nguyn
a phng tin (MRF: Multimedia Resource Function), chc nng iu khin cng
cc phng tin (MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function), Cng bo hiu truyn ti
(T-SGW: Transport Signalling Gateway) v Cng bo hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW:
Roaming Signalling Gateway).
Mt nt quan trng ca kin trc ton IP l thit b ca ngi s dng c tng
cng rt nhiu. Nhiu phn mm c ci t UE. Trong thc t, UE h tr giao
thc khi u phin (SIP: Session Initiation Protocol). UE tr thnh mt tc nhn ca
ngi s dng SIP. Nh vy, UE c kh nng iu khin cc dch v ln hn trc rt
nhiu.
CSCF qun l vic thit lp , duy tr v gii phng cc phin a phng tin n
v t ngi s dng. N bao gm cc chc nng nh: phin dch v nh tuyn. CSCF
hot ng nh mt i din Server /h tch vin.
SGSN v GGSN l cc phin bn tng cng ca cc nt c s dng GPRS
v UMTS R3 v R4. im khc nhau duy nht l ch cc nt ny khng ch h tr
dch v s liu gi m c dch v chuyn mch knh (ting chng hn). V th cn h
!22
tr cc kh nng cht lng dch v (QoS) hoc bn trong SGSN v GGSN hoc t
nht cc Router kt ni trc tip vi chng.
Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF) l chc nng lp cu hi nghi c
s dng h tr cc tnh nng nh t chc cuc gi nhiu pha v dch v hi ngh .
Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW) l mt cng bo hiu SS7 m bo tng
tc SS7 vi cc mng tiu chun ngoi nh PSTN. T-SGW h tr cc giao thc
Sigtran. Cng bo hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW) l mt nt m bo tng tc bo hiu
vi cc mng di ng hin c s dng SS7 tiu chun. Trong nhiu trng hp T-SGW
v R-SGW cng tn ti trn cng mt nn tng.
MGW thc hin tng tc vi cc mng ngoi mc ng truyn a phng
tin. MGW kin trc mng ca UMTS R5 c chc nng ging nh R4. MGW
c iu khin bi Chc nng cng iu khin cc phng tin (MGCF). Giao thc
iu khin gia cc thc th ny l ITU-T H.248.
MGCF cng lin lc vi CSCF. Giao thc c chn cho giao din ny l SIP.
Tuy nhin c th nhiu nh khai thc vn s dng n kt hp vi cc min
chuyn mch knh trong R3 v R4. iu ny cho php chuyn i dn dn t cc
phin bn R3 v R4 sang R5. Mt s cc cuc gi thoi c th vn s dng min CS
mt s cc dch v khc chng hn video c th c thc hin qua R5 IMS. Cu hnh
lai ghp c th hin trn hnh 1.12.
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Hnh 1.12. Chuyn i dn t R4 sang R5
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1.9. CHIN LC DCH CHUYN T GSM SANG UMTS
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Trong phn ny ta s xt chin lc dch chuyn t GSM sang UMTS ca hng
Alcatel. Alcatel d kin pht trin RAN t GSM ln 3G UMTS theo ba pht hnh:
3GR1, 3GR2 v 3GR3. Vi mi pht hnh, cc sn phm mi v cc tnh nng mi
c a ra.
!23
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Trong giai on trin khai UMTS th hai s tch hp u tin gia hai mng s
c thc hin bng cch a ra cc thit b a tiu chun nh: Nt B kt hp BTS
(MBS V2) v RNC kt hp BSC (RNC V2). Cc chc nng khai thc v bo dng
mng v tuyn cng c th c thc hin chung bi cng mt OMC-R (V2). Hnh
1.14 m t kin trc mng RAN tch hp ca giai on hai.
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Hnh 1.14. Kin trc mng RAN tch hp pht hnh 3GR2 (R2.1).
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1.9.3. 3GR3 : Kin trc RAN thng nht
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Trong kin trc RAN ca pht hnh ny c xy dng trn c s pht hnh R5
vo thng 9 nm 2000 ca 3GPP. Trong pht hnh ny RAN chung cho c h thng
UMTS v GSM. C UTRA-FDD v UTRA-TDD u c h tr. Giao thc truyn
ti c thng nht cho GSM, E-GPRS v UMTS, ngoi ra c th ATM kt hp IP.
GERAN (GSM/EDGE RAN) cng s c h tr bi pht hnh ny ca mng. Kin
trc RAN ca 3GR1.3 c th hin trn hnh 1.15.
!25
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Hnh 1.15. Kin trc RAN thng nht ca 3GR3.1
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1.10. CU HNH A L CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G
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Do tnh cht di ng ca thu bao di ng nn mng di ng phi c t chc theo
mt cu trc a l nht nh mng c th theo di c v tr ca thu bao.
!26
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Hnh 1.16. Phn chia mng thnh cc vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN
nh tuyn mt cuc gi n mt thu bao di ng, ng truyn qua mng
s c ni n MSC ang phc v thu bao di ng cn gi. mi vng phc v
MSC/VLR thng tin v thu bao c ghi li tm thi VLR. Thng tin ny bao gm
hai loi:
Thng tin v ng k v cc dch v ca thu bao.
Thng tin v v tr ca thu bao (thu bao ang vng nh v hoc vng
nh tuyn no).
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1.10.3. Phn chia theo vng nh v v vng nh tuyn
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Hnh 1.17. Phn chia vng phc v ca MSC/VLR v SGSN thnh cc vng nh
v (LA: Location Area) v nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area)
nht thng tin v v tr cho MSC/VLR (hay SGSN) qun l v tr ny. C th ni vng
nh v (hay vng nh tuyn) l v tr c th nht ca trm di ng m mng cn bit
nh tuyn cho mt cuc gi n n. vng nh v ny thng bo tm s c
pht qung b tm thu bao di ng b gi. H thng c th nhn dng vng nh v
bng cch s dng nhn dng vng nh v (LAI: Location Area Identity) hay nhn
dng vng nh tuyn (RAI Routing Area Identity). Vng nh v (hay vng nh
tuyn) c th bao gm mt s v thuc mt hay nhiu RNC, nhng ch thuc mt
MSC (hay mt SGSN).
#
1.10.4. Phn chia theo
#
!
Hnh 1.18. Phn chia LA v RA
l mt vng ph v tuyn c mng nhn dng bng nhn dng ton cu (CGI:
Cell Global Identity). Trm di ng nhn dng bng m nhn dng trm gc (BSIC:
Base Station Identity Code). Vng ph ca cc thng c m phng bng hnh lc
gic tin cho vic tnh ton thit k.
#
1.10.5. Mu
#
!28
Trong cc kin trc mng bao gm c min chuyn mch knh v min chuyn
mch gi, vng phc mng khng ch c phn chia thnh cc vng nh v (LA) m
cn c phn chia thnh cc vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area). Cc vng nh v
(LA: Location Area) l khi nim qun l di ng ca min CS k tha t mng GSM.
Cc vng nh tuyn (RA: Routing Area) l cc thc th ca min PS. Mng li PS s
dng RA tm gi. Nhn dng thu bao P-TMSI (Packet- Temporary Mobile
Subsscriber Identity: nhn dng thu bao di ng gi tm thi) l duy nht trong mt
RA.
Trong mng truy nhp v tuyn, RA li c chia tip thnh cc vng ng k
UTRAN (URA: UTRAN Registration Area). Tm gi khi xng UTRAN s dng
URA khi knh bo hiu u cui c thit lp. URA khng th nhn thy c
bn ngoi UTRAN.
Quan h gia cc vng c phn cp nh cho hnh 1.20 ( khng c th
hin). LA thuc 3G MSC v RA thuc 3G SGSN. URA thuc RNC. Theo di v tr
theo URA v trong UTRAN c thc hin khi c kt ni RRC (Radio Resource
Control: iu khin ti nguyn v tuyn) cho knh bo hiu u cui. Nu khng c
!29
!
Hnh 1.20. Cc khi nim phn chia vng a l trong 3G WCDMA UMTS.
#
#
1.11. TNG KT
#
#
#
#
#
#
!30
Chng 2
CNG NGH A TRUY NHP CA WCDMA
#
2.1.1. Mc ch chng
#
#
2.1.2. Cc ch c trnh by trong chng
#
2.1.3. Hng dn
Hc k cc t liu c trnh by trong chng
Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu ging dy ca kha hc
#
2.2.1. Cc h thng thng tin tri ph
#
!
x, y v c k hiu tng qut cho tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph; x(t), y(t) v c(t) k hiu cho cc
tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min thi gian; X(f), Y(f) v C(f) k hiu cho cc tn hiu
vo, ra v m tri ph trong min tn s; Tb l thi gian mt bit ca lung s cn pht, Rb=1/
!32
#
#
2.2.2. p dng DSSS cho CDMA
#
Trong cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m da trn CDMA, mt tp m
trc giao c s dng v mi ngi s dng c gn mt m tri ph ring. Cc m
tri ph ny phi m bo iu kin trc giao sau y:
1. Tch hai m ging nhau bng 1: cici=1
2. Tch hai m khc nhau s l mt m mi trong tp m: cicj=ck
1 N
Ck = 0
N
k
=
1
3. C s bit 1 bng s bit -1 trong mt m !
, trong N l s chip
v Ck l gi tr chip k trong mt m
Bng 2.1. cho thy th d s dng b m gm tm m trc giao: c0, c1, , c7.
Bng 2.2 v 2.3 cho thy th d khi nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1 c 1 v
nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 2.1 ta c mt m mi..
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
c1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
c2
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
c3
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
+1
c4
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
+1
-1
c5
+1
-1
+1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
c6
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
c7
+1
-1
-1
+1
-1
+1
+1
-1
#
Bng 2.2. Th d nhn hai m ging nhau trong bng 1 c mt
c1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
c1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
c1c1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
!33
#
Bng 2.3. Th d nhn hai m khc nhau trong bng 1 c mt m mi trong
tp 8 m
c1
+1
+1
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
c3
+1
+1
-1
-1
-1
-1
+1
+1
= c2
+1
+1
-1
-1
+1
+1
-1
-1
#
Nu ta xt mt h thng gm K ngi s dng c xy dng trn c s
CDMA, th sau tri ph cc ngi s dng ny s pht vo khng gian tp cc tn hiu
y nh sau:
K
y = y i = ci
i =1
= i1
!
(2.1)
Ta xt qu trnh x l tn hiu ny ti mt my thu k. Nhim v ca my thu ny l
phi ly ra xk v loi b cc tn hiu khc (cc tn hiu ny c gi l nhiu ng
knh v trong h thng CDMA chng c pht trn cng mt tn s vi xk). Nhn
(2.1) vi xk v p dng quy tc trc giao ni trn ta c:
x! k = xk+ ci
i =1
i
k
!
(2.2)
Thnh phn th nht trong (2.2) chnh l tn hiu hu ch cn thnh phn th hai l
nhiu ca cc ngi s dng cn l nhiu ca cc ngi s dng khc c gi l
MAI (Multiple Access Interferrence: nhiu a ngi s dng). loi b thnh phn
th hai my thu s dng b lc tng quan trng min thi gian kt hp vi b lc tn
s trong min tn s. Hnh 2.2 xt qu trnh gii tri ph v lc ra tn hiu hu ch ti
my thu k trong mt h thng CDMA c K ngi s dng vi gi thit cng sut pht
t K my pht nh nhau ti u vo my thu k. Hnh 2.2a cho thy s gii tri ph
DSSS. Hnh 2.2b cho thy ph ca tn hiu tng c pht i t K my pht sau tri
ph, hnh 2.2c cho thy ph ca tn hiu ny sau gii tri ph ti my thu k v hnh
2.2d cho thy ph ca tn hiu sau b lc thng thp vi bng thng bng Rb.
!34
T hnh 2.2 ta thy t s tn hiu trn nhiu (SIR: Signal to Interference Ratio)
l t s gia din tch hnh ch nht c t m trn hnh 2.2.b v tng din tch cc
hnh ch nht trng trn hnh 2.2.c: SIR=S1/S2. T s ny t l vi t s Rc/Rb. v th
t s Rc/Rb c gi l li x l (TA: Processing Gain).
#
2.3. IU KHIN CNG SUT
#
iu khin cng sut vng trong c thc hin ti nt B. iu khin cng sut
vng trong c thc hin nhanh vi 1500 ln trong mt giy da trn so snh
SIR thu vi SIR ch
iu khin cng sut vng ngoi c thc hin ti RNC thit lp SIR ch
cho nt B. iu khin cng sut ny da trn so snh t l li khi (BLER) thu
c vi t l ch.
#
2.4. CHUYN GIAO TRONG H THNG CDMA
#
#
#
!36
#
2.5. MY THU PHN TP A NG HAY MY THU RAKE
#
cng sut. Hnh 2.4a cho thy truyn sng a ng v hnh 2.4b cho thy th d v l
lch tr cng sut.
!
!38
Cn lu khi chn m nh knh chng khng tng quan vi nhau. Chng hn khi
chn m Cch,8,4=+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1, khng c s dng m Cch,16,8=
+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1+1-1; v hai m ny hon ton ging nhau (tch ca
chng bng 1) v chng s gy nhiu cho nhau.
Cc m OVSF ch hiu qu khi cc knh c ng b hon ho ti mc k
hiu. Mt tng quan cho do truyn sng a ng c b tr bi thao tc ngu
nhin ha b sung. Vi thao tc ngu nhin ha, phn thc (I) v phn o (Q) ca tn
hiu tri ph c nhn b sung vi m ngu nhin ha phc. M ngu nhin ha
phc c s dng phn bit cc ngun pht: (1) cc khc nhau i vi ng
xung v (2) cc UE khc nhau i vi ng ln. Cc m ny c cc tnh cht tng
quan tt (trung bnh ha nhiu) v lun c s dng trn vi cc m tri ph
nhng khng lm nh hng rng ph tn hiu v bng thng truyn dn.
!
Hnh 2.6. Cy m nh knh
ng truyn gia nt B v UE trong WCDMA cha nhiu knh. C th chia
cc knh ny thnh hai loi: (1) knh ring truyn lu lng v (2) knh chung
mang cc thng tin iu khin v bo hiu. ng truyn t UE n nt B c gi l
ng ln, cn ng ngc li t nt B n UE c gi l ng xung. Trc ht
ta xt tri ph cho cc knh ng ln.
#
2.7. TRI PH V IU CH NG LN
#
2.7.1. Tri ph v iu ch cc knh ring ng ln
#
!41
!
Hnh 2.8. Truyn dn knh iu khin vt l ring ng ln v knh s liu vt
l ring ng ln khi c/ khng c (DTX) s liu ca ngi s dng
Hnh 2.9. Chm tn hiu i vi ghp m I/Q s dung ngu nhin ha phc,
biu din cho t s cng sut gia DPDCH v DPCCH.
#
2.7.2. Tri ph v iu ch knh chung ng ln PRACH
#
!42
Tri ph v ngu nhin ha phn bn tin PRACH c minh ha trn hnh 2.10.
#
2.8. TRI PH V IU CH NG XUNG
#
2.8.1. S tri ph v iu ch ng xung
#
!43
!
Hnh 2.11. S tri ph v iu ch cho tt c cc knh vt l ng xung
#
2.8.2. Cc m tri ph ng xung
#
#
2.8.3. Cc m ngu nhin ha ng xung
#
!44
!
Hnh 2.12. Cc m ngu nhin ha s cp v th cp
V thng thng mi c nhn dng bng mt m ngu nhin ho s cp,
nn qu trnh tm kim cng l qu trnh tm kim m ny. Qu trnh tm kim c
th c thc hin theo ba bc sau:
Tm P-SCH (knh ng b s cp) thit lp ng b khe v ng b k hiu
Tm S-SCH (knh ng b th cp) thit lp ng b khung v nhm m
Tm m ngu nhin ha nhn dng
!45
!
S/P: bin i ni tip thnh song song
#
2.9. TNG KT
#
!46
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
Chng 3
GIAO DIN V TUYN CA WCDMA UMTS
#
3.1. GII THIU CHUNG
#
3.1.1. Mc ch chng
#
#
3.1.2. Cc ch c trnh by trong chng
#
3.1.3. Hng dn
!47
#
3.2. M U
#
Kin trc giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA c cho trn hnh 3.1.
!
UP: Mt phng ngi s dng
CP: Mt phng iu khin
Hnh 3.1. Kin trc giao thc v tuyn cho UTRA FDD.
#
3.4. CC THNG S LP VT L V QUY HOCH TN S
#
3.4.1. Cc thng s lp vt l
5/10/15/20
Mnh ph
200 kHz
Tc chip (Mcps)
(1,28)/3,84/7,68/11,52/15,36
di khung
10 ms
ng b gia cc nt B
D b/ng b
M ha sa li
M turbo, m xon
iu ch DL/UL
QPSK/BPSK
Tri ph DL/UL
QPSK/OCQPSK (HPSK)
B m ha thoi
CS-ACELP/(AMR)
3GPP/ETSI/ARIB
!50
#
3.4.2. Quy hoch tn s
#
Cc bng tn s dng cho WCDMA FDD trn ton cu c cho trn hnh
3.2a. WCDMA s dng phn b tn s quy nh cho IMT-2000 (International Mobile
Telecommunications-2000) (hnh 3.2b) nh sau. chu u v hu ht cc nc chu
bng tn IMT-2000 l 260 MHz (1920-1980 MHz cng vi 2110-2170 MHz) c
th s dng cho WCDMA/ FDD. Bng tn s dng cho TDD chu u thay i,
bng tn c cp theo giy php c th l 25 MHz cho s dng TDD 1900-1920
(TDD1) v 2020-2025 MHz (TDD2). Bng tn cho cc ng dng TDD khng cn xin
php (SPA= Self Provided Application: ng dng t cp) c th l 2010-2020 MHz.
Cc h thng FDD s dng cc bng tn khc nhau cho ng ln v ng xung vi
phn cch l khong cch song cng, cn cc h thng TDD s dng cng tn s cho
c ng ln v ng xung.
UMTS quy nh khai thc song cng phn chia theo tn s l ch tiu chun
cho thng tin thoi v s liu. Hot ng ng thi v lin tc ca cc mch in pht
v thu l cc thay i ng k nht so vi hat ng ca GSM.
!51
Bng tn cho hat ng FDD cho cc bng I, II v III c cho trn hnh 3.3.
Bng I (B1) l n nh bng chnh Chu u. Quy nh dnh hai cp pht 60MHz vi
khong cch song cng chun 190MHz, tuy nhin quy nh cng cho php song cng
kh bin, trong khong cch pht thu nm trong khong 130 n 250MHz. H
thng song cng kh bin t ra cc yu cu b sung i vi thit k my pht thu v
cc b t tn s my pht v my thu phi hot ng c lp vi nhau. Bng II (B2) ti
s dng bng hin c ca h thng thng tin di ng c nhn v d nh s dng
M m bo ng tn ti UMTS v GSM. Khong cch song cng ch bng
80MHz i vi bng II v th t ra cc yu cu kh khn hn i vi phn cng ca
my thu pht.
!52
Hnh 3.4 cho thy cp pht bng thng theo u thu ti Vng Quc Anh. Ph
tn c chia cho nm nh khai thc nh sau:
Cp php A (Hutchison) nhn cp pht bng kp 14,6 MHz (tng ng
35MHz vi bng bo v nh hn)
Cp php B Vodafon) nhn cp pht bng kp 14,8MHz (tng ng 35MHz
vi bng bo v nh hn)
Cp php C (BT3G) nhn cp pht bng kp 10MHz (25MHz) v bng n
5MHz ti 1910 MHz
Cp php D (One2One) nhn cp pht bng kp 10MHz (25MHz) v bng dn
5MHz ti 1900MHz
Cp php E (Orange) nhn cp pht bng kp (25MHz) v bng n 5MHz ti
1905MHz.
!
Hnh 3.4. Th d cp pht bng tn cho nm nh khai thc ti Vng Quc Anh
!53
!
Hnh 3.5. Cp pht tn s cho su nh khai thc ti c
FDD
TDD
BSTx*
BSRx**
BSTx/BSRx
2110-2125 MHz
1920-1935 MHz
1915-1920 MHz
2125-2140 MHz
1935-1950 MHz
1910-1915 MHz
2140-2155 MHz
1950-1965 MHz
1905-1910 MHz
2155-2170 MHz
1965-1980 MHz
1900-1905 MHz
!54
#
3.5.1. Cc knh logic, LoCH
#
Ni chung cc knh logic (LoCH: Logical Channel) c chia thnh hai nhm:
cc knh iu khin (CCH: Control Channel) truyn thng tin iu khin v cc
knh lu lng (TCH: Traffic Channel) truyn thng tin ca ngi s dng. Cc
knh logic v ng dng ca chng c tng kt trong bng 3.2.
Knh logic
ng dng
Knh ng xung pht qung
b thng tin h thng
Knh ng xung pht qung
b thng tin tm gi
!55
Knh mt chiu im a im
truyn thng tin ca mt ngi s
dng cho tt c hay mt nhm
ngi s dng quy nh hoc ch
cho mt ngi s dng. Knh ny
ch c ng xung.
ng dng
DCH (Dedicated
Channel: Knh ring)
BCH (Broadcast
Channel: Knh qung
b)
!56
FACH (Forward
Knh chung ng xung pht thng tin iu khin v s
Access Channel: Knh liu ca ngi s dng. Knh chia s chung cho nhiu UE.
truy nhp ng
c s dng truyn s liu tc thp cho lp cao hn
xung)
PCH (Paging Channel: Knh chung dng xung pht cc tn hiu tm gi
Knh tm gi)
RACH (Random
Access Channel)
CPCH (Common
Knh chung ng ln pht s liu ngi s dng. p
Packet Channel: Knh dng trong truy nhp ngu nhin v c s dng trc ht
gi chung)
truyn s liu cm.
DSCH (Dowlink
Knh chung ng xung pht s liu gi. Chia s cho
Shared Channel: Knh nhiu UE. S dng trc ht cho truyn dn s liu tc
chia s ng xung) cao.
#
#
Cc knh logic c chuyn thnh cc knh truyn ti nh cho trn hnh 3.6.
!
Hnh 3.6. Chuyn i gia cc LoCH v TrCH trn ng ln v ng xung
#
3.5.3. Cc knh vt l
#
!57
!
Hnh 3.7. Tng kt cc kiu knh vt l
ng dng
!58
DPCCH (Dedicated
Physical Control Channel:
Knh vt l iu khin
ring)
!59
P-CCPCH (Primary
Common Control Physical
Channel: Knh vt l iu
khin chung s cp)
S-CCPCH (Secondary
Common Control Physical
Channel: Knh vt l iu
khin chung th cp)
SCH (Synchrronization
Channel: Knh ng b)
PDSCH (Physical
Knh chung ng xung. Mi c nhiu PDSCH
Downlink Shared Channel: (hoc khng c). c s dng mang knh truyn
Knh vt l chia s ng ti DSCH
xung)
AICH (Acquisition
Indication Channel: Knh
ch th bt)
AP-AICH (Access
Knh chung ng xung i cp vi PCPCH iu
Preamble Acquisition
khin truy nhp ngu nhin cho PCPCH
Indicator Channel: Knh
ch th bt tin t truy nhp)
CD/CA-ICH (CPCH
Collision Detection/
Channel Assignment
Indicator Channel: Knh
ch th pht hin va chm
CPCH/n nh knh)
#
Cc cc knh truyn ti c chuyn thnh cc knh vt l nh trn hnh 3.8.
!60
Hnh 3.9 cho thy vic ghp hai knh truyn ti ln mt knh vt l v cung cp
ch th li cho tng khi truyn ti ti pha thu.
!
TFI= Transport Format Indicator: Ch th khun dng truyn ti
TFCI= Transport Format Combination Indicator: Ch th kt hp khun dng truyn ti
3.5.4. Qu trnh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH v truy nhp gi CPCH
!61
#
Qu trnh truy nhp ngu nhin RACH v truy nhp gi CPCH c cho trn
hnh 3.10a v 3.10b.
!
Hnh 3.10. Cc th tc truy nhp ngu nhin RACH v truy nhp gi
#
Cc tr tc truy nhp ngu nhin trn hnh 3.10a nh sau. UE khi xng th
tc truy nhp ngu nhin RACH bng cch pht i mt AP (tin t truy nhp). Nu
chp nhn (OK), nt B pht AICH (ch th pht hin bt) n UE. Sau UE c th
pht bn tin trn knh RACH (knh truy nhp ngu nhin).
Cc th tc truy nhp ngu nhin CPCH nh sau. Da trn thng tin kh dng
ca tng knh PCPCH do CSICH thng bo, UE khi xng th tc truy nhp CPCH
trn knh cha s dng bng cch pht i mt AP (tin t truy nhp). Nu c nt B
chp nhn (OK) UE pht i mt CP (tin t pht hin va chm) thng bo rng n
chim knh ny. Cui cng nt B pht i CD/CA-ICH (ch th pht hin va chm v
n nh knh) n UE. Sau UE c th pht gi trn knh CPCH (knh gi chung)
Hnh 3.11 cho thy bo hiu thit lp lp cuc gi s dng knh logic v knh
truyn ti. u tin UE s dng knh logic CCCH truyn trn knh truyn ti RACH
yu cu ng truyn bo hiu (RRC). RNC tr li bng knh logic CCCH trn
knh truyn ti FACH. Sau khi c kt ni RRC, UE s trao i bo hiu vi RNC qua
knh logic DCCH trn knh truyn ti DCH. Sau khi nhn c lnh "truyn trc tip"
t UE, RNC pht lnh yu cu dch v CM (Connection Management: qun l kt ni)
trn giao thc RANAP (Radio Access Application Part: phn ng dng truy nhp
mng v tuyn) khi u bo hiu thit lp knh mang lu lng Ty thuc vo
yu cu ca UE lnh bo hiu ny c th c chuyn n MSC hoc SGSN (trong
trng hp xt l MSC). Sau khi thc hin cc th tc an ninh, cc th tc thit lp
knh mang c thc hin.
!62
!
Hnh 3.11. Bo hiu thit lp cuc gi.
#
3.6. CU TRC KNH VT L RING
#
Hnh 3.13 cho thy s khi ca my pht v tuyn (hnh 3.13a) v my thu
v tuyn (3.13b) trong W-CDMA. Lp 1 (lp vt l) b sung CRC cho tng khi
truyn ti (TB: Transport Block) l n v s liu gc cn x l nhn c t lp
MAC pht hin li pha thu. Sau s liu c m ho knh v an xen. S liu
sau an xen c b sung thm cc bit hoa tiu v cc bit iu khin cng sut pht
(TPC: Transmit Power Control)), c sp xp ln cc nhnh I v Q ca QPSK v
c tri ph hai lp (tri ph v ngu nhin ho). Chui chip sau ngu nhin ho
!64
!
Hnh 3.13. S khi my pht tuyn (a) v my thu v tuyn (b)
!65
Khi nhiu anten thu c s dng, ta ni my thu s dng phn tp anten thu
(Rx). Phn tp Rx c th c s dng ti nt B tng dung lng ng ln v
vng ph sng. Do gi thnh v khng gian chim ln, phn tp anten thu khng ph
bin ti my u cui. khc phc nhc im ny WCDMA s dng phn tp pht
cho my u cui. Tn ti hai k thut phn tp pht WCDMA: Phn tp vng h v
phn tp vng kn.
!
MF: Matched Filter: B lc phi hp
Hnh 3.14. Phn tp pht vng h ca WCDMA
#
STTD c xy dng trn c s m Alamouti nh sau :
#
!
" x x #
1
2
&
X(x1 , x 2 ) = %
%x x &
' 2
1 (
(3.1)
trong ct 1 cha cc k hiu c pht i t anten 1 cn ct 2 cha cc k hiu
c pht i t anten 2. Cc k hiu ny l cc k hiu iu ch QPSK (xem hnh
3.15).
!66
!
Hnh 3.15. B iu ch STTD s dng m khi khng gian thi gian trc giao (OSTBC) 2x2.
3.8.2. Ch vng kn
R3 v R4 s dng hai khi nim phn tp pht vng kn. Trong c hai ch
ny, thng tin ng chnh pha c pht trn mt knh hi tip nhanh (tc 1500
bps) cho php chn 4 hoc 16 kh nng trng s bp sng. C hai khi nim ny u
c th coi l truyn dn nht qun (to bp thch ng knh) vi s dng cn bng knh
v cc chin lc bo hiu hi tip khc nhau. Kin trc my pht v my thu nt B
c cho trn hnh 3.16a v 3.16b.
!
Hnh 3.16. Phn tp pht vng kn ca WCDMA
!67
#
3.9. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG WCDMA
#
#
3.9.1. Th d v iu khin cng sut vng h cho PRACH
#
Da trn tnh ton ca PC vng h, UE thit lp cc cng sut ban u cho tin
t knh truy nhp ngu nhin vt l (PRACH). Trong th tc truy nhp ngu nhin
(xem phn 3.5.4), UE thit lp cng sut pht tin t u tin nh sau:
#
3.9.2. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln
#
S iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln cc cho trn hnh 3.17.
!
Hnh 3.17. Nguyn l iu khin cng sut vng kn ng ln
Phng php iu khin cng sut nhanh vng kn ln nh sau (xem hnh 3.17).
Nt B thng xuyn c tnh t s tn hiu trn nhiu thu c (SIR= Signal to
Interference Ratio) trn hoa tiu ng ln trong UL DPCCH v so snh n vi t s
SIR ch (SIRch). Nu SIRctnh cao hn SIRch th nt B thit lp bit iu khin cng
sut trong DPCCH TPC=0 lnh UE h thp cng sut (Ty vo thit lp cu hnh:
1dB chng hn) , tri li n thit lp bit iu khin cng sut trong DPCCH TPC=1
ra lnh UE tng cng sut (1dB chng hn). Chu k o-lnh-phn ng ny c thc
hin 1500 ln trong mt giy (1,5 KHz) W-CDMA. Tc ny s cao hn mi s
thay i tn hao ng truyn v thm ch c th nhanh hn phainh nhanh khi MS
chuyn ng tc thp.
#
3.9.2.2. iu khin cng sut vng ngoi ng ln
#
#
3.9.3. iu khin cng sut vng kn ng xung
#
#
3.10.1. Chuyn giao cng
#
#
3.10.2. Chuyn giao mm/ mm hn
#
!
R1a, R1b l di bo co cho cc s kin 1a v 1b c thit lp bi RNC; H1a, H1b l hng s tr c
quy nh cho cc s kin 1a v 1b
#
3.11. CC THNG S MY THU V MY PHT V TUYN CA UE
#
Tn s cng tc
Cc thng s my thu
nhy
Bng tn 1: -117dBm
Bng tn II: -115dBm
Bng tn III: - 114dBm
Cc thng s my pht
!72
#
3.12. AMR CODEC CHO W-CDMA
#
B m ho ting a tc thch ng (AMR CODEC: Adaptive Multirate
Codec) c coi l cng ngh vt tri cc cng ngh m ho ting khc. V th n
c chn l s m ho ting cho 3GW-CDMA UMTS. N cung cp 8 ch m
ho t 12,2 bps n 4,75kbps. Trong s cc ch ny, 12,2kbps, 7,4 kbps v 6,7 kbps
c chung mt gii thut vi cc s m ho ting c tiu chun ho cc tiu
chun ca cc vng khc trn th gii. AMC CODEC cho php la chn tc ty
theo cht lng knh truyn sng. Nu cht lng tt, tc cao nht (12,2kbps) c
chn. Nu ng truyn xu, mt trong s cc tc thp hn c la ty thuc vo
cht lng ng truyn.
AMR cng quy nh cc cng ngh ngoi vi cn thit cho thng tin di ng.
Hai tu chn c cung cp l gii thut VAD (pht hin tch cc ting) v DTX (pht
khng lin tc. Ngoi ra cng nh ngha cc yu cu cho che du li khi xy ra li.
Chng hn ni suy cc thng s m ho nh khuch i bng m, h s d on ngn
hn cng c nh ngha theo s chuyn i trng thi do li gy ra.
#
3.13. TNG KT
#
#
#
#
#
!74
Chng 4
TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA)
#
4.1. GII THIU CHUNG
#
4.1.1. Mc ch chng
#
Hiu kin trc ngn xp giao thc giao din v tuyn HSDPA
Hiu c cc s lp biu (Scheduler) v HARQ p dng cho HSPA
Hiu c kin trc HSDPA v cc knh ca n
Hiu c kin trc HSUPA v cc knh ca n
Hiu c chuyn giao trong HSDPA
4.1.3. Hng dn
Hc k cc t liu c trnh by trong chng
Tham kho cc ti liu tham kho nu cn
#
4.2. TNG QUAN TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA)
#
4.2.1. M u
#
Truy nhp gi tc cao ng xung (HSDPA: High Speed Down Link
Packet Access) c 3GPP chun ha ra trong R5 vi phin bn tiu chun u tin
vo nm 2002. Truy nhp gi ng ln tc cao (HSUPA) c 3GPP chun ha
trong R6 v thng 12 nm 2004. C hai HSDPA v HSUPA c gi chung l HSPA.
Cc mng HSDPA u tin c a vo thng mi vo nm 2005 v HSUPA c
a vo thng mi vo nm 2007. Cc thng s tc nh ca R6 HSPA c cho
trong bng 4.1.
HSUPA (R6)
!75
Tc nh (Mbps)
14,4
5,7
Hnh 4.1. Trin khai HSPA vi sng mang ring (f2) hoc chung sng mang vi
WCDMA (f1).
!
Hnh 4.2. Tc s liu khc nhau trn cc giao din (trng hp HSDPA)
!76
Hnh 4.3 cho thy kin trc giao din v tuyn HSDPA v HSUPA cho s liu
ngi s dng. Mt phng bo hiu khng c th hin trn hnh 4.3 (trong mt
phng ny bo hiu c ni n RLC sau c a ln DCH hay HSDPA hoc
HSUPA). S liu t cc dch v khc nhau c nn tiu IP ti PDCP (Packet Data
Convergence Protocol). MAC-hs (High Speed: tc cao) thc hin chc nng lp
biu nhanh da trn nt B.
i vi HSDPA chc nng MAC mi (MAC-hs) c t trong nt B x l
pht li nhanh da trn HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request: yu cu pht li t
ng lai ghp), lp biu v u tin.
i vi HSUPA chc nng MAC mi (MAC-e) c t trong nt B x l
pht li nhanh da trn HARQ, lp biu v u tin. Ti UE chc nng MAC-e mi
c s dng x l lp biu v HARQ di s iu khin ca MAC-e trong nt B.
Chc nng MAC mi (MAC-es) c t trong RNC sp xp li th t gi trc
khi chuyn ln cc lp trn. S sp xp li ny l cn thit, v ca chuyn giao mm c
th dn n cc gi t cc nt B khc nhau n RNC khng theo th t.
!
MAC-hs: High Speed MAC: MAC tc cao
MAC-e: E-DCH MAC: MAC knh E-DCH, MAC-es: thc th MAC knh E-DCH sp t li th t
Hnh 4.3. Kin trc giao din v tuyn HSDPA v HSUPA cho s liu ngi s
dng
Hnh 4.4 cho thy cc chc nng mi trong cc phn t ca WCDMA khi a
vo HSPA.
!77
d
Hnh 4.4. Cc chc nng mi trong cc phn t ca WCDMA khi a vo HSPA.
#
4.4. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG XUNG (HSDPA)
#
#
4.4.1 Truyn dn knh chia s
#
#
4.4.2. Lp biu ph thuc knh
#
Lp biu (Scheduler) iu khin vic dnh knh chia s cho ngi s dng no
ti mt thi im cho trc. B lp biu ny l mt phn t then cht v quyt nh rt
ln n tng hiu nng ca h thng, c bit khi mng c ti cao. Trong mi TTI, B
lp biu quyt nh HS-DSCH s c pht n ngi (hoc cc ngi) s dng no
kt hp cht ch vi c ch iu khin tc (ti tc s liu no).
Dung lng h thng c th c tng ng k khi c xt n cc iu kin
knh trong quyt nh lp biu: lp biu ph thuc knh. V trong mt , cc iu kin
ca cc ng truyn v tuyn i vi cc UE khc nhau thay i c lp, nn ti tng
!79
!80
!
Hnh 4.7. Nguyn l lp biu HSDPA ca nt B
#
#
4.4.3. iu khin tc v iu ch bc cao
#
#
4.4.3.1. M ha knh HS-DSCH
#
!
Hnh 4.8. M ha turbo v c l
#
4.4.3.2. iu ch HS-DSCH
#
!
!82
Hnh 4.9. Chm tn hiu iu ch QPSK, 16-QAM v khong cch cc tiu gia
hai im tn hiu
#
4.4.4. HARQ vi kt hp mm
#
!83
!84
!
Hnh 4.11. HARQ kt hp phn d tng s dng m turbo
#
4.4.4. Kin trc
#
!85
!
Hnh 4.12. Kin trc HSDPA
Mi UE s dng HSDPA s thu truyn dn HS-DSCH t mt ( phc v).
phc v chu trch nhim lp biu, iu khin tc , HARQ v cc chc nng MAChs khc cho HSDPA. Chuyn giao mm ng ln c h tr trong truyn dn s
liu ng ln s thu c t nhiu v UE s nhn c cc lnh iu khin cng
sut t nhiu .
Di ng t mt h tr HSDPA n mt khng h tr HSDPA c x l d
rng. C th m bo dch v khng b gin on cho ngi s dng (mc d ti tc
s liu thp hn) bng chuyn mch knh trong RNC trong ngi s dng c
chuyn mch n knh dnh ring (DCH) trong khng c HSDPA. Tng t, mt
ngi s dng c trang b u cui c HSDPA c th chuyn mch t knh ring
sang HSDPA khi ngi ny chuyn vo c h tr HSDPA.
Cu trc knh tng th ca HSDPA kt hp WCDMA c cho trn hnh 4.13.
!
Hnh 4.13. Cu trc knh HSDPA kt hp WCDMA
Di y ta tng kt chc nng ca cc knh trong HSDPA:
1. HS-DSCH (High Speed- Downlink Shared Channel) l knh truyn ti c sp
xp ln nhiu knh vt l HS-PDSCH truyn ti lu lng gi chia s cho nhiu
!86
2.
3.
4.
5.
#
4.4.5. HSDPA MIMO
#
!88
Bng 4.2 cho thy qu trnh tng tc nh HSDPA bng vic s dng MIMO
kt hp vi iu ch bc cao 16QAM/64QAM i vi cc loi u cui UE khc
nhau.
S m
iu ch
MIMO
12
QPSK
3/4
1,8
R5
5/6
16QAM
3/4
3,6
R5
7/8
10
16QAM
3/4
7,2
R5
15
16QAM
3/4
10,1
R5
10
15
16QAM
Gn 1/1
14,0
R5
13
15
64QAM
5/6
17,4
R7
14
15
64QAM
Gn 1/1
21,1
R7
15
15
16QAM
2x2
5/6
23,4
R7
16
15
16QAM
2x2
Gn 1/1
28
R7
#
4.5.1. Lp biu
#
!90
!91
#
4.5.2. HARQ vi kt hp mm
#
#
4.5.3. Kin trc
#
!93
!
Cc knh mi c a vo cho HSUPA c th hin bng cc ng t nt
#
4.5.4. Cc loi u cui HSUPA
#
Tc s
liu nh lp
1
vi
TTI=2ms
10
0,72
N/A*
2,10
1,45
1,45
10
1,45
N/A
2, 10
2,91
10
N/A
4 (2SF4+2SF2)
2,10
5,76
#
Qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai on ca cng mt nt B
c minh ha trn hnh 4.21. Sau khi quyt nh chuyn giao, SRNC gi bn
tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt lin quan B v
ng thi gi bn tin RRC v t li cu hnh knh vt l n UE chng thc
hin chuyn giao. Qu trnh chuyn giao t nt B ny sang nt B khc thuc
cng mt RNC cng xy ra tng t.
4.6.3. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai cc (on ) thuc hai RNC khc
nhau
Qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia hai (on ) thuc hai RNC khc nhau
c minh ha trn hnh 4.22. Sau khi SRNC quyt nh chuyn giao, n gi bn
tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt B lin quan v ng
thi gi bn tin RRC t li cu hnh knh vt l n UE thc hin chuyn giao.
Trong trng hp ny bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c SRNC gi n
nt B ch thng qua DRNC.
!98
!
Hnh 4.22. Chuyn giao HS-DSCH gia cc on thuc hai RNC khc nhau
Hnh 4.23 minh ha qu trnh chuyn giao HS-DSCH t (on ) c HSDSCH sang mt nt B ch c DCH. Sau khi SRNC quyt nh chuyn giao, n gi
bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn c ng b n cc nt B lin quan v
ng thi gi bn tin RRC v t li cu hnh knh vt l n ngi s dng chng
thc hin chuyn giao. Trong trng hp ny bn tin t li cu hnh lin kt v tuyn
c SRNC gi n nt B ch thng qua DRNC
!
!99
#
4.7. TNG KT
#
!100
Thut ng v vit tt
!101
2G
Second Generation
Th h th 2
3G
Third Generation
Th h th ba
3GPP
n cc i tc th h th ba
3GPP2
n i tc th h th ba 2
AICH
Knh ch th bt
AMC
M ha v iu ch thch ng
AMR
Adaptive MultiRate
a tc thch ng
ARQ
Automatic Repeat-reQuest
Yu cu pht li t ng
ATM
Ch truyn d b
BCCH
BCH
Broadcast Channel
Knh qung b
BER
T s li bit
BLER
T s li khi
BPSK
BS
Base Station
Trm gc
BTS
CC
Convolutional Code
M xon
CDMA
CN
Core Network
Mng li
CPCH
Knh gi chung
CPICH
CQI
CRC
CS
Circuit Switch
CSICH
DCCH
DCH
Dedicated Channel
Knh iu khin
!102
DL
Downlink
ng xung
DPCH
Knh vt l ring
DRX
Discontinuous Reception
DSCH
DSSS
E
AGCH Enhanced Absolute Grant Channel
E-DCH
EDGE
EIR
E
- Enhanced Dedicated Control Channel Knh iu khin ring tng cng
DPCCH
E
- Enhanced Dedicated Data Channel
DPDCH
E
RGCH Enhanced Relative Grant Channel
FACH
FDD
F
DPCH Fractional DPCH
GGSN
Nt h tr GPRS cng
GPRS
GSM
HARQ
HHO
Hard Handover
HLR
B ghi nh v thng tr
HSPA
HSS
HSUPA
High-Speed Uplink Packet Access
Truy nhp gi ng ln tc
cao
IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMS
IP
Internet Protocol
IPv4
IP version 4
Phin bn IP bn
IPv6
IP version 6
Phin bn IP su
IR
Incremental Redundancy
Phn d tng
Iu
Iub
Iur
LTE
Pht trin di hn
MAC
Nhiu u vo nhiu u ra
MMS
MSC
NodeB
Nt B
OVSF
PAPR
Peak to Average Power Ratio
P
- Primary Common Control Physical
CCPCH Channel
PCH
Knh tm gi
Paging Channel
Knh vt l gi chung
PDCP
PHY
Physical Layer
Lp vt l
PICH
Knh ch th tm gi
PS
Packet Switch
Chuyn mch gi
PSTN
QAM
iu ch bin vung gc
QoS
Quality of Service
QPSK
RACH
RAN
RAT
RF
Radio Frequency
Tn s v tuyn
RLC
RNC
RRC
RTP
S
- Secondary Common Control Physical Knh vt l iu khin chung s
CCPCH Channel
cp
SCH
Synchronization channel
Knh ng b
SF
Spreading Factor
H s tri ph
!105
SGSN
Nt h tr GPRS phc v
SIM
SMS
SNR
T s tn hiu trn tp m
SHO
Soft Handover
Chuyn giao mm
TDD
TDM
Time Division Multiplex
TFC
TFCI
TrCH
Transport Channel
Knh truyn ti
TTI
UE
User Equipment
UL
Uplink
ng ln
UMB
UMTS
Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
USIM
UMTS SIM
UTRA
TDMA
WiFi
Wireless Fidelitity
VoIP
Thoi trn IP
Voice over IP
!106
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
!107
1. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Sch Thng tin di ng th h ba, Nh xut
bn Bu in, 2001
2. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Sch cdmaOne v cdma2000, Nh xut bn
Bu in, 2003
3. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Gio trnh Thng tin di ng th h ba, Hc
Vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng , Nh xut bn Bu in, 2004
4. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Sch Mng ring o MNPN, Nh xut bn
Bu-in, 12/2005
5. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Sch An ninh trong thng tin di ng, Nh
xut bn Bu-in, 9/2006
6. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Bi ging Thng tin di ng cho o to t
xa, Hc Vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng 2007
7. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Gio trnh L trnh pht trin thng tin di ng
3G ln 4G, Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng, 12/2008
8. TS. Nguyn Phm Anh Dng. Ti liu WiMAX, Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu
Chnh Vin Thng. 12/2008
!108